Load balance adjusting method and device for locomotive power supply

Abstract

The invention discloses a locomotive power supply load balance adjusting method and device, and the method comprises the steps: calculating the current efficiency of a voltage module, and adjusting the load of a power supply module according to the temperature of the power supply module, the load rate of the power supply module and the power factor of the power supply module, so as to enable the load of the power supply module of a locomotive to be balanced. According to the invention, through data obtained by real-time monitoring, accurate mastering of the load state of each power supply module and dynamic adjustment of the output power are realized, it is ensured that the load balancing precision of each module reaches a higher level, overload or light-load operation of part of modules is effectively avoided, and accurate adjustment is carried out to balance the load; load distribution optimization is carried out according to module efficiency, so that the overall efficiency of the system is remarkably improved, energy consumption is reduced, heat is reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency of the power system is improved. According to the invention, factors such as load change, environment temperature change and power supply module performance aging of the locomotive power supply system can be overcome, and good load balance and system operation performance can be always kept.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of locomotive power supply technology, in particular to a locomotive power supply load balancing adjustment method and device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the modern complex electrical system of locomotive, the locomotive power supply system is mainly used for powering the on-board network devices such as on-board microcomputer, display screen, sensor, main converter and traction equipment, and its reliability is crucial. Redundant design as a key means to ensure the reliability of power supply is widely used in the field of locomotive. The redundant DC power supply system is usually composed of multiple power modules in parallel, and its original design is to enable the remaining modules to seamlessly replace the failed modules and continuously provide stable power to the locomotive. However, there are many challenges in actual operation.

[0003] The traditional locomotive power supply redundancy modes mainly include redundant cold backup, redundant hot backup, parallel current sharing N+1 backup based on simple current or power distribution strategy, etc. These locomotive power supply redundancy modes all have obvious limitations. On the one hand, these redundancy modes waste the resources of the redundant locomotive to some extent, and cannot accurately capture the real-time performance changes of each power module, such as the performance differences of the modules caused by aging, environmental temperature fluctuations or load dynamic changes. On the other hand, inaccurate load balancing not only reduces the overall efficiency of the system, but also may accelerate the aging of some modules, further weaken the system reliability, and increase the safety hazards of locomotive operation. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application discloses a locomotive power supply load balancing adjustment method and device to overcome the above technical problems.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: A locomotive power supply load balancing adjustment method, comprising the following steps: S1: acquiring the output voltage, output current of the multiple power modules of the locomotive and the temperature of the power modules in real time; S2: acquiring the instantaneous power of the power modules according to the output voltage and output current of the power modules; S3: acquiring the load rate of the power modules and the power factor of the power modules according to the instantaneous power of the power modules; S4: acquiring the current efficiency of the power modules; S5: adjusting the load of the power modules according to the temperature of the power modules, the load rate of the power modules, the power factor of the power modules and the current efficiency of the power modules, so as to balance the load of the power modules of the locomotive.

[0006] Further, the formula for acquiring the current efficiency of the power modules is as follows:

[0007] In the formula: represents the current efficiency of the power module; represents the time interval during which the power module operates when the parameter value changes; represents the input power of the power module; represents the power loss of the resistors, capacitors, inductors and other elements in the internal circuit of the power module; represents the time during which the power module operates; represents the conduction loss of the power MOS tube; represents the turn-off loss of the power MOS tube; represents the conduction time of the MOS tube; represents the turn-off time of the MOS tube.

[0008] Further, the formula used to obtain the load rate of the power module is as follows: Load rate = (instantaneous power of the power module / rated power) × 100% The formula used to obtain the power factor of the power module is as follows: Power factor = active power / apparent power.

[0009] Further, the method used to adjust the load of the power module is as follows: S51: Obtain the average voltage of the output voltages of the plurality of power modules to adjust the power regulation circuit inside the load balancing device, so that the difference between the voltage at the output side of each power module of the load balancing adjustment device and the average voltage is less than the voltage deviation threshold value; S52: Obtain the average power of the plurality of power modules to redistribute the load to the power modules, so that the sum of the differences between the instantaneous power of each power module and the average power is minimized, and S53 is executed: S53: If the temperature difference, instantaneous power difference, load rate difference, power factor difference and current efficiency difference between the i-th power module and the j-th power module at this time are less than the set temperature difference threshold value, power factor difference threshold value, load rate difference threshold value and efficiency difference threshold value, respectively, S54 is executed; otherwise, S55 is executed; S54: Then, the load of the voltage module is fine-tuned by the load balancing device corresponding to the power module; S55: If the temperature, instantaneous power, load rate, power factor and current efficiency of the i-th power module are all greater than the temperature, instantaneous power, load rate, power factor and current efficiency of the j-th power module, then transfer part of the load under the i-th voltage module to the j-th power module at this time, and re-execute S53; wherein i and j are both index numbers of the power modules.

[0010] Further, the method for adjusting the load of the power module is as follows: before the load adjustment of the power module, a fault diagnosis algorithm based on neural network-based fault pattern recognition is further included to determine whether the power module has a fault, and if the p-th power module has a fault, the p-th power module is deleted, and p is an index number of the power module.

[0011] A device for a locomotive power load balancing adjustment method, comprising: a detection module, a calculation module, a control module and a balancing processing module; The detection module is used to obtain the output voltage and output current of the power module, and the temperature of the power module; The calculation module is used to obtain the load rate and power factor of the power module according to the output voltage and output current of the power module, and the instantaneous power of the power module, and obtain the current efficiency of the power module; The control module is used to determine whether the power module has a fault by a fault diagnosis algorithm based on neural network-based fault pattern recognition; The balancing processing module comprises an isolation circuit and a load distribution unit; The isolation circuit is used to isolate the power module with a fault when it is determined that the power module has a fault; The load distribution unit is used to adjust the load of the power module according to the temperature of the power module, the load rate of the power module, the power factor of the power module and the current efficiency of the power module when the power module does not have a fault, so as to balance the load of the electric power module of the locomotive.

[0012] Beneficial effects: the locomotive power load balancing regulation method and device, by calculating the current efficiency of the voltage module, and according to the temperature of the power module, the load rate of the power module, the power factor of the power module, the load of the power module is adjusted, so that the load of the locomotive power module is balanced. The application realizes accurate grasp of the load state of each power module by real-time monitoring of the obtained data, dynamically adjusts the output power, ensures that the load balancing accuracy of each module reaches a higher level, effectively avoids overload or light load operation of part of the module, and accurately adjusts the load balancing; according to the module efficiency, the load distribution optimization is carried out, so that the overall efficiency of the system is significantly improved, the energy consumption is reduced, the heat is reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency of the power supply system is improved. The application can overcome the load change of the locomotive power supply system, the change of the environment temperature and the performance aging of the power module, and always maintain good load balancing and system running performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0014] Figure 1 The flow chart of the locomotive power load balancing regulation method of the present application; Figure 2 The overall block diagram of the locomotive power load balancing regulation device in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 The control flow diagram of the locomotive power load balancing regulation device in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 The PID algorithm diagram in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the following will combine the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0016] The present embodiment introduces a locomotive power load balancing regulation method, as shown in Figure 1 The steps include: S1: Real-time acquisition of output voltage, output current of multiple power modules of the locomotive and temperature of the power modules; Specifically, the output voltage, output current and temperature of the multiple power modules of the locomotive are monitored in real time by high-precision sensors and detection circuits in an uninterrupted and high-frequency manner (acquisition once per millisecond). The sensors and detection circuits used have high sensitivity and stability, and can accurately obtain parameter values in a complex electromagnetic environment of the locomotive. Each sensor and detection circuit is a prior art in the field, and will not be described in detail here.

[0017] S2: Obtain the instantaneous power of the power module according to the output voltage and output current of the power module; Specifically, the instantaneous power of each power module is calculated according to the acquired output voltage and output voltage of the power module:

[0018] wherein, is the instantaneous power of the power module; is the instantaneous voltage of the power module; is the instantaneous current of the power module; S3: Obtain the load rate of the power module according to the instantaneous power of the power module; obtain the power factor of the power module; Preferably, the formula used to obtain the load rate of the power module is as follows: Load rate = (instantaneous power of the power module / rated power) × 100% Specifically, in actual application, if the actual output power cannot be directly measured, the actual output power can also be calculated by monitoring the obtained output current and output voltage of the power module: Actual output power = output current of the power module × output voltage.

[0019] The formula used to obtain the power factor of the power module is as follows: Power factor = active power / apparent power Specifically, the active power and apparent power can be directly measured by a power meter and other instruments during debugging.

[0020] S4: Obtain the current efficiency of the power module, and the formula used is as follows:

[0021] wherein, represents the current efficiency of the power module; represents the time interval during which the power module works when the parameter value changes; represents the input power of the power module; represents the loss power of the resistance, capacitance, inductance and other elements of the internal circuit of the power supply; represents the time of operation of the power module; represents the conduction loss of the MOS tube of the power supply; represents the turn-off loss of the MOS tube of the power supply; represents the conduction time of the MOS tube; represents the turn-off time of the MOS tube; Specifically, the calculation of the power supply efficiency also needs to consider some additional factors in actual application, such as: 1. Internal loss of the power supply : The resistance, capacitance, inductance and other elements of the internal circuit of the power supply will generate certain loss, and the MOS tube will also have conduction loss and switching loss. This part of power and loss is estimated by measuring the temperature rise and other ways when the power supply is working.

[0022] 2. Workload, temperature and voltage: The input power of the power supply may be different under different workload, temperature and voltage levels.

[0023] 3. Power supply loss: The power supply will generate certain loss when working, such as saturation loss of transformer, core loss and power consumption loss of internal components and devices. Therefore, the actual calculation of the power supply efficiency is relatively complex, and the power loss of the resistance, capacitance, inductance and other elements of the internal circuit of the power supply needs to be measured at different temperatures; the conduction loss and switching loss of the MOS tube of the power supply are calculated according to the circuit schematic diagram modeling.

[0024] This embodiment comprehensively considers the factors such as conduction loss, switching loss and other circuit losses, and the influence of temperature on efficiency, to accurately calculate the current efficiency of each power module.

[0025] Specifically, when the temperature of the power module is different, , , , the values are different due to the influence of temperature. Experimental data show that when the temperature rises from 50℃ to 142℃, the 15V output voltage decreases from 14.98V to 14.90V, i.e. every 11.5℃ voltage output affects 0.01V. Therefore, this embodiment sets a reference value (such as the average value of a large number of measured data, or the reference value given in the chip manual) every 10℃ in the interval of-40℃~85℃.

[0026] S5: according to the temperature of the power module, the load rate of the power module, the power factor of the power module and the current efficiency of the power module, the load of the power module is adjusted to balance the load of the locomotive power supply; Wherein, the PID algorithm mainly adjusts the voltage, first ensures the output voltage of each power supply consistent, then adjusts the load of each power supply to achieve the basic load balance, and finally adjusts the resistance in the load balancing device to fine tune the balance circuit.

[0027] Preferably, the method for adjusting the load of the power module is as follows: S51: the average voltage of the output voltage of the plurality of power modules is obtained, and the adaptive proportional integral differential control method is used to adjust the power regulation circuit in the load balancing device according to the average voltage, so that the difference between the voltage of each power module at the output side of the load balancing adjustment device and the average voltage is less than the voltage deviation threshold; S52: the average power of the plurality of power modules is obtained, and the load is redistributed to the power modules, so that the sum of the difference between the instantaneous power of each power module and the average power is minimized; S53: if the temperature difference, the instantaneous power difference, the load rate difference, the power factor difference and the current efficiency difference between the i-th power module and the j-th power module are less than the set temperature difference threshold, power factor difference threshold, load rate difference threshold and efficiency difference threshold, respectively, S54 is executed; otherwise, S55 is executed; S54: the load of the voltage module is fine tuned by the load balancing device corresponding to the power module; S55: if the temperature, instantaneous power, load rate, power factor and current efficiency of the i-th power module are all greater than the temperature, instantaneous power, load rate, power factor and current efficiency of the j-th power module, the part of the load under the i-th voltage module at this time is transferred to the j-th power module, and S53 is re-executed; S54: according to the fine tuning strategy, the load resistance in the load balancing device is adjusted to ensure that the output power of each power module is consistent with the calculated value of the fine tuning strategy. If the instantaneous output power of the power supply is less than the calculated value at this time, the resistance of the load balancing device is increased to increase the load until the instantaneous power of the power supply is equal to the given calculated power.

[0028] An embodiment of the present application is as follows: Taking 2 locomotive power module redundancy as an example.

[0029] 1. First, the output voltage, output current and temperature of the 2 power modules of the locomotive are obtained in real time.

[0030] 2. Calculate the instantaneous power, load rate, current efficiency, power factor and average power of the two power modules.

[0031] 3. According to the average power, re-allocate the load to each power module so that the difference between the instantaneous power and the average power of each power module is minimized.

[0032] Assuming that power source 1 has 3 loads (serial numbers 1-3) with powers of 1.6KW, 2.3KW and 3KW respectively, and power source 2 has 4 loads (serial numbers 4-7) with powers of 2.1KW, 0.5KW, 1.7KW and 4.3KW respectively. The temperatures and power factors of the two power sources are similar, so the load adjustment strategy is as follows: (1) Calculate the average power of the power sources as 7.75KW, and adjust the power regulation circuit inside the load balancing device according to the average voltage to ensure that the voltage on the output side of each power module is consistent.

[0033] (2) Adjust loads 2 and 3 to power module 2, and loads 6 and 7 to power module 1. After adjustment, the power of power module 1 is 7.6W and the power of power module 2 is 7.9W; at this time, the sum of the differences between the instantaneous power and the average power of each power module is minimized; (3) According to the temperatures of the power modules at this time, the instantaneous power of the power modules, the load rate of the power modules, the power factor of the power modules and the current efficiency of the power modules, carry out fine adjustment strategy.

[0034] If at this time: the differences between the temperatures, power factors, load rates and current efficiencies of the two power modules are less than the set temperature difference threshold, power factor difference threshold, load rate difference threshold and efficiency difference threshold respectively, then only the load resistance corresponding to power module 1 inside the load balancing device needs to be increased to make the instantaneous power of the two power modules consistent with the given calculated power.

[0035] If at this time, the differences between the temperatures, power factors, load rates and efficiencies of the two power sources are less than the set temperature difference threshold, power factor difference threshold, load rate difference threshold and efficiency difference threshold respectively, then part of the load needs to be transferred to the power source with smaller temperature, power factor, load rate and efficiency to ensure that the efficiency, power factor and other parameters are basically consistent, and then the load resistance inside the load balancing device is adjusted to make the instantaneous power of the two power modules consistent with the given calculated power (at this time, the given calculated power of the two power modules is not the same).

[0036] Specifically, the embodiment adopts a conventional intelligent control algorithm of adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control (i.e., PID algorithm) to dynamically adjust the output power of each power module. According to the preset load balancing target of "keeping the load rate difference of each module within a minimum range" and the load efficiency optimization strategy of preferentially improving the load efficiency of the module with higher overall efficiency, an accurate control signal is generated in real time to adjust the output voltage or current of the power module, thereby achieving accurate balancing of the load, as shown in Figure 4

[0037] Specifically, the embodiment combines the temperature at the output end of the power module to accurately calculate the load state of each power module, including the load rate, power factor and other key indicators.

[0038] Preferably, before S5, the method further comprises: before adjusting the load of the power module, determining whether the power module has a fault through a fault diagnosis algorithm based on neural network-based fault mode recognition, and if the pth power module has a fault, deleting the pth power module and executing S5.

[0039] Specifically, the control module detects whether the power module has a fault quickly and accurately by monitoring the electrical parameters and operating state information of each module in real time and combining the existing fault diagnosis algorithm based on neural network-based fault mode recognition. Once a fault is detected, the isolation circuit is triggered to isolate the faulty module from the system to prevent the spread of the fault. Taking voltage as an example: when the output voltage is higher than 5.25VDC, the module is overvoltage; when the output voltage is lower than 4.875VDC, the module is under-voltage.

[0040] At the same time, according to the performance status of the remaining normal modules, their loads are recalculated and allocated to ensure that the system can still operate stably in a fault state and maintain uninterrupted power supply to the locomotive equipment.

[0041] Specifically, the voltage detection circuit of the embodiment selects a high-precision linear optocoupler isolation voltage detection circuit, which has high precision (measurement error less than ±0.1%), high isolation voltage and fast response (response time less than 1 microsecond) characteristics, and can accurately measure the output voltage of the power module while effectively isolating strong electrical interference.

[0042] Specifically, the current detection circuit of the embodiment adopts a Hall effect current detection circuit, which realizes non-contact current measurement based on the Hall principle, has a wide measurement range and high precision (error within ±0.5%), and has little effect on the measured circuit. Through the sensor magnetic core structure and signal conditioning circuit, stable and accurate measurement is ensured in the locomotive high-current environment.

[0043] ​Specifically, the temperature sensor of the embodiment is a high-precision digital temperature sensor based on silicon technology, which has a measurement accuracy of ±0.5°C, high resolution, and can be directly connected to the computing module through a digital interface. The temperature sensor is installed close to the heat sink or key heating elements of the power module to ensure accurate acquisition of module temperature information.

[0044] Specifically, the collected voltage, current, and temperature data are transmitted in real time to the computing module at a transmission rate of several megahertz, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of data transmission.

[0045] The hardware core of the computing module uses a digital signal processor TMS320F28016, which has powerful data processing capability (can perform several hundred million floating point operations per second) and rich peripheral interfaces. The analog signals transmitted by the monitoring module are quickly converted by the built-in analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the digital signal processor, or the digital signals transmitted by the temperature sensor are directly received. The computing module first preprocesses the collected data, including filtering, data verification, etc. Then it calculates the instantaneous power, average power, power factor, and other load state indicators of each power module.

[0046] Specifically, when calculating the efficiency, the program calls the built-in power module efficiency model, which is based on a large amount of experimental data and theoretical analysis and takes into account the loss characteristics of the power module under different working conditions. By substituting the real-time measured voltage, current, temperature, and other parameters into the model, the current efficiency of each module is accurately calculated. The calculation results are transmitted in real time to the intelligent controller (CPU) of the control module through the high-speed CAN bus communication interface.

[0047] Specifically, the intelligent controller of the control module of the embodiment uses an industrial-grade microcontroller STM32F411CEU6, which has rich peripheral resources (such as timers, PWM output channels, communication interfaces, etc.) and high reliability. The intelligent controller runs a specially developed load balancing control algorithm program, which generates control signals using an adaptive PID control algorithm based on the load state and efficiency data transmitted by the computing module.

[0048] Specifically, the power regulation circuit of the embodiment uses a high-efficiency DC-DC converter topology, a Buck-Boost converter. The power switch tube uses an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with low on-resistance and high switching speed. The PWM signal output by the intelligent controller controls the on and off time of the power switch tube, thereby accurately adjusting the output voltage and current and achieving load balancing. The power regulation circuit has overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, and other protection functions to ensure safe and stable operation of the system.

[0049] In this embodiment, 1. The isolation circuit uses a solid-state relay to realize the electrical isolation of the fault module and the locomotive load. When the control module determines that a power module is faulty, it immediately sends a control signal to the isolation circuit to trigger the relay to act and disconnect the fault module from the load balancing module. Solid-state relays have the advantages of no contacts, fast switching speed (up to microseconds), long service life, and are preferred in applications where switching speed is required.

[0050] 2. After the isolation of the fault module, the load redistribution unit, the control module recalculates the target load value of each module according to the load state and performance parameters of the remaining normal power modules. A load distribution algorithm based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to determine the output power adjustment of each normal module, with the goal of maximizing system efficiency and balancing the load of each module. Then, through the output power adjustment of each normal module by the balancing control module, the load is redistributed to ensure that the system can still operate stably in a fault state and maintain normal power supply to the locomotive equipment.

[0051] As shown in Figure 2 The locomotive power load balancing adjustment device of the present embodiment mainly consists of four parts, namely the detection module, the calculation module, the control module and the balancing processing module. The detection module is used to obtain the output voltage, output current and temperature of the power module. The calculation module is used to obtain the load rate and power factor of the power module based on the output voltage, output current and instantaneous power of the power module, and to obtain the current efficiency of the power module. The control module is used to determine whether the power module has a fault based on the fault diagnosis algorithm of the neural network-based fault pattern recognition. The balancing processing module includes an isolation circuit and a load distribution unit. The isolation circuit is used to isolate the power module with a fault when it is determined that the power module has a fault. The load distribution unit is used to adjust the load of the power module based on the temperature of the power module, the load rate of the power module, the power factor of the power module and the current efficiency of the power module when the power module does not have a fault, so that the load of the locomotive power module is balanced.

[0052] ①, detection module: composed of high-precision temperature sensor, voltage detection circuit, current detection circuit, anti-reverse diode and input terminal row, through reasonable layout of sensor or detection circuit position, realize the comprehensive, accurate monitoring of each power module key parameter, monitoring data real-time transmission to the calculation module. Anti-reverse diode is to prevent locomotive power reverse connection, protect the other modules and components of locomotive power load balancing adjustment device. Input terminal row is connected to the locomotive power and temperature sensor, is the input interface of locomotive power load balancing adjustment device.

[0053] ②, calculation module: using high-performance digital signal processor TMS320F28016 as the core operation unit, running specially developed load state and efficiency calculation software program. The program integrates advanced algorithms and power module performance model, can quickly process massive monitoring data, accurately calculate the load state and efficiency of each module, and real-time transmission of the results to the balancing control module.

[0054] ③, control module: composed of intelligent controller STM32F411CEU6 (CPU) and power regulation circuit. CPU according to the data provided by the calculation module, using the built-in intelligent control algorithm to generate accurate control signal, drive the power regulation circuit based on insulated gate bipolar transistor, dynamic adjustment of power module output power, realize load balancing.

[0055] ④, balancing processing module: contains isolation circuit, load distribution unit and output terminal row. Isolation circuit is controlled by the intelligent controller of the balancing control module, using high-speed, high-reliability solid-state relay to realize fault module isolation. Load distribution unit is controlled by the intelligent controller of the balancing control module, according to the preset strategy and the remaining module performance, calculate and adjust the load of each normal module, to ensure the stable operation of the system. Output terminal row is connected to the locomotive power and temperature sensor, is the output interface of locomotive power load balancing adjustment device. As Figure 3 shown, the locomotive power load balancing adjustment steps of the embodiment are as follows: Step1: the locomotive power is powered on, the power supply for each module of the locomotive power load balancing adjustment device, the intelligent controller of the calculation module and the control module is initialized. When initializing, the calculation module register is zero, the last acquisition value of the calculation module is emptied; at the same time, the intelligent controller controls the isolation circuit, disconnects all load connections.

[0056] Step2: After initialization, the voltage regulation subprogram runs; the calculation module reads the voltage values collected by the detection module for each locomotive module, compares the collected voltage values with the preset voltage values, obtains the deviation values of each locomotive power supply voltage, and transmits the deviation values to the intelligent controller of the control module; the intelligent controller controls the power regulation circuit to ensure that the voltage reaching the isolation circuit reaches the predetermined value, i.e., to ensure that the voltage of each locomotive power supply to the equalization processing module is completely consistent, according to the deviation values and the built-in adaptive PID control algorithm.

[0057] Step3: After the voltage is stably output, the load control subprogram runs; the intelligent controller of the control module controls the isolation circuit and the load distribution unit, and sequentially connects all locomotive loads; when connecting the load, the load distribution unit will initially divide the load equally to each locomotive power supply according to the number of loads.

[0058] Step4: After all loads are initially distributed, the load balancing subprogram runs; the calculation module reads the voltage values, current values, and temperature values collected by the detection module for each locomotive module, and calculates the current efficiency and deviation values of each locomotive power module according to the built-in power module efficiency model, and transmits these collected values and calculated values to the intelligent controller of the control module; the intelligent controller quickly calculates the optimal adjustment scheme according to these collected values, calculated values, and built-in load balancing control algorithm, controls the power regulation circuit and load distribution unit, and completes the output voltage and current adjustment and load balancing distribution.

[0059] Specifically, taking three locomotive power module redundancies as an example: first, calculate whether the remaining power supply can support the total load. If the remaining power supply can support the total load, directly perform load distribution; if not, remove part of the unimportant load until the remaining power supply can support the remaining total load, and then perform load distribution. During load distribution, control the load output channel and maximum output current of each power supply in turn to complete intelligent load distribution. After stabilization, adjust the output current of the remaining power supply to the rated value.

[0060] Specifically, assuming that the load rate of each power supply is 60%, if one of the power supplies fails, it is necessary to distribute 60% of the failed power supply to the remaining two normal working power supplies.

[0061] Assuming each power supply is 2 loads, the load rate is 30% and 30%, 20% and 40%, 10% and 50%, and the bad power supply is the load rate 10% and 50%: (1) 180% load can be supported by two power supplies. (2) Control the power supply load output channel in turn to allocate 20%, 40%, 30% to the power supply originally loaded with 20%, 40%, and 10%, 50%, 30% to the power supply originally loaded with 30%, 30%. At the same time, adjust the maximum output current of the two power supplies to 90% of the rated value in turn. (3) After waiting for stability, adjust the maximum output current of each power supply to the rated value.

[0062] Step 5: After completing the output voltage, current adjustment and load balancing distribution, the main control program (load monitoring program) dynamically adjusts according to the working state of each locomotive power supply, relevant parameters and the actual situation of the load, and completes the load balancing.

[0063] The embodiment has the following beneficial effects: 1. Precise load balancing: Through real-time monitoring data, the load state of each power supply module is accurately grasped, and the output power is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the load balancing precision of each module reaches a higher level, effectively avoiding partial module overload or light load operation.

[0064] 2. Improve system efficiency: Load distribution optimization is performed according to module efficiency, which significantly improves the overall efficiency of the system, reduces energy consumption, reduces heat generation, and improves the energy utilization efficiency of the power supply system.

[0065] 3. Enhance system reliability: timely detection and isolation of faulty modules, rapid redistribution of load, ensure stable power supply in the case of module failure, greatly improve the reliability and stability of the locomotive power supply system, and reduce the risk of locomotive operation failure caused by power supply problems.

[0066] 4. Strong adaptability: The device and method of the invention can adapt to load changes, environmental temperature changes and power module performance aging of the locomotive power supply system under different working conditions, and always maintain good load balancing and system operation performance. The embodiment breaks through the bottleneck of traditional load balancing technology, realizes dynamic optimization of load balancing through precise and efficient locomotive redundant DC power supply system load adjustment method, improves the operation efficiency and reliability of the power supply system, prolongs the service life of the system, and provides solid power guarantee for the safe and stable operation of the locomotive. The embodiment is rooted in the field of locomotive power supply technology, focuses on solving the problems related to load balancing in the locomotive redundant DC power supply system, and is committed to improving the overall performance of the power supply system to ensure stable and efficient power supply for locomotive operation.

[0067] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the above embodiments can be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for load balancing regulation of a locomotive power supply, comprising: The method comprises the following steps: S1: acquiring output voltage, output current and temperature of the power module of the locomotive in real time; S2: acquiring instantaneous power of the power module according to the output voltage and the output current of the power module; S3: acquiring load rate and power factor of the power module according to the instantaneous power of the power module; S4: acquiring current efficiency of the power module; S5: adjusting the load of the power module according to the temperature, the load rate, the power factor and the current efficiency of the power module, so as to balance the load of the power module of the locomotive.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The formula for acquiring the current efficiency of the power module is as follows: In the formula: represents the current efficiency of the power module; represents the time interval during which the power module operates when the parameter value changes; represents the input power of the power module; represents the loss power of the resistance, capacitance, and inductance elements of the internal circuit of the power supply; represents the time during which the power module operates; represents the conduction loss of the power MOS tube; represents the turn-off loss of the power MOS tube; represents the conduction time of the MOS tube; represents the turn-off time of the MOS tube.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The formula for acquiring the load rate of the power module is as follows: Load rate = (instantaneous power of the power module / rated power) × 100% The formula for acquiring the power factor of the power module is as follows: Power factor = active power / apparent power 4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method for adjusting the load of the power module is as follows: S51: acquiring average voltage of the output voltage of the plurality of power modules, so as to adjust the power adjustment circuit inside the load balancing device, so that the difference between the voltage on the output side of each power module and the average voltage is less than the voltage deviation threshold; S52: acquiring average power of the plurality of power modules, so as to redistribute the load to the power modules, so that the sum of the difference between the instantaneous power of each power module and the average power is minimized, and S53 is executed: S53: if the temperature difference, the instantaneous power difference, the load rate difference, the power factor difference and the current efficiency difference between the i th power module and the j th power module are less than the set temperature difference threshold, power factor difference threshold, load rate difference threshold and current efficiency difference threshold respectively, S54 is executed; otherwise, S55 is executed; S54: then fine-tune the load of the voltage module through the load balancing device corresponding to the power module; S55: if the temperature, the instantaneous power, the load rate, the power factor and the current efficiency of the i th power module are all greater than the temperature, the instantaneous power, the load rate, the power factor and the current efficiency of the j th power module, then transfer part of the load under the i th voltage module to the j th power module, and re-execute S53; wherein i and j are index numbers of the power module.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method for adjusting the load of the power module is as follows: before S5, the method further comprises: determining whether the power module has a fault through a fault diagnosis algorithm based on a neural network fault mode recognition, and isolating the p th power module if the p th power module has a fault, wherein p is an index number of the power module.

6. The apparatus for balancing the load of the power supply of a locomotive according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein It comprises: a detection module, a calculation module, a control module and a balancing processing module; The detection module is used to acquire output voltage, output current and temperature of the power module; The calculation module is used to acquire load rate and power factor of the power module according to the output voltage and the output current of the power module, and the instantaneous power of the power module, and the instantaneous power of the power module. and acquiring the current efficiency of the power module; the control module is used for determining whether the power module has a fault based on a fault diagnosis algorithm of a neural network-based fault pattern recognition; the equalization processing module comprises an isolation circuit and a load distribution unit; the isolation circuit is used for isolating the power module having a fault when it is determined that the power module has a fault; the load distribution unit is used for adjusting the load of the power module according to the temperature of the power module, the load rate of the power module, the power factor of the power module and the current efficiency of the power module when the power module does not have a fault, so as to equalize the loads of the electric power modules of the locomotive.

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