Valve rod laser partition heterogeneous forming device of alternately-distributed composite texture structure and forming method of valve rod laser partition heterogeneous forming device

Abstract

The invention relates to a valve rod laser partition heterogeneous forming device with an alternately-distributed composite texture structure and a forming method thereof.The valve rod laser partition heterogeneous forming device comprises a machine tool, a pneumatic clamping jaw and two laser cutting heads, a rotary feeding assembly connected with the pneumatic clamping jaw is arranged on the machine tool, and the two laser cutting heads are movably installed on the machine tool through two deflection mechanisms; the double-laser cutting head alternately enters the machining station under the linkage of the driving assembly and the deflection mechanisms, the single-laser cutting head obtains double cooling and chip removal time, heat accumulation is reduced, local overheating deformation of the valve rod is avoided, rotary feeding and alternate machining are coupled, and the machining efficiency is improved. Different textures can be overlaid in the same circumferential area for multiple times, the partitioned and heterogeneous composite surface is completed in one step, and multiple times of clamping are omitted; the two laser cutting heads are alternately switched, extra cooling pause is not needed, the machining time utilization rate is increased, and the overall period is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of valve stem processing technology, specifically to a laser-guided partitioned heterogeneous forming device and its forming method for a valve stem with an alternating distributed composite texture structure. Background Technology

[0002] As a core moving component of the engine's valve train, the valve stem surface must operate under severe alternating loads, high-temperature combustion gas erosion, and a thin lubricating oil film for extended periods. To reduce friction, suppress fretting wear, and improve fatigue life, the industry commonly employs laser pulse processing to create microtextures on the stem surface. This improves interfacial performance by storing oil, collecting wear debris, and inducing the formation of a secondary lubricating film.

[0003] Existing laser texturing equipment mostly employs a single laser head and rotary feed technology. The valve stem is coaxially clamped by a pneumatic chuck, rotating and being fed axially simultaneously. The laser head continuously emits light at a fixed focal point, processing a spiral or circumferential micro-pit array on the stem surface. While this approach is simple in structure and mature in control, it reveals the following shortcomings when facing the emerging demand for "alternating distribution composite textures":

[0004] Single-head continuous machining causes heat to accumulate rapidly along the length of the valve stem. Slender valve stems have poor rigidity, and localized temperature rise leads to slight axial elongation and radial thermal bulging, resulting in decreased texture depth and morphological consistency, and in severe cases, straightness deviations. Different sections of the engine have significantly different requirements for texture density, morphology, and tilt angle (e.g., sealing strips require high-density shallow pits, while guide sections require deep oblique grooves). Single-head equipment can only scan continuously according to a single parameter. To achieve "one parameter per zone" for heterogeneous configurations, the machine must be stopped to change workpieces and re-clamp, resulting in large positioning errors and low production efficiency. To ensure the quality of molten pool solidification, a cooling pause must be allowed after single-head machining, creating a time gap. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser partitioning heterogeneous molding device and its molding method for valve stems with alternating distributed composite texture structure, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A laser partitioning and heterogeneous forming device for valve stems with alternating distributed composite texture structure includes a machine tool, a pneumatic gripper, and two laser cutting heads. The pneumatic gripper is used to coaxially clamp and fix one end of the valve stem to be processed. A rotary feed assembly is arranged along the central axis of the machine tool. The rotary feed assembly is connected to the pneumatic gripper. When the rotary feed assembly is running, the pneumatic gripper will drive the valve stem to rotate and move forward at the same time.

[0008] The two laser cutting heads are staggered on both sides of the pneumatic gripper and are movably mounted on the machine tool via two sets of tilting mechanisms. The machine tool is equipped with a drive assembly, which cooperates with the two sets of tilting mechanisms. When the drive assembly is running, the two sets of tilting mechanisms will drive the two laser cutting heads to move alternately to a position directly above the central axis of the pneumatic gripper, and each laser cutting head will maintain a predetermined dwell time at the central axis position.

[0009] The valve stem laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device with alternating distribution composite texture structure as described above:

[0010] The rotary feed assembly includes a sleeve and a rotating shaft that slides with the sleeve. The sleeve is horizontally rotatably mounted on the machine tool via a bracket.

[0011] The length direction of the sleeve shaft is parallel to the length direction of the machine tool, and a geared motor is fixedly installed on the machine tool.

[0012] The valve stem laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device with alternating distribution composite texture structure as described above:

[0013] The output end of the geared motor is coaxially connected to one end of the sleeve shaft, and the end of the rotating shaft away from the geared motor is coaxially connected to the pneumatic gripper.

[0014] The inner wall of the sleeve shaft is provided with a groove along its length, and the outer wall of the rotating shaft is fixedly provided with a protrusion along its length. The protrusion is located in the groove and is slidably engaged, and the protrusion is located at the end of the rotating shaft near the reduction motor.

[0015] The valve stem laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device with alternating distribution composite texture structure as described above:

[0016] A bearing seat is fixedly installed on the machine tool, and a sleeve is fixedly installed on the bearing seat. The sleeve is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the end of the rotating shaft away from the geared motor.

[0017] The inner wall of the sleeve is fitted with rolling steel balls, and the outer wall of the rotating shaft is provided with a spiral groove along its length. The steel balls are also fitted with rolling steel balls in the spiral groove, which is located near the end of the rotating shaft near the pneumatic gripper.

[0018] The valve stem laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device with alternating distribution composite texture structure as described above:

[0019] The yaw mechanism includes a support plate, a rotating rod, and a swing rod. The support plate is fixedly mounted on the machine tool, and the rotating rod is vertically rotatably mounted on the support plate.

[0020] A disc is coaxially fixed on the rotating rod, one end of the swing arm is connected to the rotating rod, and the laser cutting head is vertically fixed at the other end of the swing arm.

[0021] The valve stem laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device with alternating distribution composite texture structure as described above:

[0022] A column is fixedly mounted on the support plate, and a pole is eccentrically fixed on the disc. The column and the pole are connected by a hook spring, and the hook spring is in a stretched state.

[0023] The support plate is fixedly provided with a first limiting post and a second limiting post. Under the action of the hook spring, the swing rod abuts against the first limiting post, and the laser cutting head is located directly above the central axis of the pneumatic gripper.

[0024] The valve stem laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device with alternating distribution composite texture structure as described above:

[0025] A first arc-shaped toothed plate is coaxially fixed on the disk, and a second arc-shaped toothed plate is also coaxially fixed on the disk. The first and second arc-shaped toothed plates are symmetrically arranged with the swing rod as the center.

[0026] The valve stem laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device with alternating distribution composite texture structure as described above:

[0027] The drive assembly includes a gantry frame and a transmission shaft that is vertically rotatably mounted on the gantry frame. A rotating plate is fixedly mounted on the transmission shaft. A stepper motor whose output end is coaxially connected to the transmission shaft is fixedly mounted on the gantry frame. The stepper motor is used to drive the transmission shaft to rotate forward and backward.

[0028] Both ends of the rotating plate are fixedly equipped with three arc-shaped toothed plates. The three arc-shaped toothed plates mesh with the one arc-shaped toothed plate. When the transmission shaft rotates forward under the drive of the stepper motor, the rotating plate will drive the three arc-shaped toothed plates to swing. The one arc-shaped toothed plate meshing with it will drive the disc to rotate. The disc will drive the swing arm to swing through the rotating rod, causing the laser cutting head to retract. When the three arc-shaped toothed plates separate from the one arc-shaped toothed plate, the hook spring just exceeds the maximum tension. At this time, the disc will rotate rapidly, the swing arm will abut against the second limiting post, and the second arc-shaped toothed plate will rotate to the initial position of the one arc-shaped toothed plate.

[0029] A method for forming an alternating distributed composite texture structure on a valve stem using the aforementioned laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Clamping and positioning. Insert the tail end of the valve stem to be processed into the pneumatic gripper and start the clamping action to make the stem coaxial with the machine tool's central axis. Then, the geared motor starts, and the sleeve shaft drives the rotating shaft to rotate synchronously through the groove and convex pin pair. The steel balls in the sleeve drive the rotating shaft to rotate and feed forward along the spiral groove. The valve stem is sent to the initial processing position under the combined motion of rotation and axial feed.

[0031] Step 2: Parameter zoning setting. Based on the rod length and functional area division, set the laser power, pulse frequency, spiral groove pitch and stepper motor forward and reverse rotation rhythm of each section of the texture in the control unit to ensure that the parameter differences between adjacent areas are addressed with a different strategy for each area. At the same time, set the dwell time of the laser cutting head on one side above the central axis to ensure that the molten pool is fully solidified and the heat input is controllable.

[0032] Step 3: Dual-head alternating processing. The stepper motor rotates forward and backward according to a preset rhythm. The No. 3 arc-shaped toothed plate at both ends of the rotating plate meshes with the No. 1 and No. 2 arc-shaped toothed plates of the left and right discs in sequence. When the left laser cutting head is sent to the center axis by the swing arm, the right laser cutting head is simultaneously withdrawn to the standby position. The left head stays for a predetermined time and completes the current section of texture in the circumferential rotation of the valve stem. After engagement and disengagement, the hook spring releases instantly when it crosses the dead point, the disc quickly springs back, the left and right heads switch states, and the right head enters the processing position to continue to the next section. The rotary feed component continues to feed, and the dual heads alternate in a cycle until all the heterogeneous textures of the rod surface are formed in one go.

[0033] Step 4: Reset and unload. After all sections are processed, the geared motor decelerates and reverses. The steel balls drive the rotating shaft along the spiral groove, causing the valve stem to quickly return to the initial position. The pneumatic clamp releases, the finished valve stem is removed, and the device returns to the zero position, waiting for the next clamping.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] The dual laser cutting heads alternately enter the processing station under the linkage of the drive assembly and the oscillation mechanism. The single laser cutting head obtains twice the cooling and chip removal time, reducing heat accumulation and avoiding local overheating deformation of the valve stem, thus ensuring continuous high-precision forming of slender rods. The coupling of rotary feed and alternating processing allows for the multiple superposition of different textures in the same circumferential area, completing partitioned and heterogeneous composite surfaces in one step, eliminating the need for multiple clamping operations. The alternating switching of the two laser cutting heads does not require additional cooling stops, improving the utilization rate of processing time, shortening the overall cycle, and balancing forming quality and production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a laser-guided, heterogeneous molding device for valve stems with alternating composite textures.

[0037] Figure 2This is a side view of the overall structure of a valve stem laser partitioning heterogeneous molding device with alternating distributed composite texture structure.

[0038] Figure 3 Cross-sectional views of the sleeve shaft, bracket, bearing seat, and sleeve in a laser partitioned heterogeneous molding device for valve stems with alternating distributed composite texture structure.

[0039] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0040] Figure 5 In order to be in Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the disassembly of the basic bushing, rotating shaft, and sleeve.

[0041] Figure 6 Another perspective schematic diagram of the overall structure of the valve stem laser partitioning heterogeneous molding device with alternating distributed composite texture structure.

[0042] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of section B in the middle.

[0043] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the oscillation mechanism and drive components in a laser partitioning heterogeneous molding device for valve stems with alternating distributed composite texture structures.

[0044] Figure 9 This is a top view of the overall structure of the laser partitioned heterogeneous molding device for valve stems with alternating distributed composite textures.

[0045] In the diagram: 1. Machine tool; 2. Pneumatic gripper; 3. Laser cutting head; 4. Sleeve shaft; 401. Groove; 5. Rotating shaft; 501. Protruding post; 502. Spiral groove; 6. Bracket; 7. Gear motor; 8. Bearing seat; 9. Sleeve; 10. Steel ball; 11. Support plate; 12. Rotating rod; 13. Disc; 1301. No. 1 arc-shaped toothed plate; 1302. No. 2 arc-shaped toothed plate; 14. Swing rod; 15. Column; 16. Upright; 17. Hook spring; 18. No. 1 limit post; 19. No. 2 limit post; 20. Gantry frame; 21. Drive shaft; 22. Rotating plate; 23. No. 3 arc-shaped toothed plate; 24. Stepper motor. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0047] Please see Figure 1-9As an embodiment of the present invention, a laser partitioning and heterogeneous forming device for valve stems with alternating distributed composite texture structure includes a machine tool 1, a pneumatic gripper 2, and two laser cutting heads 3. The pneumatic gripper 2 is used to coaxially clamp and fix one end of the valve stem to be processed. A rotary feed assembly is provided on the machine tool 1 along its central axis. The rotary feed assembly is connected to the pneumatic gripper 2. When the rotary feed assembly is running, the pneumatic gripper 2 will drive the valve stem to rotate and move forward at the same time.

[0048] The two laser cutting heads 3 are staggered on both sides of the pneumatic gripper 2 and are movably mounted on the machine tool 1 through two sets of tilting mechanisms. The machine tool 1 is provided with a drive assembly, which cooperates with the two sets of tilting mechanisms. When the drive assembly is running, the two sets of tilting mechanisms will drive the two laser cutting heads 3 to move alternately to the position directly above the central axis of the pneumatic gripper 2, and each laser cutting head 3 will maintain a predetermined dwell time at the central axis position.

[0049] In this embodiment, after the pneumatic gripper 2 coaxially clamps the valve stem, the rotary feed assembly is activated, driving the pneumatic gripper 2 to rotate the valve stem at a constant speed while feeding it forward along the central axis of the machine tool 1. At the same time, the drive assembly outputs power according to a set rhythm, causing the two sets of oscillating mechanisms to oscillate alternately. When one oscillating mechanism feeds the corresponding laser cutting head 3 into the processing position directly above the central axis of the pneumatic gripper 2, the other oscillating mechanism just happens to take the other laser cutting head 3 away from the processing position. The laser cutting head 3 that has entered the processing position stays at the central axis position for a predetermined time. After completing the current section of texture processing, the drive assembly switches the power direction, and the two oscillating mechanisms oscillate synchronously in opposite directions. The laser cutting head 3 in the original processing position exits, and the laser cutting head 3 in the original standby position enters, realizing a seamless alternating cycle of "one end processing, one end cooling and chip removal". The valve stem moves forward continuously under the continuous action of the rotary feed assembly, and the two laser cutting heads 3 repeat the above alternating-staying action, sequentially superimposing the required partitioned heterogeneous composite texture at different axial positions on the stem surface until the entire section is processed.

[0050] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the rotary feed assembly includes a sleeve shaft 4 and a rotating shaft 5 that slides with the sleeve shaft 4, wherein the sleeve shaft 4 is horizontally rotatably mounted on the machine tool 1 via a bracket 6;

[0051] The length direction of the sleeve shaft 4 is parallel to the length direction of the machine tool 1, and a reduction motor 7 is fixedly installed on the machine tool 1;

[0052] The output end of the geared motor 7 is coaxially connected to one end of the sleeve shaft 4, and the end of the rotating shaft 5 away from the geared motor 7 is coaxially connected to the pneumatic gripper 2.

[0053] The inner wall of the sleeve shaft 4 is provided with a groove 401 along its length direction, and the outer wall of the rotating shaft 5 is fixedly provided with a protrusion 501 along its length direction. The protrusion 501 is located in the groove 401 and is slidably engaged, and the protrusion 501 is located at the end of the rotating shaft 5 near the reduction motor 7.

[0054] A bearing seat 8 is fixedly installed on the machine tool 1, and a sleeve 9 is fixedly installed on the bearing seat 8. The sleeve 9 is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the end of the rotating shaft 5 away from the reduction motor 7.

[0055] The inner wall of the sleeve 9 is fitted with a rolling steel ball 10, and the outer wall of the rotating shaft 5 is provided with a spiral groove 502 along its length. The steel ball 10 is also fitted with the spiral groove 502. The spiral groove 502 is located near the end of the rotating shaft 5 near the pneumatic gripper 2.

[0056] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 When the geared motor 7 is powered on, its output end drives the sleeve shaft 4 to rotate continuously around its own axis. Since the groove 401 on the inner wall of the sleeve shaft 4 and the protrusion 501 on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 5 form an axial sliding pair, and the protrusion 501 is located at the end of the rotating shaft 5 close to the geared motor 7, the rotational motion of the sleeve shaft 4 is transmitted to the rotating shaft 5 without delay through the lateral contact of the groove 401 and the protrusion 501, so that the rotating shaft 5 obtains an angular velocity synchronized with the sleeve shaft 4.

[0057] Meanwhile, the bearing housing 8 is fixed on the machine tool 1, and the sleeve 9 at its front end remains stationary. The steel ball 10, which is rolled and embedded in the inner wall of the sleeve 9, can roll freely in the sleeve 9 and fall into the spiral groove 502 on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 5. When the rotating shaft 5 rotates, the steel ball 10 is equivalent to a fixed "nut", which forces the spiral groove 502 to make spiral feed along the steel ball 10. Since the direction of rotation and pitch of the spiral groove 502 are preset, the rotating shaft 5 is forced to generate axial displacement while rotating, that is, it moves forward (or backward) in a straight line while rotating.

[0058] The distal end of the rotating shaft 5 is coaxially fixed to the pneumatic gripper 2. Therefore, the pneumatic gripper 2 and the valve stem it holds are synchronously brought into a compound motion of "rotation + axial feed". The rotation speed is directly determined by the geared motor 7, and the axial feed speed is jointly determined by the pitch of the spiral groove 502 and the speed of the geared motor 7. When it is necessary to reverse, the geared motor 7 only needs to reverse, and the steel ball 10 will drive the rotating shaft 5 to retract along the spiral groove 502 in the opposite direction, realizing the rapid reset of the processing cycle. In the whole process, the sleeve shaft 4 is responsible for "transmitting torque", and the sleeve 9-steel ball 10-spiral groove 502 pair is responsible for "torque-to-axial displacement". The two work together to complete the rotary feed function.

[0059] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the sway mechanism includes a support plate 11, a rotating rod 12 and a swing rod 14, wherein the support plate 11 is fixedly mounted on the machine tool 1 and the rotating rod 12 is vertically rotatably mounted on the support plate 11;

[0060] A disc 13 is coaxially fixed on the rotating rod 12, one end of the swing rod 14 is connected to the rotating rod 12, and the laser cutting head 3 is vertically fixed on the other end of the swing rod 14;

[0061] A column 15 is fixedly installed on the support plate 11, and a pole 16 is eccentrically fixed on the disc 13. The column 15 and the pole 16 are connected by a hook spring 17, which is in a stretched state.

[0062] The support plate 11 is fixedly provided with a first limiting post 18 and a second limiting post 19. Under the action of the hook spring 17, the swing rod 14 abuts against the first limiting post 18, and the laser cutting head 3 is located directly above the central axis of the pneumatic gripper 2.

[0063] A first arc-shaped toothed plate 1301 is coaxially fixed on the disk 13, and a second arc-shaped toothed plate 1302 is also coaxially fixed on the disk 13. The first arc-shaped toothed plate 1301 and the second arc-shaped toothed plate 1302 are symmetrically arranged with the swing rod 14 as the center.

[0064] The drive assembly includes a gantry frame 20 and a transmission shaft 21 vertically rotatably mounted on the gantry frame 20. A rotating plate 22 is fixedly mounted on the transmission shaft 21. A stepper motor 24 with its output end coaxially connected to the transmission shaft 21 is fixedly mounted on the gantry frame 20. The stepper motor 24 is used to drive the transmission shaft 21 to rotate forward and backward.

[0065] Both ends of the rotating plate 22 are fixedly provided with three arc-shaped toothed plates 23. The three arc-shaped toothed plates 23 mesh with the first arc-shaped toothed plate 1301. When the transmission shaft 21 rotates forward under the drive of the stepper motor 24, the rotating plate 22 will drive the three arc-shaped toothed plates 23 to swing. The first arc-shaped toothed plate 1301 meshing with it will drive the disc 13 to rotate. The disc 13 will drive the swing arm 14 to swing through the rotating rod 12, so that the laser cutting head 3 will be withdrawn. When the three arc-shaped toothed plates 23 and the first arc-shaped toothed plate 1301 are separated, the hook spring 17 just exceeds the maximum tension. At this time, the disc 13 will rotate rapidly. The swing arm 14 will abut against the second limiting post 19. The second arc-shaped toothed plate 1302 will rotate to the initial position of the first arc-shaped toothed plate 1301.

[0066] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The stepper motor 24 is stationary, the rotating plate 22 is in the middle zero position, the tension of the hook spring 17 keeps the disc 13 in counterclockwise torque, the swing arm 14 is stopped by the first limit post 18, and the laser cutting head 3 is suspended above the central axis of the pneumatic gripper 2, in the "processing position".

[0067] The stepper motor 24 is controlled to rotate forward, and the transmission shaft 21 drives the rotating plate 22 to swing clockwise. The third arc-shaped toothed plate 23 on the rotating plate 22 engages with the first arc-shaped toothed plate 1301 of the disc 13. As the rotating plate 22 continues to rotate, the third arc-shaped toothed plate 23 applies a pushing force to the first arc-shaped toothed plate 1301, overcoming the tension of the hook spring 17, so that the disc 13 drives the rotating rod 12 to rotate clockwise together. The swing rod 14 swings outward in sync, and the laser cutting head 3 gradually moves away from the center of the valve stem until the hook spring 17 is stretched to its maximum elastic stroke (dead point).

[0068] The moment the last tooth of the third arc-shaped toothed plate 23 disengages from the first arc-shaped toothed plate 1301, the tension of the hook spring 17 has passed the dead point, and the stored elastic potential energy is released. Under the action of the hook spring 17, the disc 13 quickly "bounces" clockwise until the swing arm 14 hits the second limit post 19. At this time, the second arc-shaped toothed plate 1302 just rotates to the meshing ready position of the original first arc-shaped toothed plate 1301, and the laser cutting head 3 is stable in the "standby position".

[0069] Stepper motor 24 reverses, rotating plate 22 swings back, the third arc-shaped toothed plate 23 fixed on it meshes with the second arc-shaped toothed plate 1302 that has been positioned, pushing the disc 13 to rotate counterclockwise, the tension of hook spring 17 increases again, and once it crosses the dead point, it assists in rebounding, the swing arm 14 quickly returns and is repositioned by the first limit post 18, the laser cutting head 3 stops precisely above the central axis of the pneumatic gripper 2 again, completing one alternating cycle of "processing-withdrawal-standby-return";

[0070] Driven by the periodic forward and reverse rotation of the stepper motor 24, the two sets of oscillating mechanisms repeat the above actions to achieve alternating feeding and precise positioning of the two laser cutting heads 3.

[0071] A method for forming an alternating distributed composite texture structure on a valve stem using the aforementioned laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0072] Step 1: Clamping and positioning. Insert the tail end of the valve stem to be processed into the pneumatic gripper and start the clamping action to make the stem coaxial with the machine tool's central axis. Then, the geared motor starts, and the sleeve shaft drives the rotating shaft to rotate synchronously through the groove and convex pin pair. The steel balls in the sleeve drive the rotating shaft to rotate and feed forward along the spiral groove. The valve stem is sent to the initial processing position under the combined motion of rotation and axial feed.

[0073] Step 2: Parameter zoning setting. Based on the rod length and functional area division, set the laser power, pulse frequency, spiral groove pitch and stepper motor forward and reverse rotation rhythm of each section of the texture in the control unit to ensure that the parameter differences between adjacent areas are addressed with a different strategy for each area. At the same time, set the dwell time of the laser cutting head on one side above the central axis to ensure that the molten pool is fully solidified and the heat input is controllable.

[0074] Step 3: Dual-head alternating processing. The stepper motor rotates forward and backward according to a preset rhythm. The No. 3 arc-shaped toothed plate at both ends of the rotating plate meshes with the No. 1 and No. 2 arc-shaped toothed plates of the left and right discs in sequence. When the left laser cutting head is sent to the center axis by the swing arm, the right laser cutting head is simultaneously withdrawn to the standby position. The left head stays for a predetermined time and completes the current section of texture in the circumferential rotation of the valve stem. After engagement and disengagement, the hook spring releases instantly when it crosses the dead point, the disc quickly springs back, the left and right heads switch states, and the right head enters the processing position to continue to the next section. The rotary feed component continues to feed, and the dual heads alternate in a cycle until all the heterogeneous textures of the rod surface are formed in one go.

[0075] Step 4: Reset and unload. After all sections are processed, the geared motor decelerates and reverses. The steel balls drive the rotating shaft along the spiral groove, causing the valve stem to quickly return to the initial position. The pneumatic clamp releases, the finished valve stem is removed, and the device returns to the zero position, waiting for the next clamping.

[0076] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0077] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A laser partitioning and heterogeneous forming device for valve stems with alternating distributed composite texture structure, comprising a machine tool (1), a pneumatic gripper (2), and two laser cutting heads (3), characterized in that, The pneumatic gripper (2) is used to coaxially clamp and fix one end of the valve stem to be processed. A rotary feed assembly is provided on the machine tool (1) along its central axis. The rotary feed assembly is connected to the pneumatic gripper (2). When the rotary feed assembly is running, the pneumatic gripper (2) will drive the valve stem to rotate and move forward at the same time. The two laser cutting heads (3) are staggered on both sides of the pneumatic gripper (2) and are movably mounted on the machine tool (1) through two sets of tilting mechanisms. The machine tool (1) is provided with a drive assembly, which cooperates with the two sets of tilting mechanisms. When the drive assembly is running, the two sets of tilting mechanisms will drive the two laser cutting heads (3) to move alternately to the position directly above the central axis of the pneumatic gripper (2), and each laser cutting head (3) maintains a predetermined dwell time at the central axis position.

2. The valve stem laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device with alternating distributed composite texture structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary feed assembly includes a sleeve (4) and a rotating shaft (5) that slides with the sleeve (4). The sleeve (4) is horizontally rotatably mounted on the machine tool (1) via a bracket (6). The length direction of the sleeve shaft (4) is parallel to the length direction of the machine tool (1), and a geared motor (7) is fixedly installed on the machine tool (1).

3. The valve stem laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device with alternating distributed composite texture structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The output end of the geared motor (7) is coaxially connected to one end of the sleeve shaft (4), and the end of the rotating shaft (5) away from the geared motor (7) is coaxially connected to the pneumatic gripper (2). The inner wall of the sleeve shaft (4) is provided with a groove (401) along its length direction, and the outer wall of the rotating shaft (5) is fixedly provided with a protrusion (501) along its length direction. The protrusion (501) is located in the groove (401) and is slidably engaged. The protrusion (501) is located at the end of the rotating shaft (5) near the geared motor (7).

4. The valve stem laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device with alternating distributed composite texture structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, A bearing seat (8) is fixedly installed on the machine tool (1), and a sleeve (9) is fixedly installed on the bearing seat (8). The sleeve (9) is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the end of the rotating shaft (5) away from the geared motor (7). The inner wall of the sleeve (9) is fitted with a steel ball (10) rolling. The outer wall of the rotating shaft (5) is provided with a spiral groove (502) along its length. The steel ball (10) is also fitted with the spiral groove (502) rolling. The spiral groove (502) is located near the end of the rotating shaft (5) near the pneumatic gripper (2).

5. The valve stem laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device with alternating distributed composite texture structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sway mechanism includes a support plate (11), a rotating rod (12) and a swing rod (14). The support plate (11) is fixedly mounted on the machine tool (1), and the rotating rod (12) is vertically rotatably mounted on the support plate (11). A disc (13) is coaxially fixed on the rotating rod (12), one end of the swing rod (14) is connected to the rotating rod (12), and the laser cutting head (3) is vertically fixed on the other end of the swing rod (14).

6. The valve stem laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device with alternating distributed composite texture structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, A column (15) is fixedly installed on the support plate (11), and a pole (16) is eccentrically fixed on the disc (13). The column (15) and the pole (16) are connected by a hook spring (17), and the hook spring (17) is in a stretched state. The support plate (11) is fixedly provided with a first limiting post (18) and a second limiting post (19). Under the action of the hook spring (17), the swing rod (14) abuts against the first limiting post (18), and the laser cutting head (3) is located directly above the central axis of the pneumatic gripper (2).

7. The valve stem laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device with alternating distributed composite texture structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, A first arc-shaped toothed plate (1301) is coaxially fixed on the disk (13), and a second arc-shaped toothed plate (1302) is also coaxially fixed on the disk (13). The first arc-shaped toothed plate (1301) and the second arc-shaped toothed plate (1302) are symmetrically arranged with the swing rod (14) as the center.

8. The valve stem laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device with alternating distributed composite texture structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The drive assembly includes a gantry frame (20) and a drive shaft (21) that is vertically rotatably mounted on the gantry frame (20). A rotating plate (22) is fixedly mounted on the drive shaft (21). A stepper motor (24) whose output end is coaxially connected to the drive shaft (21) is fixedly mounted on the gantry frame (20). The stepper motor (24) is used to drive the drive shaft (21) to rotate forward and backward. Both ends of the rotating plate (22) are fixedly provided with three arc-shaped toothed plates (23). The three arc-shaped toothed plates (23) mesh with the first arc-shaped toothed plate (1301). When the transmission shaft (21) rotates forward under the drive of the stepper motor (24), the rotating plate (22) will drive the three arc-shaped toothed plates (23) to swing. The first arc-shaped toothed plate (1301) meshing with it will drive the disc (13) to rotate. The disc (13) will... The swing arm (14) is driven by the rotating rod (12) to swing, so that the laser cutting head (3) is withdrawn. When the third arc toothed plate (23) separates from the first arc toothed plate (1301), the hook spring (17) just exceeds the maximum tension. At this time, the disc (13) will rotate rapidly, the swing arm (14) will abut against the second limit post (19), and the second arc toothed plate (1302) will rotate to the initial position of the first arc toothed plate (1301).

9. A method for forming an alternating distributed composite texture structure on a valve stem using the laser partitioning heterogeneous forming device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Clamping and positioning. Insert the tail end of the valve stem to be processed into the pneumatic gripper and start the clamping action to make the stem coaxial with the machine tool's central axis. Then, the geared motor starts, and the sleeve shaft drives the rotating shaft to rotate synchronously through the groove and convex pin pair. The steel balls in the sleeve drive the rotating shaft to rotate and feed forward along the spiral groove. The valve stem is sent to the initial processing position under the combined motion of rotation and axial feed. Step 2: Parameter zoning setting. Based on the rod length and functional area division, set the laser power, pulse frequency, spiral groove pitch and stepper motor forward and reverse rotation rhythm of each section of the texture in the control unit to ensure that the parameter differences between adjacent areas are addressed with a different strategy for each area. At the same time, set the dwell time of the laser cutting head on one side above the central axis to ensure that the molten pool is fully solidified and the heat input is controllable. Step 3: Dual-head alternating processing. The stepper motor rotates forward and backward according to a preset rhythm. The No. 3 arc-shaped toothed plate at both ends of the rotating plate meshes with the No. 1 and No. 2 arc-shaped toothed plates of the left and right discs in sequence. When the left laser cutting head is sent to the center axis by the swing arm, the right laser cutting head is simultaneously withdrawn to the standby position. The left head stays for a predetermined time and completes the current section of texture in the circumferential rotation of the valve stem. After engagement and disengagement, the hook spring releases instantly when it crosses the dead point, the disc quickly springs back, the left and right heads switch states, and the right head enters the processing position to continue to the next section. The rotary feed component continues to feed, and the dual heads alternate in a cycle until all the heterogeneous textures of the rod surface are formed in one go. Step 4: Reset and unload. After all sections are processed, the geared motor decelerates and reverses. The steel balls drive the rotating shaft along the spiral groove, causing the valve stem to quickly return to the initial position. The pneumatic clamp releases, the finished valve stem is removed, and the device returns to the zero position, waiting for the next clamping.

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