Composting fermentation equipment and method for agricultural wastes

Abstract

The invention discloses compost fermentation equipment and method for agricultural wastes, and relates to the technical field of compost fermentation, the compost fermentation equipment comprises a mounting rack, a tank body is mounted at the top of the mounting rack, and a layer-changing movable part is arranged on the inner side of the tank body. According to the automatic feeding device, the layer changing movable part is arranged, the positioning frame drives the rotating disc to rotate through operation of the driver, and the spiral feeding rod rotates relative to the feeding pipe through the synchronous driving unit in the rotating process of the rotating connecting shaft, so that the spiral feeding rod rotates relative to the feeding pipe; at the moment, waste around the notch moves to the position above the rotary disc under the action of the spiral feeding rod and finally penetrates through the annular filter plate to fall into the tank body, so that the waste accumulated at the bottom can move to the position above, longitudinal movement of the waste can be achieved, meanwhile, the situation that materials are deposited at the bottom for a long time to form an anaerobic environment is avoided, and the waste is prevented from being polluted. Materials at the bottom layer enter the aerobic fermentation area again, so that the composting uniformity of the whole pile body is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of composting fermentation technology, specifically to a composting fermentation device and method for agricultural waste. Background Technology

[0002] Agricultural waste refers to waste generated from agricultural production and agricultural product processing, such as straw, plant debris, weeds, fallen leaves, fruit shells, vines, branches, and other waste. Agricultural waste can be fermented to produce biogas and become agricultural organic fertilizer. Through composting and fermentation, a large number of pathogens and parasite eggs in human and animal excrement, plant pests hidden in various straws, and various weed seeds can be killed, thereby obtaining high-quality organic fertilizer.

[0003] During the composting process, the waste needs to be turned over to break the sealed state of the pile and accelerate the release of exhaust gas. However, the rotation of the stirring shaft alone allows the waste to be "displaced" in the horizontal direction, which can lead to problems such as "uneven mixing, oxygen-deficient dead zones, heat loss, and excessive energy consumption". Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a composting and fermentation device and method for agricultural waste in order to solve the problem of inconvenience in accurately and quickly turning and repositioning waste materials.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a composting and fermentation device for agricultural waste, comprising a mounting frame, a tank body mounted on the top of the mounting frame, a feed inlet on one side of the tank body, a rotating plate rotatably connected to the bottom of the tank body via a bearing, a discharge port at the bottom of the rotating plate, an external connecting chamber mounted on the outside of the discharge port, the top of the external connecting chamber rotatably connected to the bottom outside of the tank body via a bearing, a tank cover mounted on the top of the tank body, a driver mounted on the tank cover, a first air pipe and a second air pipe located on both sides of the driver mounted on the top of the tank cover, and a layer-changing movable component mounted on the inner side of the tank body; The layer-changing movable component includes an annular filter plate installed on the inner wall of the tank. A turntable is rotatably connected to the inner side of the annular filter plate via bearings. A positioning frame is installed on the top of the turntable, and the top of the positioning frame is connected to the output end of the driver. A rotating shaft is installed at the bottom of the turntable. An extension shaft extending to the top of the rotating plate is provided at the bottom of the turntable. A feeding pipe penetrating the rotating shaft is installed at the top of the turntable. A stirring rod is installed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft. A synchronous belt is rotatably connected to the inner side of the feeding pipe via bearings. A slot is opened on one side of the feeding pipe located below the rotating shaft. A spiral feeding rod is rotatably connected to the inner side of the feeding pipe via bearings. One end of the spiral feeding rod is connected to the top of the extension shaft. A synchronous drive unit is provided at the bottom end of the extension shaft. A crushing unit is provided at the top of the turntable.

[0006] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the feeding pipe is inclined relative to the rotating coupling, and the center of the turntable is coaxial with the center of the rotating coupling.

[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the synchronous drive unit includes a splicing frame installed at the bottom of the rotating plate. A worm gear is rotatably connected to one side of the splicing frame via a bearing. A worm wheel meshing with the worm gear is provided at the bottom end of the extension shaft. A first transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the inner side of the splicing frame via a bearing. A synchronous pulley is provided at one end of the first transmission shaft. A synchronous belt is provided on the outer side of the synchronous pulley. A second transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the side of the splicing frame away from the worm gear via a bearing. A first transmission bevel gear is provided at both ends of the second transmission shaft. A second transmission bevel gear meshing with the first transmission bevel gear is provided on the outer side of the first transmission shaft. A C-shaped frame located inside the outer connecting compartment is provided on the outer side of the bottom of the tank body. A conical gear ring meshing with the first transmission bevel gear is installed at the bottom end of the C-shaped frame.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention: one end of the worm is also provided with a synchronous pulley, and the worm and the first transmission shaft are connected by a synchronous pulley and a synchronous belt.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention: the center of the conical gear ring is coaxial with the center of the rotating plate.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the crushing unit includes a guide rod installed on the top of the turntable and located on one side of the positioning frame. The top of the turntable is rotatably connected to a reciprocating screw located on one side of the guide rod via a bearing. A transmission spur gear is provided at the top of the reciprocating screw. A slider that is slidably connected to the guide rod is sleeved on the outer side of the reciprocating screw. Movable traction frames are installed on both sides of the slider. A slot is inserted into one end of the movable traction frame. A side plate is installed on the top of the slot. A telescopic spring connected to the side plate and located outside the slot is provided on the top of the movable traction frame. An arc-shaped pressure plate located above the annular filter plate is provided at the bottom of the side plate. A spur gear ring that meshes with the transmission spur gear is installed on the inner wall of the tank.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention, the horizontal height of the feed inlet is less than the horizontal height of the annular filter plate.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention: the maximum distance from the bottom of the arc-shaped pressure plate to the top of the annular filter plate is equal to the length of the reciprocating screw, and the distance from the bottom of the movable traction frame to the top of the annular filter plate is less than the maximum distance from the bottom of the arc-shaped pressure plate to the top of the annular filter plate.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention: the arc of the side of the arc-shaped pressure plate away from the reciprocating screw is equal to the arc of the outer wall of the annular filter plate, and the arc of the side of the arc-shaped pressure plate close to the reciprocating screw is equal to the arc of the inner wall of the annular filter plate.

[0014] This invention also discloses a method for composting agricultural waste, using the aforementioned composting equipment for agricultural waste, comprising the following steps: S1: Pour the crushed waste into the tank through the feed inlet. At this time, the waste will accumulate on the inside of the tank. S2: When turning over the waste, start the drive. The operation of the drive will cause the positioning frame to drive the turntable to rotate. At this time, the stirring rod will stir the waste inside the tank as the rotating shaft rotates. S3: During the rotation of the rotating shaft, the synchronous drive unit makes the screw feeder rotate relative to the feed pipe. At this time, the waste around the slot will move to the top of the turntable under the action of the screw feeder, and finally fall into the tank through the annular filter plate. In this way, the waste accumulated at the bottom can be moved to the top, thus realizing the vertical movement of waste and avoiding the long-term deposition of materials at the bottom to form an anaerobic environment. S4: The waste material falling onto the top of the annular filter plate is crushed by the crushing unit; S5: After fermentation is complete, open the discharge port to discharge the material inside the tank.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. By setting up a layer-changing movable component, the operation of the driver causes the positioning frame to drive the turntable to rotate. At this time, the stirring rod will stir the waste inside the tank as the rotating shaft rotates, thereby increasing the fluidity of the waste inside the tank. This allows the waste inside the tank to fall to one side of the slot under its own gravity. During the rotation of the rotating shaft, the synchronous drive unit causes the screw feed rod to rotate relative to the feed pipe. This causes the screw feed rod to rotate relative to the feed pipe. At this time, the waste around the slot will move to the top of the turntable under the action of the screw feed rod, and finally fall into the tank through the annular filter plate. This allows the waste accumulated at the bottom to move to the top, thus realizing the vertical movement of the waste. At the same time, it avoids the material from settling at the bottom for a long time and forming an anaerobic environment, allowing the bottom material to re-enter the aerobic fermentation zone and improving the uniformity of the entire compost pile. 2. By setting up a crushing unit, when the turntable rotates relative to the annular filter plate, the transmission spur gear will rotate along the inner wall of the spur gear ring. Simultaneously, the arc-shaped pressure plate will rotate synchronously with the movable traction frame, causing the arc-shaped pressure plate to rotate around the center of the annular filter plate. At this time, the reciprocating screw will rotate, causing the slider, limited by the guide rod, to move up and down along the reciprocating screw. When the slider moves downwards, the movable traction frame will drive the side plate downwards via a telescopic spring, thus bringing the arc-shaped pressure plate and the movable traction frame into contact. As the slide moves downwards in sync, the bottom of the arc-shaped pressure plate contacts the top of the annular filter plate, and the slider continues to move downwards. At this time, the movable traction frame will move downwards relative to the side plate, and the telescopic spring will extend. This allows the arc-shaped pressure plate to press down on the clumps of material falling on the top of the annular filter plate, while the side plate squeezes and rubs the clumps of material to break them up. The broken material will then pass through the annular filter plate and fall into the inner side of the tank to accumulate, increasing the air circulation and microbial contact area, increasing the material surface area, allowing microorganisms to fully contact organic matter, and accelerating decomposition efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the tank of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the rotating plate of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the rotating coupling and the feeding pipe of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the turntable according to the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the material crushing unit structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the rotating coupling and the feeding pipe of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Mounting frame; 2. Tank body; 3. Tank lid; 4. Driver; 5. First air pipe; 6. Second air pipe; 7. Feed inlet; 8. External connecting bin; 9. Positioning frame; 10. Turntable; 11. Annular filter plate; 12. Spur gear ring; 13. Rotary coupling; 14. Stirring rod; 15. Rotating plate; 16. C-shaped frame; 17. Discharge port; 18. Conical gear ring; 19. Feeding pipe; 20. Splicing frame; 21. First transmission... 21. Moving bevel gear; 22. First drive shaft; 23. Extension shaft; 24. Worm gear; 25. Synchronous belt; 26. Synchronous pulley; 27. Second drive shaft; 28. Second drive bevel gear; 29. ​​Worm; 30. Arc-shaped pressure plate; 31. Side plate; 32. Reciprocating lead screw; 33. Drive spur gear; 34. Guide rod; 35. Spiral feed rod; 36. Slotted opening; 37. Movable traction frame; 38. Slider; 39. Telescopic spring. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "linked," and "set up" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. The following describes embodiments of the invention based on its overall structure.

[0020] Please see Figures 1-8In this embodiment of the invention, a composting and fermentation device for agricultural waste includes a mounting frame 1, a tank 2 mounted on the top of the mounting frame 1, a feed inlet 7 on one side of the tank 2, a rotating plate 15 rotatably connected to the bottom of the tank 2 via a bearing, a discharge port 17 at the bottom of the rotating plate 15, an external connecting chamber 8 mounted on the outside of the discharge port 17, the top of the external connecting chamber 8 rotatably connected to the bottom outside of the tank 2 via a bearing, a tank cover 3 mounted on the top of the tank 2, a driver 4 mounted on the tank cover 3, a first air pipe 5 and a second air pipe 6 located on both sides of the driver 4 on the top of the tank cover 3, and a layer-changing movable part mounted on the inner side of the tank 2. The layer-changing movable component includes an annular filter plate 11 installed on the inner wall of the tank 2. A turntable 10 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the annular filter plate 11 via bearings. A positioning frame 9 is installed on the top of the turntable 10. The top of the positioning frame 9 is connected to the output end of the driver 4. A rotating shaft 13 is installed at the bottom of the turntable 10. An extension shaft 23 extending to the top of the rotating plate 15 is provided at the bottom of the rotating plate 15. A feed pipe 19 penetrating the rotating shaft 13 is installed at the top of the turntable 10. An agitator 14 is installed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 13. A synchronous belt 25 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the feed pipe 19 via bearings. A slot 36 located below the rotating shaft 13 is opened on one side of the feed pipe 19. A spiral feed rod 35 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the feed pipe 19 via bearings. One end of the spiral feed rod 35 is connected to the top of the extension shaft 23. A synchronous drive unit is provided at the bottom end of the extension shaft 23. A crushing unit is provided at the top of the turntable 10.

[0021] The feeding pipe 19 is inclined relative to the rotating shaft 13, and the center of the turntable 10 is coaxial with the center of the rotating shaft 13.

[0022] In this embodiment: the crushed waste is poured into the tank 2 through the feed inlet 7. The waste will then accumulate inside the tank 2. When the waste is turned over, the driver 4 is activated. The driver 4 causes the positioning frame 9 to rotate the turntable 10. The stirring rod 14, along with the rotating shaft 13, stirs the waste inside the tank 2, increasing its fluidity. This allows the waste to fall to one side of the slotted opening 36 under its own weight. During the rotation of the rotating shaft 13, the synchronous drive unit causes the screw feed rod 35 to rotate relative to the feed pipe 19. This causes the screw feed rod 35 to rotate relative to the feed pipe 19, thus causing the waste around the slotted opening 36 to... Under the action of the spiral feed rod 35, the material moves to the top of the turntable 10 and finally falls into the tank 2 through the annular filter plate 11. This allows the waste accumulated at the bottom to move to the top, thus achieving vertical movement of the waste. At the same time, it prevents the material from being deposited at the bottom for a long time and forming an anaerobic environment, allowing the bottom material to re-enter the aerobic fermentation zone, improving the uniformity of the entire compost pile. Meanwhile, the crushing unit breaks up the waste connected to the top of the annular filter plate 11, thereby increasing the breaking up of agglomerated materials, increasing the aeration and microbial contact area, preventing the agglomerated material from being unable to contact oxygen and microorganisms, which would lead to slow decomposition. This allows microorganisms to fully contact organic matter, accelerating the decomposition efficiency. After fermentation is completed, the discharge port 17 can be opened to discharge the material inside the tank 2.

[0023] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 The synchronous drive unit includes a splicing frame 20 installed at the bottom of the rotating plate 15. A worm gear 29 is rotatably connected to one side of the splicing frame 20 via a bearing. A worm wheel 24 meshing with the worm gear 29 is provided at the bottom end of the extension shaft 23. A first drive shaft 22 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the splicing frame 20 via a bearing. A synchronous wheel 26 is provided at one end of the first drive shaft 22. A synchronous belt 25 is provided on the outer side of the synchronous wheel 26. A second drive shaft 27 is rotatably connected to the side of the splicing frame 20 away from the worm gear 29 via a bearing. A first drive bevel gear 21 is provided at both ends of the second drive shaft 27. A second drive bevel gear 28 meshing with the first drive bevel gear 21 is provided on the outer side of the first drive shaft 22. A C-shaped frame 16 located inside the outer connecting compartment 8 is provided on the outer side of the bottom of the tank body 2. A bevel gear ring 18 meshing with the first drive bevel gear 21 is installed at the bottom end of the C-shaped frame 16.

[0024] One end of the worm gear 29 is also provided with a synchronous pulley 26. The worm gear 29 and the first transmission shaft 22 are connected by the synchronous pulley 26 and the synchronous belt 25. The center of the bevel gear ring 18 is coaxial with the center of the rotating plate 15.

[0025] In this embodiment: when the rotating shaft 13 rotates with the turntable 10, the extension shaft 23 will drive the rotating plate 15 to rotate, thereby causing the rotating plate 15 to rotate relative to the tank 2. During this process, the first transmission bevel gear 21 at one end of the second transmission shaft 27 will rotate along the bevel gear ring 18, thereby causing the second transmission shaft 27 to drive the first transmission shaft 22 to rotate through the first transmission bevel gear 21 and the second transmission bevel gear 28. At this time, the first transmission shaft 22 drives the worm gear 29 to rotate through the synchronous pulley 26 and the synchronous belt 25, thereby causing the worm gear 29 to drive the extension shaft 23 to rotate through the worm wheel 24, thus causing the spiral feed rod 35 to rotate.

[0026] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 The crushing unit includes a guide rod 34 installed on the top of the turntable 10 and located on one side of the positioning frame 9. The top of the turntable 10 is rotatably connected to a reciprocating screw 32 located on one side of the guide rod 34 via a bearing. A transmission spur gear 33 is provided at the top of the reciprocating screw 32. A slider 38 that is slidably connected to the guide rod 34 is sleeved on the outside of the reciprocating screw 32. Movable traction frames 37 are installed on both sides of the slider 38. A slot 36 is inserted into one end of the movable traction frame 37. A side plate 31 is installed on the top of the slot 36. A telescopic spring 39 connected to the side plate 31 and located outside the slot 36 is provided on the top of the movable traction frame 37. An arc-shaped pressure plate 30 located above the annular filter plate 11 is provided at the bottom of the side plate 31. A spur gear ring 12 that meshes with the transmission spur gear 33 is installed on the inner wall of the tank body 2.

[0027] Among them, the horizontal height of the feed inlet 7 is less than the horizontal height of the annular filter plate 11, the maximum distance from the bottom of the arc-shaped pressure plate 30 to the top of the annular filter plate 11 is equal to the length of the reciprocating screw 32, the distance from the bottom of the movable traction frame 37 to the top of the annular filter plate 11 is less than the maximum distance from the bottom of the arc-shaped pressure plate 30 to the top of the annular filter plate 11, the arc of the side of the arc-shaped pressure plate 30 away from the reciprocating screw 32 is equal to the arc of the outer wall of the annular filter plate 11, and the arc of the side of the arc-shaped pressure plate 30 close to the reciprocating screw 32 is equal to the arc of the inner wall of the annular filter plate 11.

[0028] In this embodiment: when the turntable 10 rotates relative to the annular filter plate 11, the transmission spur gear 33 will rotate along the inner wall of the spur gear ring 12. At the same time, the arc-shaped pressure plate 30 will rotate synchronously with the movable traction frame 37, so that the arc-shaped pressure plate 30 rotates around the center of the annular filter plate 11. At this time, the reciprocating screw 32 will rotate, so that the slider 38, which is limited by the guide rod 34, will move up and down along the reciprocating screw 32. When the slider 38 moves down, the movable traction frame 37 will drive the side plate 31 to move down through the telescopic spring 39, so that the arc-shaped pressure plate 30 and the movable traction frame 37 can move down together. The guide frame 37 moves down synchronously. When the bottom of the arc-shaped pressure plate 30 contacts the top of the annular filter plate 11, the slider 38 continues to move down. At this time, the movable traction frame 37 will move down relative to the side plate 31. At the same time, the telescopic spring 39 extends, so that the arc-shaped pressure plate 30 presses the clumps of material falling on the top of the annular filter plate 11 while the side plate 31 squeezes and rubs the clumps of material to break them up. The broken material will then pass through the annular filter plate 11 and fall into the inner side of the tank 2 to accumulate, increasing the ventilation and microbial contact area, increasing the material surface area, allowing microorganisms to fully contact organic matter, and accelerating the decomposition efficiency.

[0029] The following describes a method for composting agricultural waste, based on the aforementioned composting and fermentation equipment, specifically including the following steps: S1: Pour the crushed waste into the tank 2 through the feed inlet 7. At this time, the waste will accumulate inside the tank 2. S2: When turning over the waste, start the driver 4. The operation of the driver 4 causes the positioning frame 9 to drive the turntable 10 to rotate. At this time, the stirring rod 14 will stir the waste inside the tank 2 along with the rotation of the rotating shaft 13. S3: When the rotating shaft 13 rotates with the turntable 10, the extension shaft 23 will drive the rotating plate 15 to rotate, thereby causing the rotating plate 15 to rotate relative to the tank 2. During this process, the first transmission bevel gear 21 at one end of the second transmission shaft 27 will rotate along the bevel gear ring 18, thereby causing the second transmission shaft 27 to drive the first transmission shaft 22 to rotate through the first transmission bevel gear 21 and the second transmission bevel gear 28. At this time, the first transmission shaft 22 drives the worm gear 29 to rotate through the synchronous pulley 26 and the synchronous belt 25, thereby causing the worm gear 29 to rotate through the worm wheel. 24 drives the extension shaft 23 to rotate, which in turn causes the screw feed rod 35 to rotate. This causes the screw feed rod 35 to rotate relative to the feed pipe 19. At this time, the waste around the slot 36 will move to the top of the turntable 10 under the action of the screw feed rod 35, and finally fall into the tank 2 through the annular filter plate 11. This allows the waste accumulated at the bottom to move to the top, thus realizing the vertical movement of the waste. At the same time, it avoids the material from being deposited at the bottom for a long time and forming an anaerobic environment, allowing the bottom material to re-enter the aerobic fermentation zone and improving the uniformity of the entire compost pile. S4: When the turntable 10 rotates relative to the annular filter plate 11, the transmission spur gear 33 will rotate along the inner wall of the spur gear ring 12. At the same time, the arc-shaped pressure plate 30 will rotate synchronously with the movable traction frame 37, causing the arc-shaped pressure plate 30 to rotate around the center of the annular filter plate 11. At this time, the reciprocating screw 32 will rotate, causing the slider 38, which is limited by the guide rod 34, to move up and down along the reciprocating screw 32. When the slider 38 moves down, the movable traction frame 37 will then drive the side plate 31 to move down through the telescopic spring 39, thereby causing the arc-shaped pressure plate 30 to move back and forth with the movable traction frame 37. The frame 37 moves down synchronously. When the bottom of the arc-shaped pressure plate 30 contacts the top of the annular filter plate 11, the slider 38 continues to move down. At this time, the movable traction frame 37 will move down relative to the side plate 31. At the same time, the telescopic spring 39 extends, so that the arc-shaped pressure plate 30 presses the clumps of material falling on the top of the annular filter plate 11 while the side plate 31 squeezes and rubs the clumps of material to break them up. The broken material will then pass through the annular filter plate 11 and fall into the inner side of the tank 2 to accumulate, increasing the ventilation and microbial contact area, increasing the material surface area, allowing microorganisms to fully contact organic matter, and accelerating the decomposition efficiency. S5: After fermentation is complete, open the discharge port 17 to discharge the material inside the tank 2.

[0030] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composting and fermentation device for agricultural waste, comprising a mounting frame (1), characterized in that, The top of the mounting frame (1) is equipped with a tank body (2), and a feed inlet (7) is provided on one side of the tank body (2). The bottom of the tank body (2) is rotatably connected to a rotating plate (15) via a bearing. The bottom of the rotating plate (15) is provided with a discharge port (17). An external connecting chamber (8) is installed on the outside of the discharge port (17). The top of the external connecting chamber (8) is rotatably connected to the bottom outside of the tank body (2) via a bearing. The top of the tank body (2) is equipped with a tank cover (3). A driver (4) is provided on the tank cover (3). The top of the tank cover (3) is provided with a first air pipe (5) and a second air pipe (6) located on both sides of the driver (4). A layer-changing movable part is provided on the inside of the tank body (2). The layer-changing movable component includes an annular filter plate (11) installed on the inner wall of the tank (2). The inner side of the annular filter plate (11) is rotatably connected to a turntable (10) via a bearing. A positioning frame (9) is installed on the top of the turntable (10). The top of the positioning frame (9) is connected to the output end of the driver (4). A rotating shaft (13) is installed on the bottom of the turntable (10). An extension shaft (23) extending to the top of the rotating plate (15) is provided on the bottom of the rotating plate (15). A feeding pipe penetrating the rotating shaft (13) is installed on the top of the turntable (10). (19) A stirring rod (14) is installed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (13). A synchronous belt (25) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the feeding pipe (19) through a bearing. A slot (36) is opened on one side of the feeding pipe (19) below the rotating shaft (13). A spiral feeding rod (35) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the feeding pipe (19) through a bearing. One end of the spiral feeding rod (35) is connected to the top end of the extension shaft (23). A synchronous drive unit is provided at the bottom end of the extension shaft (23). A crushing unit is provided at the top of the turntable (10).

2. The composting and fermentation equipment for agricultural waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding pipe (19) is inclined relative to the rotating shaft (13), and the center of the turntable (10) is coaxial with the center of the rotating shaft (13).

3. The composting and fermentation equipment for agricultural waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronous drive unit includes a splicing frame (20) mounted on the bottom of the rotating plate (15). A worm gear (29) is rotatably connected to one side of the splicing frame (20) via a bearing. A worm wheel (24) meshing with the worm gear (29) is provided at the bottom end of the extension shaft (23). A first transmission shaft (22) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the splicing frame (20) via a bearing. A synchronous pulley (26) is provided at one end of the first transmission shaft (22). A synchronous belt (25) is provided on the outer side of the synchronous pulley (26). The splicing frame (20) A second drive shaft (27) is rotatably connected to the side away from the worm (29) via a bearing. Both ends of the second drive shaft (27) are provided with a first drive bevel gear (21). A second drive bevel gear (28) that meshes with the first drive bevel gear (21) is provided on the outer side of the first drive shaft (22). A C-shaped frame (16) located inside the outer connecting compartment (8) is provided on the outer side of the bottom of the tank body (2). A bevel gear ring (18) that meshes with the first drive bevel gear (21) is installed at the bottom end of the C-shaped frame (16).

4. The composting and fermentation equipment for agricultural waste according to claim 3, characterized in that, One end of the worm (29) is also provided with a synchronous pulley (26), and the worm (29) and the first transmission shaft (22) are connected by the synchronous pulley (26) and the synchronous belt (25).

5. The composting and fermentation equipment for agricultural waste according to claim 3, characterized in that, The center of the bevel gear ring (18) is coaxial with the center of the rotating plate (15).

6. The composting and fermentation equipment for agricultural waste according to claim 3, characterized in that, The crushing unit includes a guide rod (34) installed on the top of the turntable (10) and located on one side of the positioning frame (9). The top of the turntable (10) is rotatably connected to a reciprocating screw (32) located on one side of the guide rod (34) via a bearing. A transmission spur gear (33) is provided at the top of the reciprocating screw (32). A slider (38) that is slidably connected to the guide rod (34) is sleeved on the outside of the reciprocating screw (32). Movable traction frames (37) are installed on both sides of the slider (38). One end of the movable traction frame (37) is inserted into a slot (36), and a side plate (31) is installed on the top of the slot (36). A telescopic spring (39) connected to the side plate (31) and located outside the slot (36) is provided on the top of the movable traction frame (37). An arc-shaped pressure plate (30) located above the annular filter plate (11) is provided at the bottom of the side plate (31). A spur gear ring (12) that meshes with the transmission spur gear (33) is installed on the inner wall of the tank (2).

7. The composting and fermentation equipment for agricultural waste according to claim 6, characterized in that, The horizontal height of the feed inlet (7) is less than the horizontal height of the annular filter plate (11).

8. The composting and fermentation equipment for agricultural waste according to claim 6, characterized in that, The maximum distance from the bottom of the arc-shaped pressure plate (30) to the top of the annular filter plate (11) is equal to the length of the reciprocating screw (32), and the distance from the bottom of the movable traction frame (37) to the top of the annular filter plate (11) is less than the maximum distance from the bottom of the arc-shaped pressure plate (30) to the top of the annular filter plate (11).

9. The composting and fermentation equipment for agricultural waste according to claim 6, characterized in that, The arc of the arc-shaped pressure plate (30) on the side away from the reciprocating screw (32) is equal to the arc of the outer wall of the annular filter plate (11), and the arc of the arc-shaped pressure plate (30) on the side close to the reciprocating screw (32) is equal to the arc of the inner wall of the annular filter plate (11).

10. A method for composting and fermenting agricultural waste, characterized in that, The composting and fermentation equipment for agricultural waste according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: S1: Pour the crushed waste into the tank (2) through the feed port (7), and the waste will accumulate inside the tank (2); S2: When turning over the waste, start the driver (4). The operation of the driver (4) causes the positioning frame (9) to drive the turntable (10) to rotate. At this time, the stirring rod (14) will stir the waste inside the tank (2) along with the rotation of the rotating shaft (13). S3: During the rotation of the rotating shaft (13), the screw feed rod (35) is rotated relative to the feed pipe (19) by the synchronous drive unit. This causes the screw feed rod (35) to rotate relative to the feed pipe (19). At this time, the waste around the slot (36) will move to the top of the turntable (10) under the action of the screw feed rod (35), and finally fall into the tank (2) through the annular filter plate (11). This allows the waste accumulated at the bottom to move to the top, thus realizing the longitudinal movement of the waste and avoiding the long-term deposition of materials at the bottom to form an anaerobic environment. S4: The waste material falling onto the top of the annular filter plate (11) is crushed by the crushing unit; S5: After fermentation is complete, open the discharge port (17) to discharge the material inside the tank (2).

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