VIN code pasting auxiliary tool and VIN code pasting method

By designing a VIN code pasting auxiliary tool, and utilizing the cooperation of auxiliary blocks and positioning heads, the problem of VIN code pasting position deviation was solved, enabling fast and accurate VIN code pasting and improving pasting accuracy and operational efficiency.

CN121404643APending Publication Date: 2026-01-27CHINA FAW CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202511431726.5
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2025-09-30
Publication Date
2026-01-27

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

During vehicle production, the placement of the VIN code can easily deviate, affecting the accuracy of the pasting and operational efficiency. This is especially true due to the unstable position of the VIN code and the black strip opening caused by manual operation by line workers and the unstable assembly status of the windshield.

Method used

Design a VIN code pasting auxiliary tool, including an auxiliary block and a positioning head. The auxiliary block is attached to the sheet metal and is positioned by the positioning hole and the positioning head is inserted into the vent hole to provide a pasting reference. The two sides of the VIN code abut against the positioning end face to achieve bidirectional positioning.

Benefits of technology

It improves the accuracy and efficiency of VIN code pasting, ensuring that VIN codes are pasted quickly and accurately in the designated location. The structure is simple and the method is quick and convenient.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle production, and particularly discloses a VIN code pasting auxiliary tool and a VIN code pasting method.The VIN code pasting auxiliary tool comprises an auxiliary block and a positioning head, the auxiliary block comprises a main body and a positioning part arranged on the main body, the main body is used for being attached to a metal plate, and the end face of the side, facing the main body, of the positioning part is a first positioning end face; the end face of the side, facing the positioning part, of the body is a second positioning end face, the first positioning end face and the second positioning end face are used for jointly positioning the VIN code, a positioning hole is formed in the body, an exhaust hole is formed in the metal plate, and the positioning head can penetrate through the positioning hole and is inserted into the exhaust hole so that positioning between the auxiliary block and the metal plate can be achieved. The VIN code pasting method is applied to the VIN code pasting auxiliary tool. According to the VIN code pasting auxiliary tool and the VIN code pasting method, auxiliary positioning can be achieved in the VIN code manual pasting process, the structure is simple, the method is rapid and convenient, and the VIN code pasting accuracy and operation efficiency are improved.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle manufacturing technology, and in particular to a VIN code pasting auxiliary tool and a VIN code pasting method. Background Technology

[0002] The VIN (Vehicle Identification Number), also known as the chassis number, contains a wealth of crucial information, including the vehicle's manufacturer, year of manufacture, model, engine code, and assembly location. The VIN allows for accurate vehicle identification and traceability. In actual production, the VIN is present in multiple locations on the vehicle, with the most easily accessible location being affixed to the sheet metal below the left-side front windshield. Operators create a rectangular sunroof in the black strip of the windshield to expose the VIN, making it convenient for viewing.

[0003] Currently, with increasingly stringent aesthetic requirements for automobiles, the appearance of the VIN code after affixing it is also becoming more demanding, demanding that the VIN code be centered within the opening of the black band. However, achieving this in actual production is quite difficult. This is due to two main reasons: firstly, VIN code affixing is mostly done manually by line workers, which can easily lead to affixing errors; secondly, the initial assembly state of the windshield is often unstable, resulting in inconsistent positions of the black band opening, and consequently, inconsistencies in the relative position of the VIN code and the opening. These factors can cause deviations in the final affixing position of the VIN code, affecting the accuracy of affixing and operational efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a VIN code pasting assistance tool that can assist in positioning during the manual pasting of VIN codes, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of VIN code pasting.

[0005] A VIN code pasting assistance tool, comprising:

[0006] An auxiliary block includes a main body and a positioning part disposed on the main body. The main body is used to fit onto sheet metal. The end face of the positioning part facing the main body is a first positioning end face, and the end face of the main body facing the positioning part is a second positioning end face. The first positioning end face and the second positioning end face are used to jointly position the VIN code. The main body has a positioning hole.

[0007] The positioning head has an exhaust hole in the sheet metal, and the positioning head can pass through the positioning hole and be inserted into the exhaust hole to achieve positioning between the auxiliary block and the sheet metal.

[0008] Preferably, the fit between the positioning head and the exhaust hole is a clearance fit.

[0009] Preferably, a first gripping part is provided on one side of the positioning head, which is used for the operator to grip.

[0010] Preferably, the auxiliary block has a slot communicating with the positioning hole, and the first gripping part can be partially inserted into the slot.

[0011] Preferably, the positioning head is integrally formed with the first gripping part.

[0012] Preferably, the main body includes a first portion and a second portion connected together. The inner surfaces of the first portion and the second portion together form a fitting end face for fitting with the outer surface of the sheet metal. The positioning portion is disposed on the second portion. The end face of the second portion facing the positioning portion is the second positioning end face. The thickness of the first portion is less than the thickness of the second portion.

[0013] Preferably, the auxiliary block further includes a second gripping part disposed on the second portion, the second gripping part being used for the operator to grip.

[0014] Preferably, the first portion, the second portion, the positioning portion, and the second gripping portion are integrally formed.

[0015] Preferably, the auxiliary block has multiple corner sections with rounded corners.

[0016] A method for pasting VIN codes, using the aforementioned VIN code pasting auxiliary tool, includes the following steps:

[0017] S100. The auxiliary block is attached to the sheet metal to which the VIN code is to be pasted, so that the positioning hole of the main body and the vent hole of the sheet metal are aligned with the center line.

[0018] S200. Keeping the position of the auxiliary block unchanged, the positioning head is passed through the positioning hole and inserted into the vent hole to achieve positioning between the auxiliary block and the sheet metal.

[0019] S300. Take the VIN code to be pasted, and abut the adjacent two sides of the VIN code with the first positioning end face and the second positioning end face respectively to achieve positioning between the VIN code and the sheet metal.

[0020] S400. Keeping the VIN code in the same position, paste the positioned VIN code onto the sheet metal.

[0021] Beneficial effects:

[0022] The VIN code pasting auxiliary tool provided by this invention has an auxiliary block whose main body is used to adhere to sheet metal and provide a pasting positioning reference for the VIN code. A positioning head is used to pass through the positioning hole of the main body and insert into the vent hole to achieve positioning between the auxiliary block and the sheet metal. Specifically, when pasting a VIN code, first, the auxiliary block is adhered to the sheet metal to which the VIN code is to be pasted, so that the positioning hole of the main body and the vent hole of the sheet metal are aligned on the center line. Next, keeping the position of the auxiliary block unchanged, the positioning head is passed through the positioning hole and inserted into the vent hole to achieve positioning between the auxiliary block and the sheet metal. After the auxiliary block is positioned, the VIN code to be pasted is taken out, and the adjacent two sides of the VIN code are respectively abutted against the first positioning end face and the second positioning end face to achieve bidirectional positioning between the VIN code and the sheet metal. Finally, keeping the position of the VIN code unchanged, the positioned VIN code is pasted onto the sheet metal, thus completing the entire VIN pasting process. The VIN code pasting assistance tool, along with the corresponding pasting method, can assist in positioning during the manual pasting of VIN codes, ensuring fast and accurate pasting. It has a simple structure, is quick and convenient, and improves the accuracy and efficiency of VIN code pasting. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the VIN code pasting auxiliary tool provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 An exploded view of the VIN code pasting auxiliary tool provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the auxiliary block provided by the present invention from one perspective;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the auxiliary block provided by the present invention from another perspective;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the auxiliary block of the present invention fitting with sheet metal;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sheet metal structure for which the VIN code is to be pasted in this invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram corresponding to step S100 of the VIN code pasting method provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram corresponding to step S200 of the VIN code pasting method provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram corresponding to step S300 of the VIN code pasting method provided by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating the VIN code pasting method provided by the present invention.

[0033] In the picture:

[0034] 1. Auxiliary block; 101. First positioning end face; 102. Second positioning end face; 103. Fitting end face; 11. Main body; 111. First section; 112. Second section; 113. Positioning hole; 114. Slot; 12. Positioning part; 13. Second gripping part; 14. Transition fillet;

[0035] 2. Positioning head; 21. First gripping part;

[0036] 3. Sheet metal; 31. Exhaust vent;

[0037] 4. VIN code. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "first position" and "second position" refer to two different positions. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the first feature in relation to the second feature includes the first feature directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "under," and "below" the first feature in relation to the second feature includes the first feature directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0041] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0042] This embodiment provides a tool for pasting VIN code 4. (Refer to...) Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the VIN code 4 pasting auxiliary tool includes an auxiliary block 1 and a positioning head 2. The auxiliary block 1 includes a main body 11 and a positioning part 12 disposed on the main body 11. The main body 11 is used to attach to the sheet metal 3. The end face of the positioning part 12 facing the main body 11 is the first positioning end face 101, and the end face of the main body 11 facing the positioning part 12 is the second positioning end face 102. The first positioning end face 101 and the second positioning end face 102 are used to jointly position the VIN code 4. The main body 11 has a positioning hole 113. The sheet metal 3 has a vent hole 31. The positioning head 2 can pass through the positioning hole 113 and be inserted into the vent hole 31 to achieve positioning between the auxiliary block 1 and the sheet metal 3.

[0043] Corresponding to the VIN code 4 pasting auxiliary tool, this embodiment also provides a VIN code 4 pasting method, which is described below. Figures 1 to 10 The beneficial effects of the VIN4 pasting auxiliary tool are described in detail, taking into account the VIN4 pasting method.

[0044] A method for pasting VIN code 4, using the aforementioned VIN code 4 pasting auxiliary tool. The VIN code 4 pasting method includes the following steps:

[0045] S100. Attach the auxiliary block 1 to the sheet metal 3 on which the VIN code 4 is to be pasted, so that the positioning hole 113 of the main body 11 and the vent hole 31 of the sheet metal 3 are aligned with the center line.

[0046] S200. Keeping the position of the auxiliary block 1 unchanged, the positioning head 2 is passed through the positioning hole 113 and inserted into the exhaust hole 31 to achieve positioning between the auxiliary block 1 and the sheet metal 3.

[0047] S300. Take the VIN code 4 to be pasted, and abut the adjacent two sides of the VIN code 4 with the first positioning end face 101 and the second positioning end face 102 respectively to achieve positioning between the VIN code 4 and the sheet metal 3.

[0048] S400. Keeping the position of VIN code 4 unchanged, paste the positioned VIN code 4 onto sheet metal 3.

[0049] In this embodiment, the main body 11 of the auxiliary block 1 is used to adhere to the sheet metal 3 and provide a mounting positioning reference for the VIN code 4; the positioning head 2 is used to pass through the positioning hole 113 of the main body 11 and be inserted into the vent hole 31 to achieve positioning between the auxiliary block 1 and the sheet metal 3. Specifically, when VIN code 4 needs to be pasted, firstly, the auxiliary block 1 is attached to the sheet metal 3 to which VIN code 4 is to be pasted, so that the positioning hole 113 of the main body 11 and the vent hole 31 of the sheet metal 3 are aligned on the center line; next, keeping the position of the auxiliary block 1 unchanged, the positioning head 2 is passed through the positioning hole 113 and inserted into the vent hole 31 to achieve positioning between the auxiliary block 1 and the sheet metal 3; after the auxiliary block 1 is positioned, the VIN code 4 to be pasted is taken out, and the adjacent two sides of the VIN code 4 are respectively abutted against the first positioning end face 101 and the second positioning end face 102 to achieve bidirectional positioning between the VIN code 4 and the sheet metal 3; finally, keeping the position of the VIN code 4 unchanged, the positioned VIN code 4 is pasted onto the sheet metal 3, thus completing the entire VIN pasting work. The VIN code 4 pasting auxiliary tool, in conjunction with the corresponding pasting method, can achieve auxiliary positioning during the manual pasting of VIN code 4, and ensure that VIN code 4 is pasted quickly and accurately. The structure is simple, the method is quick and convenient, and it improves the accuracy and efficiency of VIN code pasting.

[0050] For example, the first positioning end face 101 and the second positioning end face 102 are set at a 90° angle.

[0051] Specifically, the first positioning end face 101 and the second positioning end face 102 can together form an open groove structure similar to a V-shape. This arrangement provides sufficient space for the pasting operation of the VIN code 4, preventing the VIN code 4 from being pasted onto the sheet metal 3 or auxiliary block 1 due to insufficient space during the position adjustment process.

[0052] In this embodiment, the auxiliary block 1 is entirely made of PA12 material. PA12 is specifically polydodecanoic acid, also known as nylon 12. It is a high-performance long-chain nylon. Specifically, PA12 has a density of only 1.01-1.03 g / cm3, which is the lowest density among nylon materials, making it suitable for lightweight design; PA12 has a water absorption rate of about 0.5% and excellent dimensional stability; PA12 has a wide temperature range adaptability, with an operating temperature range of -50℃ to 120℃, and outstanding low-temperature resistance. In addition, PA12 has reliable mechanical and chemical properties. PA12 has better impact resistance than PA6 / PA66 and maintains its mechanical properties even in humid environments. PA12 is highly resistant to greases, fuels, weak acids / alkalis, and solvents, but has weak resistance to strong oxidizing acids. PA12 has a low coefficient of friction, making it suitable for manufacturing sliding parts such as gears and bearings. PA12 has good fluidity, a melt temperature of 240-300℃, and a shrinkage rate of 0.5%-2%, making it suitable for injection molding, extrusion, and 3D printing. It has good processing performance, is not prone to sticking to the mold during processing, and produces a high surface finish on the finished product.

[0053] In this embodiment, the fit between the positioning head 2 and the vent hole 31 is a clearance fit. Specifically, the radius of the positioning head 2 is set to 9.95 mm, the radius of the positioning hole 113 is also set to 9.95 mm, and the radius of the vent hole 31 is slightly larger than that of the positioning hole 113, set to 10 mm. This setting ensures that the positioning head 2 and the positioning hole 113 are dimensionally matched, resulting in a reliable and stable connection. Furthermore, the interference fit between the positioning head 2 and the vent hole 31 prevents the positioning head 2 from scratching the paint on the inner wall and outer edge of the vent hole 31.

[0054] In this embodiment, a first gripping part 21 is provided on one side of the positioning head 2, which is used for the operator to grip. Specifically, the operator can hold the first gripping part 21 during operation to grasp the positioning head 2, which is convenient, labor-saving, and easy to operate.

[0055] Furthermore, the auxiliary block 1 has a slot 114 communicating with the positioning hole 113, and the first gripping part 21 can be partially inserted into the slot 114. The insertion of the first gripping part 21 into the slot 114 makes the insertion between the positioning head 2 and the auxiliary block 1 more reliable and stable, and also serves to prevent the positioning head 2 from rotating, further facilitating positioning. It is worth mentioning that since the first gripping part 21 is not inserted into the vent hole 31, the insertion end of the positioning head 2 facing the vent hole 31 is set on the first gripping part 21. That is, the positioning head 2 and the first gripping part 21 are respectively inserted into the positioning hole 113 and the slot 114, thus jointly inserted into the auxiliary block 1, and the positioning head 2 further passes through the auxiliary block 1 and is inserted into the vent hole 31.

[0056] For example, the positioning head 2 protrudes 2mm from the insertion end of the exhaust hole 31 onto the first gripping part 21.

[0057] In this embodiment, the positioning head 2 and the first gripping part 21 are integrally formed. Specifically, since the positioning head 2 and the first gripping part 21 have relatively simple structures, the production method of integral forming is chosen to speed up production efficiency, eliminate the process of separate assembly of the positioning head 2 and the first gripping part 21, and also eliminate the introduction of external connecting parts such as screws and bolts, thereby reducing costs and simplifying the overall number of parts and structure.

[0058] For example, the height of the first gripping part 21 along the axial direction of the positioning head 2 is 30 mm, and the thickness along the radial direction of the positioning head 2 is 6.5 mm.

[0059] In this embodiment, the main body 11 includes a first portion 111 and a second portion 112 connected to each other. The inner surfaces of the first portion 111 and the second portion 112 together form a mating end face 103 for mating with the outer surface of the sheet metal 3. A positioning portion 12 is disposed on the second portion 112. The end face of the second portion 112 facing the positioning portion 12 is the second positioning end face 102, and the thickness of the first portion 111 is less than the thickness of the second portion 112. Specifically, in this embodiment, the mating end face 103 is adapted to the curvature of the corresponding outer surface of the sheet metal 3, so that the mating end face 103 can be completely mated to the outer surface of the sheet metal 3. Specifically, since the second portion 112 needs to be connected to components such as the positioning portion 12, the overall strength of the second portion 112 needs to be strengthened accordingly. Therefore, the strength of the second portion 112 is improved by increasing its thickness. In addition, setting the thickness of the first section 111 to be relatively smaller makes it easier for the first section 111 to be inserted between the sheet metal 3 and the corresponding sound-absorbing cotton, which facilitates operation.

[0060] For example, the thickness of the first portion 111 is 3 mm and the thickness of the second portion 112 is 5 mm.

[0061] In this embodiment, the auxiliary block 1 further includes a second gripping part 13 disposed on the second portion 112, which is used for the operator to grip. Specifically, the operator can hold the second gripping part 13 during operation to grasp the auxiliary block 1, which is convenient, labor-saving, and easy to operate.

[0062] For example, the height of the second gripper 13 is 20 mm, and the thickness along the positioning head 2 is 5 mm.

[0063] In this embodiment, the first part 111, the second part 112, the positioning part 12, and the second gripping part 13 are integrally formed. Specifically, since the overall structure of the first part 111, the second part 112, the positioning part 12, and the second gripping part 13 is relatively simple, an integrally formed production method is chosen to speed up production efficiency, eliminate the process of assembling each component separately, and also eliminate the need for external connecting parts such as screws and bolts, thereby reducing costs and simplifying the overall number of components and structure.

[0064] In this embodiment, the auxiliary block 1 has multiple corner portions with transition fillets 14. Specifically, the transition fillets 14 are provided to prevent the corner portions from scratching the operator's hands, ensuring the safety and reliability of the operation. For example, the corner portion between the first positioning end face 101 and the second positioning end face 102 of the auxiliary block 1 has a transition fillet 14 with a radius of 2mm, and the remaining corner portions of the auxiliary block 1 have transition fillets 14 with a radius of 5mm.

[0065] For example, arrows and indicator text may be provided on the auxiliary block 1 corresponding to the positions of the first positioning end face 101 and the second positioning end face 102, thereby explaining the pasting position and pasting method of the VIN code 4.

[0066] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A VIN code pasting auxiliary tool, characterized in that, include: The auxiliary block (1) includes a main body (11) and a positioning part (12) provided on the main body (11). The main body (11) is used to fit onto the sheet metal (3). The end face of the positioning part (12) facing the main body (11) is the first positioning end face (101), and the end face of the main body (11) facing the positioning part (12) is the second positioning end face (102). The first positioning end face (101) and the second positioning end face (102) are used to jointly position the VIN code (4). The main body (11) has a positioning hole (113). The positioning head (2) is provided with an exhaust hole (31) on the sheet metal (3). The positioning head (2) can pass through the positioning hole (113) and be inserted into the exhaust hole (31) to achieve positioning between the auxiliary block (1) and the sheet metal (3).

2. The VIN code pasting auxiliary tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning head (2) and the exhaust hole (31) are fitted with a clearance fit.

3. The VIN code pasting auxiliary tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The positioning head (2) is provided with a first gripping part (21) on one side, which is used for the operator to grip.

4. The VIN code pasting auxiliary tool according to claim 3, characterized in that, The auxiliary block (1) has a slot (114) connected to the positioning hole (113), and the first gripping part (21) can be partially inserted into the slot (114).

5. The VIN code pasting auxiliary tool according to claim 3, characterized in that, The positioning head (2) is integrally formed with the first gripping part (21).

6. The VIN code pasting auxiliary tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body (11) includes a first part (111) and a second part (112) connected to each other. The inner surfaces of the first part (111) and the second part (112) together form a fitting end face (103) for fitting with the outer surface of the sheet metal (3). The positioning part (12) is provided on the second part (112). The end face of the second part (112) facing the positioning part (12) is the second positioning end face (102). The thickness of the first part (111) is less than the thickness of the second part (112).

7. The VIN code pasting auxiliary tool according to claim 6, characterized in that, The auxiliary block (1) also includes a second gripping part (13) disposed on the second part (112), the second gripping part (13) being used for the operator to grip.

8. The VIN code pasting auxiliary tool according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first part (111), the second part (112), the positioning part (12) and the second gripping part (13) are integrally formed.

9. The VIN code pasting auxiliary tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary block (1) has multiple corners with transition rounded corners (14).

10. A method for pasting VIN codes, using the VIN code pasting auxiliary tool according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method for pasting the VIN code includes the following steps: S100, attach the auxiliary block (1) to the sheet metal (3) to which the VIN code (4) is to be pasted, so that the positioning hole (113) of the main body (11) and the exhaust hole (31) of the sheet metal (3) are aligned with the center line; S200. Keep the position of the auxiliary block (1) unchanged, pass the positioning head (2) through the positioning hole (113) and insert it into the exhaust hole (31) to achieve positioning between the auxiliary block (1) and the sheet metal (3); S300. Take the VIN code (4) to be pasted, and make the adjacent two sides of the VIN code (4) abut against the first positioning end face (101) and the second positioning end face (102) respectively, so as to realize the positioning between the VIN code (4) and the sheet metal (3); S400. Keeping the position of the VIN code (4) unchanged, paste the positioned VIN code (4) onto the sheet metal (3).