Electric vehicle charging and battery swapping cabinet with multiple battery compartments

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of charging and replacing cabinets, in particular to an electric vehicle charging and replacing cabinet with multiple battery compartments, which comprises a charging and replacing cabinet shell, a heat dissipation channel is arranged in the vertical direction inside the charging and replacing cabinet shell, and L-shaped shunt channels are symmetrically arranged inside the charging and replacing cabinet shell, and the heat dissipation channel is in communication with the bottom of the L-shaped shunt channels. The double air duct structure of the heat dissipation channel and the L-shaped shunt channels can flexibly adjust the operating state according to the season: in high temperature, the air flow efficiency can be improved by reducing the angle of the drainage plate and increasing the area of the external air outlet to quickly lead out the heat of the dense batteries in the multiple charging compartments; in low temperature, the air can be preheated and dehumidified by the electric heater of the preheating assembly and the multi-tooth plate of the moisture-absorbing resin, and the action of increasing the angle of the drainage plate and reducing the area of the external air outlet of the adjusting assembly can lead the residual heat in the heat dissipation channel into the charging compartment, which can maintain the activity of the uncharged batteries and avoid local overheating of the charging components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of charging and swapping cabinet technology, specifically to an electric vehicle charging and swapping cabinet with multi-layer battery compartments. Background Technology

[0002] As electric bicycles become the mainstream tool for short-distance urban travel and food delivery, users' demand for convenient charging is increasingly urgent. Charging and swapping cabinets, addressing the pain points of slow charging and significant safety hazards when brought into homes, have rapidly become core charging facilities in communities and delivery stations. Among them, multi-layered battery compartment charging and swapping cabinets, with their advantages of small footprint and large battery storage, can efficiently adapt to high-frequency battery swapping needs. These devices need to charge electric bicycle batteries of 48V, 60V, and 72V specifications in parallel. The continuous heat generated during battery charging, especially in high summer temperatures and low winter temperatures, places higher demands on the cabinet's thermal management capabilities. "Differentiated thermal adaptation for summer and winter" has become a core technical challenge.

[0003] Currently, the industry's heat dissipation design for multi-layer battery compartment electric vehicle charging and swapping cabinets is relatively basic. They generally adopt a single air duct structure of "top air intake + bottom air exhaust" or "single-side air intake + single-side air exhaust." Some devices simply add fixed air guides within each battery compartment to assist airflow. The air duct path and airflow adjustment are fixed, failing to adapt to the heat generation characteristics of densely arranged multi-layer batteries or the heat dissipation requirements of different seasons. Overall, the thermal management model is quite simplistic.

[0004] However, the core flaw of existing technology lies in the lack of a dynamic adjustment mechanism for electric vehicle charging and swapping scenarios: In summer, the densely arranged batteries generate a lot of heat, and the fixed air ducts and airflow cannot quickly dissipate the heat, which can easily lead to a sudden rise in the temperature inside the compartment, which not only accelerates the battery capacity decay but may also cause safety risks; In winter, it is necessary to avoid the safety impact of local heat accumulation on the charging batteries, and at the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the uncharged cold batteries maintain appropriate activity. However, the fixed thermal management mode cannot accurately balance "local heat dissipation" and "overall temperature maintenance", resulting in a decrease in the charging efficiency of some batteries and a shortened lifespan of some batteries due to overheating. Ultimately, it is difficult to meet the core needs of electric vehicle users for "rapid energy replenishment and safe and reliable operation". Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an electric vehicle charging and swapping cabinet with multi-layer battery compartments to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A preferred electric vehicle charging and swapping cabinet with multi-layer battery compartments includes a charging and swapping cabinet shell. The interior of the charging and swapping cabinet shell has a vertically arranged heat dissipation channel, and the interior of the charging and swapping cabinet shell also has symmetrically arranged L-shaped diversion channels. The bottom of the heat dissipation channel is connected to the bottom of the L-shaped diversion channel. Multiple charging compartments are symmetrically and evenly arranged inside the charging and swapping cabinet shell. One side of each charging compartment has an internal air inlet connected to the L-shaped diversion channel, and the other side of each charging compartment has an internal air outlet connected to the heat dissipation channel. A T-shaped air inlet is fixedly connected to the top of the battery swapping cabinet shell. The bottom of the T-shaped air inlet penetrates the top wall of the battery swapping cabinet shell and extends into the interior of the heat dissipation channel. A cooling fan is fixedly connected to the bottom of the T-shaped air inlet via a bracket. An external exhaust port communicating with the bottom of the heat dissipation channel is opened on one side of the battery swapping cabinet shell. A heat insulation groove is opened on the top of the battery swapping cabinet shell. The T-shaped air inlet is embedded in the heat insulation groove. A guide plate is symmetrically hinged inside the internal air inlet. A sealing plate is slidably installed on the inner side of the external exhaust port. The charging and swapping cabinet housing is equipped with an adjustment component inside. The adjustment component is used to drive the flow guide plate to rotate around the hinge axis to adjust the air intake volume, and to drive the sealing plate to slide along the length direction of the charging and swapping cabinet housing to adjust the exhaust volume. The T-shaped air inlet is equipped with a preheating component, which is used to heat and dehumidify the air passing through the T-shaped air inlet. A control component is provided at one end of the charging and swapping cabinet housing. The control component is used to detect temperature changes in various areas inside the charging and swapping cabinet housing and to adjust the working state of the preheating component to regulate the internal ambient temperature.

[0007] Preferably, the adjusting assembly includes an adjusting slide rod fixedly connected inside the L-shaped diversion channel, an adjusting rod slidably connected to one end of the adjusting slide rod, a plurality of adjusting racks uniformly fixedly connected to one side of the adjusting rod along the length direction, and an adjusting gear fixedly connected to one end of the diversion plate, the adjusting gear meshing with the adjusting racks for transmission.

[0008] Preferably, the adjustment assembly further includes a double-layer synchronous pulley rotatably connected to the top of the charging / swapping cabinet housing via bearings. An adjustment screw is rotatably connected to the inside of the L-shaped diversion channel via bearings. One end of the adjustment screw is threadedly connected to an adjustment rod. The top end of the adjustment screw penetrates the top wall of the charging / swapping cabinet housing and is fixedly connected to a single-layer synchronous pulley. A pair of synchronous belts are fitted around the outer circumference of the double-layer synchronous pulley. The other ends of the two synchronous belts are respectively fitted around the outer circumference of the two single-layer synchronous pulleys. An adjustment motor is fixedly connected to the top of the charging / swapping cabinet housing via bolts. The output end of the adjustment motor is fixedly connected to the central axis of the double-layer synchronous pulley.

[0009] Preferably, the adjustment assembly further includes sealing slide rods symmetrically fixedly connected to the bottom of the L-shaped diversion channel. One end of the two sealing slide rods is slidably connected to an L-shaped connecting rod via a slider. One end of the L-shaped connecting rod extends into the interior of the heat dissipation channel and is welded and fixed to the sealing plate. The other end of the L-shaped connecting rod is fixedly connected to a first transmission rack, and a transmission gear meshes on one side of the first transmission rack.

[0010] Preferably, the adjusting assembly further includes a transmission rod fixedly connected to the bottom of the adjusting rod. The bottom of the transmission rod is rotatably connected to the transmission gear via a bearing. A second transmission rack is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the L-shaped diversion channel, and the second transmission rack meshes with the transmission gear for transmission.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom of the charging compartment is uniformly and fixedly connected with multiple heat dissipation support strips, and an air duct is formed between two adjacent heat dissipation support strips. The air duct connects the internal air inlet and the internal air outlet. Multiple heat dissipation fins are uniformly and fixedly connected to the outer wall of the charging compartment near the heat dissipation channel along the length of the charging cabinet shell.

[0012] Preferably, the preheating component includes electric heaters symmetrically fixedly connected to the top of the T-shaped air inlet, a moisture-absorbing resin multi-tooth plate detachably provided on the top of the T-shaped air inlet, the moisture-absorbing resin multi-tooth plate being installed between two electric heaters, and a water-blocking plate symmetrically fixedly connected to the bottom of the T-shaped air inlet.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the T-shaped air inlet has a material replacement port, the inside of which is hinged a material replacement cover plate. The top of the material replacement cover plate has a top ventilation port, and a filter screen is fixedly connected inside the top ventilation port. The bottom of the material replacement cover plate has symmetrical slots, and the two ends of the moisture-absorbing resin multi-tooth plate are correspondingly inserted into the slots. The bottom of the material replacement cover plate is hooked with a tension spring, and the other end of the tension spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the T-shaped air inlet to keep the material replacement cover plate in a closed state.

[0014] Preferably, the control component includes a controller fixedly connected to one side of the charging / swapping cabinet housing by bolts, an external temperature sensor fixedly connected to the outer wall of the charging / swapping cabinet housing, a speaker fixedly connected to one side of the charging / swapping cabinet housing, an internal temperature sensor one fixedly connected to the inner wall of the charging compartment, and an internal temperature sensor two fixedly connected to the bottom of the heat dissipation channel. The controller is electrically connected to the external temperature sensor, the speaker, the internal temperature sensor one, and the internal temperature sensor two, respectively, to receive temperature signals and control the speaker to output battery information inside the charging compartment.

[0015] Preferably, a lighting lamp is fixedly connected to the top of the charging and swapping cabinet housing, and a solar panel module is fixedly connected to the top of the charging and swapping cabinet housing via a bracket. The lighting lamp is located below the solar panel module. The solar panel module has a built-in solar energy storage power supply unit, which is electrically connected to the controller and the speaker to provide working power.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention, through the coordinated use of adjustment components, preheating components, and control components, combined with a dual-air duct structure of heat dissipation channels and L-shaped diversion channels, can flexibly adjust its operating state according to the season: at high temperatures, it can improve air circulation efficiency by reducing the angle of the guide plate and increasing the area of ​​the external exhaust vent, quickly dissipating the heat from the densely packed batteries in the multi-layer charging compartment, avoiding capacity decay or safety risks caused by high temperatures; at low temperatures, it can also achieve air preheating and dehumidification through the electric heater of the preheating component and the multi-toothed plate of moisture-absorbing resin, and with the action of the adjustment component increasing the angle of the guide plate and reducing the area of ​​the external exhaust vent, it can introduce the residual heat in the heat dissipation channel into the charging compartment, maintaining the activity of uncharged batteries and avoiding local overheating of charging components.

[0017] 2. This invention adopts a dual-airflow structure of vertical heat dissipation channel and symmetrical L-shaped diversion channel, combined with the airflow channel formed by heat dissipation support strips in the charging compartment, to construct a dual path of external surrounding heat exchange and internal through-flow heat exchange: after the air enters through the T-shaped air inlet, part of it is attached to the outer periphery of the charging compartment and heat dissipation fins for heat exchange along the heat dissipation channel, and part of it enters the interior of the charging compartment through the L-shaped diversion channel and the diversion plate to directly contact the battery, and finally is discharged through the external exhaust port, covering all multi-layer charging compartments, effectively reducing heat dissipation blind spots and improving overall heat exchange efficiency.

[0018] 3. This invention achieves synchronous rotation of the adjusting screws on both sides through a double-layer synchronous pulley and synchronous belt, and a single-layer synchronous pulley, driving the adjusting rod to slide along the adjusting slide bar, and then controlling the angle of the diversion plate through the adjusting rack and adjusting gear; at the same time, the adjusting rod is linked with the transmission rod, transmission gear, first transmission rack, and second transmission rack through a linkage design, driving the sealing plate to adjust the area of ​​the external exhaust port, realizing the coordinated adaptation of the air intake and exhaust volume, and reducing the airflow turbulence caused by single adjustment. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the charging and swapping cabinet in this invention; Figure 2This is a front sectional view of the charging and swapping cabinet housing in this invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a side sectional view of the charging and swapping cabinet housing in this invention; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the adjustment component in this invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the adjusting rod in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the transmission gear and the first and second transmission racks in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the charging compartment in this invention; Figure 10 This is an exploded view of the internal structure of the T-shaped air inlet in this invention; The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Charging / swapping cabinet housing; 2. Heat dissipation channel; 3. L-shaped diversion channel; 4. Charging compartment; 5. Internal air inlet; 6. Internal air outlet; 7. T-shaped air inlet; 8. Cooling fan; 9. External air outlet; 10. Heat insulation groove; 11. Diversion plate; 12. Sealing plate; 13. Adjusting slide bar; 14. Adjusting rod; 15. Adjusting rack; 16. Adjusting gear; 17. Double-layer synchronous pulley; 18. Single-layer synchronous pulley; 19. Synchronous belt; 20. Adjusting motor; 21. Sealing slide bar; 22. L-shaped connecting rod; 23. First transmission. 24. Rack; 25. Transmission gear; 26. Transmission rod; 27. Second transmission rack; 28. Heat dissipation support bar; 29. ​​Heat dissipation fins; 30. Electric heater; 31. Moisture-absorbing resin multi-tooth plate; 32. Water-blocking plate; 33. Material changing port; 34. Material changing cover plate; 35. Top vent; 36. Filter screen; 37. Tension spring; 38. Controller; 39. External temperature sensor; 40. Speaker; 41. Internal temperature sensor one; 42. Internal temperature sensor two; 43. Lighting lamp; 44. Solar panel module; 45. Adjusting screw; 46. Slot. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] A charging and swapping cabinet for electric vehicles with multi-layer battery compartments is disclosed. The charging and swapping cabinet belongs to the field of battery replenishment equipment in the field of charging and swapping cabinet technology. It is specifically used for multi-layer storage and charging and swapping of batteries for electric vehicles or electric bicycles, and integrates seasonal dynamic thermal management and intelligent environmental control functions.

[0022] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the device includes a charging / swapping cabinet housing 1. A heat dissipation channel 2 is vertically arranged inside the charging / swapping cabinet housing 1, and L-shaped diversion channels 3 are symmetrically arranged inside the housing. The bottom of the heat dissipation channel 2 and the L-shaped diversion channels 3 are connected. Multiple charging compartments 4 are symmetrically and evenly arranged inside the charging / swapping cabinet housing 1. One side of each charging compartment 4 has an internal air inlet 5 connected to the L-shaped diversion channels 3, and the other side of each charging compartment 4 has an internal air outlet 6 connected to the heat dissipation channel 2. The top of the charging / swapping cabinet housing 1 is fixedly connected to... The bottom of the T-shaped air inlet 7 penetrates the top wall of the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1 and extends into the interior of the heat dissipation channel 2. The bottom of the T-shaped air inlet 7 is fixedly connected to the heat dissipation fan 8 by a bracket. An external exhaust port 9 is opened on one side of the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1, which communicates with the bottom of the heat dissipation channel 2. A heat insulation groove 10 is opened on the top of the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1. The T-shaped air inlet 7 is embedded in the heat insulation groove 10. A guide plate 11 is symmetrically hinged inside the internal air inlet 5. A sealing plate 12 is slidably provided on the inner side of the external exhaust port 9. An adjustment component is provided inside the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1. The adjustment component is used to drive the air intake plate 11 to rotate around the hinge axis to adjust the air intake volume, and to drive the sealing plate 12 to slide along the length direction of the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1 to adjust the exhaust volume. The T-shaped air inlet 7 is equipped with a preheating component, which is used to heat and dehumidify the air passing through the T-shaped air inlet 7. A control component is provided at one end of the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1. The control component is used to detect the temperature changes in various areas inside the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1 and to adjust the working state of the preheating component to regulate the internal ambient temperature.

[0023] In use, firstly, the cooling fan 8 is started and flowing air is introduced into the interior of the cooling channel 2 through the T-shaped air inlet 7. When the flowing air passes through the interior of the cooling channel 2, it comes into contact with the outer periphery of the charging compartment 4 for heat exchange. Most of the air after heat exchange is discharged through the external exhaust vent 9 to achieve initial heat dissipation and cooling of the interior of the charging cabinet shell 1. When the air flows vertically to the bottom of the cooling channel 2, some of the air impacts the bottom of the cooling channel 2 and flows into the interior of the L-shaped diversion channel 3. It then flows upward along the interior of the L-shaped diversion channel 3 and finally passes through the internal air inlet 5 under the guidance of the guide plate 11 to enter the interior of the charging compartment 4. It comes into contact with the battery body in the charging compartment 4 for heat exchange. Then, the air after heat exchange passes through the internal exhaust vent 6 and re-enters the interior of the cooling channel 2. It is discharged through the external exhaust vent 9 along with most of the air. This drives the air to circulate in multiple charging compartments 4, reducing heat dissipation blind spots. The operating mode can be adjusted according to seasonal changes: In winter, the battery needs a certain amount of heat preservation, especially at low temperatures where battery activity decreases and charging efficiency decreases. However, local heat generation occurs during charging, such as in the battery cells and charging modules, which require heat dissipation to avoid overheating. In this case, the control component first monitors the temperature change inside the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1. When the temperature inside the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1 is lower than the preset value, the preheating component is triggered to heat and dehumidify the air passing through the T-shaped air inlet 7 to prevent condensation from affecting the equipment. The preheated and dehumidified air is then input into the heat dissipation channel 2 through the cooling fan 8 to preheat and raise the temperature of the working environment inside the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1. Then, when the working environment temperature inside the charging cabinet shell 1 reaches the preset value, and the control component detects local overheating in the heat dissipation channel 2 and the charging compartment 4, the preheating component is turned off, and the adjustment component is activated to increase the angle of the guide plate 11 to increase the airflow into the charging compartment 4. At the same time, the sealing plate 12 on the inner side of the external exhaust port 9 is reduced to reduce the air outlet area of ​​the external exhaust port 9. This allows more hot airflow after heat exchange passing through the heat dissipation channel 2 to be introduced into the charging compartment 4 by increasing the angle of the guide plate 11, using the residual heat after heat dissipation to maintain the local temperature. At the same time, the heat loss inside the charging cabinet shell 1 is reduced by reducing the air outlet area of ​​the external exhaust port 9, while retaining some airflow to avoid heat accumulation and maintaining a balance between heat preservation and heat dissipation. In summer, it is necessary to maximize heat dissipation efficiency. At this time, by activating the adjustment component, the angle of the air diversion plate 11 is reduced to decrease the amount of air entering the charging compartment 4. At the same time, the sealing plate 12 is driven to increase the air outlet area of ​​the external exhaust port 9, allowing more air to pass through the heat dissipation channel 2 and be directly discharged through the external exhaust port 9, thereby improving the air circulation efficiency inside and outside the charging and swapping cabinet shell 1 and improving the heat dissipation effect.

[0024] like Figures 2-9As shown, the adjustment assembly includes an adjustment slide rod 13 fixedly connected inside the L-shaped diversion channel 3. One end of the adjustment slide rod 13 is slidably connected to an adjustment rod 14. A plurality of adjustment racks 15 are evenly fixedly connected to one side of the adjustment rod 14 along the length direction. One end of the diversion plate 11 is fixedly connected to an adjustment gear 16, and the adjustment gear 16 meshes with the adjustment racks 15 for transmission. The adjustment assembly also includes a double-layer synchronous wheel 17 rotatably connected to the top of the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1 via bearings. An adjustment screw 44 is rotatably connected to the inside of the L-shaped diversion channel 3 via bearings. One end of the adjustment screw 44 is threadedly connected to the adjustment rod 14. The top end of the adjustment screw 44 penetrates the top wall of the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1 and is fixedly connected to a single-layer synchronous wheel 18. A pair of synchronous belts 19 are sleeved on the outer periphery of the double-layer synchronous wheel 17. The other ends of the two synchronous belts 19 are respectively sleeved on the outer periphery of the two single-layer synchronous wheels 18. An adjustment motor 20 is fixedly connected to the top of the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1 via bolts. The output end of the adjustment motor 20 is fixedly connected to the central shaft of the double-layer synchronous wheel 17. Furthermore, the adjustment assembly also includes sealing slide rods 21 that are symmetrically fixedly connected to the bottom of the L-shaped diversion channel 3. One end of the two sealing slide rods 21 is slidably connected to an L-shaped connecting rod 22 via a slider. One end of the L-shaped connecting rod 22 extends into the interior of the heat dissipation channel 2 and is welded and fixed to the sealing plate 12. The other end of the L-shaped connecting rod 22 is fixedly connected to a first transmission rack 23. A transmission gear 24 meshes on one side of the first transmission rack 23. Furthermore, the adjustment assembly also includes a transmission rod 25 fixedly connected to the bottom of the adjustment rod 14. The bottom of the transmission rod 25 is rotatably connected to the transmission gear 24 via a bearing. A second transmission rack 26 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the L-shaped diversion channel 3. The second transmission rack 26 meshes with the transmission gear 24 for transmission. Furthermore, multiple heat dissipation support strips 27 are uniformly fixedly connected to the inner bottom of the charging compartment 4, and a duct is formed between two adjacent heat dissipation support strips 27. The duct connects the internal air inlet 5 and the internal air outlet 6. Multiple heat dissipation fins 28 are uniformly fixedly connected to the outer wall of the charging compartment 4 near the heat dissipation channel 2 along the length of the charging cabinet shell 1.

[0025] When in use, when it is necessary to adjust the air intake and exhaust volume to adapt to seasonal or temperature changes, start the adjustment motor 20 to drive the double-layer synchronous pulley 17 to rotate. Through a pair of synchronous belts 19 sleeved on the outer periphery of the double-layer synchronous pulley 17, the single-layer synchronous pulleys 18 on both sides are driven to rotate synchronously. Since the single-layer synchronous pulley 18 is fixedly connected to the adjustment screw 44 and the adjustment screw 44 is threadedly connected to the adjustment rod 14, the rotation of the adjustment screw 44 will be converted into the linear sliding of the adjustment rod 14 along the adjustment slide rod 13. As the adjusting rod 14 slides, the adjusting rack 15 on one side meshes with the adjusting gear 16 at one end of the guide plate 11, driving the guide plate 11 to rotate around the hinge axis, thereby adjusting the air intake of the internal air inlet 5: that is, when the adjusting rod 14 slides upward, the adjusting rack 15 drives the adjusting gear 16 to rotate clockwise, the angle of the guide plate 11 increases, and the air intake increases; when the adjusting rod 14 slides downward, the angle of the guide plate 11 decreases, and the air intake decreases. Simultaneously, when the adjusting rod 14 slides, it drives the transmission rod 25 at the bottom to move synchronously. The bottom of the transmission rod 25 is rotatably connected to the transmission gear 24 through a bearing, and the transmission gear 24 simultaneously meshes with the first transmission rack 23 on the L-shaped connecting rod 22 and the second transmission rack 26 on the inner side wall of the L-shaped diversion channel 3. When the transmission rod 25 moves with the adjusting rod 14, the transmission gear 24 rolls along the second transmission rack 26, thereby driving the first transmission rack 23 and the L-shaped connecting rod 22 to slide along the sealing slide rod 21. Since one end of the L-shaped connecting rod 22 is fixedly connected to the sealing plate 12, the sliding of the L-shaped connecting rod 22 will drive the sealing plate 12 to move along the length direction of the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1, thereby adjusting the exhaust volume of the external exhaust port 9: when the L-shaped connecting rod 22 moves into the heat dissipation channel 2, the sealing plate 12 reduces the area of ​​the external exhaust port 9, and the exhaust volume decreases; conversely, the exhaust volume increases. In addition, the heat dissipation support strip 27 at the bottom of the charging compartment 4 can not only support the battery, but the airflow channel formed between them can also guide the air to pass through the interior of the charging compartment 4 quickly, improving the heat exchange efficiency with the battery; while the heat dissipation fins 28 on the side of the charging compartment 4 near the heat dissipation channel 2 can increase the contact area between the charging compartment 4 and the air in the heat dissipation channel 2, enhance the external heat exchange effect, and further improve the overall heat dissipation performance.

[0026] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 10 As shown, the preheating component includes electric heaters 29 symmetrically fixedly connected to the top of the T-shaped air inlet 7. A moisture-absorbing resin multi-tooth plate 30 is detachably provided on the top of the T-shaped air inlet 7. The moisture-absorbing resin multi-tooth plate 30 is installed between the two electric heaters 29. A water-blocking plate 31 is symmetrically fixedly connected to the bottom of the T-shaped air inlet 7. The top of the T-shaped air inlet 7 is provided with a material exchange port 32, and a material exchange cover plate 33 is hinged inside the material exchange port 32. The top of the material exchange cover plate 33 is provided with a top ventilation port 34, and a filter screen 35 is fixedly connected inside the top ventilation port 34. The bottom of the material exchange cover plate 33 is provided with symmetrical slots 45. The two ends of the moisture-absorbing resin multi-tooth plate 30 are inserted into the slots 45 respectively. The bottom of the material exchange cover plate 33 is hooked with a tension spring 36, and the other end of the tension spring 36 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the T-shaped air inlet 7 to keep the material exchange cover plate 33 in a closed state.

[0027] In use, firstly, a water-blocking plate 31 is set to prevent external rainwater from flowing directly into the heat dissipation channel 2 through the T-shaped air inlet 7. When the control component detects that the internal temperature of the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1 is too low and preheating and dehumidifying the incoming air is required, the electric heater 29 is activated to heat the air passing through the T-shaped air inlet 7, raising the air temperature to a range suitable for the internal environment of the cabinet. Then, the heated air flows through the moisture-absorbing resin multi-tooth plate 30 between the two electric heaters 29. The moisture-absorbing resin multi-tooth plate 30 uses its own adsorption properties to remove moisture from the air, preventing condensation from forming in the heat dissipation channel 2 or charging chamber 4 under low temperature conditions, which could damage electrical components or batteries. Finally, the preheated air enters the heat dissipation channel 2 under the drive of the heat dissipation fan 8, raising the internal environment of the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1 and ensuring that the battery operates at a suitable temperature. When it is necessary to improve the air circulation efficiency inside and outside the charging and swapping cabinet 1 and enhance the heat dissipation effect in summer, the staff can lift up the replacement cover 33 inside the replacement port 32. At this time, the tension spring 36 at the bottom of the replacement cover 33 is stretched. When the replacement cover 33 is released, the tension spring 36 can pull the replacement cover 33 back to its original position and close by its own elasticity, ensuring the sealing of the replacement port 32. Then, the moisture-absorbing resin multi-tooth plate 30 is taken out from the slot 45 at the bottom of the replacement cover 33, so that the outside air enters the T-shaped air inlet 7 through the top ventilation port 34 at the top of the replacement cover 33. The air first passes through the filter screen 35 in the top ventilation port 34 to filter out dust and impurities, preventing pollutants from entering the cabinet and affecting the equipment or battery life.

[0028] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the control assembly includes a controller 37 fixedly connected to one side of the charging cabinet housing 1 by bolts, an external temperature sensor 38 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the charging cabinet housing 1, a speaker 39 fixedly connected to one side of the charging cabinet housing 1, an internal temperature sensor 40 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the charging compartment 4, and an internal temperature sensor 41 fixedly connected to the bottom of the heat dissipation channel 2. The controller 37 is electrically connected to the external temperature sensor 38, the speaker 39, the internal temperature sensor 40, and the internal temperature sensor 41 to receive temperature signals and control the speaker 39 to output battery information inside the charging compartment 4. The top of the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1 is fixedly connected to a lighting lamp 42, and the top of the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1 is fixedly connected to a solar panel module 43 via a bracket. The lighting lamp 42 is located below the solar panel module 43. The solar panel module 43 has a built-in solar energy storage power supply unit, which is electrically connected to the controller 37 and the speaker 39 to provide working power.

[0029] During use, the controller 37 works in conjunction with various components: the external temperature sensor 38 on the outer wall of the charging cabinet housing 1 monitors the ambient temperature in real time; the internal temperature sensor 40 on the inner wall of the charging compartment 4 monitors the temperature of the battery in each charging compartment 4; and the internal temperature sensor 41 at the bottom of the heat dissipation channel 2 monitors the temperature of the airflow in the heat dissipation channel 2. The three sensors transmit the collected temperature signals to the controller 37 in real time. The controller 37 analyzes and processes the temperature signal: when it detects that the outside temperature is too low or the internal temperature of the cabinet is not up to standard, it triggers the preheating component to start and controls the electric heater 29 to preheat the air; when it detects that the internal temperature of the cabinet is too high or the battery in the charging compartment 4 is locally overheated, it adjusts the regulating component to adjust the angle of the air intake plate 11 and the position of the sealing plate 12 to optimize the airflow and achieve heat dissipation; when it detects that the battery in the charging compartment 4 has an abnormal temperature, the controller 37 will control the speaker 39 on one side of the charging cabinet shell 1 to sound an alarm, and at the same time output the abnormal information of the battery in the charging compartment 4 to remind the staff to check and deal with it in time to ensure the safety of the equipment and the battery. In addition, the solar panel module 43 on the top of the charging and swapping cabinet housing 1 absorbs solar energy during the day and stores the electrical energy through the built-in solar energy storage power supply unit to provide working power for the controller 37 and speaker 39, reducing dependence on external mains power and reducing energy consumption; while the lighting 42 below the solar panel module 43 can be automatically turned on at night or in dim light environments to provide lighting for staff to maintain equipment and users to replace batteries, improving ease of use.

[0030] The working principle of the electric vehicle charging and swapping cabinet with multi-layer battery compartments provided by this invention is as follows: First, the cooling fan 8 is started and flowing air is introduced into the interior of the cooling channel 2 through the T-shaped air inlet 7. When the flowing air passes through the interior of the cooling channel 2, it comes into contact with the outer periphery of the charging compartment 4 for heat exchange. Most of the air after heat exchange is discharged through the external exhaust port 9 to achieve preliminary heat dissipation and cooling of the interior of the charging cabinet shell 1. Meanwhile, after some air flows to the bottom of the heat dissipation channel 2, it is split due to the airflow hitting the bottom wall and flows into the symmetrically arranged L-shaped diversion channel 3, and flows upward along the L-shaped diversion channel 3; when the airflow reaches the internal air inlet 5, it passes through the internal air inlet 5 and enters the charging compartment 4 under the guidance of the diversion plate 11, and flows quickly along the diversion air channel between the bottom heat dissipation support strips 27 in the charging compartment 4, directly contacting and exchanging heat with the battery body in the charging compartment 4, and taking away the heat generated by the battery charging; the air after heat exchange flows back to the heat dissipation channel 2 through the internal exhaust vent 6 on the other side of the charging compartment 4, and is discharged through the external exhaust vent 9 along with the mainstream air, forming a dual heat exchange cycle of external flow around and internal flow through, covering all charging compartments 4 and reducing heat dissipation blind spots; During winter operation, when the external temperature sensor 38 in the control component detects that the outside temperature is lower than the preset value, and the internal temperature sensor 40 detects that the temperature inside the charging compartment 4 is lower than the battery activity threshold, the controller 37 triggers the winter mode: First, the electric heater 29 is activated to heat the air passing through the T-shaped air inlet 7, raising the air temperature to a range suitable for the internal environment of the cabinet. Then, the heated air flows through the moisture-absorbing resin multi-tooth plate 30 between the two electric heaters 29. The moisture-absorbing resin multi-tooth plate 30 uses its own adsorption properties to remove moisture from the air, preventing condensation from forming in the heat dissipation channel 2 or the charging compartment 4 in low-temperature environments, which could damage electrical components or the battery. Finally, the preheated air enters the heat dissipation channel 2 under the drive of the heat dissipation fan 8, raising the temperature of the internal environment of the charging cabinet housing 1 until the internal temperature sensor 41 detects that the temperature inside the heat dissipation channel 2 has reached the preset value. Then, when the internal temperature of the cabinet reaches the standard, if the internal temperature sensor 40 detects that the battery in a certain charging compartment 4 is overheated due to charging, the controller 37 shuts off the electric heater 29 and starts the adjustment component: the output shaft of the adjustment motor 20 drives the double-layer synchronous wheel 17 to rotate, and through the synchronous belt 19 sleeved on its outer periphery, synchronously drives the single-layer synchronous wheel 18 on both sides and the adjustment screw 44 fixedly connected to it to rotate. The adjustment screw 44 is threadedly connected to the adjustment rod 14, and the rotational motion is converted into the upward sliding of the adjustment rod 14 along the adjustment slide 13. The adjustment rack 15 on one side of the adjustment rod 14 meshes with the adjustment gear 16 at one end of the diversion plate 11, driving the diversion plate 11 to rotate clockwise around the hinge axis, increasing the opening angle of the internal air inlet 5, increasing the air volume entering the charging compartment 4, and strengthening local heat dissipation; At the same time, the adjusting rod 14 drives the transmission rod 25 to move downwards synchronously. The transmission gear 24 at the bottom of the transmission rod 25 rolls along the second transmission rack 26 on the inner side wall of the L-shaped diversion channel 3. Since the transmission gear 24 meshes with the first transmission rack 23 on the L-shaped connecting rod 22, it drives the L-shaped connecting rod 22 to slide along the sealing slide rod 21 into the heat dissipation channel 2. The L-shaped connecting rod 22 drives the sealing plate 12 fixedly connected to it to move synchronously, reducing the air outlet area of ​​the external exhaust port 9 and reducing the heat loss inside the cabinet. At this time, more heat exchanged hot airflow is introduced into the charging chamber 4 through the diversion plate 11, using residual heat to maintain the temperature of the uncharged battery and achieve a balance between heat preservation and local heat dissipation. During summer operation, when the external temperature sensor 38 detects that the outside temperature is higher than the preset value, and the internal temperature sensor 41 detects that the temperature inside the heat dissipation channel 2 exceeds the heat dissipation threshold, the controller 37 triggers the summer mode, with the core objective of maximizing heat dissipation efficiency. First, ensure that the electric heater 29 is not working to avoid generating extra heat. If the moisture-absorbing resin multi-tooth plate 30 does not need dehumidification, it can be removed through the material exchange port 32 to reduce airflow resistance. Then, adjust the motor 20 to run in reverse, driving the double-layer synchronous pulley 17, synchronous belt 19, and single-layer synchronous pulley 18 to rotate in reverse, thereby causing the adjusting screw 44 to rotate in reverse, driving the adjusting rod 14 to slide down along the adjusting slide bar 13, and the adjusting rack 15 to drive the adjusting gear 16 to rotate counterclockwise, reducing the angle of the guide plate 11, reducing the amount of air entering the charging chamber 4, and preventing too much hot air after heat exchange from entering the chamber. At the same time, the adjusting rod 14 drives the transmission rod 25 to move downward, and the transmission gear 24 rolls in the opposite direction along the second transmission rack 26, driving the L-shaped connecting rod 22 to slide along the sealing slide bar 21 in a direction away from the heat dissipation channel 2, thereby driving the sealing plate 12 to move, increasing the air outlet area of ​​the external exhaust port 9, so that more air can flow quickly along the heat dissipation channel 2 under the drive of the heat dissipation fan 8 and be directly discharged through the external exhaust port 9, reducing the residence time of the airflow in the cabinet, improving the efficiency of internal and external air exchange, and quickly removing the heat from the outer periphery and interior of the charging compartment 4, avoiding high temperature heat accumulation.

[0031] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A charging and swapping cabinet for electric vehicles with multi-layer battery compartments, characterized in that: The charging and swapping cabinet includes a housing (1), and the charging and swapping cabinet housing (1) has a heat dissipation channel (2) arranged vertically inside, and an L-shaped diversion channel (3) arranged symmetrically inside. The heat dissipation channel (2) is connected to the bottom of the L-shaped diversion channel (3). The charging cabinet housing (1) has multiple charging compartments (4) symmetrically and evenly distributed inside. One side of the charging compartment (4) has an internal air inlet (5) connected to the L-shaped diversion channel (3), and the other side has an internal air outlet (6) connected to the heat dissipation channel (2). The top of the charging and swapping cabinet housing (1) is fixed with a T-shaped air inlet (7), and the bottom of the T-shaped air inlet (7) penetrates through the top wall of the charging and swapping cabinet housing (1) to the heat dissipation channel (2). A heat dissipation fan (8) is provided at the bottom. The charging and swapping cabinet housing (1) has an external exhaust port (9) on one side that is connected to the bottom of the heat dissipation channel (2), and a heat insulation groove (10) on the top. The T-shaped air inlet (7) is embedded in the heat insulation groove (10). The internal air inlet (5) is symmetrically hinged with a flow guide plate (11), and the external air outlet (9) is provided with a sealing plate (12) on the inner side. An adjustment component is provided inside the charging and swapping cabinet housing (1), a preheating component is provided inside the T-shaped air inlet (7), and a control component is provided at one end of the charging and swapping cabinet housing (1). The adjustment assembly includes an adjustment slide rod (13) fixedly connected inside the L-shaped diversion channel (3), an adjustment rod (14) slidably connected to one end of the adjustment slide rod (13), a plurality of adjustment racks (15) uniformly fixedly connected to one side of the adjustment rod (14) along the length direction, and an adjustment gear (16) fixedly connected to one end of the diversion plate (11), the adjustment gear (16) meshing with the adjustment rack (15) for transmission; The adjustment assembly also includes a double-layer synchronous wheel (17) rotatably connected to the top of the charging and swapping cabinet housing (1) via a bearing. An adjustment screw (44) is rotatably connected to the inside of the L-shaped diversion channel (3) via a bearing. One end of the adjustment screw (44) is threadedly connected to the adjustment rod (14). The top end of the adjustment screw (44) penetrates the top wall of the charging and swapping cabinet housing (1) and is fixedly connected to a single-layer synchronous wheel (18). A pair of synchronous belts (19) are sleeved on the outer periphery of the double-layer synchronous wheel (17). The other ends of the two synchronous belts (19) are respectively sleeved on the outer periphery of the two single-layer synchronous wheels (18). An adjustment motor (20) is fixedly connected to the top of the charging and swapping cabinet housing (1) via bolts. The output end of the adjustment motor (20) is fixedly connected to the central axis of the double-layer synchronous wheel (17). The adjustment assembly also includes sealing slide rods (21) symmetrically fixedly connected to the bottom of the L-shaped diversion channel (3). One end of the two sealing slide rods (21) is slidably connected to an L-shaped connecting rod (22) via a slider. One end of the L-shaped connecting rod (22) extends into the interior of the heat dissipation channel (2) and is fixedly connected to the sealing plate (12). The other end of the L-shaped connecting rod (22) is fixedly connected to a first transmission rack (23). A transmission gear (24) meshes on one side of the first transmission rack (23).

2. The electric vehicle charging and swapping cabinet with multi-layer battery compartments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly also includes a transmission rod (25) fixedly connected to the bottom of the adjustment rod (14). The bottom of the transmission rod (25) is rotatably connected to the transmission gear (24) through a bearing. The inner wall of the L-shaped diversion channel (3) is fixedly connected to a second transmission rack (26), which meshes with the transmission gear (24) for transmission.

3. The electric vehicle charging and swapping cabinet with multi-layer battery compartments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the charging compartment (4) is uniformly and fixedly connected with multiple heat dissipation support strips (27), and a duct is formed between two adjacent heat dissipation support strips (27). The duct connects the internal air inlet (5) and the internal air outlet (6). The outer wall of the charging compartment (4) near the heat dissipation channel (2) is uniformly and fixedly connected with multiple heat dissipation fins (28) along the length of the charging cabinet shell (1).

4. The electric vehicle charging and swapping cabinet with multi-layer battery compartments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preheating assembly includes an electric heater (29) symmetrically fixedly connected to the top of the T-shaped air inlet (7). A moisture-absorbing resin multi-tooth plate (30) is detachably provided on the top of the T-shaped air inlet (7). The moisture-absorbing resin multi-tooth plate (30) is installed between two electric heaters (29). A water-blocking plate (31) is symmetrically fixedly connected to the bottom of the T-shaped air inlet (7).

5. The electric vehicle charging and swapping cabinet with multi-layer battery compartments according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the T-shaped air inlet (7) is provided with a material exchange port (32), and a material exchange cover plate (33) is hinged inside the material exchange port (32). The top of the material exchange cover plate (33) is provided with a top ventilation port (34), and a filter screen (35) is fixedly connected inside the top ventilation port (34). The bottom of the material exchange cover plate (33) is symmetrically provided with slots (45), and the two ends of the moisture-absorbing resin multi-tooth plate (30) are correspondingly inserted into the slots (45). The bottom of the material exchange cover plate (33) is hooked with a tension spring (36), and the other end of the tension spring (36) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the T-shaped air inlet (7).

6. The electric vehicle charging and swapping cabinet with multi-layer battery compartments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control assembly includes a controller (37) fixedly connected to one side of the charging and swapping cabinet housing (1) by bolts, and an external temperature sensor (38) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the charging and swapping cabinet housing (1). A speaker (39) is fixedly connected to one side of the charging and swapping cabinet housing (1). An internal temperature sensor (40) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the charging compartment (4). An internal temperature sensor (41) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the heat dissipation channel (2). The controller (37) is electrically connected to the external temperature sensor (38), the speaker (39), the internal temperature sensor (40), and the internal temperature sensor (41).

7. The electric vehicle charging and swapping cabinet with multi-layer battery compartments according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lighting lamp (42) is fixedly connected to the top of the charging and swapping cabinet housing (1), and a solar panel module (43) is fixedly connected to the top of the charging and swapping cabinet housing (1) via a bracket. The lighting lamp (42) is located below the solar panel module (43), and the solar panel module (43) has a built-in solar energy storage power supply unit.

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