Battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle battery energy conversion efficiency management system, and relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles, and the system comprises a battery equalization module which supplies power to an unmanned aerial vehicle module, and a micro-control module controls an electric energy compensation module according to the electric energy converted by a hydrogen energy module and the voltage of a first voltage threshold value or a second voltage threshold value. And performing boost processing, equalizing charging, electric energy transmission switching or energy storage control, and controlling the equalizing charging state of the electric energy compensation module and the series connection state of the battery equalization module and the electric energy compensation module according to the magnitude of the electric energy input to the unmanned aerial vehicle module and a low-voltage threshold value. And when the converted electric energy is smaller than a first voltage threshold value and the electric energy of the unmanned aerial vehicle module is smaller than a low-voltage threshold value, self-equalization is stopped, and the electric energy compensation module boosts the battery equalization module and performs emergency power supply through the emergency module. According to the battery energy conversion efficiency management system for the long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle, the power supply efficiency of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the endurance of the unmanned aerial vehicle are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drone technology, specifically a battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance drones. Background Technology

[0002] Drones, as a high-tech product, are becoming increasingly popular and are playing a vital role in fields such as aerial photography, agriculture, selfies, express delivery, and disaster relief. Currently, drones typically use lithium battery packs composed of multiple individual lithium batteries. To improve the drone's endurance, even more individual lithium batteries are connected in series to form the battery pack. To improve the power supply efficiency of the lithium battery pack, equalization devices are used to balance the individual lithium batteries through power transfer. However, the battery equalization rate is limited, the battery energy conversion efficiency is low, and equalization devices alone cannot effectively improve the drone's endurance; therefore, further improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance drones to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance drones is provided, comprising:

[0005] The hydrogen energy module is used for hydrogen-to-electricity conversion. It detects the magnitude of the converted electrical energy voltage by setting a first voltage threshold and a second voltage threshold. When the converted electrical energy is greater than the first voltage threshold, it outputs a first detection signal; when it is greater than the second voltage threshold, it outputs a second detection signal.

[0006] The power compensation module is connected to the hydrogen energy module, the battery balancing module and the emergency module. It is used to boost and store the power converted by the hydrogen energy module or the total power provided by the battery balancing module and provide the first power. The first power is then transmitted to the battery balancing module or the emergency module, and the converted power is transmitted to the battery balancing module.

[0007] The battery balancing module is used to provide total power through three sets of series-connected individual cells, receive power from the first power or power converted by the hydrogen energy module transmitted by the power compensation module, and perform equalization charging control on the individual cell with the lowest voltage among the three sets of individual cells, change the series connection state of the three sets of individual cells and connect them in series with the power compensation module to supply power, and superimpose the total power with the first power and output the second power.

[0008] The emergency module, connected to the drone module, is used to transmit initial electrical energy to the drone module;

[0009] The drone module, connected to the battery equalization module, is used to transmit the received total power, second power, or first power to the drone load. It samples the voltage of the received power and outputs a third detection signal when the sampled signal is less than the low voltage threshold.

[0010] The microcontroller module, connected to the hydrogen energy module, power compensation module, battery balancing module, drone module, and emergency module, is used to control the power compensation module to transmit total power and perform voltage boosting when the first detection signal is not received, and to control the battery balancing module to receive the first power and perform equalization charging. If the third detection signal is received, equalization charging will stop and the emergency module will transmit the first power. During the period of receiving the first detection signal, the power compensation module will transmit the power converted by the hydrogen energy module and perform voltage boosting, and the battery balancing module will perform equalization charging. If the third detection signal is received, equalization charging will stop and the battery balancing module will be connected in series with the power compensation module for power supply. When the second detection signal is received, the power compensation module will transmit the power converted by the hydrogen energy module to the battery balancing module and perform voltage boosting, and the battery balancing module will perform equalization charging.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the battery balancing module includes a battery pack unit, a connection control unit, and a balancing unit;

[0012] A battery pack unit is used to provide total electrical energy through three sets of individual cells connected in series;

[0013] The control unit is connected to the battery pack unit to change the series connection state of the three individual batteries and connect them in series with the power compensation module to supply power, so as to superimpose the total power with the first power and output the second power.

[0014] The equalization unit, connected to the battery pack unit, is used to receive electrical energy converted from hydrogen energy by the first electrical energy or electrical energy compensation module and to perform equalization charging control on the single cell with the lowest voltage among the three groups of single cells.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the power compensation module includes a path switching unit and a boost processing unit;

[0016] The pathway switching unit is used to boost and store the electrical energy converted by the hydrogen energy module or the total electrical energy provided by the battery balancing module and provide the first electrical energy.

[0017] The boost processing unit, connected to the path switching unit, is used to transmit the first electrical energy to the battery balancing module or the emergency module, and to transmit the electrical energy converted by the hydrogen energy module to the battery balancing module.

[0018] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the battery pack unit includes a first battery, a second battery, a first diode, and a third battery; the connection control unit includes a first resistor, a first switching transistor, a second resistor, and a first thyristor; the microcontroller module includes a first controller;

[0019] Preferably, the first end of the first battery is connected to the anode of the first diode and connected to the collector of the first switching transistor and the control terminal of the first thyristor through the first resistor. The second end of the first battery is connected to the first end of the second battery. The second end of the second battery is connected to one end of the first thyristor. The other end of the first thyristor is connected to the first end of the third battery. The second end of the third battery is connected to the emitter of the first switching transistor. The base of the first switching transistor is connected to the IO4 terminal of the first controller through the second resistor. The cathode of the first diode is connected to the UAV module.

[0020] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the equalization unit includes a first power transistor, a second power transistor, a third power transistor, a fourth power transistor, a fifth power transistor, a sixth power transistor, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, a sixth diode, a ninth power transistor, a seventh diode, and an eighth diode;

[0021] Preferably, the source of the first power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the first battery, the drain of the first power transistor is connected to the source of the ninth power transistor, the drain of the third power transistor, and the drain of the fifth power transistor, the source of the second power transistor is connected to the second terminal of the first battery and the source of the third power transistor, the source of the fourth power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the third battery, the source of the fifth power transistor is connected to the second terminal of the second battery, the source of the sixth power transistor is connected to the second terminal of the third battery, the drain of the sixth power transistor is connected to the drain of the fourth power transistor and the drain of the second power transistor, the gate of the first power transistor is connected to the gate of the second power transistor and the IO1 terminal of the first controller, and the gate of the third power transistor is connected to the anode of the second diode. The cathode of the second diode is connected to the cathode of the third diode and the gate of the fourth power transistor, the anode of the third diode is connected to the anode of the fourth diode, the anode of the eighth diode and the IO4 terminal of the first controller, the cathode of the fourth diode is connected to the gate of the fifth power transistor and the cathode of the sixth diode, the anode of the sixth diode is connected to the anode of the fifth diode and the IO3 terminal of the first controller, the cathode of the fifth diode is connected to the cathode of the seventh diode and the gate of the sixth power transistor, the cathode of the eighth diode is connected to the IO7 terminal of the first controller and the gate of the ninth power transistor, and the anode of the seventh diode is connected to the IO8 terminal of the first controller and the emergency module.

[0022] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the path switching unit includes a second thyristor, a third thyristor, a ninth diode, a first inverter, and a third resistor;

[0023] Preferably, one end of the second thyristor is connected to the source of the ninth power transistor, the other end of the second thyristor is connected to the first end of the third thyristor, the second end of the third thyristor is connected to the hydrogen energy module, the control end of the third thyristor is connected to the input end of the first inverter through the third resistor, the output end of the first inverter is connected to the anode of the ninth diode, and the cathode of the ninth diode is connected to the control end of the second thyristor.

[0024] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the boost processing unit includes a first inductor, an eighth power transistor, a seventh power transistor, a tenth diode, and a first capacitor;

[0025] Preferably, the drain of the eighth power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the third thyristor through the first inductor, the source of the eighth power transistor is connected to the drain of the seventh power transistor and the anode of the tenth diode, the cathode of the tenth diode is connected to the drain of the ninth power transistor and is connected to the source of the seventh power transistor and the drain of the sixth power transistor through the first capacitor, and the gate of the eighth power transistor and the gate of the seventh power transistor are respectively connected to the IO6 terminal and the IO5 terminal of the first controller.

[0026] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the hydrogen energy module includes a hydrogen energy battery, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a first reference power supply, a second reference power supply, a first comparator, a second comparator, an eleventh diode, and a twelfth diode;

[0027] Preferably, the first terminal of the hydrogen battery is connected to the second terminal of the third thyristor and is connected to the non-inverting terminals of the first and second comparators and one terminal of the fifth resistor via a fourth resistor. The other terminal of the fifth resistor is connected to the source of the seventh power transistor and the second terminal of the hydrogen battery. The inverting terminals of the first and second comparators are connected to the first and second reference power supplies, respectively. The output terminal of the first comparator is connected to the IO9 terminal of the first controller, the anode of the twelfth diode, and the input terminal of the first inverter. The output terminal of the second comparator is connected to the IO10 terminal of the first controller, the anode of the twelfth diode, and the anode of the eleventh diode. The cathode of the eleventh diode is connected to the control terminal of the second thyristor.

[0028] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the drone module includes a drone load, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a third comparator, and a third reference power supply;

[0029] Preferably, the first end of the UAV load is connected to the cathode of the first diode and connected to the inverting input of the third comparator and one end of the seventh resistor through the sixth resistor. The other end of the seventh resistor is connected to the second end of the UAV load. The non-inverting input of the third comparator is connected to the third reference power supply. The output of the third comparator is connected to the IO11 terminal of the first controller.

[0030] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the emergency module includes a tenth power transistor and a thirteenth diode;

[0031] Preferably, the drain of the tenth power transistor is connected to the cathode of the tenth diode, the source of the tenth power transistor is connected to the anode of the thirteenth diode, the cathode of the thirteenth diode is connected to the first terminal of the UAV load, and the gate of the tenth power transistor is connected to the IO8 terminal of the first controller.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance drones can be powered by a battery balancing module. When the energy converted by the hydrogen energy module is greater than a first voltage threshold, the microcontroller module controls the energy compensation module to boost the converted energy and perform equalization charging control on the lowest-voltage individual cell in the battery balancing module. If the energy input to the drone module is less than a low-voltage threshold, equalization charging will stop, and the battery balancing module and energy compensation module will be connected in series to maintain the power supply requirements of the drone module. When the converted energy is greater than a second voltage threshold, the converted energy will be directly transferred to the battery balancing module for equalization charging, and the energy compensation module will perform energy storage. When the converted energy is less than the first voltage threshold, the battery balancing module and energy compensation module will directly perform battery self-balancing control. If the energy of the drone module is less than a low-voltage threshold, self-balancing will stop, and the energy compensation module will boost the voltage of the battery balancing module. Then, the emergency module will provide emergency power to the drone module, improving the power supply efficiency and endurance of the drone. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram illustrating the principle of a battery energy conversion efficiency management system for a long-endurance drone, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic block diagram of the battery balancing module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic block diagram of the power compensation module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4 A circuit diagram of a battery energy conversion efficiency management system for a long-endurance drone provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5The circuit diagram of the hydrogen energy module provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 6 A circuit diagram of a drone module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 7 Circuit diagram of the emergency module provided in the embodiments of the present invention Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 A battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance drones, comprising:

[0043] Hydrogen energy module 1 is used for hydrogen-to-electricity conversion. It detects the voltage of the converted electrical energy by setting a first voltage threshold and a second voltage threshold. When the converted electrical energy is greater than the first voltage threshold, it outputs a first detection signal; when it is greater than the second voltage threshold, it outputs a second detection signal.

[0044] The power compensation module 3 is connected to the hydrogen energy module 1, the battery balancing module 2 and the emergency module 4. It is used to boost and store the power converted by the hydrogen energy module 1 or the total power provided by the battery balancing module 2 and provide the first power. The first power is then transmitted to the battery balancing module 2 or the emergency module 4, and the converted power is transmitted to the battery balancing module 2.

[0045] Battery balancing module 2 is used to provide total power through three sets of series-connected individual cells, receive the first power or the power converted by the hydrogen energy module 1 transmitted by the power compensation module 3, and perform equalization charging control on the individual cell with the lowest voltage among the three sets of individual cells, change the series connection state of the three sets of individual cells and connect them in series with the power compensation module 3 to supply power, and superimpose the total power with the first power and output the second power.

[0046] Emergency module 4, connected to drone module 6, is used to transmit the first electrical energy to drone module 6;

[0047] The drone module 6 is connected to the battery equalization module 2 and is used to transmit the received total power, second power or first power to the drone load. It performs voltage sampling on the received power and outputs a third detection signal when the sampled signal is less than the low voltage threshold.

[0048] The microcontroller module 5, connected to the hydrogen energy module 1, the power compensation module 3, the battery balancing module 2, the drone module 6, and the emergency module 4, is used to control the power compensation module 3 to transmit total power and perform voltage boosting when the first detection signal is not received, and to control the battery balancing module 2 to receive the first power and perform equalization charging. If the third detection signal is received, equalization charging will stop and the emergency module 4 will be controlled to transmit the first power. During the period of receiving the first detection signal, the power compensation module 3 will be controlled to transmit the power converted by the hydrogen energy module 1 and perform voltage boosting, and the battery balancing module 2 will be controlled to perform equalization charging. If the third detection signal is received, equalization charging will stop and the battery balancing module 2 will be controlled to be connected in series with the power compensation module 3 for power supply. When the second detection signal is received, the power compensation module 3 will be controlled to transmit the power converted by the hydrogen energy module 1 to the battery balancing module 2 and perform voltage boosting, and the battery balancing module 2 will be controlled to perform equalization charging.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the hydrogen energy module 1 can be a hydrogen energy circuit composed of a hydrogen battery, resistor, comparator, etc., capable of hydrogen-to-electricity conversion, that is, directly converting the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy, performing voltage division sampling and voltage comparison, specifically comparing the voltage of the converted electrical energy with a set first voltage threshold and a second voltage threshold, wherein the first voltage threshold is less than the second voltage threshold, and the first voltage threshold can meet the charging control of the individual cells in the battery balancing module 2; the battery balancing module 2 can be a battery balancing circuit composed of three groups of individual cells, a thyristor, a field-effect transistor, and a diode, wherein the three groups of individual cells can be connected in series, and the field-effect transistor controls the individual cell with the lowest voltage through power transmission control for individual charging control; the power compensation module 3 can be a power compensation circuit composed of a thyristor, inductor, field-effect transistor, capacitor, etc., and can control the output power of the power compensation module 3. The transmission status of electrical energy output from the energy compensation module 3 or the hydrogen energy module 1 is monitored to boost and store the electrical energy output from the energy compensation module 3 or the hydrogen energy module 1, and then provide the necessary power for balancing the battery balancing module 2. The emergency module 4 can be an emergency circuit composed of field-effect transistors and diodes, which can control the power transmission path and power the drone module 6 with the boosted power from the energy compensation module 3. The microcontroller module 5 can be a microcontroller circuit composed of a single-chip microcomputer, which integrates arithmetic unit, controller, memory and input / output devices, etc., to realize functions such as signal processing, data storage, module control and timing control. The drone module 6 can be a drone circuit composed of drone load, comparator, resistor, etc., which can perform voltage division sampling of the power input to the drone load and compare the voltage according to the set low voltage threshold. This low voltage threshold serves as the minimum voltage for the battery balancing module 2 to meet the power requirements of the drone load.

[0050] Furthermore, the battery balancing module 2 includes a battery pack unit 201, a connection control unit 202, and a balancing unit 203;

[0051] Battery pack unit 201 is used to provide total electrical energy through three sets of connected individual cells;

[0052] The control unit 202 is connected to the battery pack unit 201 to change the series connection state of the three individual batteries and connect them in series with the power compensation module 3 to supply power, so as to superimpose the total power energy with the first power energy and output the second power energy.

[0053] The equalization unit 203 is connected to the battery pack unit 201 and is used to receive the first electrical energy or the electrical energy converted by the hydrogen energy module 1 transmitted by the electrical energy compensation module 3 and to perform equalization charging control on the single cell with the lowest voltage among the three groups of single cells.

[0054] Furthermore, the power compensation module 3 includes a path switching unit 301 and a boost processing unit 302;

[0055] The path switching unit 301 is used to boost and store the electrical energy converted by the hydrogen energy module 1 or the total electrical energy provided by the battery balancing module 2 and provide the first electrical energy.

[0056] The boost processing unit 302 is connected to the channel switching unit 301 and is used to transmit the first electrical energy to the battery balancing module 2 or the emergency module 4, and to transmit the electrical energy converted by the hydrogen energy module 1 to the battery balancing module 2.

[0057] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 The battery pack unit 201 includes a first battery, a second battery, a first diode D1, and a third battery; the connection control unit 202 includes a first resistor R1, a first switching transistor V1, a second resistor R2, and a first thyristor S1; the microcontroller module 5 includes a first controller U1;

[0058] Specifically, the first end of the first battery is connected to the anode of the first diode D1 and connected to the collector of the first switch V1 and the control terminal of the first thyristor S1 through the first resistor R1. The second end of the first battery is connected to the first end of the second battery. The second end of the second battery is connected to one end of the first thyristor S1. The other end of the first thyristor S1 is connected to the first end of the third battery. The second end of the third battery is connected to the emitter of the first switch V1. The base of the first switch V1 is connected to the IO4 terminal of the first controller U1 through the second resistor R2. The cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the UAV module 6.

[0059] In a specific embodiment, the first battery, the second battery, and the third battery can all be lithium batteries; the first switching transistor V1 can be an NPN transistor; the first thyristor S1 can be a bidirectional thyristor; and the first controller U1 can be an STM32 microcontroller.

[0060] Furthermore, the equalization unit 203 includes a first power transistor Q1, a second power transistor Q2, a third power transistor Q3, a fourth power transistor Q4, a fifth power transistor Q5, a sixth power transistor Q6, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4, a fifth diode D5, a sixth diode D6, a ninth power transistor Q9, a seventh diode D7, and an eighth diode D8;

[0061] Specifically, the source of the first power transistor Q1 is connected to the first terminal of the first battery; the drain of the first power transistor Q1 is connected to the source of the ninth power transistor Q9, the drain of the third power transistor Q3, and the drain of the fifth power transistor Q5; the source of the second power transistor Q2 is connected to the second terminal of the first battery and the source of the third power transistor Q3; the source of the fourth power transistor Q4 is connected to the first terminal of the third battery; the source of the fifth power transistor Q5 is connected to the second terminal of the second battery; the source of the sixth power transistor Q6 is connected to the second terminal of the third battery; the drain of the sixth power transistor Q6 is connected to the drain of the fourth power transistor Q4 and the drain of the second power transistor Q2; the gate of the first power transistor Q1 is connected to the gate of the second power transistor Q2 and the IO1 terminal of the first controller U1; the gate of the third power transistor Q3 is connected to the anode of the second diode D2 and the first controller U1. At the IO2 terminal of controller U1, the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the cathode of the third diode D3 and the gate of the fourth power transistor Q4. The anode of the third diode D3 is connected to the anode of the fourth diode D4, the anode of the eighth diode D8, and the IO4 terminal of the first controller U1. The cathode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the gate of the fifth power transistor Q5 and the cathode of the sixth diode D6. The anode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the anode of the fifth diode D5 and the IO3 terminal of the first controller U1. The cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the cathode of the seventh diode D7 and the gate of the sixth power transistor Q6. The cathode of the eighth diode D8 is connected to the IO7 terminal of the first controller U1 and the gate of the ninth power transistor Q9. The anode of the seventh diode D7 is connected to the IO8 terminal of the first controller U1 and the emergency module 4.

[0062] In a specific embodiment, the first power transistor Q1, the second power transistor Q2, the third power transistor Q3, the fourth power transistor Q4, the fifth power transistor Q5, and the sixth power transistor Q6 can all be N-channel field-effect transistors to control the balanced charging of the first battery, the second battery, and the third battery; the ninth power transistor Q9 can be an N-channel field-effect transistor to transmit the electrical energy output by the power compensation module 3.

[0063] Furthermore, the path switching unit 301 includes a second thyristor S2, a third thyristor S3, a ninth diode D9, a first inverter J1, and a third resistor R3;

[0064] Specifically, one end of the second thyristor S2 is connected to the source of the ninth power transistor Q9, the other end of the second thyristor S2 is connected to the first end of the third thyristor S3, the second end of the third thyristor S3 is connected to the hydrogen energy module 1, the control end of the third thyristor S3 is connected to the input end of the first inverter J1 through the third resistor R3, the output end of the first inverter J1 is connected to the anode of the ninth diode D9, and the cathode of the ninth diode D9 is connected to the control end of the second thyristor S2.

[0065] In a specific embodiment, both the second thyristor S2 and the third thyristor S3 can be bidirectional thyristors; the first inverter J1 can be a NOT gate.

[0066] Furthermore, the boost processing unit 302 includes a first inductor L1, an eighth power transistor Q8, a seventh power transistor Q7, a tenth diode D10, and a first capacitor C1;

[0067] Specifically, the drain of the eighth power transistor Q8 is connected to the first terminal of the third thyristor S3 through the first inductor L1, the source of the eighth power transistor Q8 is connected to the drain of the seventh power transistor Q7 and the anode of the tenth diode D10, the cathode of the tenth diode D10 is connected to the drain of the ninth power transistor Q9 and is connected to the source of the seventh power transistor Q7 and the drain of the sixth power transistor Q6 through the first capacitor C1, and the gate of the eighth power transistor Q8 and the gate of the seventh power transistor Q7 are respectively connected to the IO6 and IO5 terminals of the first controller U1.

[0068] In a specific embodiment, both the seventh power transistor Q7 and the eighth power transistor Q8 can be N-channel MOSFETs, which work in conjunction with the first inductor L1 and the tenth diode D10 to boost the voltage; the first capacitor C1 can be a supercapacitor for energy storage and discharge.

[0069] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 5 The hydrogen energy module 1 includes a hydrogen energy battery, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a first reference power supply VF1, a second reference power supply VF2, a first comparator A1, a second comparator A2, an eleventh diode D11, and a twelfth diode D12.

[0070] Specifically, the first terminal of the hydrogen battery is connected to the second terminal of the third thyristor S3 and is connected to the non-inverting terminals of the first comparator A1 and the second comparator A2 through the fourth resistor R4 and one end of the fifth resistor R5. The other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the source of the seventh power transistor Q7 and the second terminal of the hydrogen battery. The inverting terminals of the first comparator A1 and the second comparator A2 are connected to the first reference power supply VF1 and the second reference power supply VF2, respectively. The output terminal of the first comparator A1 is connected to the IO9 terminal of the first controller U1, the anode of the twelfth diode D12 and the input terminal of the first inverter J1. The output terminal of the second comparator A2 is connected to the IO10 terminal of the first controller U1, the anode of the twelfth diode D12 and the anode of the eleventh diode D11. The cathode of the eleventh diode D11 is connected to the control terminal of the second thyristor S2.

[0071] In a specific embodiment, the first reference power supply VF1 can provide a first voltage threshold, and the second reference power supply VF2 can provide a second voltage threshold; both the first comparator A1 and the second comparator A2 can be selected as LM358 comparators.

[0072] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 6 The drone module 6 includes a drone load, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, a third comparator A3, and a third reference power supply VF3;

[0073] Specifically, the first end of the drone load is connected to the cathode of the first diode D1 and connected to the inverting input of the third comparator A3 and one end of the seventh resistor R7 through the sixth resistor R6. The other end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the second end of the drone load. The non-inverting input of the third comparator A3 is connected to the third reference power supply VF3. The output of the third comparator A3 is connected to the IO11 input of the first controller U1.

[0074] In a specific embodiment, the third comparator A3 can be an LM358 comparator; the third reference power supply VF3 can provide a low voltage threshold.

[0075] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 7 Emergency module 4 includes the tenth power transistor Q10 and the thirteenth diode D13;

[0076] Specifically, the drain of the tenth power transistor Q10 is connected to the cathode of the tenth diode D10, the source of the tenth power transistor Q10 is connected to the anode of the thirteenth diode D13, the cathode of the thirteenth diode D13 is connected to the first terminal of the UAV load, and the gate of the tenth power transistor Q10 is connected to the IO8 terminal of the first controller U1.

[0077] In a specific embodiment, the tenth power transistor Q10 can be an N-channel MOSFET.

[0078] The working principle of the battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance drones of this invention is as follows: The first battery triggers the first switch V1 to conduct, and the first thyristor S1 conducts, connecting the first, second, and third batteries in series to provide total electrical energy. The first diode D1 then supplies power to the drone load. The fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 perform voltage division sampling and voltage comparison on the hydrogen fuel cell. When the converted electrical energy exceeds a first voltage threshold, the first comparator A1 outputs a first detection signal, triggering the third thyristor S3 to conduct. This signal is received by the IO9 terminal of the first controller U1, causing the IO5 and IO6 terminals of the first controller U1 to control the conduction states of the seventh power transistor Q7 and the eighth power transistor Q8, in conjunction with the first inductor... L1 and the tenth diode D10 boost the voltage of the hydrogen-to-electricity conversion, and the first capacitor C1 stores and releases this first energy. To achieve voltage balance among the first, second, and third batteries, the IO7 terminal of the first controller U1 controls the ninth power transistor Q9 to conduct, thereby transmitting the first energy. When the second battery is the lowest-voltage single cell among the three groups of batteries, the IO2 terminal of the first controller U1 controls the third power transistor Q3 and the fourth power transistor Q4 to conduct, so as to transfer the first energy to the second battery for equalization charging. Similarly, when the third battery is the lowest-voltage single cell, the IO3 terminal of the first controller U1 controls the fifth power transistor Q5 and the sixth power transistor Q6 to conduct, so as to transfer the first energy to the third battery. The third battery is used for equalization charging. When the first battery has the lowest voltage, the IO1 terminal of the first controller U1 controls the first power transistor Q1 and the second power transistor Q2 to conduct, completing the equalization voltage control. The sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 perform voltage division processing on the total power. During this period, if the total power is less than the low voltage threshold provided by the third reference power supply VF3, the third comparator A3 outputs the third detection signal, which is received by the IO11 terminal of the first controller U1. At this time, the first controller U1 will stop controlling the equalization charging operation of the battery equalization module 2. At the same time, the IO4 terminal of the first controller U1 will control the fifth power transistor Q5, the fourth power transistor Q4, the first switch transistor V1, and the ninth power transistor Q9 to conduct, and the first thyristor S1 will be cut off. The first capacitor C1 is connected in series with the second and third batteries so that the first electrical energy is superimposed with the total electrical energy to output the second electrical energy, which meets the voltage requirements of the drone's load. When the converted electrical energy is greater than the second voltage threshold, it indicates that the hydrogen energy voltage is relatively high. The second detection signal output by the second comparator A2 is received by the IO10 terminal of the first controller U1 and triggers the second thyristor S2 and the third thyristor S3 to conduct. Part of the hydrogen energy converted by the battery powers the battery equalization module 2, meeting the equalization charging requirements of the battery equalization module 2. The other part is boosted by the first inductor L1, the eighth power transistor Q8, the seventh power transistor Q7, and the tenth diode D10, and then stored by the first capacitor C1. When the converted electrical energy is less than the first voltage threshold,The first inverter J1 triggers the second thyristor S2 to conduct. At this time, the total power provided by the battery balancing module 2 is transmitted and boosted by the power compensation module 3. The first capacitor C1 stores and releases the first power, which is used for balancing charging control of the first, second, or third battery, enabling the battery balancing module 2 to operate self-balancing. If the total power is less than the low-voltage threshold, the first controller U1 will stop the balancing charging operation of the battery balancing module 2 and control the power compensation module 3 to boost the total power provided by the first, second, and third batteries. The first capacitor stores and releases the first power. Simultaneously, the IO8 terminal of the first controller U1 controls the sixth power transistor Q6 and the tenth power transistor Q10 to conduct, so that the first capacitor C1 and the UAV load module form a circuit to power the UAV load, maintaining the power supply to the UAV load.

[0079] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0080] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance drones, characterized in that, The circuit includes: The hydrogen energy module is used for hydrogen-to-electricity conversion. It detects the magnitude of the converted electrical energy voltage by setting a first voltage threshold and a second voltage threshold. When the converted electrical energy is greater than the first voltage threshold, it outputs a first detection signal; when it is greater than the second voltage threshold, it outputs a second detection signal. The power compensation module is connected to the hydrogen energy module, the battery balancing module and the emergency module. It is used to boost and store the power converted by the hydrogen energy module or the total power provided by the battery balancing module and provide the first power. The first power is then transmitted to the battery balancing module or the emergency module, and the converted power is transmitted to the battery balancing module. The battery balancing module is used to provide total power through three sets of series-connected individual cells, receive power from the first power or power converted by the hydrogen energy module transmitted by the power compensation module, and perform equalization charging control on the individual cell with the lowest voltage among the three sets of individual cells, change the series connection state of the three sets of individual cells and connect them in series with the power compensation module to supply power, and superimpose the total power with the first power and output the second power. The emergency module, connected to the drone module, is used to transmit initial electrical energy to the drone module; The drone module, connected to the battery equalization module, is used to transmit the received total power, second power, or first power to the drone load. It samples the voltage of the received power and outputs a third detection signal when the sampled signal is less than the low voltage threshold. The microcontroller module, connected to the hydrogen energy module, power compensation module, battery balancing module, drone module, and emergency module, is used to control the power compensation module to transmit total power and perform voltage boosting when the first detection signal is not received, and to control the battery balancing module to receive the first power and perform equalization charging. If the third detection signal is received, equalization charging will stop and the emergency module will transmit the first power. During the period of receiving the first detection signal, the power compensation module will transmit the power converted by the hydrogen energy module and perform voltage boosting, and the battery balancing module will perform equalization charging. If the third detection signal is received, equalization charging will stop and the battery balancing module will be connected in series with the power compensation module for power supply. When the second detection signal is received, the power compensation module will transmit the power converted by the hydrogen energy module to the battery balancing module and perform voltage boosting, and the battery balancing module will perform equalization charging.

2. The battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance drones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery balancing module includes a battery pack unit, a connection control unit, and a balancing unit; A battery pack unit is used to provide total electrical energy through three sets of individual cells connected in series; The control unit is connected to the battery pack unit to change the series connection state of the three individual batteries and connect them in series with the power compensation module to supply power, so as to superimpose the total power with the first power and output the second power. The equalization unit, connected to the battery pack unit, is used to receive electrical energy converted from hydrogen energy by the first electrical energy or electrical energy compensation module and to perform equalization charging control on the single cell with the lowest voltage among the three groups of single cells.

3. The battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance drones according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power compensation module includes a path switching unit and a voltage boosting unit; The pathway switching unit is used to boost and store the electrical energy converted by the hydrogen energy module or the total electrical energy provided by the battery balancing module and provide the first electrical energy. The boost processing unit, connected to the path switching unit, is used to transmit the first electrical energy to the battery balancing module or the emergency module, and to transmit the electrical energy converted by the hydrogen energy module to the battery balancing module.

4. The battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance drones according to claim 3, characterized in that, The battery pack unit includes a first battery, a second battery, a first diode, and a third battery; the connection control unit includes a first resistor, a first switching transistor, a second resistor, and a first thyristor; the microcontroller module includes a first controller; The first end of the first battery is connected to the anode of the first diode and connected to the collector of the first switching transistor and the control terminal of the first thyristor through the first resistor. The second end of the first battery is connected to the first end of the second battery. The second end of the second battery is connected to one end of the first thyristor. The other end of the first thyristor is connected to the first end of the third battery. The second end of the third battery is connected to the emitter of the first switching transistor. The base of the first switching transistor is connected to the IO4 terminal of the first controller through the second resistor. The cathode of the first diode is connected to the drone module.

5. The battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance drones according to claim 4, characterized in that, The equalization unit includes a first power transistor, a second power transistor, a third power transistor, a fourth power transistor, a fifth power transistor, a sixth power transistor, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, a sixth diode, a ninth power transistor, a seventh diode, and an eighth diode; The source of the first power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the first battery. The drain of the first power transistor is connected to the source of the ninth power transistor, the drain of the third power transistor, and the drain of the fifth power transistor. The source of the second power transistor is connected to the second terminal of the first battery and the source of the third power transistor. The source of the fourth power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the third battery. The source of the fifth power transistor is connected to the second terminal of the second battery. The source of the sixth power transistor is connected to the second terminal of the third battery. The drain of the sixth power transistor is connected to the drain of the fourth power transistor and the drain of the second power transistor. The gate of the first power transistor is connected to the gate of the second power transistor and the IO1 terminal of the first controller. The gate of the third power transistor is connected to the anode of the second diode and... The first controller's IO2 terminal is connected to the first controller's IO4 terminal. The cathode of the second diode is connected to the cathode of the third diode and the gate of the fourth power transistor. The anode of the third diode is connected to the anode of the fourth diode, the anode of the eighth diode, and the first controller's IO4 terminal. The cathode of the fourth diode is connected to the gate of the fifth power transistor and the cathode of the sixth diode. The anode of the sixth diode is connected to the anode of the fifth diode and the first controller's IO3 terminal. The cathode of the fifth diode is connected to the cathode of the seventh diode and the gate of the sixth power transistor. The cathode of the eighth diode is connected to the first controller's IO7 terminal and the gate of the ninth power transistor. The anode of the seventh diode is connected to the first controller's IO8 terminal and the emergency module.

6. The battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance drones according to claim 5, characterized in that, The path switching unit includes a second thyristor, a third thyristor, a ninth diode, a first inverter, and a third resistor; One end of the second thyristor is connected to the source of the ninth power transistor, the other end of the second thyristor is connected to the first end of the third thyristor, the second end of the third thyristor is connected to the hydrogen energy module, the control end of the third thyristor is connected to the input end of the first inverter through the third resistor, the output end of the first inverter is connected to the anode of the ninth diode, and the cathode of the ninth diode is connected to the control end of the second thyristor.

7. A battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance drones according to claim 6, characterized in that, The boost processing unit includes a first inductor, an eighth power transistor, a seventh power transistor, a tenth diode, and a first capacitor; The drain of the eighth power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the third thyristor through the first inductor. The source of the eighth power transistor is connected to the drain of the seventh power transistor and the anode of the tenth diode. The cathode of the tenth diode is connected to the drain of the ninth power transistor and is connected to the source of the seventh power transistor and the drain of the sixth power transistor through the first capacitor. The gate of the eighth power transistor and the gate of the seventh power transistor are respectively connected to the IO6 and IO5 terminals of the first controller.

8. A battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance drones according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hydrogen energy module includes a hydrogen battery, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a first reference power supply, a second reference power supply, a first comparator, a second comparator, an eleventh diode, and a twelfth diode; The first terminal of the hydrogen battery is connected to the second terminal of the third thyristor and is connected to the non-inverting terminals of the first and second comparators and one terminal of the fifth resistor via the fourth resistor. The other terminal of the fifth resistor is connected to the source of the seventh power transistor and the second terminal of the hydrogen battery. The inverting terminals of the first and second comparators are connected to the first and second reference power supplies, respectively. The output terminal of the first comparator is connected to the IO9 terminal of the first controller, the anode of the twelfth diode, and the input terminal of the first inverter. The output terminal of the second comparator is connected to the IO10 terminal of the first controller, the anode of the twelfth diode, and the anode of the eleventh diode. The cathode of the eleventh diode is connected to the control terminal of the second thyristor.

9. A battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance drones according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drone module includes a drone load, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a third comparator, and a third reference power supply; The first end of the UAV load is connected to the cathode of the first diode and is connected to the inverting input of the third comparator and one end of the seventh resistor through the sixth resistor. The other end of the seventh resistor is connected to the second end of the UAV load. The non-inverting input of the third comparator is connected to the third reference power supply. The output of the third comparator is connected to the IO11 terminal of the first controller.

10. A battery energy conversion efficiency management system for long-endurance drones according to claim 9, characterized in that, The emergency module includes a tenth power transistor and a thirteenth diode; The drain of the tenth power transistor is connected to the cathode of the tenth diode, the source of the tenth power transistor is connected to the anode of the thirteenth diode, the cathode of the thirteenth diode is connected to the first terminal of the UAV load, and the gate of the tenth power transistor is connected to the IO8 terminal of the first controller.

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