Automatic high-precision battery material evaluation system

Abstract

Apparatus and related methods relate to evaluating impurity content in battery materials. In an illustrative example, a battery material impurity assessment system (BMIAS) may include a slurry mixing system and an impurity extraction system (IES). The slurry mixing system may include, for example, a motor configured to rotate a vertical axis of the slurry container. For example, when the vertical axis rotates at a predetermined angle, the motor may suspend movement of the slurry container. For example, the IES may include a translatable magnet (TMM) enclosed within a sheath. For example, by manipulating the location of the TMM, the IES may release non-target impurities and retain target species. In some embodiments, the target species may be rapidly ionized by an acid treatment solution without direct heating. In some embodiments, the target substance may be dispersed on the conductive filter for direct subsequent analysis. Various embodiments may advantageously be used for fast high precision and fast impurity testing of battery fabrication.

Description

Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit under 35 USC § 119 of Korean Patent Application Serial No. 10-2024-0102462, filed August 1, 2024, entitled “Sample Impurity Collection Device and Sample Impurity Collection Method for Spectroscopy and Optical Analysis” by Jongwook Mah et al.; Korean Patent Application Serial No. 10-2024-0102463, filed August 1, 2024, entitled “Source Material Stirring Device for Separating Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Impurities and Source Material Stirring Method” by Jongwook Mah et al.; and Korean Patent Application Serial No. 10-2024-0107324, filed August 13, 2024, entitled “METHOD FOR COLLECTING MAGNETIC AND NON-MAGNETIC IMPURITIES FROM POWDER SOURCE MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR PREPARING COLLECTED IMPURITIES AS SAMPLES FOR ANALYSIS” by Jongwook Mah et al.

[0002] This application also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 683,620, filed August 15, 2024, entitled “ELECTRODE PURIFICATION” by Jongwook Mah et al. and U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 699,570, filed September 26, 2024, entitled “AUTOMATIC HIGH PRECISION BATTERY MATERIAL ASSESSMENT SYSTEM” by Jongwook Mah.

[0003] This application incorporates by reference the entire contents of the foregoing applications.

[0004] The subject matter of this application can have common inventors and / or can be related to the subject matter of: • U.S. Application Serial No. 63 / 624,184, titled MODULAR MAGNETIC IMPURITIES COLLECTION, by Kang Wook Shin, et al., filed January 23, 2024; • U.S. Application Serial No. PCT / US2023 / 076000, titled AUTOMATIC MAGNETIC IMPURITY SAMPLE ISOLATION, by Jongwook Mah, et al., filed October 4, 2023; • U.S. Application Serial No. 63 / 520,097, titled HIGH-PRECISION MAGNETIC PARTICLE COLLECTOR, by Jongwook Mah, et al., filed August 17, 2023; and • U.S. Application Serial No. 63 / 583,138, titled AUTOMATIC MAGNETIC IMPURITY SAMPLE ISOLATION, by Jongwook Mah, et al., filed September 15, 2023.

[0005] This application incorporates by reference the entire contents of the foregoing applications. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0006] Various embodiments generally relate to impurities in electrode materials. BACKGROUND

[0007] Battery technology has become a key focus in the automotive industry due to the global push for sustainable energy solutions. For example, some batteries can include several major components (e.g., cathode, anode, electrolyte, separator, current collector). The materials used in these components (e.g., lithium-based metal oxides for the cathode, graphite for the anode) can need to meet strict standards to ensure long-term performance and safety.

[0008] For example, in the context of EV battery manufacturing, bulk electrode materials can include magnetic impurities. Metals (e.g., iron, nickel, cobalt) and / or alloys (e.g., stainless steel) can exist in a ferromagnetic state. For example, these magnetic impurities can be of particular concern as they can interfere with the internal magnetic field of the battery. For example, the impurities can interfere with chemical reactions in the battery, leading to poor performance and safety issues. As an illustrative example, magnetic impurities can cause localized heating, reduced battery efficiency, or safety risks like thermal runaway. For example, these impurities can be nanometer-sized and have extremely low parts-per-billion (ppb) concentrations. SUMMARY

[0009] Devices and related methods relate to assessing impurity content in battery materials. In illustrative examples, a battery material impurity assessment system (BMIAS) can include a slurry mixing system and an impurity extraction system (IES). The slurry mixing system may, for example, include a motor configured to rotate a vertical axis of a slurry container. The motor may, for example, pause motion of the slurry container when the vertical axis is rotated at a predetermined angle. The IES may, for example, include a translatable magnetic block (TMM) enclosed within a sheath. The IES may, for example, release non-target impurities and retain target species by manipulating a position of the TMM. In some implementations, the target species can be rapidly ionized by an acid treatment solution without direct heating. In some implementations, the target species can be dispersed on a conductive filter for direct use in subsequent analysis. Various implementations can be advantageously used for rapid high-precision and rapid impurity testing of battery manufacturing.

[0010] Various implementations can achieve one or more advantages. For example, some implementations can advantageously mix a mixture uniformly without sedimentation. Some implementations may, for example, advantageously remove a gravity bottom of the mixture. Some implementations may, for example, minimize adhesion of battery materials to a slurry container. Some implementations may, for example, advantageously produce homogenization of a slurry. Some implementations may, for example, advantageously break up large particles (such as secondary or tertiary particles) into small particles (primary particles). Some implementations may, for example, advantageously facilitate separation of very small particles at nano and ppm levels in subsequent processing. Some implementations may, for example, advantageously eliminate a need for a separation process to remove any magnetic materials that are directly captured on a magnetic block. Some implementations may, for example, advantageously improve accuracy of capturing target magnetic impurities. Some implementations may, for example, advantageously reduce capillary action and allow for rapid drying to remove additional contaminants. Some implementations may, for example, reduce static electricity to prevent fine particles from clumping together or adhering to equipment. Some implementations may, for example, advantageously safely dissolve target species (e.g., magnetic impurities) without excessive heating. Some implementations may, for example, advantageously reduce contamination. Some implementations may, for example, advantageously increase particle retention. Some implementations may, for example, advantageously enable more accurate and clearer images to be obtained during (subsequent) SEM analysis. Some implementations may, for example, advantageously capture non-magnetic impurity alloys.

[0011] The details of various implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 An exemplary rapid high-precision impurity assessment system (RHPIAS) employed in an illustrative use case scenario is depicted.

[0013] Figure 2 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary battery impurity test central processing unit (BIT CPU).

[0014] Figure 3 depicts an exemplary schematic of an RHPIAS.

[0015] Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C , Figure 4D and Figure 4E depicts an exemplary material agitating mixing unit (MAMU).

[0016] Figure 5 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary MAMU controller.

[0017] Figure 6 depicts an exemplary target impurity collection unit (TICU).

[0018] Figure 7A depicts an exemplary impurity extraction device (IED).

[0019] Figure 7B and Figure 7C depict an exemplary acid composition, and a sample rinse solution, respectively, for a room temperature rapid impurity ionization process.

[0020] Figure 8 depicts an exemplary impurity capture device (ICD).

[0021] Figure 9 depicts an exemplary collection funnel and clip structure for an ICD described Figure 8 .

[0022] Figure 10 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary IED controller.

[0023] Figure 11 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary rapid high precision battery powder impurity evaluation method.

[0024] Figure 12 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary battery powder and impurity mixing method.

[0025] Figure 13 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary magnetic impurity capture method.

[0026] Figure 14 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary target magnetic impurity extraction method.

[0027] Figure 15 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary room temperature acid ionization method.

[0028] Figure 16 is a flowchart illustrating an example solid sample collection method.

[0029] Figure 17 An example ultrasonic processing system is shown.

[0030] Figure 18 is a flowchart illustrating an example extraction by ultrasonic processing method.

[0031] The same reference symbols in the various drawings indicate the same elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

[0032] To aid in understanding, this document is organized as follows. First, to help introduce the discussion of various embodiments, reference is made to Figures 1-3 A rapid high precision impurity assessment system (RHPIAS) is introduced. Second, this introduction leads to reference to Figures 4A-5 A description of some example embodiments of a battery slurry mixing module. Third, reference is made to Figures 6-7C and Figure 10 Various devices that can be used for impurity extraction applied to an example RHPIAS are described. Fourth, reference is made to Figures 8-9 The discussion turns to an explanation of example embodiments of a target impurity filtration unit. Fifth, reference is made to Figures 11-16 This document describes example apparatus and methods that can be used to accurately and rapidly sample and test battery materials. Sixth, reference is made to Figures 17-18 This document introduces ultrasonic processing devices that can be used for target impurity extraction. Finally, this document discusses additional embodiments, example applications, and aspects related to RHPIAS.

[0033] Figure 1 An example rapid high precision impurity assessment system (RHPIAS 100) employed in an illustrative use case scenario is depicted. In the depicted instance, the RHPIAS 100 includes an input port 105 and an output port 110. As shown, the RHPIAS 100 is operated by a user 115. In some embodiments, a single user can operate the RHPIAS 100. In some embodiments, the RHPIAS 100 can receive input from a machine (e.g., a conveyor system, a robotic arm).

[0034] For example, the input port 105 can receive a battery bulk material sample (BBMS 130) (e.g., a sample of bulk electrode material) in a mixture container 120. For example, the output port 110 can allow the user 115 to load the mixture container 120 with an electrode sample taken from the bulk electrode material. In some implementations, the mixture container 120 can be configured to hold a mixture 125 (e.g., a battery slurry) comprising the BBMS 130 and a dispersant.

[0035] For example, the BBMS 130 can include an anode active material, a cathode active material, a semiconductor material, an electronic material, a ceramic raw material, a metal powder, a pharmaceutical raw material, and / or a combination thereof. For example, the BBMS 130 can include ferromagnetic impurities (e.g., iron, nickel, cobalt), paramagnetic impurities (e.g., aluminum, magnesium, titanium, manganese), weakly magnetic impurities (e.g., copper, platinum, gold, graphite), and / or non-magnetic impurities (e.g., silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, residual organic matter, plastic particles). In some examples, the RHPIAS 100 can be configured to measure the presence and / or concentration of a target impurity (e.g., one or more types of ferromagnetic impurities).

[0036] For example, the BBMS 130 can be disposed (e.g., mixed) into a dispersant. In some implementations, the dispersant can be introduced by the RHPIAS 100 before and / or after the BBMS 130 is loaded into the mixture container 120 by the user 115. For example, the dispersant can be selected based on chemical and / or physical properties of the target impurity (e.g., polarity, hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, reactivity, impurity, volatility, wettability, fast drying). In some examples, the dispersant can include a viscosity that facilitates uniform dispersion of the target impurity based on surface tension. For example, the dispersant can be selected to facilitate a subsequent separation / analysis process. For example, the dispersant can include an (e.g., high concentration) alcohol liquid (e.g., ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propanol). For example, the dispersant can include an aqueous dispersant (e.g., deionized water, ultrapure water). For example, the dispersant can include an organic solvent (e.g., N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide). For example, the dispersant can include a mixed dispersant (e.g., an ethanol / water mixture, an aqueous solution with a surfactant added). In some implementations, a weight ratio of the BBMS 130 and the dispersant can be 1:1.5 to 1:20 (e.g., 1:2).

[0037] The output port 110 can include a rinse cup and a conical tube 135. The user can place the rinse cup and the conical tube 135 into the RHPIAS 100 and retrieve the used rinse cup and the conical tube 135 containing the impurity sample for further impurity analysis (e.g., inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis).

[0038] The RHPIAS 100 includes a high precision impurity extraction process (HPIEP 185) to extract a target impurity from the mixture 125. The HPIEP 185 includes a mixing module 140 and an impurity extraction module (IEM 145).

[0039] For example, the mixing module 140 can agitate the BBMS 130 in a dispersant. As shown, the mixing module 140 includes a movement profile 150. For example, the movement profile 150 can include a target movement profile to agitate the mixture container 120 based on the target impurity. For example, the movement profile 150 can advantageously mix the mixture 125 uniformly without sedimentation. In some embodiments, the movement profile 150 can include one or more rotation pause points to advantageously remove a gravity bottom of the mixture 125 within the mixture container 120.

[0040] In this example, after the mixture 125 is agitated by the mixing module 140, the mixture container 120 can be processed by the IEM 145 (e.g., by an internal transport system). As shown, the IEM 145 includes an impurity extraction rod (IER 155). For example, when the IER 155 is inserted into the mixture container 120, the IER 155 can capture magnetic and non-magnetic impurities from the mixture 125 in the mixture container 120.

[0041] As shown, the IER 155 includes a magnetic block 160. For example, the magnetic block 160 can include an electromagnet, a permanent magnet, and / or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the magnetic block 160 can translate within the IER 155 along a curved path. For example, a magnetic field at a surface of the IER 155 can vary based on a position of the magnetic block 160. In some examples, the magnetic block 160 can include a magnetization state at a first position (e.g., when the magnetic block 160 is moved downward toward a distal end of the IER 155). In some examples, the magnetic block 160 can include a demagnetization state at a second position (e.g., when the magnetic block 160 is moved upward away from the distal end of the IER 155).

[0042] For example, in a capture mode, the magnetic block 160 can move according to a first preset movement. For example, the IER 155 can capture magnetic substances within the mixture 125. For example, in a non-target substance flushing mode, the IER 155 can be flushed by a flushing solution to release non-target substances while the magnetic block 160 can move according to a second preset movement.

[0043] As shown, the IER 155 can be configured to be able to perform rotational motion (e.g., when inserted into the mixture container 120 to agitate the mixture 125 within the mixture container 120). In some examples, the IER 155 can be configured to perform translational motion (e.g., upward and downward motion, left and right motion).

[0044] In some embodiments, the IER 155 can operate in an ionization mode. For example, in the ionization mode, the IER 155 can be inserted into a container containing an acid treatment solution 165. For example, when the acid treatment solution 165 dissolves the target substance captured on the IER 155, the magnetic block 160 can operate in a third preset motion. In some implementations, the target substance dissolved in the acid treatment solution 165 can be introduced into a sample container (e.g., a conical tube 135) to be retrieved by the user 115.

[0045] Room temperature rapid impurity solvent In some implementations, the acid treatment solution 165 can be pre-loaded by the user 115 into a rinse cup. For example, the acid treatment solution 165 can include a 1 : 1 weight ratio of hydrochloric acid (HC1) and nitric acid (HNO3). For example, the acid treatment solution 165 can include sulfuric acid. In some examples, the acid treatment solution 165 can dissolve the target substance from the IER 155 in 15 minutes at room temperature.

[0046] In some embodiments, the acid treatment solution 165 can be introduced into a base solution in a rinse cup (pre-loaded) that is configured to raise the temperature of the acid treatment solution 165 by an acid-base reaction. For example, the base solution can include aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), and ammonia (NH4OH), aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4), and / or any combination thereof.

[0047] In some implementations, instead of the ionization mode, the IER 155 can operate in a sampling mode. For example, in the sampling mode, the target substance captured on the IER 155 can be captured on a filter paper 170 (e.g., carbon paper) to be sampled. For example, in the sampling mode, the IER 155 (e.g., after being rinsed of non-target material) can be inserted into an alcohol solution with the magnetic block 160 in a fourth preset motion (e.g., in a demagnetized state).

[0048] For example, the target substance captured on the IER 155 can be separated by a vacuum filtration step 175. For example, the alcohol solution containing the separated target substance can be vacuum filtered through a vacuum filter. For example, the filter paper 170 can be (quickly) dried after the vacuum filtration step 175. For example, the filter paper 170 can capture the dried target substance to be retrieved by the user 115. For example, the user 115 can advantageously place the filter paper 170 directly into a SEM machine for spectral analysis.

[0049] Figure 2 is a block diagram depicting an example battery impurity testing central processing unit (BIT CPU 200). As shown, the BIT CPU 200 receives the BBMS 130 for quality assessment. In this example, the BIT CPU 200 can process the BBMS 130 in a mixing process 205. For example, the mixing process 205 can include applying the mixture 125 with the BBMS 130 to rotate according to the motion trajectory 150. For example, the mixing process 205 can include inserting the IER 155 into the mixture container 120 to stir the mixture 125.

[0050] In an extraction process 210, the BIT CPU 200 can operate the magnetic block 160 according to a magnetic block motion trajectory (MMMP 215) to capture magnetic impurities from the mixture 125 in a capture mode, to remove non-target substances in a non-target substance flushing mode, and to release the target substance in a sampling mode. Regarding Figure 8 The various motion trajectories of the IER 155 and the magnetic block 160 are described in more detail.

[0051] In a collection process 220, the BIT CPU 200 can collect the target substance extracted from the BBMS 130 by the filter sampling unit 225 or the acid ionization unit 230. For example, the filter sampling unit 225 can include the filter paper 170 to collect the target substance. For example, the motor 415 can retrieve the target substance by dissolving the target substance in the acid treatment solution 165.

[0052] In a testing process 235, in this example, the BIT CPU 200 can assess the impurity level of the BBMS 130 using the SEM machine 240, the ICP machine 245, or the XRF machine 250. For example, the assessment results 255 can be transmitted to an external device (e.g., a display, a computer device). For example, the assessment results 255 can include the parts per billion (ppb) of one or more of the target substances within the BBMS 130. For example, the assessment results 255 can include a pass / fail indication related to the BBMS 130.

[0053] In this example, the BITCPU 200 also receives test information 260. For example, the test information 260 can be provided by a user. For example, the test information 260 can include a type of the BBMS 130. For example, the test information 260 can include a target substance to be extracted in a current process. For example, the test information 260 can include a dispersant used in the mixture container 120. In some embodiments, the BITCPU 200 can configure the motion trajectory 150 and the MMMP 215 based on the test information 260.

[0054] In some embodiments, the type of the BBMS 130 can include a cathode active material (e.g., a mixed metal cathode (MMC), lithium manganese phosphate (LMP), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA)). For example, the test information 260 can include a nickel content (e.g., high, low, approximate concentration) in the BBMS 130. For example, the test information 260 can include a magnetic property of the BBMS 130. For example, the test information 260 can indicate a precursor material in the BBMS 130. For example, the precursor material can be superparamagnetic. For example, the test information 260 can indicate that the BBMS 130 can be an anode active material (e.g., graphite, graphene).

[0055] Figure 3 An exemplary schematic of the RHPIAS is depicted. In the depicted example, the RHPIAS 300 includes the input port 105. For example, the user 115 can load the BBMS 130 into the mixture container 120 via the input port 105. In some embodiments, the mixture container 120 can be made of polypropylene. For example, the mixture container 120 can also be made of borosilicate glass, stainless steel, and / or Teflon. For example, an inner surface of the mixture container 120 can be super-smooth to advantageously minimize adhesion of the BBMS 130 to the inner surface.

[0056] In some embodiments, the mixture container 120 can be cylindrical. For example, the mixture container 120 can include an upper portion portion formed with an openable opening for introducing the BBMS 130 and a dispersant. For example, the mixture container 120 can include a lower bottom portion having a circular shape to allow uniform mixing.

[0057] In some embodiments, the input port 105 can be configured to automatically add a dispersant (e.g., ultrapure water, deionized water) to the mixture container 120 based on the weight of the BBMS 130. For example, the RHPIAS 300 can add 500 ml of water to 300 g of the BBMS 130. For example, the amount of dispersant can be in a non-linear relationship to the weight of the BBMS 130. For example, the RHPIAS 300 can add 300 ml of water to 150 g of the BBMS 130. For example, the RHPIAS 300 can add 750 ml of water to 500 g of the BBMS 130.

[0058] In this example, the RHPIAS 300 includes a robotic arm 305. For example, the robotic arm 305 can be controlled by a control module (not shown) of the RHPIAS 300. For example, the robotic arm 305 can transport the mixture container 120 from the input port 105 to the mixing module 140. Various embodiments can advantageously prevent the BBMS 130 from settling at the bottom of the mixture container 120.

[0059] After the mixing module 140 agitates the mixture container 120, the robotic arm 305 can move the mixture container 120 to the IEM 145. Then, after the non-targeted substance is removed from the IER 155, the IEM 145 can be transported by the conveyor system 310 to the ionization module 315. For example, the ionization module 315 can include a container 320 including the acid treatment solution 165. After the targeted substance is dissolved (e.g., after a predetermined duration) into the acid treatment solution 165, the robotic arm 305 can move the container 320 to the output port 110. For example, the user 115 can retrieve the container 320 from the output port 110 for further analysis.

[0060] Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B 、 Figure 4C 、 Figure 4D and Figure 4E depicts an exemplary material agitation mixing unit (MAMU). As shown in Figure 4A , the agitation device 400 includes a rotation module 405. The rotation module 405 is coupled to a mixing container 410 (e.g., the mixture container 120 as described in Figures 1-3 ). In this example, the agitation device 400 includes a motor 415. For example, the rotation module 405 can control the motor 415 to agitate (e.g., rotate, translate) the mixing container 410.

[0061] As shown, the agitation device 400 includes an interior space 420 to receive (e.g., slidingly) a tray 425 configured to hold a mixing container 410. For example, the tray 425 can slide into the interior space 420 via a guide rail 430. For example, the guide rail 430 can be configured to move the tray 425 in a horizontal direction. In some embodiments, the interior space 420 can include sufficient interior space to allow the tray 425 to rotate and / or translate and / or vibrate.

[0062] As shown in Figure 4B As shown in

[0063] As an illustrative example, the container holder 435 can be coupled to a top surface of the tray 425 to securely hold the mixing container 410. In some embodiments, the container holder 435 can include adjustable clamps to advantageously accommodate mixing containers 410 of various sizes.

[0064] As shown in Figure 4C As shown in

[0065] As shown in Figure 4C As shown in

[0066] In some embodiments, the motor 415 is coupled to a coupler 460 configured to connect the motor 415 to the tray 425, as shown inFigure 4B In some embodiments, the motor 415 can be connected to a sensor (e.g., a Hall sensor, a position sensor) configured to detect a rotational state of the motor 415 and / or a connection state between the coupler 460 and the motor 415. For example, the motor 415 can be capable of forward rotation and reverse rotation. For example, the motor 415 can advantageously efficiently mix the mixture 125 in the mixing container 410. For example, the motor 415 can include a stepper motor. For example, the motor 415 can include a servo motor. For example, the motor 415 can include an alternating current motor. For example, the motor 415 can include a direct current motor. For example, the motor 415 can include a pneumatic motor and a hydraulic motor. In some embodiments, the motor 415 can be configured to control precise steps of rotational displacement of a small angle (e.g., 1.8 degrees, 0.9 degrees, less than 0.9 degrees) of the mixing container 410. For example, the motor 415 can rotate the tray 425 based on the motion trajectory 150 to pause motion and resume motion at a predetermined angular displacement. For example, the agitating device 400 can advantageously remove a gravity bottom of the mixture 125 based on the motion trajectory 150.

[0067] As shown in Figure 4D As shown in

[0068] In some implementations, the tray 425 can be rotated. For example, the vertical axis 440 can be rotated to agitate the mixture 125 within the mixing container 410. In some implementations, in the mixing process 205, the tray 425 can be agitated with more than one motion trajectory 150 to ensure that the mixture 125 is sufficiently agitated. For example, the motion trajectory 150 can be selected based on the BBMS 130. For example, the motion trajectory 150 can include a rotation of the mixing container 410 by 180 degrees and a rotation stop time of 0.1 seconds to 1 second at that angle before resuming the rotational motion 465.

[0069] Figure 4E A cross-sectional view of the agitating device 400 is shown. The agitating device 400 includes a vertical axis 440 at an initial position that is vertical (e.g., perpendicular to a gravity gradient) with respect to the ground 470. As a non-limiting illustrative example, the agitating device 400 can be rotated clockwise as shown in Figure 4E For example, at a time after rotation begins, the motor 415 can rotate the vertical axis 440 of the tray 425 from the initial position 440a to a second angular position 440b. For example, the agitating device 400 can include an angular position sensor to detect an angular displacement Θ with respect to an initial (0°) position.

[0070] In some embodiments, the longitudinal axis 450 can control the motor 415 to temporarily pause when the second angular position 440b is 180° from the initial position 440a. For example, the mixture container 120 can remain inverted for a predetermined duration (e.g., 0.1 seconds, 1 second, 2 seconds, 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 1 minute) before rotation resumes. For example, the predetermined duration can be determined based on the type of BBMS 130 and / or dispersant contained in the mixture container 120. Various embodiments can advantageously eliminate a gravity bottom of the mixture container 120. For example, some embodiments can advantageously create homogenization of the mixture 125 without causing coalescence.

[0071] In various embodiments, a battery material mixing device (e.g., the agitation device 400) can include an actuator (e.g., the motor 415) coupled (e.g., via the coupler 460) to a container holder (e.g., the tray 425) configured to vertically house a container (e.g., the mixing container 410) of battery material, a dispersant, and impurities (e.g., the mixture 125). For example, at an initial point of 0 degree angular displacement, a vertical axis (e.g., the vertical axis 440) of the container is orthogonal to a gravity gradient of the container. For example, the actuator can be configured to rotate the vertical axis of the container holder about a horizontal axis (e.g., the longitudinal axis 450) according to a motion trajectory (e.g., the motion trajectory 150) that includes a temporary stop of motion of the container holder when the vertical axis is rotated 180 degrees.

[0072] Figure 5 is a block diagram depicting an example MAMU controller 500. The MAMU controller 500 includes a processor 505. The processor 505 may, for example, include one or more processing units. The processor 505 is operatively coupled to a communication module 510. The communication module 510 may, for example, include wired communication. The communication module 510 may, for example, include wireless communication. In the depicted example, the communication module 510 is operatively coupled to the motor 415, a sensor unit 515, a data input device 520, and a user interface 525.

[0073] In this example, the sensor unit 515 is connected to the motor 415. Further, the sensor unit 515 can measure rotational information including a rotational speed, a rotational direction, a rotational time, and / or a rotational angle of the motor 415. For example, the sensor unit 515 can include a detection sensor unit (e.g., an encoder, a potentiometer, a gyroscope, a Hall sensor, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a timer) to determine an angular position of the vertical axis 440.

[0074] In some embodiments, the sensor unit 515 can include sensors configured to measure environmental information (e.g., temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, weight of the mixing vessel 410). For example, the sensor unit 515 can include a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a barometric pressure sensor, a scale sensor, or other sensors configured to measure environmental parameters of the test chamber with the agitator 400.

[0075] In some embodiments, the sensor unit 515 can include sensors for detecting a good connection at the coupler 460. For example, upon receiving a signal indicating that the lid of the tray 425 is separated from the interior space 420, the example MAMU controller 500 can emergency stop the operation of the motor 415 to prevent spillage.

[0076] For example, the data input device 520 can include a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader. For example, the data input device 520 can include a barcode scanner. For example, the data input device 520 can be configured to retrieve information from a label (e.g., an RFID tag, a barcode, a quick response (QR) code) from outside the mixing vessel 410 to identify information about the mixture 125 introduced into the mixing vessel 410. For example, the data input device 520 can be configured to transmit and / or receive signals from a central controller (e.g., the BIT CPU 200). In some embodiments, the BIT CPU 200 can coordinate the testing process of the BBMS 130 based on the status at the BIT CPU 200. The user interface 525 can be configured to, for example, receive user input and / or display output to the user 115.

[0077] In some embodiments, a label can be affixed to a holder (e.g., the conical tube 135) of the output solution. For example, based on the information retrieved from the label, the BIT CPU 200 can be configured to transfer the holder to a pre-selected ICP machine (e.g., by the robotic arm 305). For example, the robotic arm 305 can be configured to transfer the holder to a pre-determined location (e.g., a specific compartment of an analysis machine, a designated storage area for analysis of, for example, a particular type of impurity). In some embodiments, the user interface 525 can display test information based on the label. In some embodiments, the holder can include holes configured to open the conical tube of the output solution. For example, the label can be disposed proximate to each hole.

[0078] The processor 505 is operatively coupled to the memory module 530. The memory module 530 may, for example, include one or more memory modules (e.g., random access memory (RAM)). The processor 505 includes a storage module 535. The storage module 535 may, for example, include one or more storage modules (e.g., non-volatile memory). In the depicted example, the storage module 535 includes a data collection engine (DCE 540), a motion matching engine (MME 545), a data comparison engine (DCE 550), a data analysis engine (DAE 555), and a motor control engine (MCE 560).

[0079] For example, the DCE 540 can collect mixing information including the mixture 125, the dispersant, and / or the type, concentration, viscosity, and other characteristics of the mixture 125. For example, the information can be received from the data input device 520 (e.g., RFID or barcode scan information of the mixture container 120 from the sensor unit 515). In some examples, the information can be received from user input received from the user interface 525.

[0080] The processor 505 is also operatively coupled to a data repository 565. The data repository 565 includes the motion trajectory 150. In the depicted example, the motion trajectory 150 includes a rotational pause point (RPP 570). For example, the MME 545 can match one of the motion trajectories 150 with the mixing information. In some implementations, the motion trajectory 150 can include rotational motion instructions, translational motion instructions, and / or vibrational motion instructions. In some implementations, the data repository 565 can agitate the mixing container 410 based on the motion trajectory 150. In some implementations, the MCE 560 can pause rotation of the tray 425 based on a location of the RPP 570. For example, the RPP 570 can indicate one or more angular positions of the rotational motion to be temporarily paused.

[0081] For example, the DCE 550 can receive user feedback (e.g., from the user interface 525, from the data input device 520). For example, the user feedback can include an assessment of the dispersant state of the mixture 125 after completion of a mixing process. For example, the mixing process can be completed upon completion of a full cycle indicated by the selected motion trajectory 150. In some implementations, the DCE 550 can update the user feedback to the historical user feedback 575 in the data repository 565 in real-time.

[0082] In some instances, mixture 125 may include a more viscous slurry (e.g., due to a larger volume of BBMS 130 loaded at input port 105). For example, motion trajectory 150 may include a longer pause time at RPP 570. For example, when the viscosity of mixture 125 is high, the duration of agitation may be extended based on motion trajectory 150.

[0083] For example, DAE 555 can record mixing parameters to be stored in historical mixing parameter database 580. Mixing parameters may include, for example, rotational speed, RPP 570 used, and rotational time of the mixing process. In some implementations, historical mixing parameter database 580 can be analyzed based on user feedback collected by DCE 550 to generate updated motion trajectories 150.

[0084] In some implementations, the DAE 555 can update the motion trajectory 150 in real time based on measurements from the sensor unit 515. Therefore, the exemplary MAMU controller 500 can advantageously select the motion trajectory 150 based on the characteristics of the mixture 125 to adaptively enhance the efficiency and accuracy of mixing in real time.

[0085] For example, the MCE 560 can be configured to control the motor 415 in real time to adjust the motor 415 to switch between more than one motion trajectory 150 during the mixing process. For example, the motion trajectory 150 may include rotational speed, rotational direction, rotational duration, and RPP 570 and corresponding rotational stop time based on the current rotational angle (e.g., second angular position 440b).

[0086] In some embodiments, the data repository 565 may include multiple rotational / motion trajectories. For example, based on the BBMS 130 and / or dispersant used, the MME 545 may select motion trajectory 150 to produce homogenization of mixture 125. Various embodiments may advantageously break down large particles (such as secondary or tertiary particles) in mixture 125 into smaller particles (primary particles). In some instances, small impurities that may adhere to or agglomerate between large particle impurities can be effectively released. Various embodiments may advantageously facilitate the separation of very small particles at the nanometer and ppm levels in subsequent processing.

[0087] Figure 6 An exemplary Target Impurity Collection Unit (TICU) is depicted. In the depicted example, TICU 600 includes a mixing container 605 (e.g., a mixing container 120). For example, the mixing container 605 may contain powdered materials (e.g., BBMS 130) and water to mix them into a slurry.

[0088] As shown, the TICU 600 includes the IER 155. For example, the IER 155 can be hung on the conveyor system 610. In some embodiments, the IER 155 can be operated to be inserted into the mixture container 605 for initial collection (e.g., first portion of the extraction process 210) of impurities (e.g., including paramagnetic particles and ferromagnetic particles) from the slurry.

[0089] The TICU 600 includes the rinse container 615. For example, the TICU 600 can perform the second portion of the extraction process 210 in the rinse container 615 to rinse away non-targeted substances. In some embodiments, as a pre-treatment process, the rinse container 615 can clean the IER 155 to remove excess cathode powder and / or non-targeted substances to isolate targeted substances (e.g., impurities of interest) to be retained with the IER 155 in the rinsing process.

[0090] For example, multiple rinses can be performed during the rinsing process. In some embodiments, excess solution / mixture with cathode powder (e.g., and / or non-targeted substances) can be poured out after each rinse. After the rinsing process is complete, the rinse container 615 can contain the acid treatment solution 165 (e.g., as the acid ionization unit 230) for ionizing the remaining targeted impurity particles.

[0091] As shown, the TICU 600 includes the conical tube 620. For example, the conical tube 620 can include a 50 mL conical tube configured to receive a final sample after an ionization process. For example, the conical tube 620 can receive the acid treatment solution 165 with ionized particles from the rinse container 615. In some embodiments, the acid treatment solution 165 can be diluted to 50 mL (e.g., or other suitable volume based on quantity and / or pH value requirements) in the conical tube 620.

[0092] Figure 7AAn example impurity extraction device (IED) is depicted. In this example, the IED 700 includes an IER 155 connected to a motion module 705. For example, the motion module 705 can be configured to move the IER 155 from a center of the IED 700 to a periphery of the IED 700. In some examples, the motion module 705 can be configured to rotate the IER 155 about a central axis 710 of the IED 700. In some examples, the motion module 705 can be configured to vertically lift the IER 155 parallel to the central axis 710 (e.g., move up and down). In some examples, the motion module 705 can move the IER 155 circularly about the central axis 710 at various diameters. Thus, for example, the motion module 705 can advantageously allow the IER 155 to sweep across contents of a vessel (e.g., mixing vessel 410) when inserted into the vessel. For example, the IER 155 can advantageously efficiently capture magnetic material in the vessel.

[0093] In the depicted example, the IER 155 includes a rod sheath 715. For example, the rod sheath 715 can be magnetically permeable. For example, the rod sheath 715 can include a chemically stable material (e.g., polypropylene, Teflon®). Teflon is a registered trademark of Chemours Company FC, LLC, headquartered in Wilmington, Delaware, USA. In some examples, the rod sheath 715 can include plastic (e.g., acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)).

[0094] The rod sheath 715 encloses the magnetic block 160 and a position control rod 720. For example, the position control rod 720 can be configured to adjust a position of the magnetic block 160 in the rod sheath 715.

[0095] In some implementations, the IER 155 can advantageously eliminate the need for a separation process to remove any magnetic material that is directly captured on the magnetic block 160. In some examples, the magnetic block 160 can have no magnet damage issues when removing directly captured magnetic material from the magnetic block 160.

[0096] In the depicted example, the position control rod 720 can move the magnetic block 160 from a first position 725a to a second position 725b. For example, at the first position 725a, the IER 155 can be magnetized at an outer surface of the rod sheath 715 (e.g., magnetically above a first predetermined threshold to attract magnetic impurities). At the second position 725b, the IER 155 can be demagnetized at the outer surface of the rod sheath 715.

[0097] As shown, the rod sheath 715 can include a variable thickness. For example, the rod sheath 715 can include a thinner wall (e.g., 0.8 mm, 1 mm, less than 1.2 mm) at the distal end of the IER 155.

[0098] In some embodiments, the first position 725a can be preset near the distal end of the IER 155. For example, the second position 725b can be preset at a position above the fill level of the mixture 125 in the rinse container (e.g., the rinse container 615). Thus, for example, when the magnetic block 160 is at the second position 725b, no magnetic field is generated in the mixture 125. In some embodiments, the second position 725b can be configured at the proximal end of the IER 155. For example, the second position 725b can be configured above a predetermined fill level in the rinse container 615.

[0099] In some embodiments, the motion module 705 can control the orientation of the magnetic block 160 in the mixture 125. For example, by rotating the IER 155, a selected face of the magnetic block 160 can be controlled to face a particular direction (e.g., outward from the central axis 710, inward toward the central axis 710). For example, the motion module 705 can control the orientation of the north / south poles of the magnetic block 160.

[0100] By adjusting the magnetic strength at the outer surface, target magnetic impurities can be captured according to the magnetic strength required to capture the target magnetic impurities. Various embodiments can advantageously improve the accuracy of capturing target magnetic impurities.

[0101] As a non-limiting illustrative example, the IER 155 can first operate in the first position 725a to capture magnetic material in the mixture 125 with a first preset motion. For example, the magnetic material can be captured on the outer surface of the rod sheath 715 by the magnetic strength of the magnetic block 160. With the magnetic block 160 in the first position 725a, in some embodiments, the motion module 705 can move the IER 155 through the entire space within the container at a first speed for a first duration of time. For example, the motion module 705 can continue to agitate until it stops a second time at the center of the container. As a non-limiting illustrative example, the first preset motion can be a motion that includes moving the IER 155 at a speed of 1 m / min for 2.5 min and stopping at the center of the container for 20 seconds. In some embodiments, the speed and stop duration can vary according to the type of BBMS 130 (e.g., material composition, mass fraction). In some embodiments, the IER 155 can include a tap around the bottom of the mixture container 120 at the beginning of the first preset motion.

[0102] In the collection process 220 after the magnetic impurities are captured by the IER 155, the IER 155 can be rinsed, for example, in a container holding a rinsing liquid to remove non-targeted substances. For example, in the collection process 220, the IER 155 with the captured magnetic substances can be inserted into a container holding a rinsing liquid.

[0103] For example, the rinsing liquid can include an alcoholic liquid (e.g., ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol). For example, the rinsing liquid can include an aqueous dispersion (e.g., deionized water, ultrapure water). For example, the rinsing liquid can include an organic solvent (e.g., N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide). For example, the rinsing liquid can include an ethanol / water mixture, an aqueous solution with a surfactant, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the rinsing liquid can be selected to rinse the IER 155 to disperse it uniformly. Various embodiments can advantageously reduce capillary action on the rod-shaped sheath 715. In some implementations, an ethanol-based rinsing liquid can advantageously allow for fast drying, removal of additional contaminants, and reduction of static electricity to prevent fine particles from clumping together or adhering to the equipment, various embodiments can advantageously improve the efficiency and accuracy of targeted impurity capture.

[0104] In some implementations, in the collection process 220, the IER 155 can be operated with a second preset motion to rinse the non-targeted substances captured from the rod-shaped sheath 715. For example, the second preset motion can include a release step to position the magnetic block 160 in the second position 725b and simultaneously shake the IER 155 (e.g., actuated by the motion module 705). For example, the second preset motion can include a recapture step to reposition the magnetic block 160 at the first position 725a and simultaneously shake the IER 155 to recapture the magnetic material. For example, the second preset motion can include multiple (2, 3, 4, …, N) repetitions of the release step and the recapture step.

[0105] As an illustrative example, in the release step, the second preset motion can include shaking the IER 155 using the magnetic block 160 moving at a speed of 5 m / min along a predetermined path (e.g., up-down direction, left-right direction) between the first position 725a and the second position 725b to shake off the magnetic material attached to the IER 155. For example, the second preset motion can include shaking the IER 155 with the magnetic block 160 in a closed (e.g., demagnetized) position. For example, shaking the IER 155 can include moving the IER 155 up and down for a first predetermined duration (e.g., 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, less than one minute) to release the magnetic material. In some implementations, the speed can be determined based on the test information 260. For example, a higher viscosity can require a reduced speed to reduce the frictional force between the rod-shaped sheath 715 and the mixture 125.

[0106] For example, in the recapturing step, the second preset motion can include holding the IER 155 at the central axis 710 for a second predetermined duration (e.g., 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, less than one minute) with the magnetic blocks 160 in the open (e.g., magnetized) position to recapture the magnetic material suspended in the rinse solution. For example, the IER 155 can be controlled to move up and down within the rinse vessel to capture magnetic impurities in the rinse vessel while the IER 155 is located at the central axis 710. In various examples, the speed value and the time value can vary based on the BBMS 130 and the target species. In various examples, the first predetermined duration, the second predetermined duration, the predetermined path, and the predetermined speed can be selected based on the non-target species expected in the mixture 125 (e.g., battery slurry).

[0107] In some embodiments, the collection process 220 can be repeated multiple times by discarding the rinse liquid with the non-target material released from the IER 155. For example, the rinse liquid can be reintroduced to rinse the IER 155 again. For example, the number of repetitions can be from 3 to 10, but is not limited thereto. Other variations can also be possible.

[0108] In some embodiments, the magnetic strength at the outer surface of the rod sheath 715 can be adjusted by operation of the position control lever 720. By adjusting the position of the magnetic blocks 160 and the speed of the motion of the IER 155, weakly magnetic particles, semi-ferromagnetic particles, and / or paramagnetic particles can also be captured. For example, a slowly moving IER 155 can advantageously maintain a magnetic strength greater than 5000 Gauss by the motion of the IER 155 to reduce the frictional force between the IER 155 and the rinse liquid. Thus, the attractive force to non-magnetic impurity particles is greater than the frictional force. For example, completely non-magnetic pure non-magnetic impurity particles (e.g., copper (Cu)) can advantageously be collected by, for example, slowly moving the IER 155 and / or the magnetic blocks 160. Thus, for example, non-magnetic impurity alloys (e.g., Cu-Zn, Cu-Fe, Cu-Ni) in the BBMS 130 can advantageously be captured.

[0109] In some embodiments, the IER 155 can be operated in the acid ionization unit 230 in the collection process 220. For example, after rinsing off the non-target species, the IER 155 can be inserted into a vessel containing the acid treatment solution 165. For example, the IER 155 can be operated with a third preset motion. For example, the target species captured by the IER 155 can be dissolved in the acid treatment solution 165.

[0110] In some implementations, a third preset movement can position the magnet 160 at the second position 725b. For example, the IER 155 can tilt and move to the first position 725a for a predetermined duration (e.g., 30 minutes, 2 hours, 4 hours). For example, the third preset movement can include a tilting movement of the user 115, wherein the magnet 160 moves to the second position 725b for 1 minute.

[0111] Figure 7B and Figure 7C Exemplary acid compositions and sample rinsing solutions for rapid impurity ionization processes at room temperature are described. Figure 7B In the example depicted, acid-treated solution 730 (e.g., as shown in reference) Figures 1-3 The described acid treatment solution 165 can advantageously and safely dissolve a target substance (e.g., a magnetic impurity) without excessive heating. For example, the target substance may include an alloy (e.g., stainless steel). For example, IER 155 can be inserted into the acid treatment solution 730 to dissolve objects that remain trapped after the release process.

[0112] In this example, the acid treatment solution 730 comprises hydrochloric acid 735 (HCl), nitric acid 740 (HNO3), or a combination thereof, at suitable concentrations. For example, the acid treatment solution 730 may comprise 50% concentrations of hydrochloric acid 735 and nitric acid 740. For example, the weight ratio between hydrochloric acid 735 and nitric acid 740 may be 1:1.

[0113] The acid treatment solution 730 includes sulfuric acid 745. For example, the acid treatment solution 730 may include 20% sulfuric acid 745. In some embodiments, the acid treatment solution 730 may include 1%-20% sulfuric acid 745. In some instances, the weight ratio between hydrochloric acid 735, nitric acid 740, and sulfuric acid 745 may be 20:20:1. For example, the weight ratio between hydrochloric acid 735, nitric acid 740, and sulfuric acid 745 may be 30:10:1.

[0114] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of hydrochloric acid 735 to nitric acid 740 can initially be controlled within a range of 1:1 to 3:1. For example, a small amount of sulfuric acid 745 can be added. In some embodiments, one part sulfuric acid 745 can be added to 15 parts of an acid containing both hydrochloric acid 735 and nitric acid 740. In some embodiments, if the acid is 20% concentrated, the acid treatment solution 730 may include 0.5% sulfuric acid 745. For example, if the acid is 98% concentrated, the acid treatment solution 730 may include 2% sulfuric acid 745.

[0115] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid is in a range from 1 : 1 to 3: 1. For example, the acid treatment solution 730 can include 0.4% - 2% sulfuric acid 745. For example, the acid concentration of the sulfuric acid solution added to make the acid treatment solution can be 20%. For example, the acid concentration of the sulfuric acid solution added to make the acid treatment solution can be 98%.

[0116] In some embodiments, the acid treatment solution 730 can be added with a base solution 750. In some embodiments, the base solution 750 can be added after the target material is dissolved in the acid treatment solution 730 for a predetermined duration. For example, the base solution 750 can include a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, a potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, or a solution of a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) in appropriate proportions. For example, the base solution 750 can include sodium hydroxide (NaOH). For example, the base solution 750 can include potassium hydroxide (KOH). For example, the base solution 750 can include calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). For example, the base solution 750 can include magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2). For example, the base solution 750 can include barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2). For example, the base solution 750 can include lithium hydroxide (LiOH). For example, the base solution 750 can include an aqueous solution of ammonia (NH4OH). For example, the base solution 750 can include aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3). For example, the base solution 750 can include sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4), and / or combinations thereof. For example, the ratio between the base solution 750 and the acid treatment solution 730 can be 1 :2.

[0117] For example, the user 115 can adjust the specific pH or acid concentration of the acid treatment solution 730. In some embodiments, the base solution 750 can include water. For example, the water can dilute a fully concentrated acid solution to a 60% - 70% concentration. For example, a lower concentration of acid can advantageously be safer for the user 115.

[0118] In some embodiments, the base solution 750 can raise the temperature of the acid treatment solution 730 through an acid-base reaction. For example, ammonium hydroxide can be used to induce a temperature increase from room temperature to, for example, 40°C - 90°C. As a non-limiting illustrative example, the acid treatment solution 730 can include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and 25% sodium hydroxide in a weight ratio of 1 : 1 :4. For example, the user 115 can wash in a first acid treatment solution having a 1 : 1 ratio of hydrochloric acid 735 and nitric acid 740 at room temperature. Next, for example, 25% sodium hydroxide can be added to raise the temperature of the acid treatment solution to 80°C to 95°C.

[0119] In some embodiments, the acid treatment solution 730 can be adjustable based on the target substance to be dissolved (e.g., by adjusting the ratio of hydrochloric acid 735 to nitric acid 740). For example, the acid treatment solution 730 can include an alkaline solution 750 configured to generate heat through acid-base neutralization. For example, the acid treatment solution 730 can advantageously eliminate the need for a mechanical heat source (e.g., a hot plate) installed in the RHPIAS 300. For example, the acid treatment solution 730 can be adjustable to meet the (e.g., safety) acidity requirements of user 115. In some instances, the acid treatment solution 730 can dissolve the target substance from IER 155 within 10 minutes at room temperature (e.g., without direct heating).

[0120] In various embodiments, an impurity rinsing method for rinsing target impurities from an impurity sample collection rod (e.g., IER 155) may include the steps of: (1) placing the rod in a treatment solution (e.g., acid treatment solution 730) that may include nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid, and holding the rod in the treatment solution at room temperature for up to 10 minutes. Various embodiments can advantageously provide solution samples for ICP analysis safely and rapidly.

[0121] like Figure 7C As shown, sample container 755 (e.g., a rinse cup collected at output port 110) may include acid treatment solution 730 and dissolved target substance (DTS 760). During collection process 220, DTS 760 can be sampled by introducing sampling rinse solution 765 into sample container 755.

[0122] In some embodiments, the sampling rinse solution 765 may be a solution for adjusting the appropriate pH value and a solution for sampling the DTS 760 in an appropriate amount. For example, the sampling rinse solution 765 may include deionized water. For example, the sampling rinse solution 765 may include ultrapure water. For example, the sampling rinse solution 765 may be generated to convert the acid treatment solution 730 to meet predetermined standards (e.g., 3%-10% acid). In some instances, the predetermined standards may be determined based on safety standards. For example, the predetermined standards may be determined based on the requirements of subsequent analytical instruments (e.g., ICP instruments).

[0123] In some embodiments, the DTS 760 can be injected into a sample container (e.g., conical tube 135). For example, a predetermined amount of a sampling rinse solution 765 (e.g., deionized water) can be disposed in the sample container 755. For example, after the target substance is dissolved, the IER 155 can be inserted into the sample container 755 containing the sampling rinse solution 765. For example, the sampling rinse solution 765 can be injected into the sample container 755 for sampling. In various examples, the sampling rinse solution 765 can be injected to rinse the IER 155 multiple times (e.g., 3 times, 5 times, 7 times).

[0124] As a non-limiting illustrative example, if a three-rinse process is performed with deionized water, the total amount of deionized water can be divided among the first, second, and third rinse amounts in a ratio of 4:3:2. For example, the final sample solution in the sample container 755 can meet a predetermined pH value, and the total amount of the solution is suitable for a subsequent analytical method (e.g., ICP method).

[0125] In some embodiments, the base solution 750 and the acid treatment solution 730 can be about 95: 100. For example, the acid treatment solution 730 can be heated to almost boiling by an acid-base reaction. For example, the acid-base solution can release water. For example, the acid value of the final solution (e.g., less than 5% acid) can be advantageously neutralized. For example, the final solution can then be ready to be directly analyzed without the addition of a sampling rinse solution 765.

[0126] Figure 8 An example impurity capture device (ICD) is depicted. In this example, the ICD 800 includes filter paper 805 and a funnel 810. For example, the ICD 800 can generate a solid sample for SEM analysis by passing a sampling solution 815a through the funnel through the filter paper 805. As shown, the sampling solution 815a is produced by rinsing the IER 155 with a high percentage alcohol 815b after an extraction process that leaves only the target substance. In this example, the ICD 800 receives the sampling solution 815a at the funnel 810.

[0127] As shown, the funnel 810 includes a top opening 820a and a bottom opening 820b. For example, the high percentage alcohol 815b can be introduced through the top opening 820a to the bottom opening 820b after the impurity particles are dispersed in the solvent. As shown, the ICD 800 includes a clip 825 configured to mount the filter paper 805.

[0128] The ICD 800 includes a tube 830 and a liquid injection opening 835. The ICD 800 includes a liquid collection container 840. The liquid collection container 840 includes an O-ring 845 coupled to the liquid injection opening 835. For example, when the O-ring 845 engages the funnel 810, the O-ring 845 can tightly seal (e.g., airtight seal) the liquid collection container 840.

[0129] In some implementations, the sampling solution 815a can be a solution to be vacuum filtered. As shown, the ICD 800 includes a vacuum pump 850 coupled to the tube 830. For example, in operation, the vacuum pump 850 can reduce the (internal) air pressure in the liquid collection container 840.

[0130] For example, the top opening 820a can include a diameter of 50 mm to 100 mm. For example, the bottom opening 820b can include a diameter of 8 mm to 13 mm. In some implementations, the diameter of the top opening 820a can be greater than 50 mm to facilitate introduction of the sampling solution 815a. For example, the diameter of the bottom opening 820b can be greater than 8 mm to reduce filtration time. For example, the funnel 810 can advantageously reduce the layer of impurities distributed on the filter paper 805. For example, the diameter of the bottom opening 820b can be less than 13 mm. For example, the funnel 810 can advantageously prevent impurities from being distributed too widely to impede test efficiency.

[0131] For example, the clip 825 can be made of a rigid material (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene, polycarbonate). In some examples, the clip 825 can include stainless steel. As shown, the clip 825 includes a first hole 855 formed with a diameter equal to the diameter of the bottom opening 820b and a second hole 860 formed with a diameter less than the diameter of the first hole 855. For example, the diameter of the second hole 860 can be 0.8 times the diameter of the diameter of the first hole 855. For example, the size ratio between the first hole 855 and the second hole 860 can advantageously prevent the filter paper 805 from sagging in the filtration direction during the vacuum filtration process.

[0132] In some implementations, the liquid collection container 840 can include a material (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, glass, ceramic, alumina, or a combination thereof) that does not deform or break when the vacuum pump 850 is depressurized. In some implementations, the liquid collection container 840 can include polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, glass, ceramic, alumina, or any combination thereof. For example, the vacuum pump 850 can include a depressurization power to move the liquid in the funnel 810 into the liquid collection container 840 within 30 seconds without damaging the filter paper 805.

[0133] As an illustrative example, when the sampling solution 815a is poured into the funnel 810 and the vacuum pump 850 is running. Impurity particles can be captured on the filter paper 805, for example. The filter paper 805 can be dried, for example. After drying, the filter paper 805 can include a solid sample of the target substance washed off the IER 155, for example.

[0134] In some implementations, the high percentage alcohol 815b can include an alcohol-based solvent with a purity of 97% or higher. For example, the high percentage alcohol 815b can include an alcohol-based solvent with a purity of 50% or higher. For example, the high percentage alcohol 815b can be ethanol. For example, the high percentage alcohol 815b can be methanol. For example, the high percentage alcohol 815b can be isopropyl alcohol. For example, the high percentage alcohol 815b can be other alcohols (e.g., butanol). In some implementations, the high percentage alcohol 815b can be replaced with a non-alcohol solvent with low surface tension (e.g., acetone, water with surfactant, NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone)).

[0135] For example, using the high percentage alcohol 815b, impurities can be uniformly distributed in a monolayer on the filter paper 805 during the filtration process due to the low surface tension of the alcohol-based solvent. In some implementations, the high percentage alcohol 815b can be rapidly evaporated at room temperature (e.g., room temperature) and (e.g., atmospheric pressure) pressure. Various embodiments can advantageously reduce contamination and improve evaluation accuracy.

[0136] PON1E: The block is transferred to a demagnetization position in the rod, and the target impurities on the rod are washed with a solution onto a filter paper by a vacuum filtration process. For example, the impurities are captured by the filter paper for direct placement in an element diagnostic machine for further analysis.

[0137] As shown, the target impurity washing process 865 can be performed by inserting the IER 155 into a container with the high percentage alcohol 815b. For example, the IER 155 can be shaken (e.g., up and down) within the container. After a predetermined time, the container can include the high percentage alcohol 815b with the target substance and the high percentage alcohol 815b. For example, the sampling solution 815a can then be poured into the funnel 810 for sample collection.

[0138] In some examples, the target impurity washing process 865 can be performed by spraying the high percentage alcohol 815b onto the IER 155. For example, the high percentage alcohol 815b can wash off the target substance on the IER 155 and become the sampling solution 815a. For example, the sampling solution 815a can flow directly into the funnel 810 for sample collection. In some examples, the high percentage alcohol 815b in this method can need a lower alcohol content to prevent burning during the spraying process.

[0139] Figure 9 depicted for reference Figure 8 An exemplary collection funnel and clip structure of the described ICD is depicted. In this example, the funnel and clip structure (FACS 900) includes funnel 810 and clip 825. Conductive filter paper 905 is affixed to the bottom of funnel 810. For example, the conductive filter paper 905 can include carbon-based filter paper.

[0140] In some embodiments, the conductive filter paper 905 can be 10 mm to 15 mm wide and 20 mm to 50 mm long. For example, the conductive filter paper 905 can be formed to be larger than the size of the bottom opening 820b. In some embodiments, the conductive filter paper 905 can include a pore size of 0.1 μιη to 0.45 μιη. For example, the pore size can be tailored to suit the specific needs of the current test. For example, a smaller pore size can advantageously allow for a slower filtration rate but more particles to be filtered out (e.g., resulting in a higher throughput). In some examples, a larger pore size can advantageously allow for a faster filtration rate and reduce sampling time. For example, a larger pore size can advantageously allow for the filtration of powdery materials (e.g., anode active material primary particles, BBMS 130) to obtain a higher percentage of target impurities. In some embodiments, the conductive filter paper 905 can include an adhesive layer (e.g., a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) adhesive layer) to advantageously increase particle retention. In some examples, the conductive filter paper 905 can advantageously collect target substances in a single layer.

[0141] In some examples, the conductive filter paper 905 can be configured to be placed directly in the SEM machine 910 for SEM analysis. Thus, for example, the FACS 900 can advantageously eliminate the need to transfer solid impurities from the sample collection device to a separate carbon tape.

[0142] In various embodiments, the conductive filter paper 905 can be (inherently) conductive to prevent charge build-up on the surface of the impurity sample. For example, the conductive filter paper 905 can advantageously enable more accurate and clearer images during (subsequent) SEM analysis. For example, the conductive filter paper 905 can be graphene filter paper and gold coating. For example, the conductive filter paper 905 can be tungsten mesh. For example, the conductive filter paper 905 can be thin (e.g., less than 20 μιη thick) to facilitate drying speed. For example, the conductive filter paper 905 can be 10 μιη - 12 μιη thick. For example, the conductive filter paper 905 can dry within 5 minutes after filtration of high percentage alcohol 815b.

[0143] In some embodiments, a non-conductive filter membrane can be used instead of the conductive filter paper 905. For example, the non-conductive filter membrane may comprise a polyvinylidene fluoride polyimide membrane. For example, the non-conductive filter membrane may be less than 9 μm. In some instances, the non-conductive filter membrane may be adhered to a conductive layer (e.g., carbon-based paper) after the vacuum filtration and drying processes for subsequent SEM analysis. For example, the non-conductive filter membrane may be bonded to the conductive layer at the bottom surface.

[0144] Figure 10 This is a block diagram depicting an exemplary IED controller. For example, the IED controller 1000 shown can control, as referenced... Figures 1-3 The impurity extraction machine described herein. As shown in this example, the IED controller 1000 includes a processor 1005. The processor 1005 may, for example, include one or more processing units. The processor 1005 is operatively coupled to a communication module 1010. The communication module 1010 may, for example, include wired communication. The communication module 1010 may, for example, include wireless communication. In the depicted example, the communication module 1010 is operatively coupled to a central controller 1015, an IER motor 1020, and a magnetic block motor 1025.

[0145] For example, the IED controller 1000 can receive control signals from the central controller 1015. For example, the central controller 1015 can transmit instructions to the IED controller 1000 to initiate various sub-processes in the target impurity collection process. Based on these instructions, for example, the IED controller 1000 can control the IER motor 1020 and the magnetic block motor 1025. For example, the IED controller 1000 can control the central controller 1015 and the IER motor 1020 to perform a first preset movement, a second preset movement, and a third preset movement. For example, the motion module 705 may include the IER motor 1020. For example, the magnetic block motor 1025 may be coupled to a position control lever 720 configured to control the position of the magnetic block 160.

[0146] Processor 1005 is operatively coupled to memory module 1030. Memory module 1030 may include, for example, one or more memory modules (e.g., random access memory (RAM)). Processor 1005 includes storage module 1035. Storage module 1035 may include, for example, one or more storage modules (e.g., non-volatile memory). In the depicted example, storage module 1035 includes collection engine 1040, flushing engine 1045, ionization engine 1050, and filtration engine 1055.

[0147] For example, the collection engine 1040 can be configured to control the IER 155 to collect impurities from the mixture container 120. For example, the rinse engine 1045 can be configured to control the IER 155 to undergo a rinse process to remove non-target material from the IER 155. For example, the ionization engine 1050 can be configured to control the IER 155 to discharge target material into the acid treatment solution 730. For example, the filtration engine 1055 can be configured to control the IER 155 to allow flushing through the sampling solution 815a to the ICD 800.

[0148] The processor 1005 is also operably coupled to a data repository 1060. The data repository 1060 includes an impurity collection motion profile 1065, a rinse motion profile 1070, an ionization motion profile 1075, and a filtration motion profile 1080. For example, the collection engine 1040 can control the magnet block motor 1025 and the IER motor 1020 according to the impurity collection motion profile 1065 during an impurity collection process.

[0149] In some embodiments, the impurity collection motion profile 1065 can include a stirring step. For example, the impurity collection motion profile 1065 can include inserting the IER 155 into the mixture container 120. For example, the impurity collection motion profile 1065 can include a first motion to control the IER motor 1020 to stir the mixture 125 in the mixture container 120 while positioning the magnet block motor 1025 in a closed position. For example, the impurity collection motion profile 1065 can include positioning the IER 155 at the central axis 710 while moving the magnet block motor 1025 to an open position to capture magnetic impurities in the mixture 125.

[0150] For example, the rinse engine 1045 can control the magnet block motor 1025 and the IER motor 1020 according to the rinse motion profile 1070 during a rinse process. For example, the rinse motion profile 1070 can include controlling the IER 155 in a plurality of cycles of rinse motion. In this example, each rinse motion profile 1070 includes a magnet block position 1085, a magnetization duration 1090, and a rod velocity and path (RVAR 1095). As described with reference to Figures 7A-7C As described, the IED controller 1000 can control the IER 155 and the magnet block 160 in a plurality of cycles. For each cycle, the rinse engine 1045 can operate the IER 155 and the magnet block 160 according to the rinse motion profile 1070 for the cycle, where the position of the block, the duration of the magnetization, and the rod motion are based on the magnet block position 1085, the magnetization duration 1090, and the RVAR 1095.

[0151] For example, the magnet block position 1085 can control a final position of the magnet block 160 along a curved path within the rod sheath 715. For example, the final position can affect a magnetic strength outside of the rod sheath 715. For example, the magnetization duration 1090 can control a duration of the magnet block 160 within a cycle at the distal end of the IER 155. For example, a shorter duration can prevent the IER 155 from attracting weaker magnetic particles (e.g., paramagnetic particles).

[0152] For example, the RVAR 1095 can control the motion of the IER 155 to advantageously reduce a frictional force between the IER 155 and the flushing liquid. Thus, an attractive force to non-magnetic impurities is greater than the frictional force. For example, the RVAR 1095 can advantageously capture non-magnetic impurity alloys (e.g., Cu-Zn, Cu-Fe, Cu-Ni).

[0153] For example, the ionization engine 1050 can control the magnet block motor 1025 and the IER motor 1020 according to an ionization motion trajectory 1075 during an acid ionization process. For example, the ionization motion trajectory 1075 can include inserting the IER 155 into the flushing vessel 615. For example, the ionization motion trajectory 1075 can include operating the magnet block motor 1025 to be positioned in a (magnetic) off position. For example, the ionization motion trajectory 1075 can include holding the IER 155 in the flushing vessel 615 for a predetermined duration (e.g., 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 10 minutes).

[0154] For example, the filtration engine 1055 can control the magnet block motor 1025 and the IER motor 1020 according to a filtration motion trajectory 1080 during a sample filtration process. For example, the filtration motion trajectory 1080 can include tilting the IER 155 at an angle to facilitate a flow of the sample solution 815a on the outside of the rod sheath 715 and toward the ICD 800. For example, the filtration motion trajectory 1080 can include operating the magnet block motor 1025 to be positioned in a (magnetic) off position.

[0155] Figure 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example rapid high-precision battery powder impurity assessment method. For example, the method 1100 can be performed by the controller of the RHPIAS 300 to extract an impurity sample to be filled into the vessel 320. For example, the method 1100 can be performed by the BITCPU 200 to generate the assessment result 255. For example, the method 1100 can be performed by the RHPIAS 100 to create the sample at the output port 110.

[0156] In this example, the method 1100 begins when a battery mixture sample and mixture information is received at an input port in step 1105. For example, the BITCPU 200 can receive the BBMS 130 into the mixture container 120 at the output port 110. For example, the BITCPU 200 can collect the BBMS information via a user interface or by scanning a device (e.g., the sensor unit 515, the data input device 520). For example, the mixture information can include the type and concentration of materials involved. Next, in step 1108, the battery mixture sample is transferred to a vertical axis rotational mixer. For example, the robotic arm 305 can transfer the mixture container 120 from the input port 105 to the mixing module 140.

[0157] In step 1110, the vertical axis rotational mixer is activated to homogenize the mixture. For example, the BITCPU 200 can control the example MAMU controller 500 to rotate the mixture container 120 based on the motion trajectory 150, which is selected based on the test information 260. Next, in step 1115, the homogenized mixture is transferred to a target impurity extraction station. For example, the robotic arm 305 can move the mixture container 120 to the TICU 600.

[0158] Next, in step 1120, the target impurity extraction station is activated. For example, the BITCPU 200 can use the IED 700 to initiate the extraction process 210 to capture magnetic impurities from the mixture in the mixture container 120 and extract the target substance from the magnetic impurities according to the MMMP 215.

[0159] At decision point 1125, it is determined whether the target impurity has been collected. For example, the BITCPU 200 can evaluate whether the impurity has been successfully captured by the IER 155 based on feedback from sensors in the system (e.g., internal and / or external to the BITCPU 200). For example, the BITCPU 200 can receive user feedback on whether the target substance was collected. If the target impurity has not been collected, step 1120 is repeated.

[0160] In step 1130, if the target impurity has been collected, the target impurity is transferred to a collection station. For example, the conveyor system 610 can move the IER 155 to an acid ionization station or the ICD 800 for sample collection.

[0161] In step 1135, the collection station is activated to create a compliant output sample. For example, the BIT CPU 200 can control the collection station to perform any additional rinsing, drying, or filtering needed to prepare the sample for analysis. For example, the compliant output sample can be within a predetermined pH range. For example, the compliant output sample can be directly suitable for subsequent testing (e.g., ICP analysis, SEM analysis, XRF analysis).

[0162] In step 1140, a sample ready signal is generated and the method 1100 ends. For example, once the collection process 220 is complete, the BIT CPU 200 can send a signal indicating that the sample is ready at the output port 110 for analysis and / or further processing.

[0163] Figure 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example battery powder and impurity mixing method. For example, the method 1200 can be performed by the example MAMU controller 500 to produce homogenization of the mixture 125. For example, the method 1200 can be performed at step 1120 in the method 1100.

[0164] In this example, the method 1200 begins in step 1205 when the slurry mixing container is received at the container holder, which is disposed in a tray extending along a longitudinal axis. For example, the container holder is in an upright position with a vertical axis that is orthogonal to the gravity gradient. For example, the MAMU controller 500 can receive a signal indicating that the mixing container 410 is properly positioned in one of the container compartments 445. For example, the vertical axis 440 of the mixture 125 can be orthogonal to the gravity gradient.

[0165] In step 1210, the tray is retracted to be releasably coupled to the motor. For example, the MAMU controller 500 can receive a signal indicating that the tray 425 is retracted to connect with the motor 415. Next, in step 1215, the motor is activated to rotate the tray about the longitudinal axis based on a selected motion trajectory. For example, the MME 545 can select a motion trajectory 150 to control the motor 415. For example, the MME 545 can select the motion trajectory 150 based on the type, concentration, and viscosity of the mixture 125.

[0166] At decision point 1220, it is determined whether the mixing is complete. For example, the MAMU controller 500 can determine that the mixing is complete when a predetermined duration of agitation is complete (e.g., 1 minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes, or more). For example, a sensor in the MAMU controller 500 can adaptively monitor the uniformity of the mixture using the sensor unit 515 and determine whether the mixing meets predetermined criteria. If the mixing is complete, the method 1200 ends.

[0167] If mixing is not complete, at decision point 1225, it is determined whether the vertical axis is at a predetermined angle. For example, the MAMU controller 500 can use an angular position sensor (e.g., a position sensor, a Hall sensor) to detect whether the vertical axis 440 has rotated to a specified angular position (e.g., 0 = 180°). If the vertical axis is not at the predetermined angle, step 1215 is repeated.

[0168] If the vertical axis is at the predetermined angle, at step 1230, motion of the tray is temporarily stopped for a predetermined duration while the tray is held at the predetermined angle. For example, the MAMU controller 500 can pause rotation of the tray 425 based on the motion trajectory 150, allowing the mixture to settle before continuing rotation. For example, the temporary stop can advantageously eliminate a gravity bottom of the mixture container 120. After the predetermined duration, step 1215 is repeated. For example, when rotation is stopped, the tray 425 can rock the mixing container 410. Based on the structure of the coupler 460, the tray 425 can rock back and forth 4°-6°. For example, the rocking can shake off material that is suspended at the upper surface (initially the container bottom) of the mixing container 410.

[0169] Figure 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example target impurity capture method. For example, the IED controller 1000 can perform the method 1300 as illustrated. For example, the IED controller 1000 can control the IER 155 to capture magnetic impurities from a mixture 125 in a mixture container 120 in a first preset motion. In this example, the method 1300 begins when the IER is inserted into a container holding a battery slurry. For example, the IED controller 1000 can instruct the motion module 705 to insert the IER 155 into a mixture container 120 holding a battery slurry with battery material and dispersant.

[0170] In step 1310, the translatable magnetic blocks in the IER are translated to a first position to capture magnetic impurities in the battery slurry. For example, the magnetic blocks 160 inside the IER 155 can be moved to their first position by the position control rods 720 along a curvilinear path. For example, at the distal end of the IER 155, the magnetic blocks 160 can generate the highest magnetic field at the outer surface of the rod-shaped sheath 715, capturing magnetic impurities in the mixture 125 (e.g., battery slurry thoroughly mixed by the agitator 400) to be captured at the outer surface of the rod-shaped sheath 715.

[0171] Next, in step 1315, the IER is caused to move along a predetermined path around the mixing vessel at a predetermined speed for a predetermined duration. For example, the IER 155 can be moved by the motion module 705 along a predetermined three-dimensional path. For example, the motion module 705 can rotate the IER 155 around the central axis 710 at a speed determined by the IED controller 1000. For example, the predetermined speed can be determined in accordance with the impurity collection motion trajectory 1065. For example, the motion module 705 can move the IER 155 up and down. For example, the motion module 705 can control the IER 155 to tap the bottom of the vessel. For example, the motion module 705 can control the IER 155 to rotate around an axis at a variable diameter. In some embodiments, the variable diameter can be determined by the dimensions of the motion module 705. For example, the IER 155 can spin around the rod-shaped sheath 715.

[0172] At decision point 1320, it is determined whether the capture process is complete. For example, the IED controller 1000 can evaluate sensor feedback and / or timing parameters to determine whether the magnetic impurities have been sufficiently captured. If the process is not complete, step 1315 is repeated.

[0173] If the capture process is complete, in step 1325, the target impurity extraction process is activated, and the method 1300 ends. For example, the IED controller 1000 can trigger the flushing engine 1045 to extract the target substance from the magnetic impurities captured by the collection engine 1040.

[0174] Figure 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example target magnetic impurity extraction method. For example, the method 1400 can be performed by the IED controller 1000 to control the IER 155 to release non-target substances (e.g., paramagnetic impurities) from the outer surface while retaining target substances (e.g., ferromagnetic impurities). In this example, the method 1400 begins in step 1405 when a flushing process is initiated by operating the IER into a flushing vessel of a flushing liquid upon receiving a signal indicating that magnetic impurities are captured at the outer surface of the magnetically permeable sheath of the IER. For example, the IED controller 1000 can receive a signal from the collection engine 1040 indicating that magnetic impurities are present on the outer surface of the IER 155.

[0175] In step 1410, the number of flushing cycles (N) to be performed is determined based on the flushing motion trajectory. For example, the flushing engine 1045 of the IED controller 1000 can determine the number of cycles required based on the flushing motion trajectory 1070 stored in the data repository 1060.

[0176] In step 1415, a loop counter is initialized by setting i = 1. For example, the IED controller 1000 can set an internal counter for the first flush cycle.

[0177] In step 1420, the ith release position, the ith predetermined first duration, the ith recapture position, and the ith predetermined second duration are retrieved. For example, the IED controller 1000 can retrieve the corresponding release and recapture positions and associated durations from the flush motion trajectory 1070 in the data repository 1060.

[0178] Next, in step 1425, the magnetic block is translated to the ith release position. For example, the position control rod 720 of the IER 155 can be operated by the IER motor 1020 to move the magnetic block 160 within the rod-shaped sheath 715 to the specified release position (e.g., according to the magnetic block position 1085, distal from the distal end of the IER 155).

[0179] In step 1430, the rod is shaken (e.g., moved up and down and rotated about the central axis 710) for the ith predetermined first duration. For example, the motion module 705 can translate the IER 155 up and down and rotate it about the central axis 710 according to the RVAR 1095 along a predetermined path at a predetermined speed for a specified duration to release the non-target material from the rod.

[0180] In step 1435, the magnetic block is repositioned at the magnetization position. For example, the position control rod 720 can be used to move the magnetic block 160 back to the first position to prepare for recapturing the target material.

[0181] In step 1440, the rod is moved (e.g., to tap the bottom surface of the flush container 615) to the ith predetermined recapture position and held for the ith predetermined second duration. For example, the motion module 705 can move the IER 155 to the recapture position, at which the IER 155 can reattract the target magnetic impurities by moving the IER 155 up and down for a predetermined time (e.g., according to the magnetization duration 1090).

[0182] At decision point 1445, it is determined whether the current rinse cycle is the last one (i = N). For example, the IED controller 1000 can check an internal counter against the total number of rinse cycles determined in step 1410. If the cycle count has not reached N, the cycle counter is incremented by 1 in step 1450, and step 1420 is repeated. If the cycle count (i) has reached N, the method 1400 ends. For example, the IER 155 can proceed to a subsequent process, such as being transferred to a different station for further analysis or cleaning. For example, the IED controller 1000 can trigger the filtration engine 1055 to begin a filtration or ionization process.

[0183] Figure 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example room temperature acid ionization method. For example, the BIT CPU 200 can conduct the method 1500 as illustrated in the acid ionization unit 230. In this example, the method 1500 begins in step 1505 when the IER is inserted into a container holding an acid treatment solution. For example, the IED controller 1000 can insert the IER 155 into a container holding an acid treatment solution 165 as described with reference to the above.

[0184] In step 1510, the translatable magnetic block in the IER is translated to a demagnetized position. For example, the position control rod 720 can be activated by the magnetic block motor 1025 to move the magnetic block 160 along a curved path within the rod sheath 715 to a demagnetized position. For example, the magnetic block 160 can remain in an open position to prevent the target substance from being prematurely released onto the surface of the acid treatment solution 730 when the IER 155 is immersed into the acid treatment solution 730.

[0185] In step 1515, the IER is maintained within the acid treatment solution at room temperature. For example, the IED controller 1000 can maintain the IER 155 in the acid treatment solution at room temperature (e.g., 15-30 °C). At decision point 1520, it is determined whether a predetermined time has elapsed. For example, the IED controller 1000 can use an internal timer to check whether the set time for the acid ionization process (e.g., determined by the ionization motion trajectory 1075, 2-10 minutes) has been completed. If the time has not elapsed, step 1515 is repeated.

[0186] Next, in step 1525, a base solution is added. For example, the base solution 750 can be added to the acid treatment solution 730 to raise the temperature. For example, the base solution 750 can be added to generate water to neutralize the acidity of the acid treatment solution 730.

[0187] If the predetermined time has elapsed, in step 1530, a sample rinsing solution is added to the acid treatment solution to produce the final sample. For example, the amount of sample rinsing solution (e.g., deionized water) can be determined to maintain the final sample at an appropriate volume and acidity. Next, in step 1535, a signal indicating that the final sample is ready for collection is generated, and method 1500 ends. For example, the IED controller 1000 can generate a signal (e.g., a visual marker at the user interface, a data signal) to notify the control system (e.g., BITCPU 200) and / or user 115 that the sample is ready for collection at output port 110. For example, the sample can be used directly for ICP machine 245.

[0188] Figure 16 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary solid sample collection method. For example, method 1600 can be performed by BITCPU 200 using ICD 800 to generate a solid sample on filter paper suitable for SEM machine 240. In this example, method 1600 begins when the IER containing the target substance is transferred to a vacuum filtration device after the non-target substance has been removed. For example, BITCPU 200 can move IER 155 to filter sampling unit 225 (e.g., ICD 800).

[0189] In step 1610, a sampling solution is applied to the IER based on the target impurity rinsing process. For example, as referenced... Figure 8 As discussed, the IER 155 can be rinsed by spraying the sampling solution onto it. For example, as referenced... Figure 8 As discussed, the IER 155 can be rinsed by pouring the sampled solution onto it. For example, as referenced... Figure 8 As discussed, the IER 155, containing the target impurity, can be rinsed by first immersing it in a high-percentage alcohol 815b and then releasing the target substance by closing the magnetic field at the rod-shaped sheath 715. The resulting solution (e.g., sampling solution 815a) is then poured onto filter paper 805 through funnel 810. For example, high-percentage alcohol 815b can be applied to the IER 155. In step 1615, the mixture of the sampling solution and the target substance is received on conductive filter paper. For example, filter paper 805 can receive sampling solution 815a through funnel 810.

[0190] At decision point 1620, it is determined whether additional flushing cycles are necessary. For example, BITCPU 200 may include a filter track indicating the number of flushes to be performed on IER 155. If more flushes are required, step 1610 is repeated.

[0191] If rinsing is no longer needed, then in step 1625, the conductive filter paper is dried. For example, high percent alcohol 815b can dry quickly at room temperature due to the high alcohol content of high percent alcohol 815b. Next, the conductive filter paper is transferred directly to the SEM machine for analysis in step 1630, and the method 1600 ends. For example, the BIT CPU 200 can signal that the sample is ready to be transferred immediately to the SEM machine 240 for detailed scanning electron microscopy.

[0192] In some embodiments, the IER 155 can undergo sound waves between 20 Hz to 100 Hz during rinsing. For example, the magnetic block 160 can remain in an on (e.g., magnetized) position. For example, the sound waves can knock off non-targeted substances. For example, the sound wave frequency can be selected based on the substance (e.g., its magnetic properties) to be rinsed from the IER 155.

[0193] Figure 17 An example ultrasonic treatment system 1700 is shown. In this example, the example ultrasonic treatment system 1700 can include an ultrasonic treatment vessel 1705 and an ultrasonic treatment module 1710. For example, the ultrasonic treatment vessel 1705 can be a vessel with a considerable depth. For example, the ultrasonic treatment module 1710 can be connected to a side of the ultrasonic treatment vessel 1705 to apply sound waves to the ultrasonic treatment module 1710.

[0194] As shown, the IER 155 is inserted into the ultrasonic treatment vessel 1705 with the magnetic block 160 at the distal end of the IER 155. For example, the magnetic block 160 can retain magnetic impurities collected in the mixture 125. In some examples, the ultrasonic treatment module 1710 can selectively generate sound waves based on size and / or magnetic strength to knock off non-targeted substances. Various embodiments can advantageously provide a robust method to accurately knock off non-targeted substances and improve overall battery material testing accuracy.

[0195] Figure 18 is a flowchart illustrating an example extraction by an ultrasonic treatment method. For example, the method 1800 can be performed by the ultrasonic treatment module 1710 to release (e.g., knock off) non-targeted substances (e.g., paramagnetic impurities) from the outer surface of the IER. In this example, the method 1800 begins in step 1805 when the rinsing process is initiated. For example, the rinsing process can be initiated upon receiving the IER in a rinsing vessel. For example, the ultrasonic treatment module 1710 can receive a signal when the IER 155 is inserted into the ultrasonic treatment vessel 1705. For example, the rinsing process can be initiated when the ultrasonic treatment module 1710 receives a signal indicating that magnetic impurities are captured at the rod sheath 715.

[0196] In step 1810, a sequence of sonications to be applied to the rod is determined based on the sonication trajectory. For example, the sonication trajectory can be stored in the data store 1060. For example, the sonication module 1710 can retrieve predefined sonication parameters stored from the data store. For example, the sonication module 1710 can select a sequence that matches the properties of the captured impurities for removal based on mixture information received from the user 115.

[0197] In step 1815, an index variable “i” is set to 1. For example, the sonication module 1710 can initialize the index to begin the iterative process of sonications application. Next, in step 1820, the i-th sonication frequency and the i-th duration are retrieved. For example, the sonication module 1710 can access the sonication trajectory to extract the i-th frequency.

[0198] In step 1825, a sonication of the i-th sonication frequency is applied to the IER. For example, the sonication module 1710 can emit a sonication at the specified frequency to the IER 155 to agitate the impurities on the rod sheath 715.

[0199] At decision point 1830, it is determined whether the time is greater than the i-th duration. For example, the IED controller 1000 can compare the current operating time to the retrieved i-th duration to ensure that the sonication process is carried out for the correct amount of time.

[0200] If the elapsed time is not greater than the i-th duration, step 1825 is repeated. If the elapsed time is greater than the i-th duration, at decision point 1845, it is determined whether “i” is equal to “N”, where “N” represents the total number of sonications in the sequence in the trajectory. For example, the IED controller 1000 can check whether the current sonication application index has reached the final entry in the sequence stored in the memory 300.

[0201] If “i” is equal to “N”, the method 1800 ends. If “i” is not equal to “N”, in step 1850, the index “i” is incremented by 1 and the elapsed time is reset, and step 1820 is repeated. For example, the IED controller 1000 can increment the index to progress to the next sonication sequence in the sonication trajectory.

[0202] Although various embodiments have been described with reference to the drawings, other embodiments are possible. In some implementations, the effects of the acid treatment solution 730 can be varied by changing the composition (e.g., weight ratio), duration for dissolving the target impurities, and order of adding various acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid 735, nitric acid 740, and sulfuric acid 745) and the base solution 750. In some examples, the base solution 750 can be added only 2-5 minutes after allowing the acid treatment solution 730 to react with the target impurities. Various embodiments can advantageously robustly dissolve oxide layers of metal impurities on the surface of the target impurities (e.g., metal alloys).

[0203] For example, the standard size (capacity) of the mixture container 120 can be 50 ml, 100 ml, 250 ml, 500 ml, 1 L, 2 L. For example, the mixture container 120 can include a height-to-diameter ratio of about 2: 1 to 3:2. In some implementations, the mixture container 120 can be equipped with a removable magnetic module at the bottom of the mixture container 120, which allows separate collection of magnetic impurities during the mixing process.

[0204] In some implementations, the agitating device 400 can include a leveling unit. For example, the leveling unit can be installed at the bottom of the agitating device 400, configured to level the installation surface (e.g., the ground 470) of the agitating device 400 when the installation surface is not flat.

[0205] In some implementations, the magnetic block 160 can be software controlled. For example, the magnetic block 160 can include an electromagnet.

[0206] Although an example system has been described with reference to the drawings, other embodiments can be deployed in other industrial, scientific, medical, commercial, and / or residential applications. For example, the system and method as described in the drawings can be applicable to evaluating impurities in a liquid. For example, some industries (e.g., food, medical, electronics, semiconductor, other industries) can require that one or more liquid materials have no metal particles. For example, the liquid material can be mixed and tested by the BIT CPU 200.

[0207] In various embodiments, some bypass circuit implementations can be controlled in response to signals from analog or digital components, which can be discrete, integrated, or a combination of each. Some embodiments can include programmed devices, programmable devices, or some combination thereof (e.g., PLA, PLD, ASIC, microcontroller, microprocessor), and can include one or more data stores (e.g., cells, registers, blocks, pages) that provide single or multiple levels of digital data storage capability, and can be volatile, non-volatile, or some combination thereof. Some control functions can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.

[0208] A computer program product can contain a set of instructions that, when executed by a processor device, cause the processor to perform prescribed functions. These functions can be performed in conjunction with a controlled device in operable communication with the processor. A computer program product, which can include software, can be stored in a data store tangibly embodied on a storage medium, such as an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, or a rotational storage device, and can be fixed or removable (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, thumb drive, CD, DVD).

[0209] Although examples of systems that can be portable have been described with reference to the above figures, other embodiments can be deployed in other processing applications, such as desktop and networked environments.

[0210] For example, temporary auxiliary energy input can be received from a rechargeable battery or a disposable battery, which can enable use in portable applications or remote applications. For example, some embodiments can operate using other DC voltage sources, such as (nominal) batteries. Alternating current (AC) input, which can be provided, for example, from a 50 / 60 Hz power port or from a portable generator, can be received via a rectifier and appropriate scaling. Supply of AC (e.g., sinusoidal, square, triangular) input can include a line frequency transformer to provide voltage boosting, voltage stepping down, and / or isolation.

[0211] Although specific features of the architecture have been described, performance can be improved in connection with other features. For example, cache (e.g., LI, L2,...) technology can be used. Random access memory can be included, for example, to provide scratch pad memory and / or to load stored executable code or parameter information for use during run-time operations. Other hardware and software can be provided to perform operations, for example, networks or other communications using one or more protocols, wireless (e.g., infrared) communications, stored operational energy and power sources (e.g., batteries), switching and / or linear power circuitry, software maintenance (e.g., self-test, upgrades), etc. One or more communication interfaces can be provided to support data storage and related operations.

[0212] Some systems can be implemented as computer systems that can be used with various embodiments. For example, various embodiments can include digital circuitry, analog circuitry, computer hardware, firmware, software, or combinations thereof. An apparatus can be implemented in a computer program product tangibly embodied in an information carrier, e.g., in a machine-readable storage device, for execution by a programmable processor; and methods can be performed by a programmable processor executing a program of instructions to perform functions of various embodiments by operating on input data and generating output. Various embodiments can advantageously be implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a data storage system, at least one input device, and / or at least one output device. A computer program is a set of instructions that can be used, directly or indirectly, in combination with at least one computer to perform a specified activity or bring about a specified result. A computer program can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment.

[0213] As an example, suitable processors for the execution of a program of instructions include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and the sole processor or one of multiple processors of any kind of computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for executing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or input to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data files; such devices include magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and optical disks. Storage devices suitable for tangibly embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, ASICs (application- specific integrated circuits).

[0214] In some embodiments, each system can be programmed with the same or similar information and / or initialized with substantially the same information stored in volatile and / or non-volatile memory. For example, one data interface can be configured to perform auto-configuration, auto-download, and / or auto-update functions when coupled to an appropriate host device, such as a desktop computer or a server.

[0215] In some embodiments, one or more user interface features can be configured to perform specific functions. Various embodiments can be implemented in computer systems including graphical user interfaces and / or Internet browsers. To provide for interaction with a user, some embodiments can be implemented on a computer having a display device, e.g., for example, an LED (light-emitting diode) display. In some embodiments, the display device can include, e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube). In some embodiments, the display device can include, e.g., an LCD (liquid crystal display). The display device, e.g., a monitor, can be, e.g., for displaying information to a user. Some embodiments can include, e.g., a keyboard and / or a pointing device, e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, a joystick, such as a user can provide input to the computer through the keyboard and / or pointing device.

[0216] In various implementations, the system can communicate using suitable communication methods, devices, and techniques. For example, the system can communicate with compatible devices (e.g., devices capable of transferring data to and / or from the system) using point-to-point communication, in which a message is transmitted directly from a source to a receiver over a dedicated physical link (e.g., a fiber optic link, a point-to-point wire, a daisy chain). The components of the system can exchange information through analog or digital data communications of any form or medium, including packet-based messages over a communications network. Examples of communications networks include, for example, LANs (local area networks), WANs (wide area networks), MANs (metropolitan area networks), wireless networks and / or optical networks, computers and networks that form the Internet, or some combination thereof. Other implementations can transmit messages by broadcasting to all or substantially all devices coupled together by a communications network, such as by using an omnidirectional radio frequency (RF) signal. Still other implementations can transmit messages that feature high directivity, such as RF signals transmitted using directional (i.e., narrow-beam) antennas or infrared signals that can optionally be used with focusing optics. Other implementations are possible using appropriate interfaces and protocols, such as, by way of example and not intended to be limiting, USB 2.0, Firewire, ATA / IDE, RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, 802.11 a / b / g, Wi-Fi, Ethernet, IrDA, FDDI (fiber distributed data interface), token ring, frequency division, time division, or code division multiplexing techniques, or some combination thereof. Some implementations can optionally incorporate features such as error detection and correction (ECC) for data integrity, or security measures such as encryption (e.g., WEP) and password protection.

[0217] In various implementations, a computer system can include an Internet of Things (IoT) device. An IoT device can include objects that have electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity which enable these objects to collect and exchange data. IoT devices can send data through an interface to another device, working with either wired or wireless devices. IoT devices can collect useful data and then transmit the data autonomously between other devices.

[0218] Various instances of modules can be implemented using circuitry that includes a variety of electronic hardware. By way of example, and not limitation, the hardware can include transistors, resistors, capacitors, switches, integrated circuits, other modules, or some combination thereof. In various instances, a module can include analog logic, digital logic, discrete components, traces, and / or memory circuits fabricated on a silicon substrate that includes various integrated circuits (e.g., FPGAs, ASICs), or some combination thereof. In some embodiments, a module can involve the execution of preprogrammed instructions, software executed by a processor, or some combination thereof. For example, a variety of modules can involve both hardware and software.

[0219] In an illustrative aspect, the magnetic impurity sample collection device can include a motion module. The motion module can include a motor unit. For example, the magnetic impurity sample collection device can include a rod extending along a longitudinal axis, the rod coupled to the motion module.

[0220] For example, the rod can include a magnetic block disposed at a distal end of the rod. For example, the rod can include a position control lever coupled to the motion module and the magnetic block. For example, the rod can include a magnetically permeable sheath that encloses the magnetic block and the position control lever. For example, the motor unit can be configured to selectively translate the magnetic block along a curvilinear path within the magnetically permeable sheath. The magnetically permeable sheath can include a variable thickness along the longitudinal axis. For example, at a distal end of the rod corresponding to a first position of the magnetic block, an effective magnetic field at an outer surface of the magnetically permeable sheath can vary from at least a first intensity capable of attracting paramagnetic impurities to a second intensity at a second position less than the first intensity.

[0221] For example, the motion module can include a central axis (710). For example, the motor unit can be configured to translate the rod along a horizontal plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis, translate the rod parallel to the longitudinal axis, circulate the rod along the horizontal plane at a diameter within a predetermined maximum diameter from the central axis, rotate the rod about the central axis.

[0222] For example, the magnetically permeable sheath can include a monotonic decrease from a proximal end to a distal end of the rod.

[0223] For example, the second position can be determined to be above a predetermined fill level of the container after the rod can be inserted into the container.

[0224] For example, the variable thickness can be less than 1.2 mm at the distal end of the rod.

[0225] In illustrative aspects, a first target magnetic impurity extraction system can include a magnetic impurity sample collection device as described. For example, the target magnetic impurity extraction system can include a data store including a program of instructions. For example, the target magnetic impurity extraction system can include a processor operably coupled to a motion module of the magnetic impurity sample collection device configured to operate the motor unit, and the data store. For example, when the processor executes the program of instructions, the processor causes operations to be performed to automatically extract a target magnetic species from a battery slurry.

[0226] For example, the operations can include, in response to a signal indicating that the magnetic impurities are captured at the outer surface of the magnetically permeable sheath, initiating a flushing process by operating the magnetic impurity sample collection device into a flushing receptacle that can include a flushing liquid. For example, the operations can include operating the magnetic block and the rod in at least one flushing cycle, each flushing cycle can include a release step and a recapture step.

[0227] For example, for an i-th cycle of the at least one flushing cycle, the release step can include translating the magnetic block to an i-th release position. For example, the effective magnetic field at the outer surface of the magnetically permeable sheath can be less than the first intensity. For example, the release step can include shaking the rod for an i-th predetermined first duration.

[0228] For example, the recapture step can include repositioning the magnetic block to the first position. For example, the recapture step can include moving the rod to an i-th predetermined recapture position and holding for an i-th predetermined second duration. For example, the target magnetic material can be recaptured.

[0229] For example, moving the rod to the i-th predetermined recapture position can include tapping a bottom of the flushing receptacle.

[0230] For example, shaking the rod can include rotating the rod about the central axis at a predetermined speed.

[0231] In illustrative aspects, a second target magnetic impurity extraction system can include a magnetic impurity sample collection device according to the above. The target magnetic impurity extraction system can include a data store that can include a program of instructions. For example, the target magnetic impurity extraction system can include a processor operably coupled to a motion module of the magnetic impurity sample collection device configured to operate the motor unit, and the data store. For example, when the processor executes the program of instructions, the processor causes operations to be performed to automatically extract a target magnetic species from a battery slurry.

[0232] For example, the operations can include: (a) responsive to a signal indicating that magnetic impurities are captured at an outer surface of the magnetically permeable jacket, initiating a rinsing process by operating the magnetic impurity sample collection device into a rinsing container that can include a rinsing liquid while the magnetic block is held in the first position; (b) determining a sequence of sonic waves to be applied to the rod based on the sonication trajectory, the sequence of sonic waves can include a sonic wave frequency and a duration for each sonic wave in the sequence; (c) applying the first sonic wave frequency to the rod for the first duration; (d) applying the next sonic wave frequency to the rod for the next duration; and, (e) repeating (d) until the sequence of sonic waves is completed. For example, the sequence of sonic waves can include at least two sonic wave frequencies between 20 Hz and 100 Hz.

[0233] • For example, the operation of the first or second targeted magnetic impurity extraction system can include inserting the rod into the mixing container in a capturing process prior to the rinsing process. For example, the operation can include performing a preset capturing motion. For example, the present capturing motion can include translating the magnetic block to the first position. For example, the present capturing motion can include moving the rod along a predetermined path at a predetermined speed around the mixing container for a predetermined duration. For example, the magnetic impurities in the battery slurry are captured outside the magnetically permeable jacket.

[0234] • For example, the operation can include operating the magnetic block in a demagnetized state at the second position prior to translating the magnetic block to the first position and rotating the rod at a diameter around the central axis. For example, mixing the battery materials and dispersants of the slurry.

[0235] • The operation of the first or second targeted magnetic impurity extraction system can include, after the rinsing process, inserting the rod into an acid treatment solution, operating the magnetic block in a demagnetized state at a position other than the first position, and holding the rod in the acid treatment solution for a predetermined duration of less than 10 minutes.

[0236] In an illustrative aspect, a targeted magnetic impurity extraction method can include capturing magnetic impurities from a battery slurry at an outer surface of an elongated rod that extends along a longitudinal axis and can include a magnetically permeable jacket and a magnetic block disposed at a distal end of the elongated rod. For example, the magnetic block can be selectively translated along a curved path within the magnetically permeable jacket. For example, the magnetically permeable jacket can include a variable thickness along the longitudinal axis. For example, at a first position that can include the distal end of the elongated rod, an effective magnetic field at the outer surface of the magnetically permeable jacket varies from at least a first intensity capable of attracting paramagnetic impurities to a second intensity less than the first intensity.

[0237] For example, responsive to the signal indicating that the magnetic impurities are captured at the outer surface of the magnetically permeable sheath, the flushing process is initiated by operating the elongated rod into a flushing container that can include a flushing liquid. For example, the method can include operating the magnetic block and the elongated rod in at least one flushing cycle, each flushing cycle can include a release step and a recapture step. For example, for an i-th cycle of the at least one cycle, the release step can include translating the magnetic block at an i-th release position. For example, the effective magnetic field at the outer surface of the magnetically permeable sheath can be less than the first intensity. For example, the release step can include simultaneously shaking the elongated rod for an i-th predetermined first duration.

[0238] For example, the recapture step can include repositioning the magnetic block at the first position. For example, the recapture step can include moving the elongated rod to an i-th predetermined recapture position and holding for an i-th predetermined second duration. For example, the target magnetic material can be recaptured.

[0239] For example, the at least one flushing cycle can include at least three cycles.

[0240] For example, the target magnetic impurities extraction method can include inserting the elongated rod into a mixing container in a capture process prior to the flushing process. For example, performing the preset capture motion can include translating the magnetic block to the first position. For example, performing the preset capture motion can include moving the elongated rod around the mixing container along a predetermined path at a predetermined speed for a predetermined duration. For example, the magnetic impurities in the battery slurry can be captured outside the magnetically permeable sheath.

[0241] For example, the target magnetic impurities extraction method can include prior to translating the magnetic block to the first position. For example, the target magnetic impurities extraction method can include operating the magnetic block in a demagnetized state at a position other than the first position. For example, the target magnetic impurities extraction method can include rotating the elongated rod at a diameter around the central axis. For example, mixing the battery material and the dispersant of the slurry.

[0242] For example, the target magnetic impurities extraction method can include, after the flushing process, inserting the elongated rod into an acid treatment solution, operating the magnetic block in a demagnetized state at a position other than the first position, and holding the elongated rod in the acid treatment solution for a predetermined duration that is less than 10 minutes.

[0243] For example, the target magnetic impurities extraction method can include selecting the i-th predetermined first duration, the i-th predetermined second duration, the predetermined path, and the predetermined speed based on expected non-target substances in the battery slurry.

[0244] • After the rinsing process, the targeted magnetic impurity extraction method can include operating the elongated rod to a vacuum filtration station. For example, the targeted magnetic impurity extraction method can include positioning the magnetic block to a second position. For example, a magnetic field outside of the magnetically permeable sheath can be removed. For example, the targeted magnetic impurity extraction method can include applying a dispersion solution onto the elongated rod. For example, the targeted magnetic impurity extraction method can include receiving a sample solution at the conductive paper, the sample solution can include the dispersion solution and the targeted impurities captured on the elongated rod. For example, the targeted impurities are captured at a top surface of the conductive paper. For example, the targeted magnetic impurity extraction method can include drying the conductive paper for a third predetermined duration. For example, the targeted magnetic impurity extraction method can include transferring the conductive paper directly to a subsequent analysis machine.

[0245] • For example, the conductive paper can include an inherently conductive material.

[0246] • For example, the conductive paper can include a graphene filter paper and a gold coating.

[0247] • For example, the conductive paper can include a non-conductive film having a thickness less than 10 microns. For example, the non-conductive film can be transferred to a subsequent analysis machine, the non-conductive film can be combined with a conductive layer at a bottom surface of the non-conductive film. For example, the non-conductive film becomes conductive when the non-conductive film can be transferred to a subsequent analysis machine.

[0248] • For example, the dispersion solution can include at least 70% of an alcohol.

[0249] • For example, the dispersion solution can include at least 50% of an alcohol.

[0250] In an illustrative aspect, the targeted magnetic impurity extraction method can include: (a) initiating a rinsing process in response to a signal indicating that a magnetic impurity is captured by the elongated rod. For example, the elongated rod can include a magnetically permeable sheath, the magnetically permeable sheath encloses a magnetic block disposed at a distal end of the elongated rod. For example, the elongated rod captures the magnetic impurity and can be inserted into an ultrasonic treatment vessel. For example, the targeted magnetic impurity extraction method can include: (b) determining a sequence of sound waves to be applied to the rod based on an ultrasonic treatment trajectory, the sequence of sound waves can include a sound wave frequency and a duration for each sound wave in the sequence. For example, the targeted magnetic impurity extraction method can include: (d) applying a first sound wave frequency to the rod for a first duration. For example, the targeted magnetic impurity extraction method can include: (e) applying a next sound wave frequency to the rod for a next duration. For example, the targeted magnetic impurity extraction method can include: (f) repeating (e) until the sequence of sound waves can be completed. For example, the sequence of sound waves can include at least two sound wave frequencies between 20 Hz and 100 Hz. For example, non-targeted impurities of the magnetic impurity are knocked off the elongated rod.

[0251] In illustrative aspects, a battery slurry mixing device can include a motor. For example, the battery slurry mixing device can include a tray. For example, the tray can include at least one container compartment distributed along a longitudinal axis and a side rail configured to guide the tray to be releasably coupled to the motor. For example, each container compartment can be configured to receive a slurry mixing container containing a battery material, a dispersant, and an impurity in an upright position when the tray can be decoupled from the motor. For example, a vertical axis of the slurry mixing container can be orthogonal to a gravity gradient. For example, in operation, the tray can be releasably coupled to the motor. For example, the motor can agitate the tray according to a predetermined motion trajectory.

[0252] For example, the predetermined motion trajectory can include rotating the tray. For example, the vertical axis can be rotated about the longitudinal axis. For example, the predetermined motion trajectory can include temporarily stopping the motion of the tray when the vertical axis can be rotated 180 degrees for a predetermined duration.

[0253] • The battery slurry mixing device can include a coupling rod configured to connect the tray and the motor. For example, the tray can be configured to swing at a predetermined angle for a predetermined duration based on a size of the coupling rod when the motion of the tray can be temporarily stopped.

[0254] • For example, the predetermined angle can be between 3° and 10°, and the predetermined duration can be less than 5 seconds.

[0255] • For example, the tray can include at least three container compartments.

[0256] • For example, the predetermined motion trajectory can include rotating the tray in both a clockwise direction and a counterclockwise direction.

[0257] • For example, the predetermined motion trajectory can further include a translational motion and a vibrational motion.

[0258] • The battery slurry mixing device can include a locking unit configured to prevent the tray from exiting the coupling when the tray is coupled with the motor.

[0259] • For example, the motor can be operably coupled to an angular position sensor configured to detect a rotation state of the motor.

[0260] In illustrative aspects, a slurry mixing system can include a battery slurry mixing device according to the above. For example, the slurry mixing system can include a data store that can include an instruction program. For example, the slurry mixing system can include a processor operably coupled to the battery slurry mixing device and the data store. For example, when the processor executes the instruction program, the processor causes operations to be performed to automatically produce a homogenization of a battery slurry without causing agglomeration.

[0261] For example, the operations can include receiving a slurry mixing container that houses a battery slurry of battery material, dispersant, and impurities. For example, the operations can include, after the tray can be retracted to couple with the motor, in response to the start signal, agitating the tray based on the predetermined motion trajectory.

[0262] • For example, the operations can further include selecting the predetermined motion trajectory based on mixing information, which can include a type, concentration, and viscosity of the battery slurry.

[0263] • For example, the operations can further include receiving the mixing information from a scanning device configured to scan a tag coupled to the slurry mixing container.

[0264] • For example, the operations can further include updating the predetermined motion trajectory based on user feedback.

[0265] In illustrative aspects, a method of impurity flushing can include inserting an object into a container, which can include an acid treatment solution. For example, the object can include a target impurity of battery material magnetically attracted at an outer surface of the object, and the target impurity can include a magnetic alloy. For example, the acid treatment solution can include nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. For example, the method can include maintaining the object in the acid treatment solution for less than a predetermined time at room temperature, the predetermined time being less than 15 minutes. For example, the target impurity can be dissolved in the acid treatment solution.

[0266] • For example, the object can include a magnetic impurity sample collection device according to the above.

[0267] • The method of impurity flushing can include adding a base solution after the predetermined time. For example, a temperature within the container can be raised from room temperature to a predetermined temperature by acid-base neutralization, and an acidity of the solution within the container can be reduced.

[0268] • For example, the base solution can include ammonium hydroxide.

[0269] • For example, the base solution can include sodium hydroxide.

[0270] • For example, the room temperature can be less than 30 °C.

[0271] • For example, a weight ratio of the hydrochloric acid and the nitric acid is in a range from 1:1 to 3:1.

[0272] • For example, the acid treatment solution can include 0.4%-2% of sulfuric acid.

[0273] • For example, the acid treatment solution can be concentrated between 60%-99%.

[0274] • For example, collecting the dissolved target impurity can include introducing the sample rinse solution into the container, and transferring the final solution, which can include the dissolved target impurity, the acid treatment solution, and the sample rinse solution, to a conical tube.

[0275] • For example, the sample rinse solution can include ultrapure water.

[0276] • For example, the amount of sample rinse solution added to the container can be determined based on the acid treatment solution. For example, the final solution can be adjusted to have a pH level that meets predetermined criteria.

[0277] In illustrative aspects, a battery material impurity evaluation system can include an input port. For example, the battery material impurity evaluation system can include a conveyor system. For example, the battery material impurity evaluation system can include a slurry mixing system according to the above. For example, the battery material impurity evaluation system can include a first or second target magnetic impurity extraction system according to the above. For example, the battery material impurity evaluation system can include a data store that can include an instruction program. For example, the battery material impurity evaluation system can include a processor operably coupled to the conveyor system, the slurry mixing system, and the target magnetic impurity extraction system, and the data store. For example, when the processor executes the instruction program, the processor causes operations to be performed to automatically extract a target impurity from a battery material sample.

[0278] For example, the operations can include receiving, at the input port, a battery material sample in a mixing container that houses a dispersant solution. For example, the operations can include transferring the mixing container to the slurry mixing system using the conveyor system. For example, the operations can include operating the slurry mixing system on a battery slurry that can include the battery material sample and the dispersant to produce a homogenization of the battery slurry. For example, the operations can include transferring the mixing container to the target magnetic impurity extraction system using the conveyor system. For example, the operations can include operating the target magnetic impurity extraction system to extract the target impurity from the homogenization of the battery slurry.

[0279] • The battery material impurity evaluation system can include a vacuum filtration station that can include a funnel and a conductive paper. For example, the operations can include operating the rod to the vacuum filtration station. For example, the operations can include positioning the magnetic block to the second position. For example, the magnetic field outside of the magnetically permeable sheath can be removed. For example, the operations can include applying the dispersing solution to the elongated rod. For example, the operations can include receiving a sample solution at the conductive paper. For example, the sample solution can include the dispersing solution and the target impurity captured on the rod. For example, the target impurity can be captured at a top surface of the conductive paper. For example, the operations can include drying the conductive paper for a third predetermined duration. For example, the operations can include transferring the conductive paper directly to a subsequent analysis machine.

[0280] • For example, the conductive paper can include an inherently conductive material.

[0281] • For example, the conductive paper can include a graphene filter paper and a gold coating.

[0282] • For example, the conductive paper can include a non-conductive film having a thickness less than 10 microns. For example, the non-conductive film can be combined with a conductive layer at a bottom surface of the non-conductive film when the non-conductive film is transferred to a subsequent analysis machine. For example, the non-conductive film becomes conductive when the non-conductive film can be transferred to a subsequent analysis machine.

[0283] • For example, the dispersion solution can include at least 70% alcohol.

[0284] • For example, the dispersion solution can include at least 50% alcohol.

[0285] A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications can be made. For example, advantageous results can be achieved if the steps of the disclosed techniques were performed in a different order, or if components in the disclosed systems were combined in a different manner, or if the components were supplemented with other components. Therefore, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A magnetic impurity sample collection device, comprising: a motion module (705) comprising a motor unit (1020); and, a rod (155) extending on a longitudinal axis, coupled to the motion module, the rod (155) comprising: a magnetic block (160) disposed at a distal end of the rod; a position control rod (720) coupled to the motion module and the magnetic block; and, a magnetically permeable sheath (715) enclosing the magnetic block and the position control rod, wherein: the motor unit is configured to selectively translate the magnetic block along a curvilinear path within the magnetically permeable sheath; and, the magnetically permeable sheath comprises a variable thickness along the longitudinal axis, such that at a distal end of the rod corresponding to a first position (725a) of the magnetic block, an effective magnetic field at an outer surface of the magnetically permeable sheath varies from at least a first intensity capable of attracting paramagnetic impurities to a second intensity less than the first intensity at a second position (725b).

2. The magnetic impurity sample collection device of claim 1, wherein the motion module comprises a central axis (710), wherein the motor unit is configured to: translate the rod along a horizontal plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis; translate the rod parallel to the longitudinal axis; circulate the rod along the horizontal plane at a diameter within a predetermined maximum diameter from the central axis; and, rotate the rod about the central axis.

3. The magnetic impurity sample collection device of claim 1, wherein the magnetically permeable sheath comprises a monotonic decrease from a proximal end to the distal end of the rod.

4. The magnetic impurity sample collection device of claim 1, wherein the second position is determined to be above a predetermined fill level of a container after the rod is inserted into the container.

5. The magnetic impurity sample collection device of claim 1, wherein the variable thickness is less than 1.2 mm at the distal end of the rod.

6. A target magnetic impurity extraction system, comprising: the magnetic impurity sample collection device of any one of claims 1-5; a data store (1035) comprising a program of instructions; and, a processor (1005) operably coupled to the motion module of the magnetic impurity sample collection device configured to operate the motor unit, and the data store, such that when the processor executes the program of instructions, the processor causes operations to be performed to automatically extract a target magnetic species from a battery slurry, the operations comprising: in response to a signal indicating that magnetic impurities are captured at an outer surface of the magnetically permeable sheath, initiating a flushing process (1405) by operating the magnetic impurity sample collection device into a flushing container comprising a flushing liquid; operating the magnetic block and the rod in at least one flushing cycle, each flushing cycle comprising a release step and a recapture step, wherein, for an i-th cycle of the at least one flushing cycle, the release step comprises: moving the magnetic block to an ith release position such that the effective magnetic field at the outer surface of the magnetically permeable sheath is less than the first strength (1425); and, shaking the rod for an ith predetermined first duration (1430); and, the recapturing step comprises: repositioning the magnetic block at the first position (1435); and, moving the rod to an ith predetermined recapturing position and holding for an ith predetermined second duration (1440) such that target magnetic material is recaptured.

7. The target magnetic impurity extraction system of claim 6, wherein moving the rod to an ith predetermined recapturing position comprises tapping the bottom of the rinse container.

8. The target magnetic impurity extraction system of claim 6, wherein shaking the rod comprises rotating the rod about a central axis at a predetermined speed.

9. A target magnetic impurity extraction system comprising: a magnetic impurity sample collection device according to any one of claims 1-5; a data store comprising a program of instructions; and, a processor operably coupled to the motion module of the magnetic impurity sample collection device configured to operate the motor unit, and to the data store, such that when the processor executes the program of instructions, the processor causes operations to be performed to automatically extract target magnetic species from a battery slurry, the operations comprising: (a) responsive to a signal indicating that magnetic impurities are captured at an outer surface of the magnetically permeable sheath, initiating a rinse process by operating the magnetic impurity sample collection device into a rinse container comprising a rinse liquid while holding the magnetic block at the first position; (b) determining a sequence of sonications to be applied to the rod based on an ultrasonic treatment trajectory, the sequence of sonications comprising, for each sonication in the sequence, a sonication frequency and a duration; (c) applying a first sonication frequency to the rod for a first duration; (d) applying a next sonication frequency to the rod for a next duration; and, (e) repeating (d) until the sequence of sonications is completed, wherein the sequence of sonications comprises at least two sonication frequencies between 20 Hz and 100 Hz.

10. The target magnetic impurity extraction system of claim 6 or 9, wherein the operations further comprise, in a capture process prior to the rinse process, inserting the rod into a mixing container and performing a preset capture motion, the preset capture motion comprising: moving the magnetic block to the first position; and, moving the rod about the mixing container at a predetermined speed for a predetermined duration along a predetermined path such that the magnetic impurities in the battery slurry are captured at the outside of the magnetically permeable sheath.

11. The target magnetic impurity extraction system of claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise, prior to moving the magnetic block to the first position, operating the magnetic block at a demagnetized state at the second position; and, rotating the rod at a diameter about a central axis such that battery materials and dispersants of the slurry are mixed.

12. The target magnetic impurity extraction system of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise, prior to operating the magnetic block at the demagnetized state at the second position, moving the magnetic block to a third position; and, rotating the rod at a diameter about a central axis such that battery materials and dispersants of the slurry are mixed.

13. The target magnetic impurity extraction system of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise, prior to moving the magnetic block to the third position, operating the magnetic block at a demagnetized state at the first position; and, rotating the rod at a diameter about a central axis such that battery materials and dispersants of the slurry are mixed.

14. The target magnetic impurity extraction system of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise, prior to operating the magnetic block at the demagnetized state at the first position, moving the magnetic block to a fourth position; and, rotating the rod at a diameter about a central axis such that battery materials and dispersants of the slurry are mixed.

15. The target magnetic impurity extraction system of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise, prior to moving the magnetic block to the fourth position, operating the magnetic block at a demagnetized state at the second position; and, rotating the rod at a diameter about a central axis such that battery materials and dispersants of the slurry are mixed.

12. The targeted magnetic impurity extraction system of claim 6 or 9, wherein the operations further comprise, after the flushing process, inserting the rod into an acid treatment solution, operating the magnetic block in a demagnetized state at a location other than the first location, and maintaining the rod in the acid treatment solution for a predetermined duration of less than 10 minutes.

13. A targeted magnetic impurity extraction method, comprising: capturing magnetic impurities from a battery slurry (125) at an outer surface of an elongate rod (155) extending along a longitudinal axis and comprising a magnetically permeable sheath (715) and a magnetic block (160) disposed at a distal end of the elongate rod, wherein: the magnetic block is selectively translated along a curvilinear path within the magnetically permeable sheath; and, the magnetically permeable sheath comprises a variable thickness along the longitudinal axis such that at a first location (725a) comprising the distal end of the elongate rod, an effective magnetic field at an outer surface of the magnetically permeable sheath varies from at least a first intensity capable of attracting paramagnetic impurities to a second intensity less than the first intensity; responsive to a signal indicating that magnetic impurities are captured at the outer surface of the magnetically permeable sheath, initiating a flushing process (1405) by operating the elongate rod into a flushing vessel comprising a flushing liquid; operating the magnetic block and the elongate rod in at least one flushing cycle, each flushing cycle comprising a release step and a recapture step, wherein for an i-th cycle of the at least one cycle, the release step comprises: translating the magnetic block to an i-th release location such that the effective magnetic field at the outer surface of the magnetically permeable sheath is less than the first intensity (1425); and, simultaneously shaking the elongate rod for an i-th predetermined first duration (1430); and, the recapture step comprises: repositioning the magnetic block at the first location; and, moving the elongate rod to an i-th predetermined recapture location and holding for an i-th predetermined second duration (1440) such that targeted magnetic material is recaptured.

14. The targeted magnetic impurity extraction method of claim 13, wherein the at least one flushing cycle comprises at least three cycles.

15. The targeted magnetic impurity extraction method of claim 13, further comprising, in a capture process prior to the flushing process, inserting the elongate rod into a mixing vessel and performing a preset capture motion, the preset capture motion comprising: translating the magnetic block to the first location; and, moving the elongate rod around the mixing vessel at a predetermined speed along a predetermined path for a predetermined duration such that the magnetic impurities in the battery slurry are captured outside the magnetically permeable sheath.

16. The targeted magnetic impurity extraction method of claim 15, further comprising, prior to translating the magnetic block to the first location, operating the magnetic block in a demagnetized state at a location other than the first location; and, rotating the elongated rod at a diameter about a central axis such that the battery material and dispersant of the slurry are mixed.

17. The targeted magnetic impurity extraction method of claim 13, further comprising, after the rinsing process, inserting the elongated rod into an acid treatment solution, operating the magnetic blocks in a demagnetized state at locations other than the first location, and maintaining the elongated rod in the acid treatment solution for a predetermined duration of less than 10 minutes.

18. The targeted magnetic impurity extraction method of claim 13, further comprising selecting the ith predetermined first duration, the ith predetermined second duration, a predetermined path, and a predetermined velocity based on a non-targeted material expected in the battery slurry.

19. The targeted magnetic impurity extraction method of claim 13, further comprising, after the rinsing process: operating the elongated rod to a vacuum filtration station; positioning the magnetic blocks to a second location such that a magnetic field external to the magnetically permeable sheath is removed; applying a dispersing solution onto the elongated rod; receiving a sample solution at a conductive paper, the sample solution comprising the dispersing solution and the targeted impurities captured on the elongated rod, such that the targeted impurities are captured at a top surface of the conductive paper; drying the conductive paper for a third predetermined duration; and, directly transferring the conductive paper to a subsequent analysis machine.

20. The targeted magnetic impurity extraction method of claim 19, wherein the conductive paper comprises an inherently conductive material.

21. The targeted magnetic impurity extraction method of claim 20, wherein the conductive paper comprises a graphene filter paper and a gold coating. transferring the non-conductive membrane to the subsequent analysis machine, the non- conductive membrane combined with a conductive layer at a bottom surface of the non- conductive membrane, such that the non-conductive membrane becomes conductive when the non- conductive membrane is transferred to the subsequent analysis machine.

22. The targeted magnetic impurity extraction method of claim 19, wherein the electrically conductive paper comprises a non-conductive film having a thickness of less than 10 microns, wherein, 23. The targeted magnetic impurity extraction method of claim 19, wherein the dispersing solution comprises at least 70% alcohol.

24. The targeted magnetic impurity extraction method of claim 19, wherein the dispersing solution comprises at least 50% alcohol.

25. A targeted magnetic impurity extraction method, comprising: (a) responsive to a signal indicating that a magnetic impurity is captured by an elongated rod (155), initiating a rinsing process (1805), wherein the elongated rod (155) comprises a magnetically permeable sheath (715) enclosing a magnetic block (160) disposed at a distal end of the elongated rod, wherein the elongated rod captures the magnetic impurity and is inserted into an ultrasonic treatment vessel (1705); (b) determining a sequence of sound waves to be applied to the rod based on an ultrasonic treatment trajectory, the sequence of sound waves comprising a sound wave frequency and a duration for each sound wave in the sequence (1810); (d) applying a first sound wave frequency to the rod for a first duration (1820); (e) applying a next sound wave frequency to the rod for a next duration (1850); and, (f) repeating (d) and (e) until the rinsing process is complete (1830). (f) repeating (e) until the acoustic wave sequence is completed (1845), wherein the acoustic wave sequence comprises at least two acoustic wave frequencies between 20 Hz and 100 Hz, such that non-targeted impurities of the magnetic impurities are knocked off the elongated rod.

26. A battery slurry mixing apparatus comprising: a motor (415); and, a tray (425) comprising at least one container compartment (445) distributed along a longitudinal axis (450) and side rails (430) configured to guide the tray to be releasably coupled to the motor, wherein each container compartment is configured to receive a slurry mixing container (410) containing a battery material, a dispersant, and an impurity in an upright position when the tray is decoupled from the motor, such that a vertical axis of the slurry mixing container is orthogonal to a gravity gradient, wherein, in operation, the tray is releasably coupled to the motor such that the motor agitates the tray according to a predetermined motion trajectory (150), and, the predetermined motion trajectory comprises: rotating the tray such that the vertical axis rotates about the longitudinal axis; and, temporarily stopping the motion of the tray when the vertical axis rotates 180 degrees for a predetermined duration.

27. The battery slurry mixing apparatus of claim 26, further comprising a coupling rod configured to connect the tray and the motor, wherein, when the motion of the tray is temporarily stopped, the tray is configured to oscillate at a predetermined angle for a predetermined duration based on a size of the coupled rod.

28. The battery slurry mixing apparatus of claim 27, wherein the predetermined angle is between 3° and 10° and the predetermined duration is less than 5 seconds.

29. The battery slurry mixing apparatus of claim 26, wherein the tray comprises at least three container compartments.

30. The battery slurry mixing apparatus of claim 26, wherein the predetermined motion trajectory comprises rotating the tray in both a clockwise direction and a counterclockwise direction.

31. The battery slurry mixing apparatus of claim 30, wherein the predetermined motion trajectory further comprises a translational motion and a vibrational motion.

32. The battery slurry mixing apparatus of claim 26, further comprising a locking unit configured to prevent the tray from being exited from the coupling when the tray is coupled with the motor.

33. The battery slurry mixing apparatus of claim 26, wherein the motor is operably coupled to an angular position sensor configured to detect a rotational state of the motor.

34. A slurry mixing system comprising: a battery slurry mixing apparatus according to any one of claims 26-33; a data repository (535) comprising a program of instructions; and, a processor (505) operably coupled to the battery slurry mixing apparatus, and the data repository, such that when the processor executes the program of instructions, the processor causes operations to be performed to automatically produce a homogenization of a battery slurry without causing agglomeration, the operations comprising: receiving the slurry mixing container (1205) containing the battery slurry of the battery material, the dispersant, and the impurity; and, After the tray is retracted to couple with the motor, the tray is agitated based on the predetermined motion trajectory in response to a start signal (1215).

35. The slurry mixing system of claim 34, wherein the operations further comprise selecting the predetermined motion trajectory based on mixing information comprising a type, a concentration, and a viscosity of the battery slurry.

36. The slurry mixing system of claim 35, wherein the operations further comprise receiving the mixing information from a scanning device configured to scan a label coupled to the slurry mixing container.

37. The slurry mixing system of claim 36, wherein the operations further comprise updating the predetermined motion trajectory based on user feedback.

38. A method of impurity rinsing, comprising: inserting an object into a container containing an acid treatment solution (1505), wherein the object comprises a target impurity of battery material magnetically attracted at an outer surface of the object, and the target impurity comprises a magnetic alloy, wherein the acid treatment solution comprises nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid; and, maintaining the object in the acid treatment solution at room temperature for less than a predetermined time (1515), the predetermined time being less than 15 minutes (1520), such that the target impurity dissolves into the acid treatment solution.

39. The method of impurity rinsing of claim 38, wherein the object comprises the magnetic impurity sample collection device of any one of claims 1-5.

40. The method of impurity rinsing of claim 38, further comprising adding a base solution after the predetermined time, such that a temperature in the container is increased from room temperature to a predetermined temperature and an acidity of the solution in the container is decreased by acid-base neutralization.

41. The method of impurity rinsing of claim 40, wherein the base solution comprises ammonium hydroxide.

42. The method of impurity rinsing of claim 40, wherein the base solution comprises sodium hydroxide.

43. The method of impurity rinsing of claim 38, wherein room temperature is less than 30 °C.

44. The method of impurity rinsing of claim 38, wherein a weight ratio of the hydrochloric acid and the nitric acid is in a range from 1:1 to 3:

1.

45. The method of impurity rinsing of claim 38, wherein the acid treatment solution comprises 0.4%-2% of the sulfuric acid.

46. The method of impurity rinsing of claim 45, wherein the acid treatment solution is concentrated between 60%-99%.

47. The method of impurity rinsing of claim 38, wherein collecting the dissolved target impurity comprises introducing a sampling rinse solution into the container, and transferring a final solution comprising the dissolved target impurity, the acid treatment solution, and the sampling rinse solution to a conical tube.

48. The method of impurity rinsing of claim 47, wherein the sampling rinse solution comprises ultrapure water.

49. The impurity rinsing method of claim 47, wherein an amount of the sampling rinse solution added to the vessel is determined based on the acid treatment solution such that the final solution is adjusted to have a pH level that complies with predetermined standards.

50. A battery material impurity evaluation system, comprising: an input port (120); a conveyor system (305); the slurry mixing system of any of claims 34-37; the target magnetic impurity extraction system of any of claims 6-12; a data repository comprising a program of instructions; and, a processor operably coupled to the conveyor system, the slurry mixing system, and the target magnetic impurity extraction system, and the data repository, such that when the processor executes the program of instructions, the processor causes operations to be performed to automatically extract a target impurity from a battery material sample, the operations comprising: receiving the battery material sample in a mixing vessel containing a dispersant solution at the input port (1105); transferring the mixing vessel to the slurry mixing system using the conveyor system (1108); operating the slurry mixing system on a battery slurry comprising the battery material sample and the dispersant to produce a homogenization of the battery slurry (1110); transferring the mixing vessel to the target magnetic impurity extraction system using the conveyor system (1115); and, operating the target magnetic impurity extraction system to extract the target impurity from the homogenization of the battery slurry.

51. The battery material impurity evaluation system of claim 52, further comprising a vacuum filtration station comprising a funnel and a conductive paper, wherein the operations further comprise: operating the rod to the vacuum filtration station; positioning the magnetic block to a second position such that a magnetic field external to the magnetically permeable sheath is removed; applying a dispersing solution to the elongated rod; receiving a sample solution at the conductive paper, wherein the sample solution comprises the dispersing solution and the target impurity captured on the rod such that the target impurity is captured at a top surface of the conductive paper; drying the conductive paper for a third predetermined duration; and, directly transferring the conductive paper to a subsequent analysis machine.

52. The battery material impurity evaluation system of claim 51, wherein the conductive paper comprises an inherently conductive material.

53. The battery material impurity evaluation system of claim 52, wherein the conductive paper comprises a graphene filter paper and a gold coating.

54. The battery material impurity assessment system of Claim 51, wherein the conductive paper comprises a non-conductive film having a thickness of less than 10 microns, wherein, transferring the non-conductive film to the subsequent analysis machine, the non- conductive film combining with a conductive layer at a bottom surface of the non-conductive film such that the non-conductive film becomes conductive when the non-conductive film is transferred to the subsequent analysis machine.

55. The battery material impurity evaluation system of claim 51, wherein the dispersing solution comprises at least 70% alcohol.

56. The battery material impurity evaluation system of claim 51, wherein the dispersing solution comprises at least 50% alcohol.

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