Flexible temporary supporting device and operation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a flexible temporary supporting device and an operation method thereof, relates to the technical field of mine roadway supporting, and can solve the problem that in the prior art, rigid supporting and anchor rod and anchor cable supporting are difficult to actively adapt to surrounding rock deformation and are prone to failure, so that reliable supporting cannot be provided. The flexible temporary supporting device comprises a rack, a top supporting mechanism, two side wall supporting mechanisms, a first driving mechanism, a second driving mechanism, a sensor assembly and a controller, and the sensor assembly, the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism are all electrically connected to the controller. The controller controls actions of the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism according to monitoring signals of the sensor assembly so that the top supporting mechanism and the side wall supporting mechanism can conduct adjustable supporting on a roadway top plate and a roadway side wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of mine roadway support, specifically to a flexible temporary support device and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] In coal mine roadway excavation, commonly used support methods include rigid support and bolt / cable anchor support. Rigid support relies on steel frames, metal arches, and other components to form the initial load-bearing structure. While it provides some initial support strength, its structure is inherently rigid and lacks adaptability to complex surrounding rock deformation. When uneven settlement, interlayer slippage, or local bulging occurs in the surrounding rock, the rigid support cannot deform synchronously with the rock, easily leading to stress concentration at the contact interface. This can cause localized buckling under pressure, component breakage, or overall instability of the support, resulting in a rapid loss of support capacity. The failure of this type of rigid support is particularly typical in complex geological conditions such as fault fracture zones, areas with well-developed joints and fissures, and weak interbedded rock layers.

[0003] In contrast, bolt and cable support forms an internal reinforcement network through friction and adhesion between the anchor ends and the surrounding rock, and its support effect depends on the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock itself. However, under geological conditions such as soft and fractured rock, water-rich and weakly cemented rock, and well-developed structural planes, the overall integrity of the surrounding rock is poor, and bolts and cables cannot obtain sufficient anchoring force. The support system cannot effectively limit the initial instability process of the surrounding rock, resulting in a so-called "passive support" characteristic. That is, the system only gradually begins to bear the load after the surrounding rock undergoes a certain amount of deformation, failing to provide active restraint during the critical stage of initial deformation. For weak surrounding rock with rapid deformation rates and large deformation amounts, bolts and cables often fail to function in a timely manner due to "reaction lag," leading to the continuous expansion of the loosened rock zone, increased roadway convergence, and ultimately affecting roadway stability.

[0004] Furthermore, during tunneling, temporary supports of some form are typically installed to ensure a continuous transition from the front of the tunneling machine to the permanent support of the shotcrete mesh (or steel frame). However, existing temporary supports are mostly composed of discrete support components such as individual hydraulic props, friction props, or temporary beams. Their support patterns are distributed in a point-like or linear manner, making it difficult to form a continuous, uniformly fitted planar load-bearing structure. The support strength is limited, and the adaptability is insufficient. When switching between temporary and permanent supports, multiple procedures are required, including removing temporary supports, cleaning debris, anchoring, mesh installation, and shotcreting. This lengthy and complex construction chain often results in local areas being unsupported for a certain period, leading to excessively long periods without a roof and excessively large gaps between the roof and the roof. The presence of these gaps easily induces rapid loosening of the surrounding rock, delamination expansion, and block detachment. This risk of roof instability is further increased, especially in tunneling faces with poor geological conditions or significant surrounding rock disturbance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, this application provides a flexible temporary support device and its operation method to solve the problem that rigid support and anchor bolt and cable support in the prior art are difficult to adapt to the deformation of the surrounding rock and are prone to failure, thus failing to provide reliable support.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: A flexible temporary support device, comprising: The frame mounted on the tunneling machine; A top support mechanism connected to the top of the frame and used to support the roof of the roadway; Two side support mechanisms are connected to the frame and are used to support the sidewalls of the roadway, with the two side support mechanisms located on both sides of the frame. The first driving mechanism is used to drive the top support mechanism to move relative to the frame toward or away from the roadway roof, so as to adjust the support state of the top support mechanism on the roadway roof. The second drive mechanism is used to drive the side support mechanism to move relative to the frame toward or away from the roadway sidewall, so as to adjust the support state of the side support mechanism on the roadway sidewall. A sensor assembly for monitoring the relative displacement and / or support force between the top support mechanism and the top plate, and for monitoring the relative displacement and / or support force between the side support mechanism and the side plate; The controller is electrically connected to the sensor assembly, the first drive mechanism, and the second drive mechanism. The controller controls the operation of the first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism according to the monitoring signal of the sensor assembly, so that the top support mechanism and the side support mechanism can provide adjustable support for the roadway roof and the roadway sidewalls.

[0007] Optionally, both the top support mechanism and the side support mechanism include multiple support modules connected to the frame. The multiple support modules of the top support mechanism are connected to a first support plate and arranged to form a first support surface covering the top of the frame. The multiple support modules of the side support mechanism are connected to a second support plate and arranged to form a second support surface covering the side of the frame. Each of the support modules includes a support frame, a plurality of support rollers rotatably connected relative to the support frame, and a flexible track wound around the outer periphery of the plurality of support rollers. The outer side of the flexible track is used to support and abut against the roadway roof or roadway sidewall, and rolls on the support rollers as the frame moves with the tunneling machine.

[0008] Optionally, both the first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism include multiple hydraulic cylinders. One end of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the frame, and the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder away from the cylinder body is hinged to the bottom of the first support plate or the second support plate. The multiple hydraulic cylinders cooperate to drive the multiple support modules to move relative to the frame toward or away from the tunnel roof or tunnel sidewall.

[0009] Optionally, the sensor assembly includes a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor connected to the hydraulic cylinder, and the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor are electrically connected to the controller.

[0010] Optionally, the two ends of the support roller located near one end of the support frame along its length are respectively connected to the support frame via tensioning blocks, and the tensioning blocks are slidably arranged along the length of the support frame. The support frame is threaded with a tensioning bolt, the end of the threaded section of the tensioning bolt is rotatably connected to the tensioning block, so that by rotating the tensioning bolt, the tensioning block is driven to move along the length of the support frame, thereby adjusting the tension of the flexible track wrapped around the outer periphery of the multiple support rollers.

[0011] Optionally, the frame includes two mounting plates for connecting to both sides of the tunneling machine body, a first support plate connected between the two mounting plates and located on top of them, and side support plates connected to the outside of the two mounting plates respectively, with the two side support mechanisms respectively installed on the corresponding side support plates.

[0012] Optionally, the outer surface of the flexible track is provided with anti-slip texture.

[0013] This application also discloses a method for operating a flexible temporary support device, including: Installation steps: Install the flexible temporary support device on the top and sides of the tunneling machine via the frame, so that the top support mechanism is located above the tunneling machine and the two side support mechanisms are located on the sides of the tunneling machine respectively; Initial support steps for the roof: During the tunneling stage, the tunneling machine is pushed toward the tunneling face, and the first drive mechanism is controlled to drive the top support mechanism to extend, so that multiple flexible tracks in the top support mechanism are pushed up and simultaneously contact the roadway roof. The hydraulic cylinder applies initial support force to the flexible tracks, and the displacement sensor is reset to zero to detect the roadway roof settlement in real time. The support force of the top support mechanism is adjusted according to the detection results of the displacement sensor and pressure sensor. Side support steps: Control the second drive mechanism to drive the two side support mechanisms to extend to both sides of the roadway, so that the multiple flexible tracks of the side support mechanism abut against the side of the roadway and apply support force. The pressure sensor monitors the contact pressure between the flexible track and the surrounding rock of the roadway side in real time. The controller adjusts the output of the second drive mechanism through the proportional valve group according to the feedback of the pressure sensor to keep the side support force within the preset range. Driving and steering procedures: When the tunneling machine is driving and / or turning, the controller reduces the support force of the top support mechanism on the roof and increases the support force of the side support mechanism on the sidewalls, so as to reduce the driving resistance of the tunneling machine while maintaining the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway.

[0014] Optionally, it also includes: a permanent support coordination step: when performing permanent support operations with bolts and / or cables in the roadway, the controller controls the first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism to ensure that the top support mechanism maintains a lower preset roof support force than the tunneling stage during the permanent support operation stage, and that the side support mechanism maintains a lower preset side support force than the tunneling stage, forming a dynamic protection zone covering the tunneling face and its adjacent area, and absorbing and releasing the surrounding rock stress through the elastic deformation of the flexible track, thereby reducing the stress concentration of the surrounding rock in conjunction with the segmented support design.

[0015] Optionally, it also includes: extreme working condition response steps: when the tunneling machine passes through a section with extreme geological conditions, the displacement sensor detects the roof displacement and sends the detection data to the controller. When the roof displacement exceeds a preset threshold, the controller issues an early warning signal and increases the support force of the top support mechanism within a preset response time, while controlling the side support mechanism to increase the support force on the sidewall of the roadway.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following beneficial effects: The flexible temporary support device is mounted on the tunneling machine via a frame. It moves forward with the tunneling machine as it approaches the working face, ensuring the device remains close to the newly excavated space. This provides real-time, continuous support for the exposed surrounding rock during tunneling. As the tunneling machine advances, the top support mechanism and the two side support mechanisms extend towards the tunnel roof and sides under the control of the controller, providing active support to the roof and sides. This creates a support system covering the tunnel roof and sides, ensuring effective support for the surrounding rock as soon as it is exposed, preventing rapid expansion of the loose rock zone due to delayed support.

[0017] During the support process, the sensor assembly continuously monitors the relative displacement and / or support force between the top support mechanism and the roof, as well as the relative displacement and / or support force between the side support mechanisms and the side walls. Based on this monitoring data, the controller dynamically adjusts the outputs of the first and second drive mechanisms to maintain the support forces of the top and side support mechanisms within a reasonable range required for the stability of the surrounding rock. When local settlement, increased pressure, heave, or lateral compression occur in the surrounding rock, the sensors can feed back the changes to the controller in real time. The controller then adjusts the extension and retraction states of the drive mechanisms to automatically compensate for or release the support force, thereby maintaining a support effect that adapts to the deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0018] Through the above methods, this device overcomes the shortcomings of traditional rigid support, which cannot actively adapt to the deformation of the surrounding rock and is prone to stress concentration leading to failure. It also avoids the passivity of anchor bolt and cable support, which depends on the surrounding rock conditions and requires the surrounding rock to undergo a certain degree of deformation before it can function. Since the top support mechanism and side support mechanism can be adjusted in real time based on sensor feedback, this device can provide flexible, adjustable, and continuous support throughout the entire process of tunneling machine advancement. This significantly shortens the unsupported time after the surrounding rock is exposed, reduces the unsupported distance and duration between temporary and permanent supports during tunneling, and improves the overall stability and operational safety of the roadway under complex geological conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more intuitively illustrate the prior art and this application, several exemplary figures are provided below. It should be understood that the specific shapes and structures shown in the figures should not generally be regarded as limiting conditions for implementing this application; for example, based on the technical concept disclosed in this application and the exemplary figures, those skilled in the art are able to easily make conventional adjustments or further optimizations to the addition / reduction / classification, specific shapes, positional relationships, connection methods, size ratios, etc. of certain units (components).

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a flexible temporary support device provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cooperation structure between the top support mechanism and the first drive mechanism of a flexible temporary support device provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a support module of a flexible temporary support device provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cooperation structure of the side support mechanism and the second drive mechanism of a flexible temporary support device provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the track unit of a flexible temporary support device provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating an operation method for a flexible temporary support device provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Frame; 11. Mounting plate; 12. Side support plate; 2. Top support mechanism; 21. First support plate; 3. Side support mechanism; 31. Second support plate; 4. Support module; 41. Support frame; 42. Support roller; 43. Flexible track; 431. Track unit; 432. Anti-slip texture; 44. Tensioning block; 45. Tensioning bolt; 5. First drive mechanism; 6. Second drive mechanism; 7. Hydraulic cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0023] In the description of this application: unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. The terms "first," "second," "third," etc., in this application are intended to distinguish the objects referred to and do not have any special meaning in terms of technical connotation (e.g., they should not be construed as an emphasis on importance or order). Expressions such as "including," "comprising," and "having" also mean "not limited to" (certain units, components, materials, steps, etc.).

[0024] refer to Figure 1-6 This application discloses a flexible temporary support device, comprising: Frame 1 mounted on the tunneling machine (not shown in the figure); A top support mechanism 2 connected to the top of the frame 1 and used to support the roof of the roadway; Two side support mechanisms 3 are connected to the frame 1 and are used to support the side walls of the roadway. The two side support mechanisms 3 are located on both sides of the frame 1. The first drive mechanism 5 is used to drive the top support mechanism 2 to move relative to the frame 1 toward or away from the roadway roof, so as to adjust the support state of the top support mechanism 2 on the roadway roof. The second drive mechanism 6 is used to drive the side support mechanism 3 to move relative to the frame 1 toward or away from the roadway sidewall, so as to adjust the support state of the side support mechanism 3 on the roadway sidewall. Sensor assembly for monitoring the relative displacement and / or support force between the top support mechanism 2 and the top plate, and for monitoring the relative displacement and / or support force between the side support mechanism 3 and the side wall; The controller, sensor assembly, first drive mechanism 5 and second drive mechanism 6 are all electrically connected to the controller. The controller controls the operation of the first drive mechanism 5 and the second drive mechanism 6 according to the monitoring signal of the sensor assembly, so that the top support mechanism 2 and the side support mechanism 3 can provide adjustable support for the roadway roof and roadway sidewalls.

[0025] The flexible temporary support device is installed on the tunneling machine via frame 1. It moves forward with the tunneling machine as it approaches the working face, ensuring the device remains close to the newly excavated space. This provides real-time, continuous support for the exposed surrounding rock during tunneling. As the tunneling machine advances, the top support mechanism 2 and the two side support mechanisms 3 extend towards the tunnel roof and sides under the control of the controller, providing active support to the roof and sides. This creates a support system covering the tunnel roof and sides, ensuring effective support for the surrounding rock as soon as it is exposed, preventing rapid expansion of the loose rock zone due to delayed support.

[0026] During the support process, the sensor assembly continuously monitors the relative displacement and / or support force between the top support mechanism 2 and the roof, as well as the relative displacement and / or support force between the side support mechanism 3 and the side wall. Based on the above detection data, the controller dynamically adjusts the outputs of the first drive mechanism 5 and the second drive mechanism 6 to keep the support forces of the top support mechanism 2 and the side support mechanism 3 within a reasonable range required for the stability of the surrounding rock. When local settlement, increased pressure, heave, or lateral compression occurs in the surrounding rock, the sensors can feed back the changes to the controller in real time. The controller then adjusts the extension and retraction states of the drive mechanisms to automatically compensate for or release the support force, thereby maintaining a support effect that adapts to the deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0027] Through the above methods, this device overcomes the shortcomings of traditional rigid support, which cannot actively adapt to the deformation of the surrounding rock and is prone to stress concentration leading to failure. It also avoids the passivity of anchor bolt and cable support, which depends on the surrounding rock conditions and requires the surrounding rock to undergo a certain deformation before it can function. Since the top support mechanism 2 and the side support mechanism 3 can be adjusted in real time based on sensor feedback, this device can provide flexible, adjustable, and continuous support throughout the entire process of tunneling machine advancement. This significantly shortens the unsupported time after the surrounding rock is exposed, reduces the unsupported distance and duration between temporary and permanent supports during tunneling, and improves the overall stability and operational safety of the roadway under complex geological conditions.

[0028] Both the top support mechanism 2 and the side support mechanism 3 include multiple support modules 4 connected to the frame 1. The multiple support modules 4 of the top support mechanism 2 are connected to the first support plate 21 and are arranged to form a first support surface covering the top of the frame 1. The multiple support modules 4 of the side support mechanism 3 are connected to the second support plate 31 and are arranged to form a second support surface covering the side of the frame 1. Each support module 4 includes a support frame 41, a plurality of support rollers 42 rotatably connected relative to the support frame 41, and a flexible track 43 wrapped around the outer periphery of the plurality of support rollers 42. The outer side of the flexible track 43 is used to support and abut against the roadway roof or roadway sidewall, and rolls on the support rollers 42 when the frame 1 moves with the tunneling machine.

[0029] The top support mechanism 2 and the side support mechanism 3 are each composed of multiple support modules 4 arranged side by side. Through the arrangement and combination of the modules, continuous first and second support surfaces are formed on the top and sides of the frame 1, so that the support area is no longer an isolated point or line contact, but a large-area planar support structure covering the roadway roof and sidewalls. When there is local subsidence, local undulation, or uneven strength distribution in the surrounding rock of the roadway, different support modules 4 can independently abut and share the load, thereby effectively dispersing local stress concentration, reducing weak support areas caused by excessive stress at a single point, and improving the continuity and stability of the overall support.

[0030] Each support module 4 consists of a support frame 41, multiple rotating support rollers 42, and a flexible track 43 wrapped around the outer periphery of the support rollers 42. When the flexible track 43 contacts the tunnel roof or sidewalls, its flexibility and deformability allow it to conform to the uneven surface of the surrounding rock, forming a large effective contact area. This improves the fit of the support and reduces local pressure, avoiding sharp stress concentrations similar to those found in rigid supports. As the tunneling machine advances, the frame 1 moves with it. The flexible track 43 does not slide extensively with the roof or sidewalls; instead, it rolls internally between the multiple support rollers 42, achieving a rolling contact method where the outer side of the track is stationary relative to the surrounding rock, while the inner side rotates with the support rollers 42. This contact method significantly reduces the friction between the flexible track 43 and the surrounding rock, minimizing disturbance to the roof or sidewalls, thus helping to maintain the stability of the surrounding rock and reducing wear and energy consumption caused by support movement friction.

[0031] Since the flexible track 43 can be made of materials with elasticity or certain compressive deformation capacity, it can also provide a certain buffer and stress absorption effect when bearing the pressure of the surrounding rock, so that the stress released by the surrounding rock can be gradually dispersed, which is conducive to stabilizing the surrounding rock structure.

[0032] The first drive mechanism 5 and the second drive mechanism 6 both include multiple hydraulic cylinders 7. One end of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 7 is connected to the frame 1, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 7 is hinged to the bottom of the first support plate 21 or the second support plate 31 at the other end. The multiple hydraulic cylinders 7 work together to drive multiple support modules 4 to move relative to the frame 1 toward or away from the tunnel roof or tunnel sidewall.

[0033] Both the first drive mechanism 5 and the second drive mechanism 6 are connected by multiple hydraulic cylinders 7. The hydraulic cylinders 7 are powered and controlled by a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic pump station, and a solenoid valve assembly. One solenoid valve can control multiple hydraulic cylinders 7 simultaneously, achieving centralized oil supply, synchronous or asynchronous extension and retraction. The system has a mature structure, high control precision, and is suitable for the centralized hydraulic power supply conditions commonly used in downhole drilling. Because the hydraulic cylinders 7 have a fast response, large output force, and are easy to adjust precisely, the support module 4 can continuously and stably apply support force to the roadway roof or sidewalls according to support requirements during the movement of the tunneling machine.

[0034] Under complex surrounding rock conditions, the top plate or sidewalls at the location of each support module 4 may exhibit different settlement, undulations, unevenness, or localized weak areas. By connecting the first support plate 21 or the second support plate 31 at one end of the hydraulic cylinder 7 using a hinged connection, multiple hydraulic cylinders 7 can form different extension and contraction, allowing the support module 4 to tilt or rotate within an allowable range. This adapts to the local deformation of the surrounding rock, ensuring that the flexible track 43 is more fully in contact with the rock surface, and avoiding undesirable conditions such as uneven tightening, excessive force on one side, or localized suspension caused by rigid connections.

[0035] In some embodiments, the bottom of the first support plate 21 and the second support plate 31 are provided with mounting holes for hinged connection with the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 7, and the rotating shaft at the end of the piston rod passes through the mounting hole to form a hinged connection. To avoid mechanical interference when the support module 4 changes its tilt angle, the diameter of the mounting hole is set to be larger than the diameter of the rotating shaft, so that the rotating shaft has the necessary range of motion within the hole. When the support module 4 is in a certain tilted support state due to the inconsistent extension and retraction of multiple hydraulic cylinders 7, this structure allows the rotating shaft to rotate smoothly within the hole without causing hinge jamming due to structural interference, thereby ensuring that the support module 4 has sufficient sway in the three-dimensional direction.

[0036] In some embodiments, one end of the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 7 may also be hinged to the frame 1.

[0037] The sensor assembly includes a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor connected to the hydraulic cylinder 7, and the pressure sensor and displacement sensor are electrically connected to the controller.

[0038] The sensor assembly includes a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor. The pressure sensor is installed in the hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic cylinder 7 driving the support module 4. It detects the current output pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 7 and calculates the support force applied by the top support mechanism 2 and the side support mechanism 3 to the roadway roof or sidewalls. The displacement sensor is installed on the body of the hydraulic cylinder 7 or the extension end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 7. It detects the extension amount of the hydraulic cylinder 7, thereby reflecting the relative displacement between the support module 4 and the surrounding rock. Both the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor are electrically connected to the controller and can provide real-time feedback on the support status to the controller.

[0039] During tunnel support, when the flexible track 43 of the top support mechanism 2 contacts the roof, if the displacement sensor detects roof subsidence, its feedback signal will cause the controller to instruct the hydraulic cylinder 7 in the first drive mechanism 5 to automatically extend and apply additional pressure, so that the support module 4 moves down synchronously with the surrounding rock settlement and maintains the necessary fit. If the displacement sensor detects local bulging or rebound of the roof, the controller adjusts the hydraulic cylinder 7 to release pressure and slightly contract it to avoid excessive support force or local compression. In this way, the top support mechanism 2 can always maintain a flexible support state of "connecting to the roof without detaching and adjustable under pressure", adapting to slight deformation of the surrounding rock and maintaining continuous fit.

[0040] When the flexible track 43 just touches the top, the pressure sensor detects that the support force has reached the set preload threshold (e.g., 50 kN). The controller then switches the support mode from displacement-based following control to pressure control mode, and subsequently slowly increases the output pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 7, gradually bringing the support force to a preset stable support value. In this control mode, the pressure sensor continuously monitors changes in the support force, and the controller adjusts the output of the hydraulic cylinder 7 according to the pressure deviation to avoid insufficient or overloaded support, ensuring that the support force is always maintained within a safe range (e.g., 200-300 kN).

[0041] The side support mechanism 3 operates similarly to the top support mechanism 2. When the flexible track 43 of the side wall is in contact with the side wall, the pressure sensor monitors the contact pressure in real time. The controller adjusts the output force of the second drive mechanism 6 according to the pressure feedback to keep the lateral support force within a preset range (e.g., 150-300kN). The displacement sensor is used to guide the hydraulic cylinder 7 to compensate and extend when the surrounding rock experiences local depressions or protrusions, so that the flexible track 43 continues to be in contact with the side wall, achieving stable and reliable lateral support. With the help of the dual feedback control logic composed of pressure and displacement sensors, this device can achieve active adjustment support for the roof and side walls, responding promptly when the surrounding rock deforms, loosens, or experiences stress release, effectively improving the safety and stability of the roadway support.

[0042] When the flexible temporary support device is about to move forward or needs to be removed from the support position, the controller controls the solenoid reversing valve to be energized in the reverse direction, so that high-pressure oil enters the rod chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 7. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 7 then retracts, thereby driving the top support module 4 to move down as a whole, so that the top support mechanism 2 falls back to its lowest position to avoid interference with the top plate during the forward movement.

[0043] In addition, when the tunneling machine advances forward or the tunnel cross-section changes, the controller instructs the second drive mechanism 6 to retract multiple hydraulic cylinders 7 synchronously, causing the side support module 4 to retract as a whole towards the machine body. This prevents scraping or interference caused by changes in tunnel width, local protrusions, or adjustments in the tunneling machine's posture, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the support device during dynamic movement.

[0044] The two ends of the support roller 42, which is located near the longitudinal end of the support frame 41, are connected to the support frame 41 by tensioning blocks 44. The tensioning blocks 44 are slidably arranged along the longitudinal direction of the support frame 41. The support frame 41 is threaded with a tensioning bolt 45. The end of the threaded section of the tensioning bolt 45 is rotatably connected to the tensioning block 44. By rotating the tensioning bolt 45, the tensioning block 44 is driven to move along the length of the support frame 41, thereby adjusting the tension of the flexible track 43 that is wrapped around the outer periphery of the multiple support rollers 42.

[0045] A support roller 42, located near one end of the support frame 41 along its length, is connected to the support frame 41 at both ends via tension blocks 44. Since the tension blocks 44 are slidably mounted along the length of the support frame 41, the position of the support roller 42 is not fixed but can be displaced along the track's wrapping direction under the influence of the tension blocks 44. A tension bolt 45 mounted on the support frame 41 is threaded, with its threaded end rotatably connected to the tension block 44. When the operator rotates the tension bolt 45, axial displacement occurs due to the threaded joint, causing the tension bolt 45 to push the tension block 44 along the length of the support frame 41, thus moving the support roller 42 forward or backward accordingly. This changes the effective wrapping path length of the flexible track 43, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the tension of the flexible track 43.

[0046] To facilitate downhole maintenance and operation, the head of the tension bolt 45 is designed to extend to the outside of the support frame 41, allowing operating tools (such as wrenches) to directly contact the bolt head for tightening in narrow tunnel environments without disassembling other components, thus providing high maintainability and ease of operation. Through this structural arrangement, the tension of the flexible track 43 can be quickly and accurately adjusted under different working conditions: when the track becomes loose due to long-term operation, the tensioning block 44 can be moved outward by tightening the tension bolt 45, thereby restoring the track's preload; when disassembly, replacement, or maintenance is required, the tensioning block 44 can be moved back by reverse tightening the tension bolt 45 to relax the track tension.

[0047] The aforementioned tensioning mechanism not only ensures the reliable contact and stable rolling of the flexible track 43 during operation, but also prevents jumping, deviation, or derailment caused by excessively loose tracks, as well as preventing multi-point overload, localized wear, and increased travel resistance caused by excessively tight tracks.

[0048] The frame 1 includes two mounting plates 11 for connecting to both sides of the tunneling machine body, a first support plate 21 connected between the two mounting plates 11 and located on top of them, and side support plates 12 connected to the outside of the two mounting plates 11 respectively. Two side support mechanisms 3 are respectively installed on the corresponding side support plates 12.

[0049] The frame 1 is a portal frame structure consisting of two mounting plates 11, a first support plate 21, and side support plates 12. The two mounting plates 11 are respectively arranged on both sides of the tunneling machine body, the first support plate 21 is transversely arranged across the upper part of the two mounting plates 11, and the side support plates 12 are respectively connected to the outer side of the mounting plates 11. The mounting plates 11, the first support plate 21, and the side support plates 12 can be welded from square tubes, channel steel, or reinforcing plates, or can be reliably fixed to the tunneling machine body frame by means of bolt connection, flange connection, or pin connection, so that the flexible temporary support device forms an integrated structural whole with the tunneling machine body.

[0050] As the tunneling machine advances towards the working face, the portal frame 1 moves synchronously with the machine. The top support mechanism 2 and the side support mechanism 3 are always located at the forefront of the newly excavated roadway, achieving dynamic contact and real-time support for the exposed surrounding rock. The top support mechanism 2 is installed on the first support plate 21, allowing it to continuously cover the roadway roof along the tunneling machine's forward direction. The two side support mechanisms 3 are respectively installed on the left and right side support plates 12, allowing them to closely adhere to the roadway sides.

[0051] This frame structure not only provides continuous and flexible temporary support during tunneling, but also allows for simultaneous permanent support operations such as bolt and cable anchoring within the roadway while the support device maintains its support status. The frame 1 and its support mechanism form a transition zone between temporary and permanent support, preventing gaps or times between the two support procedures on the roadway roof and sides, thus ensuring the continuity, tightness, and safety of the support operation. Through this structural arrangement and installation method, this device can maintain a stable support status under complex working conditions, providing reliable support for the tunneling machine's advance and the permanent support construction of the roadway.

[0052] The outer surface of the flexible track 43 is provided with anti-slip texture.

[0053] The outer surface of the flexible track 43 is provided with anti-slip texture. When the flexible track 43 is in contact with the tunnel roof or sidewall, the anti-slip texture can form an interlocking action with the rock surface, resulting in a higher coefficient of friction and more stable support contact on the outer surface of the flexible track 43. Since the flexible track 43 is in contact with the surrounding rock in a rolling manner, if the outer surface is a smooth plane, it is very easy to slip, lose contact, or slip momentarily when there is dust, water film, or smooth local rock surface on the roof or sidewall, which will affect the support effect.

[0054] In some embodiments, the flexible track 43 is composed of a plurality of interconnected track units 431, and the outer side of the track unit 431 is integrally formed with anti-slip texture 432.

[0055] This application also discloses a method for operating a flexible temporary support device, including: Installation steps: Install the flexible temporary support device on the top and sides of the tunneling machine through the frame 1, so that the top support mechanism 2 is located above the tunneling machine and the two side support mechanisms 3 are located on the sides of the tunneling machine respectively; Initial support steps for the roof: During the tunneling stage, the tunneling machine is pushed toward the tunneling face, and the first drive mechanism 5 is controlled to drive the top support mechanism 2 to extend, so that multiple flexible tracks 43 in the top support mechanism 2 rise to the top and simultaneously contact the roadway roof. The hydraulic cylinder 7 applies initial support force to the flexible tracks 43, and the displacement sensor is reset to zero to detect the roadway roof settlement in real time. The support force of the top support mechanism 2 is adjusted according to the detection results of the displacement sensor and pressure sensor to meet the support requirements of this section of the roadway. Side support steps: The second drive mechanism 6 is controlled to drive the two side support mechanisms 3 to extend to both sides of the roadway, so that the multiple flexible tracks 43 of the side support mechanism 3 abut against the side of the roadway and apply support force, so that the surface texture of the flexible track 43 is embedded into the side of the roadway to prevent slippage. When encountering undulations in the side rock wall, a single flexible track 43 is allowed to tilt relative to its support frame 41 to maintain lateral stability. The pressure sensor monitors the contact pressure between the flexible track 43 and the surrounding rock of the side of the roadway in real time. The controller adjusts the output of the second drive mechanism 6 through the proportional valve group according to the feedback of the pressure sensor to keep the side support force within the preset range. Driving and turning procedures: When the tunneling machine is driving and / or turning, the controller reduces the support force of the top support mechanism 2 on the roof and increases the support force of the side support mechanism 3 on the sidewalls, so as to reduce the driving resistance of the tunneling machine while maintaining the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway, so that the tunneling machine can move and turn more smoothly and safely.

[0056] Permanent support coordination steps: When performing permanent support operations with bolts and / or cables in the roadway, the controller controls the first drive mechanism 5 and the second drive mechanism 6 to maintain the top support mechanism 2 at a lower than the preset roof support force (accounting for 60% of the normal roof support force) during the permanent support operation stage, and to maintain the side support mechanism 3 at a lower than the preset side support force (accounting for 50% of the normal side support force) during the tunneling stage, forming a dynamic protection zone covering the tunneling face and its adjacent area. The 10-15% elastic deformation of the flexible track 43 absorbs and releases the surrounding rock stress, and the segmented support design reduces the stress concentration of the surrounding rock.

[0057] Extreme working condition response steps: When the tunneling machine passes through sections with extreme geological conditions such as faults and collapse columns, the displacement sensor detects the roof displacement and sends the detection data to the controller. When the roof displacement exceeds the preset threshold, the controller issues an early warning signal and increases the support force of the top support mechanism 2 within the preset response time. At the same time, it controls the side support mechanism 3 to increase the support force on the sidewall of the roadway.

[0058] like Figure 6 As shown, the control process of this flexible temporary support device includes multiple stages such as system initialization, support start-up, support mode switching, dynamic feedback adjustment, and special working condition handling.

[0059] First, after the system is powered on, it enters the initialization phase. The controller performs self-checks on the sensor components, drive mechanism, solenoid valve group, and hydraulic system, and confirms that the communication link between the device and the tunneling machine is normal. After initialization is complete, the system enters the work preparation state and waits for the support start signal sent by the tunneling machine.

[0060] Upon receiving the support start command, the top support mechanism 2 and the side support mechanism 3 each enter an independent support start process. During top support start-up, the controller first controls the hydraulic cylinder 7 to extend, causing the top support module 4 to move upwards and gradually contact the roadway roof. Simultaneously, a displacement sensor monitors the relative position of the support module 4. When displacement feedback indicates that the support module 4 has reached the preset contact position, the system determines whether the support force has reached the set threshold. If not, it continues to adjust the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder 7 until the pressure threshold is triggered, at which point it switches to pressure control mode.

[0061] The sidewall support activation process is similar to that of the top support process. The controller controls the sidewall hydraulic cylinder 7 to extend outward, causing the sidewall support module 4 to abut against the roadway sidewall, and the contact pressure is monitored in real time by a pressure sensor. When the detected pressure reaches the preset value, the system enters the sidewall pressure control mode to maintain a stable lateral support force.

[0062] Once both the top support mechanism 2 and the side support mechanism 3 have switched to pressure mode, the system enters the dynamic feedback adjustment phase. Based on real-time data from displacement and pressure sensors, the controller continuously adjusts the support status in both directions to compensate for minor deformations of the surrounding rock or changes in the tunnel boring machine's attitude, achieving continuous, flexible, and adjustable support. During this process, if any abnormal changes are detected in the roof or sidewalls, such as rapid settlement, heave, shear displacement, or sudden pressure changes, the system will enter a special working condition feedback process to quickly correct the support pressure and position, and increase the support level as needed to ensure the safety of equipment and personnel.

[0063] When the tunneling machine moves forward, encounters changes in the roadway cross-section, or prepares to withdraw from the support area, the system executes the support retraction process according to the instructions. By controlling the solenoid valve group, the hydraulic cylinder 7 is retracted synchronously, and the top support module 4 and the side support module 4 are retracted to a safe position, thus completing the support action.

[0064] Through the above workflow, the flexible temporary support device can achieve real-time, flexible, and dynamic support throughout the entire tunneling operation, ensuring that the tunnel roof and sidewalls remain under control under different working conditions.

[0065] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way (as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features). For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described; these embodiments not explicitly written should also be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0066] The present application has been described in a relatively specific and detailed manner above through general descriptions and specific embodiments. It should be understood that, based on the technical concept of the present application, several conventional adjustments or further innovations can be made to these specific embodiments; however, as long as they do not depart from the technical concept of the present application, the technical solutions obtained by these conventional adjustments or further innovations also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A flexible temporary support device, characterized in that, include: The frame mounted on the tunneling machine; A top support mechanism connected to the top of the frame and used to support the roof of the roadway; Two side support mechanisms are connected to the frame and are used to support the sidewalls of the roadway, with the two side support mechanisms located on both sides of the frame. The first driving mechanism is used to drive the top support mechanism to move relative to the frame toward or away from the roadway roof, so as to adjust the support state of the top support mechanism on the roadway roof. The second drive mechanism is used to drive the side support mechanism to move relative to the frame toward or away from the roadway sidewall, so as to adjust the support state of the side support mechanism on the roadway sidewall. A sensor assembly for monitoring the relative displacement and / or support force between the top support mechanism and the top plate, and for monitoring the relative displacement and / or support force between the side support mechanism and the side plate; The controller is electrically connected to the sensor assembly, the first drive mechanism, and the second drive mechanism. The controller controls the operation of the first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism according to the monitoring signal of the sensor assembly, so that the top support mechanism and the side support mechanism can provide adjustable support for the roadway roof and the roadway sidewalls.

2. The flexible temporary support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the top support mechanism and the side support mechanism include multiple support modules connected to the frame. The multiple support modules of the top support mechanism are connected to a first support plate and arranged to form a first support surface covering the top of the frame. The multiple support modules of the side support mechanism are connected to a second support plate and arranged to form a second support surface covering the side of the frame. Each of the support modules includes a support frame, a plurality of support rollers rotatably connected relative to the support frame, and a flexible track wound around the outer periphery of the plurality of support rollers. The outer side of the flexible track is used to support and abut against the roadway roof or roadway sidewall, and rolls on the support rollers as the frame moves with the tunneling machine.

3. The flexible temporary support device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism include multiple hydraulic cylinders. One end of the cylinder body of each hydraulic cylinder is connected to the frame, and the end of the piston rod of each hydraulic cylinder away from the cylinder body is hinged to the bottom of the first support plate or the second support plate. The multiple hydraulic cylinders cooperate to drive the multiple support modules to move relative to the frame toward or away from the tunnel roof or tunnel sidewall.

4. The flexible temporary support device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sensor assembly includes a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor connected to the hydraulic cylinder, and the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor are electrically connected to the controller.

5. The flexible temporary support device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The two ends of the support roller, which is located near one end of the support frame along its length, are connected to the support frame via tensioning blocks. The tensioning blocks are slidably arranged along the length of the support frame. The support frame is threaded with a tensioning bolt, the end of the threaded section of the tensioning bolt is rotatably connected to the tensioning block, so that by rotating the tensioning bolt, the tensioning block is driven to move along the length of the support frame, thereby adjusting the tension of the flexible track wrapped around the outer periphery of the multiple support rollers.

6. The flexible temporary support device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The frame includes two mounting plates for connecting to both sides of the tunneling machine body, a first support plate connected between the two mounting plates and located on top of them, and side support plates connected to the outside of the two mounting plates respectively. The two side support mechanisms are respectively installed on the corresponding side support plates.

7. The flexible temporary support device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer surface of the flexible track is provided with anti-slip texture.

8. A method for operating a flexible temporary support device, characterized in that, include: Installation steps: Install the flexible temporary support device on the top and sides of the tunneling machine via the frame, so that the top support mechanism is located above the tunneling machine and the two side support mechanisms are located on the sides of the tunneling machine respectively; Initial support steps for the roof: During the tunneling stage, the tunneling machine is pushed toward the tunneling face, and the first drive mechanism is controlled to drive the top support mechanism to extend, so that multiple flexible tracks in the top support mechanism are pushed up and simultaneously contact the roadway roof. The hydraulic cylinder applies initial support force to the flexible tracks, and the displacement sensor is reset to zero to detect the roadway roof settlement in real time. The support force of the top support mechanism is adjusted according to the detection results of the displacement sensor and pressure sensor. Side support steps: Control the second drive mechanism to drive the two side support mechanisms to extend to both sides of the roadway, so that the multiple flexible tracks of the side support mechanism abut against the side of the roadway and apply support force. The pressure sensor monitors the contact pressure between the flexible track and the surrounding rock of the roadway side in real time. The controller adjusts the output of the second drive mechanism through the proportional valve group according to the feedback of the pressure sensor to keep the side support force within the preset range. Driving and steering procedures: When the tunneling machine is driving and / or turning, the controller reduces the support force of the top support mechanism on the roof and increases the support force of the side support mechanism on the sidewalls, so as to reduce the driving resistance of the tunneling machine while maintaining the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway.

9. The operating method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: Permanent support coordination steps: When performing permanent support operations with bolts and / or cables in the roadway, the controller controls the first and second drive mechanisms to ensure that the top support mechanism maintains a lower preset roof support force than the tunneling stage during the permanent support operation phase, and that the side support mechanism maintains a lower preset side support force than the tunneling stage, forming a dynamic protection zone covering the tunneling face and its adjacent area. The elastic deformation of the flexible tracks absorbs and releases the surrounding rock stress, and the segmented support design reduces the stress concentration of the surrounding rock.

10. The operating method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: Extreme working condition response steps: When the tunneling machine passes through a section with extreme geological conditions, the displacement sensor detects the roof displacement and sends the detection data to the controller. When the roof displacement exceeds the preset threshold, the controller issues an early warning signal and increases the support force of the top support mechanism within a preset response time. At the same time, it controls the side support mechanism to increase the support force on the sidewalls of the roadway.

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