Water-retention and disease-prevention type Chinese cabbage seedling culture substrate based on mineral composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a water retention and disease prevention type Chinese cabbage seedling culture substrate based on a mineral composite material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of agricultural seedling culture, the Chinese cabbage seedling culture substrate comprises the following materials: modified zeolite, activated vermiculite, decomposed straw powder, ground phosphate rock, decomposed sheep manure, sepiolite powder, a sodium polyacrylate water retention agent and a functional agent, the modified zeolite, the activated vermiculite, the sepiolite powder and the sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent are added to form a high-efficiency synergistic effect, so that the balance of water retention, fertilizer retention and air permeability of the matrix is realized, stable water and nutrients are continuously supplied to root systems of Chinese cabbage seedlings, and the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer is remarkably improved; the functional agent, the decomposed straw powder and the decomposed sheep manure are added to form an efficient synergistic effect, the absorption efficiency of nutrients in the matrix is improved, meanwhile, functional bacterium metabolites can promote root development, and finally, the synergistic growth promoting effect of sufficient nutrient supply and efficient nutrient absorption is achieved while it is guaranteed that the matrix is free of disease hidden danger.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural seedling technology, and in particular to a water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate based on mineral composite materials and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Seedling substrate refers to the culture medium for plant growth, also known as "nutrient soil" or "cultivation medium." It replaces traditional soil, providing a fixed, breathable, water-retaining, and nutrient-retaining environment for plant roots.

[0003] Excessive focus on water retention in water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrates can easily lead to poor aeration, causing root rot and creating a breeding ground for root diseases. Disease prevention often relies on the addition of chemical agents or beneficial bacteria, but these have limited efficacy, unstable bacterial activity, and unreliable disease control, potentially disrupting the substrate's microecological balance. Nutritionally, adding excessive or unbalanced fast-acting nutrients to promote seedling growth can easily cause excessive seedling growth, decreased stress resistance, or nutrient imbalances and seedling burn. Therefore, this invention provides a water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate based on mineral composite materials and its preparation method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate with good water retention and disease resistance, which is applied to a water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate based on mineral composite materials and its preparation method.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: This invention provides a water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate based on mineral composite materials. The water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate comprises the following components: 30-50 parts modified zeolite, 20-30 parts activated vermiculite, 15-25 parts decomposed straw powder, 5-10 parts phosphate rock powder, 5-7 parts decomposed sheep manure, 3-8 parts sepiolite powder, 0.5-1.5 parts sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent, and 1-2 parts functional agent.

[0006] Sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent is in the form of 1-3mm particles; The phosphate rock powder has a particle size of 200 mesh. Well-rotted sheep manure with a particle size ≤5mm, dry material, and no odor; Further, the preparation of the modified zeolite includes the following steps: adding zeolite to a citric acid solution and soaking for 2 hours, filtering out the citric acid solution, washing the zeolite three times with distilled water, placing the washed zeolite in an oven to dry at a set temperature of 105°C for 2-4 hours to obtain dried zeolite, placing the dried zeolite in a muffle furnace for baking, setting the heating rate to 350°C at a rate of 5°C / min, baking at a constant temperature for 2 hours, turning off the muffle furnace, and allowing the muffle furnace temperature to cool naturally to 40°C to obtain the modified zeolite.

[0007] Furthermore, the particle size of the zeolite is 1-3 mm; The zeolite has a moisture content of ≤5%; The concentration of the citric acid solution is 3%; The mass ratio of the zeolite to the citric acid solution is 1:5-10; The moisture content of the dried zeolite is ≤5%.

[0008] Furthermore, the preparation of the activated vermiculite includes the following steps: adding vermiculite into a reaction vessel and stirring at 50 rpm; spraying the seaweed oligosaccharide solution into the reaction vessel using a sprayer; after spraying, stirring the reaction vessel for 5 minutes; sealing the reaction vessel; setting the temperature to 20-25℃; and letting it stand for 24 hours to obtain activated vermiculite.

[0009] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the seaweed oligosaccharide solution to vermiculite is 1:10; The seaweed oligosaccharide solution is a mixture of seaweed oligosaccharides and distilled water, and the concentration of the seaweed oligosaccharide solution is 5%. The vermiculite has an expansion ratio of ≥8 times and a particle size of 2-4 mm.

[0010] Further, the preparation of the decomposed straw powder includes the following steps: crushing straw using a straw crusher to obtain straw pellets; adding decomposed chicken manure to the straw pellets and stirring to obtain mixed fertilizer; adding EM agent, deionized water, and brown sugar to a reaction vessel and stirring, setting the water bath temperature to 30℃, the rotation speed to 100-200 rpm, and stirring for 30 minutes to obtain activated EM agent; adding the mixed fertilizer, activated EM agent, and deionized water to a horizontal reaction vessel and stirring, with a stirring speed of 50-80 rpm, and stirring for 5-10 minutes to obtain fertilizer; placing the fertilizer in a trough-type compost turner for fermentation, controlling the fermentation temperature at 55-60℃, turning the compost on the second, fourth, and sixth days, fermenting for 7 days, adding quicklime, adjusting the pH to 6.8-7.2, and filtering out coarse fiber impurities using a filter screen to obtain decomposed straw powder.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the straw pellets to the decomposed chicken manure is 1:0.15-0.2; The step involves adding EM bacterial agent, deionized water, and brown sugar into a reaction vessel and stirring. The mass ratio of EM bacterial agent, deionized water, and brown sugar is 1:6.425:0.075. The mass ratio of straw pellets to EM inoculant is 1:0.002; The mixture of fertilizer, activated EM bacteria agent, and deionized water is added to a horizontal reactor and stirred. Deionized water is then added to adjust the moisture content to 60%. The filter screen has a pore size of 5 mm.

[0012] EM agents are one or more of the following: lactic acid bacteria, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, and actinomycetes.

[0013] Furthermore, the preparation of the functional agent includes the following preparation steps: adding sterile water into a reaction vessel, adding Bacillus subtilis powder, Trichoderma powder and mycorrhizal spores and stirring at 100-200 rpm for 5-10 minutes to obtain the functional agent.

[0014] Furthermore, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis powder, Trichoderma powder, mycorrhizal spores, and sterile water is 2:1:1:500; Functional agent with ≥10 live bacteria count 8 CFU / g.

[0015] Secondly, this invention also provides a method for preparing a water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate, comprising the following preparation steps: adding modified zeolite, well-rotted sheep manure, activated vermiculite, and well-rotted straw powder into a horizontal mixer and stirring at 20 rpm for 5 minutes; adding phosphate rock powder and sepiolite powder and stirring at 20 rpm for 5 minutes; adding sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent and stirring at 20 rpm for 3 minutes; turning on the horizontal mixing tank and stirring at 15-25 rpm; and using a bacterial liquid atomizing nozzle to spray the functional agent... The mixture is sprayed into a horizontal reactor in three stages, with stirring for 1 minute after each spray and 2 minutes after all spraying is completed. Calcium carbonate is added to adjust the pH to 6.2-6.8 to obtain a mixed substrate. The mixed substrate is piled into a trapezoidal pile with a base width of 1.5m, a top width of 0.8m, and a height of 1m. The pile is completely covered with a permeable cloth, and the pile temperature is controlled at 25℃. It is left to stand for 7 days to obtain an aged substrate. The aged substrate is then placed into the reactor and stirred at 20 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate.

[0016] Calcium carbonate is a dry powder with a particle size of 80 mesh.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. In this invention, modified zeolite, activated vermiculite, sepiolite powder, and sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent are added to form a highly efficient synergistic effect. The porous structure of modified zeolite, activated vermiculite, and sepiolite powder first adsorbs water and dissolved nutrients, while sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent locks in water with a polymer network, constructing an adsorption-lock-slow release water- and fertilizer-retaining chain, effectively reducing water evaporation and nutrient loss, and reducing the frequency of watering during the seedling stage. On the other hand, sepiolite powder fills the gaps to avoid excessive water loss caused by too many large pores, while the particle structure of modified zeolite and activated vermiculite ensures the permeability of the substrate, preventing root hypoxia caused by excessive water retention. Ultimately, a balance is achieved between the substrate's water retention, fertilizer retention capacity, and permeability, continuously supplying stable water and nutrients to the roots of Chinese cabbage seedlings, and significantly improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0018] 2. In this invention, the addition of functional agents, decomposed straw powder, and decomposed sheep manure creates a highly efficient synergistic effect. The decomposed straw powder, after thorough fermentation, kills pathogens and insect eggs, while the decomposed sheep manure poses no risk of root burn. Both purify the substrate environment from the source, reducing the basis for disease growth. Furthermore, the presence of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma in the functional agents forms a dominant microbial community within the substrate, further inhibiting the colonization and reproduction of pathogens commonly found in Chinese cabbage seedlings, such as damping-off and seedling blight. This achieves both source-level harmlessness and live bacteria inhibition. Disease prevention effect; well-rotted straw powder can also provide long-lasting organic matter, and well-rotted sheep manure can provide rich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. The release of the two is slow and the nutrients are complementary, providing a stable supply of nutrition for seedlings. The mycorrhizal spores in the functional agent can form a symbiotic relationship with the seedling roots, expand the root absorption area, and enhance the absorption efficiency of nutrients in the substrate. At the same time, the metabolites of functional bacteria can promote root development. Ultimately, while ensuring that the substrate is free from disease risks, it can achieve a synergistic growth-promoting effect of sufficient nutrient supply and efficient nutrient absorption.

[0019] 3. In this invention, the addition of phosphate rock powder, decomposed straw powder, and modified zeolite works synergistically. On the one hand, the slow-release phosphorus from the phosphate rock powder and the long-lasting organic matter and trace elements from the decomposed straw powder complement each other, providing a sustainable supply of diverse nutrients for Chinese cabbage seedlings during the seedling stage and avoiding imbalances in the supply of a single nutrient. On the other hand, the porous structure of the modified zeolite can adsorb the dissolved nutrients released by both, reducing nutrient loss and constructing a release-adsorption-slow release fertilizer retention cycle, significantly improving nutrient utilization efficiency. At the same time, the granular skeleton of the modified zeolite, combined with the loose characteristics of the decomposed straw powder, can optimize the physical structure of the substrate, prevent substrate compaction, and ensure the aeration required for root respiration. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that all raw materials used in the following experiments are commercially available.

[0022] Example 1: A water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate based on mineral composite materials, wherein the water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate comprises the following components: 30 parts modified zeolite, 20 parts activated vermiculite, 15 parts decomposed straw powder, 5 parts phosphate rock powder, 5 parts decomposed sheep manure, 3 parts sepiolite powder, 0.5 parts sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent, and 1 part functional agent.

[0023] Sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent is in the form of 1-3mm particles; The phosphate rock powder has a particle size of 200 mesh. Well-rotted sheep manure with a particle size ≤5mm, dry material, and no odor; Further, the preparation of the modified zeolite includes the following steps: adding zeolite to a citric acid solution and soaking for 2 hours, filtering out the citric acid solution, washing the zeolite three times with distilled water, placing the washed zeolite in an oven to dry at a set temperature of 105°C for 2-4 hours to obtain dried zeolite, placing the dried zeolite in a muffle furnace for baking, setting the heating rate to 350°C at a rate of 5°C / min, baking at a constant temperature for 2 hours, turning off the muffle furnace, and allowing the muffle furnace temperature to cool naturally to 40°C to obtain the modified zeolite.

[0024] Furthermore, the particle size of the zeolite is 1-3 mm; The zeolite has a moisture content of ≤5%; The concentration of the citric acid solution is 3%; The mass ratio of the zeolite to the citric acid solution is 1:5-10; The moisture content of the dried zeolite is ≤5%.

[0025] Furthermore, the preparation of the activated vermiculite includes the following steps: adding vermiculite into a reaction vessel and stirring at 50 rpm; spraying the seaweed oligosaccharide solution into the reaction vessel using a sprayer; after spraying, stirring the reaction vessel for 5 minutes; sealing the reaction vessel; setting the temperature to 20-25℃; and letting it stand for 24 hours to obtain activated vermiculite.

[0026] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the seaweed oligosaccharide solution to vermiculite is 1:10; The seaweed oligosaccharide solution is a mixture of seaweed oligosaccharides and distilled water, and the concentration of the seaweed oligosaccharide solution is 5%. The vermiculite has an expansion ratio of ≥8 times and a particle size of 2-4 mm.

[0027] Further, the preparation of the decomposed straw powder includes the following steps: crushing straw using a straw crusher to obtain straw pellets; adding decomposed chicken manure to the straw pellets and stirring to obtain mixed fertilizer; adding EM agent, deionized water, and brown sugar to a reaction vessel and stirring, setting the water bath temperature to 30℃, the rotation speed to 100-200 rpm, and stirring for 30 minutes to obtain activated EM agent; adding the mixed fertilizer, activated EM agent, and deionized water to a horizontal reaction vessel and stirring, with a stirring speed of 50-80 rpm, and stirring for 5-10 minutes to obtain fertilizer; placing the fertilizer in a trough-type compost turner for fermentation, controlling the fermentation temperature at 55-60℃, turning the compost on the second, fourth, and sixth days, fermenting for 7 days, adding quicklime, adjusting the pH to 6.8-7.2, and filtering out coarse fiber impurities using a filter screen to obtain decomposed straw powder.

[0028] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the straw pellets to the decomposed chicken manure is 1:0.15-0.2; The step involves adding EM bacterial agent, deionized water, and brown sugar into a reaction vessel and stirring. The mass ratio of EM bacterial agent, deionized water, and brown sugar is 1:6.425:0.075. The mass ratio of straw pellets to EM inoculant is 1:0.002; The mixture of fertilizer, activated EM bacteria agent, and deionized water is added to a horizontal reactor and stirred. Deionized water is then added to adjust the moisture content to 60%. The filter screen has a pore size of 5 mm.

[0029] Furthermore, the preparation of the functional agent includes the following preparation steps: adding sterile water into a reaction vessel, adding Bacillus subtilis powder, Trichoderma powder and mycorrhizal spores and stirring at 100-200 rpm for 5-10 minutes to obtain the functional agent.

[0030] Furthermore, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis powder, Trichoderma powder, mycorrhizal spores, and sterile water is 2:1:1:500; Functional agent with ≥10 live bacteria count 8 CFU / g.

[0031] Secondly, this invention also provides a method for preparing a water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate, comprising the following preparation steps: adding modified zeolite, well-rotted sheep manure, activated vermiculite, and well-rotted straw powder into a horizontal mixer and stirring at 20 rpm for 5 minutes; adding phosphate rock powder and sepiolite powder and stirring at 20 rpm for 5 minutes; adding sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent and stirring at 20 rpm for 3 minutes; turning on the horizontal mixing tank and stirring at 15-25 rpm; and using a bacterial liquid atomizing nozzle to spray the functional agent... The mixture is sprayed into a horizontal reactor in three stages, with stirring for 1 minute after each spray and 2 minutes after all spraying is completed. Calcium carbonate is added to adjust the pH to 6.2-6.8 to obtain a mixed substrate. The mixed substrate is piled into a trapezoidal pile with a base width of 1.5m, a top width of 0.8m, and a height of 1m. The pile is completely covered with a permeable cloth, and the pile temperature is controlled at 25℃. It is left to stand for 7 days to obtain an aged substrate. The aged substrate is then placed into the reactor and stirred at 20 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate.

[0032] Example 2: A water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate based on mineral composite materials, wherein the water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate comprises the following components: 40 parts modified zeolite, 25 parts activated vermiculite, 20 parts decomposed straw powder, 7.5 parts phosphate rock powder, 6 parts decomposed sheep manure, 5.5 parts sepiolite powder, 1 part sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent, and 1.5 parts functional agent.

[0033] Sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent is in the form of 1-3mm particles; The phosphate rock powder has a particle size of 200 mesh. Well-rotted sheep manure with a particle size ≤5mm, dry material, and no odor; Further, the preparation of the modified zeolite includes the following steps: adding zeolite to a citric acid solution and soaking for 2 hours, filtering out the citric acid solution, washing the zeolite three times with distilled water, placing the washed zeolite in an oven to dry at a set temperature of 105°C for 2-4 hours to obtain dried zeolite, placing the dried zeolite in a muffle furnace for baking, setting the heating rate to 350°C at a rate of 5°C / min, baking at a constant temperature for 2 hours, turning off the muffle furnace, and allowing the muffle furnace temperature to cool naturally to 40°C to obtain the modified zeolite.

[0034] Furthermore, the particle size of the zeolite is 1-3 mm; The zeolite has a moisture content of ≤5%; The concentration of the citric acid solution is 3%; The mass ratio of the zeolite to the citric acid solution is 1:5-10; The moisture content of the dried zeolite is ≤5%.

[0035] Furthermore, the preparation of the activated vermiculite includes the following steps: adding vermiculite into a reaction vessel and stirring at 50 rpm; spraying the seaweed oligosaccharide solution into the reaction vessel using a sprayer; after spraying, stirring the reaction vessel for 5 minutes; sealing the reaction vessel; setting the temperature to 20-25℃; and letting it stand for 24 hours to obtain activated vermiculite.

[0036] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the seaweed oligosaccharide solution to vermiculite is 1:10; The seaweed oligosaccharide solution is a mixture of seaweed oligosaccharides and distilled water, and the concentration of the seaweed oligosaccharide solution is 5%. The vermiculite has an expansion ratio of ≥8 times and a particle size of 2-4 mm.

[0037] Further, the preparation of the decomposed straw powder includes the following steps: crushing straw using a straw crusher to obtain straw pellets; adding decomposed chicken manure to the straw pellets and stirring to obtain mixed fertilizer; adding EM agent, deionized water, and brown sugar to a reaction vessel and stirring, setting the water bath temperature to 30℃, the rotation speed to 100-200 rpm, and stirring for 30 minutes to obtain activated EM agent; adding the mixed fertilizer, activated EM agent, and deionized water to a horizontal reaction vessel and stirring, with a stirring speed of 50-80 rpm, and stirring for 5-10 minutes to obtain fertilizer; placing the fertilizer in a trough-type compost turner for fermentation, controlling the fermentation temperature at 55-60℃, turning the compost on the second, fourth, and sixth days, fermenting for 7 days, adding quicklime, adjusting the pH to 6.8-7.2, and filtering out coarse fiber impurities using a filter screen to obtain decomposed straw powder.

[0038] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the straw pellets to the decomposed chicken manure is 1:0.15-0.2; The step involves adding EM bacterial agent, deionized water, and brown sugar into a reaction vessel and stirring. The mass ratio of EM bacterial agent, deionized water, and brown sugar is 1:6.425:0.075. The mass ratio of straw pellets to EM inoculant is 1:0.002; The mixture of fertilizer, activated EM bacteria agent, and deionized water is added to a horizontal reactor and stirred. Deionized water is then added to adjust the moisture content to 60%. The filter screen has a pore size of 5 mm.

[0039] Furthermore, the preparation of the functional agent includes the following preparation steps: adding sterile water into a reaction vessel, adding Bacillus subtilis powder, Trichoderma powder and mycorrhizal spores and stirring at 100-200 rpm for 5-10 minutes to obtain the functional agent.

[0040] Furthermore, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis powder, Trichoderma powder, mycorrhizal spores, and sterile water is 2:1:1:500; Functional agent with ≥10 live bacteria count 8CFU / g.

[0041] Secondly, this invention also provides a method for preparing a water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate, comprising the following preparation steps: adding modified zeolite, well-rotted sheep manure, activated vermiculite, and well-rotted straw powder into a horizontal mixer and stirring at 20 rpm for 5 minutes; adding phosphate rock powder and sepiolite powder and stirring at 20 rpm for 5 minutes; adding sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent and stirring at 20 rpm for 3 minutes; turning on the horizontal mixing tank and stirring at 15-25 rpm; and using a bacterial liquid atomizing nozzle to spray the functional agent... The mixture is sprayed into a horizontal reactor in three stages, with stirring for 1 minute after each spray and 2 minutes after all spraying is completed. Calcium carbonate is added to adjust the pH to 6.2-6.8 to obtain a mixed substrate. The mixed substrate is piled into a trapezoidal pile with a base width of 1.5m, a top width of 0.8m, and a height of 1m. The pile is completely covered with a permeable cloth, and the pile temperature is controlled at 25℃. It is left to stand for 7 days to obtain an aged substrate. The aged substrate is then placed into the reactor and stirred at 20 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate.

[0042] Example 3: A water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate based on mineral composite materials, wherein the water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate comprises the following components: 50 parts modified zeolite, 30 parts activated vermiculite, 25 parts decomposed straw powder, 10 parts phosphate rock powder, 7 parts decomposed sheep manure, 8 parts sepiolite powder, 1.5 parts sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent, and 2 parts functional agent.

[0043] Sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent is in the form of 1-3mm particles; The phosphate rock powder has a particle size of 200 mesh. Well-rotted sheep manure with a particle size ≤5mm, dry material, and no odor; Further, the preparation of the modified zeolite includes the following steps: adding zeolite to a citric acid solution and soaking for 2 hours, filtering out the citric acid solution, washing the zeolite three times with distilled water, placing the washed zeolite in an oven to dry at a set temperature of 105°C for 2-4 hours to obtain dried zeolite, placing the dried zeolite in a muffle furnace for baking, setting the heating rate to 350°C at a rate of 5°C / min, baking at a constant temperature for 2 hours, turning off the muffle furnace, and allowing the muffle furnace temperature to cool naturally to 40°C to obtain the modified zeolite.

[0044] Furthermore, the particle size of the zeolite is 1-3 mm; The zeolite has a moisture content of ≤5%; The concentration of the citric acid solution is 3%; The mass ratio of the zeolite to the citric acid solution is 1:5-10; The moisture content of the dried zeolite is ≤5%.

[0045] Furthermore, the preparation of the activated vermiculite includes the following steps: adding vermiculite into a reaction vessel and stirring at 50 rpm; spraying the seaweed oligosaccharide solution into the reaction vessel using a sprayer; after spraying, stirring the reaction vessel for 5 minutes; sealing the reaction vessel; setting the temperature to 20-25℃; and letting it stand for 24 hours to obtain activated vermiculite.

[0046] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the seaweed oligosaccharide solution to vermiculite is 1:10; The seaweed oligosaccharide solution is a mixture of seaweed oligosaccharides and distilled water, and the concentration of the seaweed oligosaccharide solution is 5%. The vermiculite has an expansion ratio of ≥8 times and a particle size of 2-4 mm.

[0047] Further, the preparation of the decomposed straw powder includes the following steps: crushing straw using a straw crusher to obtain straw pellets; adding decomposed chicken manure to the straw pellets and stirring to obtain mixed fertilizer; adding EM agent, deionized water, and brown sugar to a reaction vessel and stirring, setting the water bath temperature to 30℃, the rotation speed to 100-200 rpm, and stirring for 30 minutes to obtain activated EM agent; adding the mixed fertilizer, activated EM agent, and deionized water to a horizontal reaction vessel and stirring, with a stirring speed of 50-80 rpm, and stirring for 5-10 minutes to obtain fertilizer; placing the fertilizer in a trough-type compost turner for fermentation, controlling the fermentation temperature at 55-60℃, turning the compost on the second, fourth, and sixth days, fermenting for 7 days, adding quicklime, adjusting the pH to 6.8-7.2, and filtering out coarse fiber impurities using a filter screen to obtain decomposed straw powder.

[0048] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the straw pellets to the decomposed chicken manure is 1:0.15-0.2; The step involves adding EM bacterial agent, deionized water, and brown sugar into a reaction vessel and stirring. The mass ratio of EM bacterial agent, deionized water, and brown sugar is 1:6.425:0.075. The mass ratio of straw pellets to EM inoculant is 1:0.002; The mixture of fertilizer, activated EM bacteria agent, and deionized water is added to a horizontal reactor and stirred. Deionized water is then added to adjust the moisture content to 60%. The filter screen has a pore size of 5 mm.

[0049] Furthermore, the preparation of the functional agent includes the following preparation steps: adding sterile water into a reaction vessel, adding Bacillus subtilis powder, Trichoderma powder and mycorrhizal spores and stirring at 100-200 rpm for 5-10 minutes to obtain the functional agent.

[0050] Furthermore, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis powder, Trichoderma powder, mycorrhizal spores, and sterile water is 2:1:1:500; Functional agent with ≥10 live bacteria count 8CFU / g.

[0051] Secondly, this invention also provides a method for preparing a water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate, comprising the following preparation steps: adding modified zeolite, well-rotted sheep manure, activated vermiculite, and well-rotted straw powder into a horizontal mixer and stirring at 20 rpm for 5 minutes; adding phosphate rock powder and sepiolite powder and stirring at 20 rpm for 5 minutes; adding sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent and stirring at 20 rpm for 3 minutes; turning on the horizontal mixing tank and stirring at 15-25 rpm; and using a bacterial liquid atomizing nozzle to spray the functional agent... The mixture is sprayed into a horizontal reactor in three stages, with stirring for 1 minute after each spray and 2 minutes after all spraying is completed. Calcium carbonate is added to adjust the pH to 6.2-6.8 to obtain a mixed substrate. The mixed substrate is piled into a trapezoidal pile with a base width of 1.5m, a top width of 0.8m, and a height of 1m. The pile is completely covered with a permeable cloth, and the pile temperature is controlled at 25℃. It is left to stand for 7 days to obtain an aged substrate. The aged substrate is then placed into the reactor and stirred at 20 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain a water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate.

[0052] Comparative Example 1: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that: This comparative example does not contain sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent.

[0053] Comparative Example 2: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that: This comparative example does not contain decomposed straw powder.

[0054] Comparative Example 3 differs from Example 1 in that: This comparative example does not contain any functional agents.

[0055] Performance testing: The water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrates prepared in Examples 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, and 3 were tested.

[0056] Performance testing: The relevant properties of the water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate based on mineral composite materials and its preparation method provided in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested respectively. The test data are recorded in the table below:

[0057] Based on the above data, the following conclusions can be drawn: The water retention rates of Examples 1-3 are far superior to those of Comparative Examples 1-3. The key point is that the examples, by adding sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent, can quickly absorb and lock in water due to its high molecular water absorption properties, and can slowly release water during drought, effectively maintaining the water retention rate of the substrate.

[0058] (2) The organic matter content of Examples 1-3 is far superior to that of Comparative Examples 1-3. The core point is that the organic matter content of Examples 1-3 after adding decomposed straw powder and fermenting it with EM bacteria can provide a long-term supply of organic matter for Chinese cabbage seedlings. At the same time, it can maintain the fertility of the substrate during the seedling period in conjunction with other components of the substrate to meet the seedling growth requirements for organic matter.

[0059] (3) The pathogen content (Ralstonia solanacearum) in Examples 1-3 is far superior to that in Comparative Examples 1-3. The key point is that the Examples added functional agents such as Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma to inhibit the reproduction of pathogens such as Ralstonia solanacearum, thereby reducing the content of Ralstonia solanacearum in the substrate and reducing the harm of Ralstonia solanacearum to Chinese cabbage seedlings.

[0060] Through the above demonstrations, the water retention rate, organic matter content, and pathogen content (Ralstonia solanacearum) of the present invention are significantly better than those of the control group, thus verifying the advanced nature and rationality of the preparation process.

[0061] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0062] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate based on mineral composite materials, characterized in that, The water-retaining and disease-preventing Chinese cabbage seedling substrate comprises the following component materials: 30-50 parts of modified zeolite, 20-30 parts of activated vermiculite, 15-25 parts of rotten straw powder, 5-10 parts of phosphate rock powder, 5-7 parts of rotten sheep manure, 3-8 parts of meerschaum powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent and 1-2 parts of functional agent.

2. The water-retentive disease-preventive Chinese cabbage seedling substrate according to claim 1, characterized by, The preparation of the modified zeolite comprises the following steps: The zeolite is added into a citric acid solution, soaked for 2 hours, the citric acid solution is filtered out, the zeolite is washed with distilled water for 3 times, the washed zeolite is placed into an oven for drying, the temperature is set to 105 DEG C, and the zeolite is dried for 2-4 hours, the dried zeolite is placed into a muffle furnace for baking, the temperature is set to 350 DEG C at a temperature rising rate of 5 DEG C / min, and the zeolite is baked for 2 hours, the muffle furnace is turned off, and the temperature of the muffle furnace is naturally cooled to 40 DEG C, and the modified zeolite is prepared.

3. The water-retentive disease-preventive Chinese cabbage seedling substrate according to claim 2, characterized by, The particle size of the zeolite is 1-3 mm; The water content of the zeolite is less than or equal to 5%; The concentration of the citric acid solution is 3%; The mass ratio of the zeolite and the citric acid solution is 1:5-10; The water content of the dried zeolite is less than or equal to 5%.

4. The water-retentive disease-preventive Chinese cabbage seedling substrate according to claim 1, characterized by, The preparation of the activated vermiculite comprises the following steps: The vermiculite is added into a reaction kettle and stirred, the speed is 50 rpm, an alginate oligosaccharide solution is sprayed in the reaction kettle by using a sprayer, after the spraying is completed, the reaction kettle is stirred for 5 minutes, the reaction kettle is sealed, the temperature is set to 20-25 DEG C, and the vermiculite is prepared by standing for 24 hours.

5. The water-retentive disease-preventive Chinese cabbage seedling substrate according to claim 4, characterized by, The mass ratio of the alginate oligosaccharide solution and the vermiculite is 1:10; The alginate oligosaccharide solution is a mixture of alginate oligosaccharide and distilled water, and the concentration of the alginate oligosaccharide solution is 5%; The vermiculite has an expansion multiple of more than or equal to 8 times, and the particle size is 2-4 mm.

6. The water-retentive disease-preventable Chinese cabbage seedling substrate according to claim 1, characterized by, The preparation of the rotten straw powder comprises the following steps: the straw is crushed by using a straw crusher to prepare straw particles, the rotten chicken manure is added into the straw particles and stirred to prepare a mixed fertilizer; the EM bacterial agent, deionized water and brown sugar are added into a reaction kettle and stirred, the water bath temperature is set to 30 DEG C, the stirring speed is 100-200 rpm, and the activated EM bacterial agent is prepared by stirring for 30 minutes; the mixed fertilizer, the activated EM bacterial agent and deionized water are added into a horizontal reaction kettle and stirred, the stirring speed is 50-80 rpm, and the fertilizer is prepared by stirring for 5-10 minutes; the fertilizer is placed into a tank-type turning machine for fermentation, the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 55-60 DEG C, the fertilizer is turned on the second day, the fourth day and the sixth day, the fermentation is carried out for 7 days, the quicklime is added, the pH value is adjusted to be 6.8-7.2, the coarse fiber impurities are filtered out by using a filter screen, and the rotten straw powder is prepared.

7. The water-retentive disease-preventive Chinese cabbage seedling substrate according to claim 6, characterized by, The mass ratio of the straw particles and the rotten chicken manure is 1:0.15-0.2; The mass ratio of the EM bacterial agent, deionized water and brown sugar added into the reaction kettle and stirred is 1:6.425:0.075; The mass ratio of the straw particles and the EM bacterial agent is 1:0.002; The deionized water is added into the horizontal reaction kettle to adjust the water content to be 60%; The pore size of the filter screen is 5 mm.

8. The water-retentive disease-preventable Chinese cabbage seedling substrate according to claim 1, characterized by, The preparation of the functional agent comprises the following steps: adding sterile water into a reaction kettle, adding Bacillus subtilis powder, Trichoderma spore powder and mycorrhizal spores, stirring at a speed of 100-200 rpm for 5-10 minutes to obtain the functional agent.

9. The water-retentive disease-preventive Chinese cabbage seedling substrate according to claim 8, characterized by, The mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis powder, Trichoderma spore powder, mycorrhizal spores and sterile water is 2:1:1:

500.

10. The method for preparing the water-retaining and disease-resistant Chinese cabbage seedling substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation comprises the following steps: adding modified zeolite, decomposed sheep manure, activated vermiculite and decomposed straw powder into a horizontal stirrer and stirring at a speed of 20 rpm for 5 minutes, adding phosphate rock powder and sepiolite powder and stirring at a speed of 20 rpm for 5 minutes, adding polyacrylic acid sodium water-retaining agent and stirring at a speed of 20 rpm for 3 minutes, starting the horizontal stirring kettle and stirring at a speed of 15-25 rpm, spraying the functional agent into the horizontal reaction kettle using a bacteria liquid atomizing nozzle, spraying three times, stirring for 1 minute after each spraying, stirring for 2 minutes after all spraying, adding calcium carbonate and adjusting the pH to 6.2-6.8 to obtain the mixed substrate, stacking the mixed substrate into a trapezoidal pile with a bottom width of 1.5 m, a top width of 0.8 m and a height of 1 m, completely covering the pile with a moisture-permeable cloth, controlling the pile temperature at 25°C, and standing for 7 days to obtain the aging substrate, placing the aging substrate into a reaction kettle and stirring at a speed of 20 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain the water-retaining and disease-preventing Chinese cabbage seedling substrate.

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