Composite circulation system based on hydrogen internal combustion engine

Abstract

The invention provides a composite circulating system based on a hydrogen internal combustion engine, comprising: a first power system comprising a hydrogen internal combustion engine system for converting hydrogen energy into mechanical energy and a cooling liquid circulating system for cooling the hydrogen internal combustion engine system; the second power system comprises an electric system for converting electric energy into mechanical energy, a cold carrier cycle for cooling the electric system and a heat carrier cycle for heating the electric system, and the temperature of the electric system is controlled within a preset range by selectively executing the cold carrier cycle and the heat carrier cycle; the working medium circulating system comprises a first working system which absorbs heat energy of the cooling liquid circulating system through a working medium, converts the absorbed heat energy into electric energy so as to supply power to the electric system, and / or stores the absorbed heat energy or utilizes the absorbed heat energy to circularly supply heat to a heat carrier; and the second working system is partially parallel to the first working system, and absorbs the heat of the cold carrier circulation through a working medium to cool the cold carrier circulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] At least one embodiment of this disclosure relates to the field of power system technology, and more particularly to a combined cycle system based on a hydrogen internal combustion engine. Background Technology

[0002] The transportation industry accounts for a large proportion of carbon emissions, primarily from internal combustion engines. Hydrogen internal combustion engines have promising applications due to their low operating costs, low carbon emissions, and high energy efficiency potential. However, during operation, hydrogen internal combustion engines suffer from issues such as wasted hydrogen cooling energy, insufficient waste heat recovery and utilization, and inadequate multi-energy synergy and complementarity. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, this disclosure provides a combined cycle system based on a hydrogen internal combustion engine, which at least partially solves the above-mentioned technical problems, achieves high integration and energy cascade utilization and synergistic effect, and achieves the effect of complementary energy utilization.

[0004] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a combined cycle system based on a hydrogen internal combustion engine, comprising: a first power system including a hydrogen internal combustion engine system that converts hydrogen energy into mechanical energy and a coolant circulation system that cools the hydrogen internal combustion engine system; a second power system including an electric system that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, a cold carrier circulation that cools the electric system, and a heat carrier circulation that heats the electric system, wherein the temperature of the electric system is controlled within a preset range by selectively executing the cold carrier circulation and the heat carrier circulation; and a working fluid circulation system including: a first working system that absorbs heat energy from the coolant circulation system through a working fluid and converts the absorbed heat energy into electrical energy to power the electric system, and / or stores the absorbed heat energy or uses the absorbed heat energy to heat the heat carrier circulation; and a second working system that runs parallel to the first working system and cools the cold carrier circulation by absorbing heat from the cold carrier circulation through a working fluid.

[0005] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the first working system forms a cycle through the flow of a working fluid and includes: a first heat exchange mechanism for absorbing heat energy from the coolant circulation system through the working fluid; a working mechanism for absorbing heat energy from the working fluid in the first heat exchange mechanism and converting the absorbed heat energy into electrical energy to power the electric system, and / or storing the absorbed heat energy or using the absorbed heat energy to circulate heat to the heat carrier; and a second heat exchange mechanism for cooling the working fluid from the working mechanism and transporting the working fluid to the first heat exchange mechanism to form a cycle.

[0006] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the working mechanism includes: a power generation mechanism that absorbs the thermal energy of the working fluid from the first heat exchange mechanism and converts the absorbed thermal energy into electrical energy to power the electric system; a heat storage mechanism disposed downstream of the power generation mechanism to absorb the thermal energy of the working fluid for heat storage, or to circulate heat to the heat carrier by exchanging heat with the heat carrier; and a first control valve disposed downstream of the first heat exchange mechanism to control the delivery of the working fluid to the power generation mechanism and / or the heat storage mechanism.

[0007] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the power generation mechanism includes: an expander disposed between the first control valve and the heat storage mechanism to convert the thermal energy of the working fluid from the first heat exchange mechanism into mechanical energy through expansion; and a generator connected to the expander to convert the mechanical energy of the expander into electrical energy to power the electric system.

[0008] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the first working system further includes a third heat exchange mechanism, which runs parallel to the heat storage mechanism, to absorb the heat energy of the working fluid from the power generation mechanism and circulate heat to the heat carrier through heat exchange with the heat carrier.

[0009] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the second working system forms a cycle through the flow of a working fluid and includes: a fourth heat exchange mechanism, running parallel to the first heat exchange mechanism and the power generation mechanism, which absorbs the heat energy of the circulating cold carrier through the working fluid to cool the circulating cold carrier, so as to transport the heat-absorbing working fluid to the heat storage mechanism for heat storage; and a compressor, which pressurizes the working fluid from the fourth heat exchange mechanism and transports the working fluid to the heat storage mechanism.

[0010] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the hydrogen internal combustion engine system includes: a hydrogen storage device for storing hydrogen and exchanging heat with a second heat exchange mechanism to cool the working fluid of the first working system and / or the second working system; and a hydrogen internal combustion engine for burning hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device to convert it into mechanical energy, wherein the coolant circulation system cools the hydrogen internal combustion engine.

[0011] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the working fluid circulation system further includes a fifth heat exchange mechanism, which receives the working fluid from the first heat exchange mechanism and absorbs the heat from the exhaust gas discharged from the hydrogen internal combustion engine to heat the working fluid and deliver it to the working mechanism.

[0012] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the electric system includes: a battery electrically connected to the power generation mechanism and storing electrical energy; a motor electrically connected to the battery and receiving electrical energy to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy; and a cockpit; wherein the battery, the motor, and the cockpit respectively form the cold carrier cycle with the fourth heat exchange mechanism; and the battery, the motor, and the cockpit respectively form the heat carrier cycle with the heat storage mechanism or the third heat exchange mechanism.

[0013] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the combined cycle system further includes a mechanical coupling mechanism coupled to the electric system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine system to couple the mechanical energy of the electric system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine system.

[0014] According to the hydrogen internal combustion engine-based compound circulation system provided in this disclosure, the first working system can absorb the heat energy of the coolant circulation system through the working fluid. Depending on actual needs, the first working system can be controlled to meet at least one of the following: power supply, heat storage, and heating requirements. The second working system can also absorb heat from the cold carrier circulation through the working fluid to cool the cold carrier circulation, meeting cooling requirements, thereby achieving a high degree of integration of power supply, heat storage, heating, and cooling functions. By selecting the required functions according to actual needs, the system can adapt to the cooling / heating management and power supply requirements under different seasons and operating conditions.

[0015] Furthermore, the working fluid circulation system forms a composite circulation system with the first and second power systems. The working fluid circulation system can convert the heat energy of the first power system into electrical energy and supply power to the second power system, reducing heat energy waste and achieving heat energy recovery and utilization. The working fluid circulation system can also provide heat or cooling to the second power system, maintaining its normal operation. Energy can be utilized in a cascade and synergistic manner, achieving the effect of complementary energy utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become clearer from the following description of embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a hydrogen internal combustion engine-based compound cycle system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the combined cooling and power mode of a hydrogen internal combustion engine-based combined cycle system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0019] Figure 3 The schematic diagram illustrates the waste heat and waste cooling power generation mode of a hydrogen internal combustion engine-based compound cycle system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the thermal storage mode of a hydrogen internal combustion engine-based compound cycle system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrates the combined heat and power (CHP) mode of a hydrogen internal combustion engine-based combined cycle system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the cooling mode of a hydrogen internal combustion engine-based compound cycle system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown; and

[0023] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the heating mode of a hydrogen internal combustion engine-based compound cycle system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0024] Figure Labels

[0025] 1. First power system; 11. Hydrogen internal combustion engine system; 111. Hydrogen storage device; 112. Hydrogen internal combustion engine; 12. Coolant circulation system; 2. Second power system; 21. Electric system; 211. Battery; 212. Motor; 213. Cockpit; 22. Cold carrier circulation; 23. Hot carrier circulation; 24. Fifth control valve; 25. Sixth control valve; 3. First working system; 31. First heat exchange mechanism; 32. Working mechanism; 321. Power generation mechanism; 32 11. Expander; 3212. Generator; 322. Heat storage mechanism; 323. First control valve; 324. Expansion valve; 33. Second heat exchange mechanism; 34. Third heat exchange mechanism; 35. Second control valve; 36. Third control valve; 37. Fourth control valve; 38. Throttling valve; 4. Second working system; 41. Fourth heat exchange mechanism; 42. Compressor; 5. Fifth heat exchange mechanism; 6. Mechanical coupling mechanism; 7. Air-cooled radiator; 8. Liquid storage tank; 9. Working fluid pump. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0027] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0028] All terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification, and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0029] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C," the meaning should generally be interpreted according to the understanding of someone skilled in the art. For example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include, but is not limited to, systems having A alone, having B alone, having C alone, having A and B, having A and C, having B and C, and / or having A, B, and C. Similarly, when using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, or C," the meaning should generally be interpreted according to the understanding of someone skilled in the art. For example, "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" should include, but is not limited to, systems having A alone, having B alone, having C alone, having A and B, having A and C, having B and C, and / or having A, B, and C.

[0030] It should also be noted that the directional terms mentioned in the embodiments, such as "up," "down," "front," "back," "left," and "right," are only for reference to the directions in the accompanying drawings and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. Throughout the drawings, the same elements are represented by the same or similar reference numerals. Conventional structures or constructions will be omitted where they may cause confusion in understanding this disclosure.

[0031] The embodiments of this disclosure propose a combined cycle system based on a hydrogen internal combustion engine, which can be applied to motor vehicles such as automobiles and buses. (See also...) Figure 1 As shown, the composite circulation system includes a first power system 1, a second power system 2, and a working fluid circulation system. The first power system 1 includes a hydrogen internal combustion engine system 11 that converts hydrogen energy into mechanical energy and a coolant circulation system 12 that cools the hydrogen internal combustion engine system 11. The second power system 2 includes an electric system 21 that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, a cold carrier circulation 22 that cools the electric system 21, and a hot carrier circulation 23 that heats the electric system 21. The temperature of the electric system 21 is controlled within a preset range by selectively executing the cold carrier circulation 22 and the hot carrier circulation 23.

[0032] The working fluid circulation system includes a first working system 3 and a second working system 4. The first working system 3 absorbs heat energy from the coolant circulation system 12 through the working fluid and converts the absorbed heat energy into electrical energy to power the electric system 21, and / or stores the absorbed heat energy or uses the absorbed heat energy to heat the heat carrier circulation 23. The second working system 4 runs parallel to the first working system 3 and cools the cold carrier circulation 22 by absorbing heat from the cold carrier circulation 22 through the working fluid.

[0033] In detail, the first power system 1 can be a power system that uses a hydrogen internal combustion engine 112 as a power source and outputs mechanical energy by burning hydrogen. The coolant circulation system 12 is used to cool the hydrogen internal combustion engine 112. It should be noted that the coolant circulation system 12 forms a system for the circulation of coolant. The coolant in the coolant circulation system 12 absorbs heat from the hydrogen internal combustion engine 112 to cool it, thus causing the coolant to heat up.

[0034] The electric system 21 of the second power system 2 can convert electrical energy provided by the battery 211 or the generator 3212 into mechanical energy. To ensure the normal operation of the electric system 21, either the cold carrier cycle 22 or the hot carrier cycle 23 needs to be selectively executed to maintain the temperature of the electric system 21 within a preset range. The preset range is the temperature range within which the electric system 21 can operate normally, and is specifically determined according to the type of electric system 21. It is understood that in summer, the cold carrier cycle 22 is generally selected for cooling; and in winter, the hot carrier cycle 23 is generally selected for heating.

[0035] It should be noted that the first working system 3 forms a system for the circulation of the working fluid. The second working system 4 also forms a system for the circulation of the working fluid. The first working system 3 and the second working system 4 are partially parallel and partially overlap. The working fluid in the first working system 3 exchanges heat with the coolant in the coolant circulation system 12, that is, it absorbs the heat energy of the coolant in the coolant circulation system 12. Subsequently, the first working system 3 can convert the absorbed heat energy into electrical energy to power the electric system 21, and / or store the absorbed heat energy or use the absorbed heat energy to heat the heat carrier circulation 23. In this way, the first working system 3 can be controlled to convert the absorbed heat energy into electrical energy to power the electric system 21 to meet the power supply requirements, or it can be controlled to store the absorbed heat energy to meet the heat storage requirements, or it can be controlled to use the absorbed heat energy to heat the heat carrier circulation 23 to meet the heating requirements.

[0036] The second working system 4 cools the cold carrier cycle 22 by absorbing heat from the cold carrier cycle 22 through the working fluid. In this way, the temperature of the cold carrier in the cold carrier cycle 22 can be reduced, making it easier for the cold carrier cycle 22 to cool the electric system 21, so that the electric system 21 is cooled down to a preset range to meet the cooling requirements.

[0037] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the first working system 3 can absorb heat energy from the coolant circulation system 12 using a working fluid. Depending on actual needs, the first working system 3 can be controlled to meet at least one of power supply, heat storage, and heating requirements. The second working system 4 can also absorb heat from the cold carrier circulation 22 using a working fluid to cool the cold carrier circulation 22, thus meeting cooling requirements, thereby achieving a high degree of integration of power supply, heat storage, heating, and cooling functions. By selecting the required functions according to actual needs, it can adapt to the cooling / heating management and power supply requirements under different seasons and operating conditions.

[0038] Furthermore, the working fluid circulation system, together with the first power system 1 and the second power system 2, forms a composite circulation system. The working fluid circulation system can convert the thermal energy of the first power system 1 into electrical energy and supply power to the second power system 2, reducing thermal energy waste and achieving thermal energy recovery and utilization. The working fluid circulation system can also provide heating or cooling to the second power system 2, maintaining its normal operation. Energy can be utilized in a cascaded manner and synergistically, achieving the effect of complementary energy utilization.

[0039] In one exemplary embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1 As shown, the first working system 3 includes a storage tank 8 and a working fluid pump 9. The storage tank 8 is used to store the working fluid. The working fluid pump 9 is used to pressurize and transport the working fluid.

[0040] In one exemplary embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1 As shown, the first working system 3 forms a cycle through the flow of the working fluid. The first working system 3 includes a first heat exchange mechanism 31, a working mechanism 32, and a second heat exchange mechanism 33. The first heat exchange mechanism 31 absorbs the heat energy of the coolant circulation system 12 through the working fluid. The working mechanism 32 absorbs the heat energy of the working fluid from the first heat exchange mechanism 31 and converts the absorbed heat energy into electrical energy to power the electric system 21, and / or stores the absorbed heat energy or uses the absorbed heat energy to heat the heat carrier circulation 23. The second heat exchange mechanism 33 cools the working fluid from the working mechanism 32 and transports the working fluid to the first heat exchange mechanism 31 to form a cycle.

[0041] In detail, the working fluid supplied by the working fluid pump 9 in the first heat exchange mechanism 31 absorbs the heat energy of the coolant in the coolant circulation system 12. The working mechanism 32 includes, but is not limited to, a control valve controlling the absorption of heat energy from the working fluid in the first heat exchange mechanism 31 and converting it into electrical energy to power the electric system 21, and / or storing the absorbed heat energy or using the absorbed heat energy to heat the heat carrier circulation 23. In this way, it can be controlled according to actual needs to realize the functions of power supply, heat storage, and heat supply.

[0042] In one exemplary embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1As shown, the hydrogen internal combustion engine system 11 includes a hydrogen storage device 111 and a hydrogen internal combustion engine 112. The hydrogen storage device 111 stores hydrogen and exchanges heat with a second heat exchange mechanism 33 to cool the working fluid of the first working system 3 and / or the second working system 4. The hydrogen internal combustion engine 112 burns hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device 111 to convert it into mechanical energy, and a coolant circulation system 12 cools the hydrogen internal combustion engine 112.

[0043] It should be noted that the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device 111 is at a low temperature. The second heat exchange mechanism 33 receives hydrogen from the storage device to absorb heat from the working medium supplied to the second heat exchange mechanism 33, that is, to absorb heat from the working medium of the first working system 3 and / or the second working system 4. In this way, the hydrogen can be preheated while the working medium of the first working system 3 and / or the second working system 4 is cooled.

[0044] The hydrogen internal combustion engine 112 burns hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device 111 to convert it into mechanical energy. The coolant circulation system 12 cools the hydrogen internal combustion engine 112.

[0045] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the working fluid of the first heat exchange mechanism 31 exchanges heat with the coolant of the coolant circulation system 12, achieving both cooling of the coolant and heating of the working fluid. This facilitates the absorption of heat energy from the working fluid by the working mechanism 32, enabling at least one of the functions of power supply, heat storage, and heating. The working fluid of the second heat exchange mechanism 33 exchanges heat with the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 111, achieving both preheating of the hydrogen and further cooling of the working fluid. Thus, the first heat exchange mechanism 31, the working mechanism 32, the second heat exchange mechanism 33, the storage tank 8, and the working fluid pump 9 form a first working system 3 for the circulation of the working fluid.

[0046] In one exemplary embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1 As shown, the working fluid circulation system also includes an air-cooled radiator 7, which is disposed between the working mechanism 32 and the second heat exchange mechanism 33 to further cool the working fluid from the working mechanism 32, thereby further reducing the temperature of the working fluid delivered to the second heat exchange mechanism 33 and improving the heat exchange capacity of the second heat exchange mechanism 33.

[0047] In one exemplary embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1 As shown, the working fluid circulation system also includes a fifth heat exchange mechanism 5, which receives the working fluid from the first heat exchange mechanism 31 and absorbs heat from the exhaust gas discharged from the hydrogen internal combustion engine 112. In this way, the working fluid in the fifth heat exchange mechanism 5 further absorbs heat from the exhaust gas of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 112, thereby cooling the exhaust gas and reducing thermal pollution caused by heat emissions, thus exhibiting good environmental performance. Simultaneously, the heat from the exhaust gas heats the working fluid, raising its temperature and facilitating the absorption and utilization of the working fluid's thermal energy by the working mechanism 32.

[0048] In one exemplary embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1 As shown, the working mechanism 32 includes a power generation mechanism 321, a heat storage mechanism 322, and a first control valve 323. The power generation mechanism 321 absorbs the heat energy of the working fluid from the first heat exchange mechanism 31 and converts the absorbed heat energy into electrical energy to power the electric system 21. The heat storage mechanism 322 is located downstream of the power generation mechanism 321 to absorb the heat energy of the working fluid for heat storage, or to supply heat to the heat carrier circulation 23 by exchanging heat with the heat carrier circulation 23. The first control valve 323 is located downstream of the first heat exchange mechanism 31 to control the delivery of the working fluid to the power generation mechanism 321 and / or the heat storage mechanism 322.

[0049] In detail, the heat storage mechanism 322 can be a phase change material that absorbs or releases heat energy by undergoing a phase change (usually a solid-liquid transition) at a specific temperature, so as to absorb the heat energy of the working fluid and store or release the heat energy.

[0050] In one exemplary embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1 As shown, the working mechanism 32 also includes an expansion valve 324 and a second control valve 35. The expansion valve 324 runs parallel to the power generation mechanism 321. The first control valve 323 can be a three-way valve. The three connecting pipes of the first control valve 323 are respectively connected to the fifth heat exchange mechanism 5, the power generation mechanism 321, and the expansion valve 324 to receive the working fluid from the first control valve 323 and deliver it to the power generation mechanism 321 or the expansion valve 324.

[0051] The second control valve 35 can be a four-way valve. The four connecting pipes of the second control valve 35 are respectively connected to the expansion valve 324, the power generation mechanism 321, the heat storage mechanism 322 and the second working system 4 to receive the working fluid from the expansion valve 324 or the power generation mechanism 321 and deliver it to the heat storage mechanism 322, or receive the working fluid from the second working system 4 and deliver it to the heat storage mechanism 322.

[0052] In one exemplary embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1 As shown, the second working system 4 forms a cycle through the flow of the working fluid. The second working system 4 includes a fourth heat exchange mechanism 41 and a compressor 42. The fourth heat exchange mechanism 41 runs parallel to the first heat exchange mechanism 31 and the power generation mechanism 321, and cools the cold carrier cycle 22 by absorbing heat energy from the cold carrier cycle 22 with the working fluid, so as to transport the heat-absorbing working fluid to the heat storage mechanism 322 for heat storage. The compressor 42 pressurizes the working fluid from the fourth heat exchange mechanism 41 and transports the working fluid to the heat storage mechanism 322.

[0053] In detail, the fourth heat exchange mechanism 41 receives the working fluid from the storage tank 8 to absorb the heat energy of the cold carrier cycle 22, thereby cooling the cold carrier cycle 22. Then, the heat-absorbing working fluid is delivered to the compressor 42. The compressor 42 pressurizes the working fluid from the fourth heat exchange mechanism 41. The second control valve 35 is connected to the compressor 42 to receive the working fluid from the compressor 42. The storage tank 8, the fourth heat exchange mechanism 41, the compressor 42, the second control valve 35, the heat storage mechanism 322, and the second heat exchange mechanism 33 form a second working system 4 for working fluid circulation, which cools the electric system 21 and reduces its temperature to a preset range.

[0054] In such an implementation, the first control valve 323 and the second control valve 35 work together to control the flow of the working fluid within the first working system 3 and / or the second working system 4.

[0055] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 As shown, the combined cooling and power (CCHP) system operates in a combined cooling and power (CCHP) mode. The first control valve 323 is connected to the fifth heat exchange mechanism 5 and the power generation mechanism 321. The second control valve 35 is connected to the power generation mechanism 321, the heat storage mechanism 322, and the compressor 42. In CCHP mode, the working fluid in the storage tank 8 is diverted to the working fluid pump 9 and the fourth heat exchange mechanism 41 for circulation in the first operating system 3 and the second operating system 4.

[0056] Furthermore, in the combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) mode, in the first working system 3, the working fluid flows sequentially through the working fluid pump 9, the first heat exchange mechanism 31, the fifth heat exchange mechanism 5, and the first control valve 323. The first control valve 323 controls the flow of the working fluid to the power generation mechanism 321. Subsequently, the second control valve 35 controls the working fluid delivered by the power generation mechanism 321 to the heat storage mechanism 322. Then, it flows sequentially through the air-cooled radiator 7 and the second heat exchange mechanism 33 back to the liquid storage pipe, forming a working fluid circulation flow. In the first working system 3, the first heat exchange mechanism 31 absorbs heat from the coolant circulation system 12. The fifth heat exchange mechanism 5 absorbs heat from the exhaust gas of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 112 to heat the working fluid. In this way, the power generation mechanism 321 can fully utilize the thermal energy of the working fluid and convert the absorbed thermal energy into electrical energy to supply power to the electric system 21. At the same time, the heat storage device absorbs and stores the thermal energy of the working fluid. In the second working system 4, the fourth heat exchange mechanism 41 absorbs the heat energy of the cold carrier cycle 22, thereby cooling the cold carrier cycle 22 to supply cooling for the electric system 21, reducing the temperature of the electric system 21 to a preset range. In this way, the combined cooling and power supply system achieves a combined cooling and power supply mode, meeting both power and cooling needs to adapt to the cooling demands of summer. The first working system 3 and the second working system 4 can recover the heat energy of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 112 and the cold energy of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 111, reducing heat energy waste and achieving cascade utilization and synergistic effects of heat energy, resulting in complementary energy utilization.

[0057] Reference Figure 3 As shown, the composite circulation system operates in waste heat and waste cooling power generation mode. The first control valve 323 is connected to the fifth heat exchange mechanism 5 and the power generation mechanism 321. The second control valve 35 is only connected to the power generation mechanism 321 and the heat storage mechanism 322. Thus, in the first working system 3, the working fluid in the storage tank 8 flows sequentially through the working fluid pump 9, the first heat exchange mechanism 31, the fifth heat exchange mechanism 5, and the first control valve 323. The first control valve 323 controls the flow of the working fluid to the power generation mechanism 321. Subsequently, the second control valve 35 controls the working fluid delivered by the power generation mechanism 321 to the heat storage mechanism 322. Then, it flows sequentially through the air-cooled radiator 7 and the second heat exchange mechanism 33 back to the storage pipe, forming a working fluid circulation flow.

[0058] In this waste heat and cold power generation mode, the second heat exchange mechanism 33 absorbs the cold energy of hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device 111 to cool the working fluid, thereby improving the working fluid's ability to absorb heat energy in the first heat exchange mechanism 31 and the fifth heat exchange mechanism 5, and thus realizing the recovery of waste heat from hydrogen. Simultaneously, the heat storage device absorbs and stores the heat energy of the working fluid. The first heat exchange mechanism 31 absorbs heat from the coolant circulation system 12. The fifth heat exchange mechanism 5 absorbs heat from the exhaust gas of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 112 to heat the working fluid. Thus, the first working system 3 fully absorbs the waste heat of the first power system 1, reducing heat energy waste, so that the power generation mechanism 321 can fully utilize the heat energy of the working fluid and convert the absorbed heat energy into electrical energy to supply power to the electric system 21.

[0059] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the composite circulation system operates in heat storage mode. The first control valve 323 is connected to the fifth heat exchange mechanism 5 and the expansion valve 324. The second control valve 35 is only connected to the expansion valve 324 and the heat storage mechanism 322. Thus, in the first operating system 3, the working fluid in the storage tank 8 flows sequentially through the working fluid pump 9, the first heat exchange mechanism 31, the fifth heat exchange mechanism 5, and the first control valve 323. The first control valve 323 controls the flow of the working fluid to the expansion valve 324. Subsequently, the second control valve 35 controls the working fluid delivered by the expansion valve 324 to the heat storage mechanism 322. Then, it flows sequentially through the air-cooled radiator 7 and the second heat exchange mechanism 33 back to the storage pipe, forming a working fluid circulation flow.

[0060] Thus, in the heat storage mode, the second heat exchange mechanism 33 absorbs the cold energy of hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device 111, as described above, and will not be repeated here. The first heat exchange mechanism 31 absorbs the heat from the coolant circulation system 12. The fifth heat exchange mechanism 5 absorbs the heat from the exhaust gas of the hydrogen internal combustion engine 112 to heat the working fluid, so that the heat storage mechanism 322 can absorb and store the heat energy of the working fluid, thereby realizing the heat storage function.

[0061] In one exemplary embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 5As shown, the first working system 3 also includes a third heat exchange mechanism 34, which runs parallel to the heat storage mechanism 322, to absorb the heat energy of the working fluid from the power generation mechanism 321 and to supply heat to the heat carrier circulation 23 by exchanging heat with the heat carrier circulation 23.

[0062] In detail, the first working system 3 also includes a third control valve 36, which can be a three-way valve. The third control valve 36 is located between the second control valve 35 and the compressor 42. The three connecting pipes of the third control valve 36 are respectively connected to the second control valve 35, the compressor 42, and the third heat exchange mechanism 34. (Refer to...) Figure 5 As shown, the third control valve 36 controls a portion of the working fluid from the second control valve 35 to flow through the third heat exchange mechanism 34 and be delivered to the distributed cooling radiator. Thus, the working fluid flows in the first circulation loop formed by the storage tank 8, the working fluid pump 9, the first heat exchange mechanism 31, the fifth heat exchange mechanism 5, the first control valve 323, the power generation mechanism 321, the second control valve 35, the heat storage mechanism 322, the air-cooled radiator 7, and the second heat exchange mechanism 33. Simultaneously, at the second control valve 35, a portion of the working fluid is diverted from the first circulation loop to the third control valve 36, then flows to the third heat exchange mechanism 34 and finally to the air-cooled radiator 7, where it merges with the first circulation loop.

[0063] In this implementation, the operating mode is a combined heat and power (CHP) mode. In CHP mode, the first operating system 3 fully absorbs the waste heat from the first power system 1, reducing heat energy waste, so that the power generation mechanism 321 can fully utilize the heat energy of the working fluid and convert the absorbed heat energy into electrical energy to power the electric system 21. Simultaneously, the heat storage device absorbs and stores the heat energy of the working fluid. The third heat exchange mechanism 34 absorbs the heat energy of the working fluid from the power generation mechanism 321 and heats the heat carrier circulation 23 through heat exchange with it. In this way, the heat energy of the first power system 1 can be fully recovered for power generation, heat storage, and heating of the heat carrier circulation 23.

[0064] In one exemplary embodiment, reference is made to Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the power generation mechanism 321 includes an expander 3211 and a generator 3212. The expander 3211 is disposed between the first control valve 323 and the heat storage mechanism 322 to utilize the thermal energy of the working fluid from the first heat exchange mechanism 31 to expand and perform work, converting it into mechanical energy. The generator 3212 is connected to the expander 3211 to convert the mechanical energy of the expander 3211 into electrical energy to power the electric system 21.

[0065] In detail, the expander 3211 can use the expansion of the working fluid under high temperature and high pressure to do work, converting thermal energy into mechanical energy, that is, using the thermal energy of the first heat exchange mechanism 31 to convert it into mechanical energy. The generator 3212 is connected to the expander 3211 and can convert the mechanical energy of the main shaft of the expander 3211 into electrical energy.

[0066] exist Figure 2 Combined cooling and power supply Figure 3 Waste heat and waste cooling power generation mode and Figure 5 In the combined heat and power mode, the first control valve 323 delivers the working fluid flowing through the first heat exchanger 31 of the fifth heat exchanger 5 to the expander 3211, so that the expander 3211 uses the high temperature and high pressure of the working fluid to expand and do work, converting thermal energy into mechanical energy, and then the generator 3212 converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, thereby realizing power generation.

[0067] In one exemplary embodiment, reference is made to Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the compound circulation system includes a fourth control valve 37 and a throttling valve 38. The fourth control valve 37 is located between the storage tank 8 and the working fluid pump 9. The fourth control valve 37 can be a three-way valve, with its three-way pipe connected to the storage tank 8, the working fluid pump 9, and the fourth heat exchange mechanism 41, respectively. Thus, the fourth control valve 37 can control the delivery of the working fluid from the storage tank 8 to the working fluid pump 9 or the fourth heat exchange mechanism 41. The throttling valve 38 is located upstream of the fourth heat exchange mechanism 41 to throttle and expand the working fluid delivered from the storage tank 8 to the fourth heat exchange mechanism 41.

[0068] In one exemplary embodiment, reference is made to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the electric system 21 includes a battery 211, a motor 212, and a cockpit 213. The battery 211 is electrically connected to the power generation mechanism 321, receives and stores the electrical energy supplied by the power generation mechanism 321. The motor 212 is electrically connected to the battery 211, receives the electrical energy from the battery 211, and converts the electrical energy into mechanical energy. In this way, the electric system 21 utilizes the electrical energy of the first operating system 3 to convert it into mechanical energy.

[0069] Understandably, referring to Figure 4 As shown, battery 211 can operate independently. Battery 211 provides electrical energy to motor 212. Motor 212 converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

[0070] In one exemplary embodiment, reference is made to Figures 1 to 5As shown, the compound cycle system also includes a mechanical coupling mechanism 6, which is coupled to the electric system 21 and the hydrogen internal combustion engine system 11 to couple the mechanical energy of the electric system 21 and the hydrogen internal combustion engine system 11. In this way, the mechanical coupling mechanism 6 can couple the mechanical energy of the electric system 21 and the hydrogen internal combustion engine system 11 to integrate the mechanical energy and provide power for motor vehicles such as cars and buses.

[0071] It should be noted that the composite circulation system includes a fifth control valve 24 and a sixth control valve 25. The fifth control valve 24 is located at the inlet of the cold medium circulation 22 and the hot medium circulation 23, and the electric system 21. The sixth control valve 25 is located at the outlet of the cold medium circulation 22 and the hot medium circulation 23, and the electric system 21, to control the delivery of the cold medium from the cold medium circulation 22 to the fourth heat exchange mechanism 41, or to control the delivery of the hot medium from the hot medium circulation 23 to the third heat exchange mechanism 34. The fifth control valve 24 and the sixth control valve 25 work together to selectively execute the cold medium circulation 22 and the hot medium circulation 23, thereby controlling the temperature of the electric system 21 within a preset range.

[0072] Reference Figures 2 to 6 As shown, the battery 211, motor 212, and cockpit 213 form a cold carrier circulation 22 with the fourth heat exchange mechanism 41.

[0073] Specifically, in Figure 6 In this system, through the coordinated action of the second control valve 35 and the third control valve 36, as well as the coordinated action of the fifth control valve 24 and the sixth control valve 25, the liquid storage pipe, the fourth heat exchange mechanism 41, the compressor 42, the third control valve 36, the second control valve 35, the heat storage mechanism 322, the air-cooled radiator 7, and the second heat exchange mechanism 33 form a working fluid circulation loop. The fifth control valve 24, the electric system 21, the sixth control valve 25, and the fourth heat exchange mechanism 41 form a cold carrier circulation 22.

[0074] In this way, the working fluid in the fourth heat exchange mechanism 41 exchanges heat with the cold carrier of the cold carrier cycle 22, that is, the working fluid absorbs the heat from the cold carrier of the cold carrier cycle 22, and then the heat storage mechanism 322 absorbs and stores the heat from the working fluid, thereby achieving heat storage. At the same time, the working fluid cools the cold carrier of the cold carrier cycle 22, thereby supplying cooling to the electric system 21, which is in cooling mode.

[0075] Understandably, in Figure 2 In the process, the working fluid in the fourth heat exchange mechanism 41 exchanges heat with the cold carrier of the cold carrier cycle 22, that is, the working fluid absorbs the heat of the cold carrier of the cold carrier cycle 22 to cool the cold carrier of the cold carrier cycle 22, thereby providing cooling for the electric system 21.

[0076] Reference Figures 5 to 7As shown, the battery 211, motor 212, and cockpit 213 form a heat carrier circulation 23 with the heat storage mechanism 322 or the third heat exchange mechanism 34 respectively.

[0077] Specifically, in Figure 7 In the process, the heat storage mechanism 322 exchanges heat with the heat carrier circulation 23, that is, the heat storage mechanism 322 releases heat to heat the heat carrier of the heat carrier circulation 23, thereby supplying heat to the electric system 21, and is in the heating mode.

[0078] Understandably, in Figure 5 In this configuration, the fifth control valve 24, the electric system 21, the sixth control valve 25, the third heat exchange mechanism 34, and the heat storage mechanism 322 form a heat carrier circulation 23. The third heat exchange mechanism 34 and / or the heat storage mechanism 322 exchange heat with the heat carrier circulation 23 to heat the heat carrier of the heat carrier circulation 23, thereby supplying heat to the electric system 21.

[0079] According to the hydrogen internal combustion engine-based compound circulation system provided in this embodiment, the first working system 3 can absorb the heat energy of the coolant circulation system 12 through the working fluid. Depending on actual needs, the first working system 3 can be controlled to meet at least one of the following: power supply requirements, heat storage requirements, and heating requirements. The second working system 4 can also absorb heat from the cold carrier circulation 22 through the working fluid to cool the cold carrier circulation 22, meeting the cooling requirements, thereby achieving a high degree of integration of power supply, heat storage, heating, and cooling functions. By selecting the required functions according to actual needs, the system can adapt to the cooling / heating management and power supply requirements under different seasons and operating conditions.

[0080] Furthermore, the working fluid circulation system, together with the first power system 1 and the second power system 2, forms a composite circulation system. The working fluid circulation system can convert the thermal energy of the first power system 1 into electrical energy and supply power to the second power system 2, reducing thermal energy waste and achieving thermal energy recovery and utilization. The working fluid circulation system can also provide heating or cooling to the second power system 2, maintaining its normal operation. Energy can be utilized in a cascaded manner and synergistically, achieving the effect of complementary energy utilization.

[0081] The embodiments of this disclosure have been described above. However, these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Although various embodiments have been described above, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. The scope of this disclosure is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Various substitutions and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this disclosure, and all such substitutions and modifications should fall within the scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A compound cycle system based on a hydrogen internal combustion engine, characterized in that, include: The first power system (1) includes a hydrogen internal combustion engine system (11) that converts hydrogen energy into mechanical energy and a coolant circulation system (12) that cools the hydrogen internal combustion engine system (11); The second power system (2) includes an electric system (21) that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, a cold carrier cycle (22) that cools the electric system (21) and a heat carrier cycle (23) that heats the electric system (21). The temperature of the electric system (21) is controlled within a preset range by selectively executing the cold carrier cycle (22) and the heat carrier cycle (23). as well as The working fluid circulation system includes: The first working system (3) absorbs the heat energy of the coolant circulation system (12) through the working fluid and converts the absorbed heat energy into electrical energy to power the electric system (21), and / or stores the absorbed heat energy or uses the absorbed heat energy to heat the heat carrier circulation (23). as well as The second working system (4) runs parallel to the first working system (3) and cools the cold carrier cycle (22) by absorbing the heat of the cold carrier cycle (22) with a working fluid.

2. The composite circulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first working system (3) forms a cycle through the flow of the working fluid and includes: The first heat exchange mechanism (31) absorbs the heat energy of the coolant circulation system (12) through the working fluid; The working mechanism (32) absorbs the heat energy from the working fluid of the first heat exchange mechanism (31) and converts the absorbed heat energy into electrical energy to power the electric system (21), and / or stores the absorbed heat energy or uses the absorbed heat energy to heat the heat carrier circulation (23); and The second heat exchange mechanism (33) cools the working fluid from the working mechanism (32) and transports the working fluid to the first heat exchange mechanism (31) to form a cycle.

3. The composite circulation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The working mechanism (32) includes: The power generation mechanism (321) absorbs the heat energy from the working fluid of the first heat exchange mechanism (31) and converts the absorbed heat energy into electrical energy to power the electric system (21); A heat storage mechanism (322), located downstream of the power generation mechanism (321), is used to absorb the thermal energy of the working fluid for heat storage, or to supply heat to the heat carrier circulation (23) by exchanging heat with the heat carrier circulation (23); and A first control valve (323) is located downstream of the first heat exchange mechanism (31) to control the delivery of the working fluid to the power generation mechanism (321) and / or the heat storage mechanism (322).

4. The composite circulation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power generation mechanism (321) includes: An expander (3211) is disposed between the first control valve (323) and the heat storage mechanism (322) to utilize the thermal energy of the working fluid from the first heat exchange mechanism (31) to expand and perform work, converting it into mechanical energy; and A generator (3212) is connected to the expander (3211) to convert the mechanical energy of the expander (3211) into electrical energy to power the electric system (21).

5. The composite circulation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first working system (3) also includes a third heat exchange mechanism (34), which runs parallel to the heat storage mechanism (322) to absorb the heat energy of the working fluid from the power generation mechanism (321) and circulate heat to the heat carrier by exchanging heat with the heat carrier circulation (23).

6. The composite circulation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second working system (4) forms a cycle through the flow of the working fluid and includes: The fourth heat exchange mechanism (41) runs parallel to the first heat exchange mechanism (31) and the power generation mechanism (321), and cools the cold carrier circulation by absorbing the heat energy of the cold carrier circulation (22) with the working fluid, so as to transport the heat-absorbing working fluid to the heat storage mechanism (322) for heat storage; and The compressor (42) pressurizes the working fluid from the fourth heat exchange mechanism (41) and delivers the working fluid to the heat storage mechanism (322).

7. The composite circulation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hydrogen internal combustion engine system (11) includes: A hydrogen storage device (111) for storing hydrogen and exchanging heat with the second heat exchange mechanism (33) to cool the working fluid of the first working system (3) and / or the second working system (4); and The hydrogen internal combustion engine (112) burns hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device (111) to convert it into mechanical energy, and the coolant circulation system (12) cools the hydrogen internal combustion engine (112).

8. The composite circulation system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The working fluid circulation system further includes a fifth heat exchange mechanism (5), which receives the working fluid from the first heat exchange mechanism (31) and absorbs the heat from the exhaust gas discharged from the hydrogen internal combustion engine (112) to heat the working fluid and deliver it to the working mechanism (32).

9. The composite circulation system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The electric system (21) includes: The battery (211) is electrically connected to the power generation mechanism (321) and stores electrical energy; An electric motor (212), electrically connected to the battery (211) and receiving electrical energy to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy; and Cockpit (213); The battery (211), the motor (212), and the cockpit (213) respectively form the cold carrier circulation (22) with the fourth heat exchange mechanism (41); The battery (211), the motor (212), and the cockpit (213) respectively form the heat carrier circulation (23) with the heat storage mechanism (322) or the third heat exchange mechanism (34).

10. The composite circulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a mechanical coupling mechanism (6) that couples with the electric system (21) and the hydrogen internal combustion engine system (11) to couple the mechanical energy of the electric system (21) and the hydrogen internal combustion engine system (11).

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