Small-modulus non-90-degree crossed axis angle arc bevel gear spot detection method

Abstract

The invention discloses a spot detection method for a small-modulus non-90-degree crossed axis angle arc bevel gear, and belongs to the technical field of gear machining detection. The method comprises the steps that a detection device is prepared and comprises a meshing detection base and a meshing detection mandrel, an annular sliding guide rail and a circumferential dial are arranged on the meshing detection base, a first gear mounting table and a second gear mounting table are arranged on the guide rail in a sliding mode, and the meshing detection mandrel is rotationally mounted on the second gear mounting table; a first arc bevel gear is mounted on a first gear mounting table through a copper sleeve and locked through a nut; a second arc bevel gear is installed on a meshing detection mandrel and locked through a nut, and the other end of the mandrel is connected with a servo motor; adjusting the position of the gear mounting table to enable the gears to be meshed, and sliding the first gear mounting table to set a non-90-degree crossed axis angle; and starting a motor to rotate and mesh, and observing spot distribution. The method realizes flexible adjustment of the crossed axis angle, accurate positioning and portability, improves the detection accuracy and convenience, and is suitable for automobiles, motorcycles and national defense products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gear processing and inspection technology, and in particular to a method for detecting the meshing of paired bevel gears with small module, especially suitable for spot detection of bevel gears with module ≤1mm, addendum circle diameter ≤50mm, and non-90° shaft intersection angle. Background Technology

[0002] In modern manufacturing, bevel gears are widely used as important transmission components in automobiles, motorcycles, and defense products. These gears typically have small modules and tip circle diameters to meet the design requirements of compact mechanical systems. However, existing technologies have significant limitations when performing pairing and inspection on these small-module bevel gears after machining. Traditional rolling inspection machines are the main tools for gear inspection, but their design is primarily for medium or large module spur or helical bevel gears. For small-module bevel gears, especially workpieces with a module ≤1mm and tip circle diameter ≤Φ50mm, rolling inspection machines are often ineffective. This is because the mechanical structure of rolling inspection machines is usually quite large, with a large worktable, which easily leads to mechanical interference when installing small-sized gears. Especially when the gear shaft angle is not 90°, the angle adjustment mechanism of the rolling inspection machine is limited or completely fixed at 90°, unable to flexibly adjust to angles such as 77.4° or other non-standard angles, thus making the inspection process impossible or the results inaccurate.

[0003] Furthermore, existing gear rolling inspection machines are large and heavy, typically weighing tens or even hundreds of kilograms. This makes the equipment fixed in workshops or laboratories, with poor mobility, unable to meet the needs of on-site testing. On automotive and motorcycle production lines or at defense product assembly sites, users often require real-time pairing spot inspection of gears to verify whether the meshing area meets standards (e.g., uniform distribution of meshing contact spots, no abnormal wear). However, the bulkiness of traditional equipment makes transportation and carrying difficult, increasing logistics costs and time delays. At the same time, the limitations of gear rolling inspection machines on gear size further exacerbate the problem: for small-module bevel gears, the clamping and positioning systems of rolling inspection machines are often designed too crudely, unable to accurately fix workpieces with small addendum circles, leading to slippage, offset, or jamming during rotational inspection, affecting the accuracy of spot inspection. Spot inspection, as a key step in evaluating gear meshing quality, directly affects the efficiency, noise, and lifespan of the transmission system. Inaccurate inspection will lead to batch rework or malfunctions during use, causing economic losses. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to solve the problem of spot detection for small-module, non-90° axial angle bevel gears in the prior art, and to provide a method for spot detection of small-module, non-90° axial angle bevel gears. This method achieves axial angle adjustment through an annular sliding guide rail and a circumferential scale on the meshing detection seat, and achieves precise gear positioning and rotational meshing detection through components such as the meshing detection mandrel and copper sleeve, ensuring that the detection process is interference-free and jam-free, and is easy to carry.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for detecting spot patterns on small-module bevel gears with non-90° axial intersection angles includes the following steps: S1. Prepare a testing device, which includes a meshing testing seat and a meshing testing mandrel; the meshing testing seat is provided with an annular sliding guide rail, and a circumferential scale is provided on one side of the sliding guide rail; a first gear mounting platform and a second gear mounting platform are slidably mounted on the sliding guide rail, and the meshing testing mandrel is rotatably mounted on the second gear mounting platform; S2. Rotate the first bevel gear onto the first gear mounting table via the copper sleeve and lock it with a nut; S3. Install the second bevel gear onto the meshing detection mandrel and lock it with a nut. Connect the other end of the meshing detection mandrel to a servo motor to drive the bevel gear to rotate. S4. Adjust the positions of the first gear mounting platform and the second gear mounting platform to make the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear mesh, and slide the first gear mounting platform along the circumferential scale to set a non-90° axis intersection angle. S5. Start the motor to rotate and engage, and observe the distribution of spots.

[0006] Furthermore, in step S2, the copper sleeve is fitted onto the first arc bevel gear, and the tail end of the first arc bevel gear is axially locked by a nut.

[0007] Furthermore, the meshing detection mandrel is divided into two sections, including a first meshing mandrel and a second meshing mandrel. The second bevel gear is fixed to one end of the second meshing mandrel, and the other end of the second meshing mandrel is detachably connected to the first meshing mandrel via a thread. The first meshing mandrel is rotatably mounted on the second gear mounting platform via a bearing and is connected to the servo motor.

[0008] Furthermore, the end of the second meshing mandrel is provided with a pressure plate and bolts, and the second bevel gear is fitted onto the second meshing mandrel and is pressed and fixed by the pressure plate and bolts.

[0009] Furthermore, the first and second bevel gears are adjusted in axial position using shims during installation to ensure uniform meshing clearance.

[0010] Furthermore, the engagement detection seat is located at the bottom of the detection device and serves as the main frame, made of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy; the engagement detection mandrel is made of 40Cr alloy structural steel.

[0011] Furthermore, it is applicable to spot detection of bevel gears with a module ≤1mm and a tip circle diameter ≤50mm.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: First, this method achieves precise sliding adjustment of the shaft angle through the annular sliding guide rail and circumferential scale on the meshing detection seat. It can adapt to gear pairings with angles of 77.4° or other non-90° angles, avoiding the limitations of fixed angles in traditional rolling inspection machines. This not only solves the mechanical interference problem when inspecting small module gears but also ensures the stability of the meshing process and improves the accuracy of spot detection. For example, when inspecting bevel gears with a module ≤1mm, the adjustment range can reach 60°-120°, far exceeding the flexibility of existing equipment, thereby reducing detection errors and improving product qualification rates.

[0013] Secondly, the entire device uses 7075-T6 aluminum alloy as the main material for the meshing detection seat, with a density of only 2.8g / cm³, reducing weight by more than 70% compared to traditional steel. The total weight is controlled at around 4kg, making it easy for a single person to carry and store. This greatly improves the portability of the inspection, allowing users to conduct inspections at any time in production sites, customer locations, or outdoor environments without relying on fixed equipment. For example, on automotive and motorcycle assembly lines, operators can carry the device with them to perform instant spot verification of gears, shortening the inspection cycle and reducing logistics costs. Meanwhile, the meshing detection mandrel is made of 40Cr alloy structural steel, ensuring high strength and wear resistance, and preventing deformation during rotational meshing, maintaining the reliability of the inspection.

[0014] Furthermore, the combination of copper sleeves, shims, and pressure plates enables precise adjustment of the mounting distance. The shim thickness can be customized according to the actual gear dimensions, typically with an accuracy level of 0.01mm. This solves the tolerance sensitivity problem of small module gears, ensuring uniform meshing clearance and clearly visible spot distribution. Compared to traditional methods, this adjustment mechanism reduces human error, improves inspection efficiency, and provides a smooth, jam-free rotation process, making it suitable for high-precision defense product verification. In addition, the device integrates a servo motor drive, simplifying operation and requiring only a few minutes for assembly and testing, saving over 50% of the time compared to the complex installation of a rolling inspection machine.

[0015] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the detection device used in the method of this invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a top view of the engagement detection seat in this invention.

[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second meshing mandrel in this invention.

[0020] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Sectional view of AA.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first meshing mandrel in this invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the meshing detection mandrel in this invention.

[0023] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Meshing detection seat; 2-Sliding guide rail; 3-Second gear mounting platform; 4-First gear mounting platform; 5-Meshing detection mandrel; 6-First arc bevel gear; 7-Servo motor; 8-Circumferential scale; 9-Second arc bevel gear. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0025] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0026] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] Example 1 like Figures 1-7 The image shows a method for detecting spot patterns on small-module bevel gears with non-90° axial intersection angles, comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare the testing device, which includes a meshing testing seat 1 and a meshing testing mandrel 5. The meshing testing seat 1 is provided with an annular sliding guide rail 2, and a circumferential scale 8 is provided on one side of the sliding guide rail 2. A first gear mounting platform 4 and a second gear mounting platform 2 are slidably mounted on the sliding guide rail 2. The meshing testing mandrel 5 is rotatably mounted on the second gear mounting platform 3. The meshing testing mandrel 5 is divided into two sections, including a first meshing mandrel and a second meshing mandrel. The first meshing mandrel is rotatably mounted on the second gear mounting platform 3 through a tapered roller bearing and is connected to a servo motor 7. The servo motor 7 is located outside the meshing testing mandrel 5 and is used to provide rotational power. The other end of the second meshing mandrel is detachably connected to the first meshing mandrel through a thread. The end of the second meshing mandrel is provided with a pressure plate and an M8 socket head cap screw. The second bevel gear 9 is fitted onto the second meshing mandrel and is tightened by the pressure plate and the M8 socket head cap screw. The meshing testing seat 1 is located at the bottom of the testing device and serves as the main frame. It is made of a material with a density of 2.8 g / cm³. 3 Made of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy to reduce weight; the meshing detection mandrel 5 is made of 40Cr alloy structural steel to ensure high strength and wear resistance; the tapered roller bearing is installed at the connection between the meshing detection mandrel 5 and the second gear mounting platform 3, located in the middle of the mandrel, to reduce rotational friction and maintain stable positioning; it also includes a retaining ring, which is installed on the outside of the bearing to prevent axial detachment; the overall weight of the detection device is about 4kg, making it easy to carry.

[0028] S2. The first arc bevel gear 6 is rotatably mounted onto the first gear mounting platform 4 via a copper sleeve and locked with a nut. The copper sleeve is fitted onto the first arc bevel gear 6, and the tail end of the first arc bevel gear 6 is axially locked with an M24 nut. The copper sleeve is located between the first arc bevel gear 6 and the first gear mounting platform 4 to buffer contact and prevent wear. During installation, the axial position of the first arc bevel gear 6 and the second arc bevel gear 9 is adjusted by shims. The shims are located between the copper sleeve and the arc bevel gears. The thickness of the shims can be customized within the 0.01mm accuracy level according to the actual size of the gears to ensure uniform meshing clearance, prevent axial displacement, and improve the accuracy of spot detection.

[0029] S3. Install the second bevel gear 9 onto the meshing detection spindle 5. The other end of the meshing detection spindle 5 is connected to the servo motor 7 to drive the bevel gear to rotate. The second bevel gear 9 is fitted and fixed to one end of the second meshing spindle and is pressed and fixed by the pressure plate and M8 socket head cap screws.

[0030] S4. Adjust the positions of the first gear mounting platform 4 and the second gear mounting platform 3 so that the first bevel gear 6 and the second bevel gear 9 mesh, and slide the first gear mounting platform 4 along the circumferential scale 8 to set a non-90° axis intersection angle, such as 77.4°.

[0031] S5. Start the servo motor 7 to rotate and mesh, observe the spot distribution, and ensure that there is no jamming and the meshing is smooth during the rotation. The shim is used to adjust the installation distance of the mating gears. It is machined according to the actual installation of the mating gears to achieve the most reasonable installation distance size. The whole operation does not require special large equipment. The shaft intersection angle setting and spot detection can be completed by manual adjustment. It is suitable for bevel gears with module ≤1mm and tooth tip circle ≤Φ50mm, and achieves fast and accurate mating detection.

[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting spot patterns on small-module bevel gears with non-90° axial intersection angles, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Prepare a testing device, which includes a meshing testing seat and a meshing testing mandrel; the meshing testing seat is provided with an annular sliding guide rail, and a circumferential scale is provided on one side of the sliding guide rail; a first gear mounting platform and a second gear mounting platform are slidably mounted on the sliding guide rail, and the meshing testing mandrel is rotatably mounted on the second gear mounting platform; S2. Rotate the first bevel gear onto the first gear mounting table via the copper sleeve and lock it with a nut; S3. Install the second bevel gear onto the meshing detection mandrel and lock it with a nut. Connect the other end of the meshing detection mandrel to a servo motor to drive the bevel gear to rotate. S4. Adjust the positions of the first gear mounting platform and the second gear mounting platform to make the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear mesh, and slide the first gear mounting platform along the circumferential scale to set a non-90° axis intersection angle. S5. Start the motor to rotate and engage, and observe the distribution of spots.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the copper sleeve is fitted onto the first arc bevel gear, and the tail end of the first arc bevel gear is axially locked by a nut.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The meshing detection mandrel is divided into two sections, including a first meshing mandrel and a second meshing mandrel. The second bevel gear is fixed to one end of the second meshing mandrel, and the other end of the second meshing mandrel is detachably connected to the first meshing mandrel via a thread. The first meshing mandrel is rotatably mounted on the second gear mounting platform via a bearing and is connected to a servo motor.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The end of the second meshing mandrel is provided with a pressure plate and bolts, and the second arc bevel gear is fitted onto the second meshing mandrel and is pressed and fixed by the pressure plate and bolts.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During installation, the axial position of the first and second bevel gears is adjusted using shims to ensure uniform meshing clearance.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The engagement detection seat is located at the bottom of the detection device and serves as the main frame, made of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy; the engagement detection mandrel is made of 40Cr alloy structural steel.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is suitable for spot detection of bevel gears with a module ≤1mm and a tip circle diameter ≤50mm.

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