Method for preparing high-water-solubility silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria and application

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing a high-water-solubility silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria and application of the high-water-solubility silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria. The method includes the step that crop straw is screened out, and the crop straw is rich in silicon. The method comprises the following steps: pretreating crop straws by adopting an organic material to obtain a pretreated organic material; the engineering animals are put into a composting tank, and the pretreated organic materials are applied into the composting tank. And spraying a silicate bacterium agent into the composting tank, and composting within a first preset time. And after composting is finished, screening to remove the engineering animals, and drying and crushing the compost material to obtain the high-water-solubility silicon organic fertilizer. The prepared high-water-solubility silicon organic fertilizer has high water solubility, large aggregates can be directionally enriched, the silicon content and the fertilization stability are high, water-soluble silicon is prevented from being rapidly lost after the organic fertilizer is applied into soil, the supply amount of silicon in the growth period of crops is increased, and the growth of the crops is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic fertilizer technology, and in particular to a method and application for preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria. Background Technology

[0002] Silicon is a nutrient element for crop growth. Water-soluble silicon is active silicon, which can be absorbed by crops, improving crop resistance, promoting crop growth, and increasing yield. Currently, silicon supplementation in farmland is mainly done through inorganic fertilizers such as slag-based silicon fertilizers and natural mineral silicon fertilizers, while the use of organic fertilizers for silicon supplementation is less common.

[0003] Composting of silicon-rich organic waste is an important method for producing silicon-containing organic fertilizer. However, due to limitations in the selection of silicon-rich materials and insufficient silicon-activating microorganisms resulting from traditional composting methods, the products obtained from silicon-rich organic waste composting have low contents of both water-soluble silicon and total silicon, which cannot meet the needs of crop growth and development. In addition, the active silicon in silicon-rich organic waste is easily lost through leaching after being applied to the soil, further exacerbating the silicon deficiency in crops.

[0004] In the preparation of organic fertilizers, high-activity silicon organic fertilizers cannot be produced due to difficulties in material selection and outdated fertilizer-making processes. In the application of organic fertilizers, existing technologies neglect the physical protective effect of soil macroaggregates on water-soluble silicon. Current technologies primarily focus on the organic carbon content of organic fertilizers, paying less attention to the water-soluble silicon content. They have not designed an organic fertilizer preparation pathway based on "high water solubility - directional enrichment of macroaggregates," failing to achieve a synergistic effect of high content and high stability. This results in rapid loss of water-soluble silicon after application to the soil, leading to insufficient silicon supply to crops during their growth period and adversely affecting crop growth. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the problems existing in related technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method and application for preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria. The method can produce organic fertilizer containing highly water-soluble silicon, and the application of the highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer prepared by this invention reduces leaching loss.

[0007] A method for preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria, comprising: Crop straw, which is rich in silicon, was screened out; The crop straw is pretreated with organic materials to obtain pretreated organic materials; the pretreated organic materials are located in a composting tank. The engineered animals are placed into the composting tank, and the pretreated organic material is applied into the composting tank. Spray silicate bacteria agent into the composting tank and compost for a first preset time. After composting, engineered animals are screened out, and the compost material is dried and crushed to obtain highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pretreatment of the crop straw with organic materials to obtain pretreated organic materials includes: The crop straw and urea are mixed to obtain a mixture; The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the mixture was adjusted to 25:1; Spread the mixture evenly in the composting tank; Adjusting the environmental parameters within the composting trough softens the straw fibers of the crop straw, resulting in pretreated organic material.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of placing the engineered animals into the composting trough includes: 8,000-10,000 black soldier fly larvae per square meter were placed in the composting trough.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of placing the engineered animals into the composting trough includes: Place 1500-2000 adult earthworms per square meter in the composting trough.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spraying density of the silicate bacterial agent is 5 mL / m or 8 mL / m, and the first preset time is 28 days. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the silicate bacterial agent is Bacillus mucilaginosus raw powder.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, adjusting the environmental parameters within the composting tank includes: Adjust the ambient temperature inside the composting trough to 20℃-28℃; Adjust the humidity inside the composting tank to 60%-70%.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the screening of crop straw includes: Rice straw with a silicon content greater than 30 g / kg was screened out using a high-temperature alkaline melting method.

[0014] This invention also provides an application of preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria. Based on the highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer, the fertilizer is applied at 3% of the weight of the tillage layer at a second preset time before planting vegetables; the vegetables are harvested at a third preset time after planting, and the planting soil after planting is collected; 100g of the planting soil with a moisture content of 15% is placed on a sieve, and large aggregates, small aggregates and micro aggregates are collected in sequence.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the size of the large aggregates is greater than 2 mm, the size of the small aggregates is greater than or equal to 0.25 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm, and the size of the microaggregates is less than 0.25 mm.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a method for preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria, comprising: screening crop straw, the crop straw being rich in silicon; pretreating the crop straw with organic materials to obtain pretreated organic materials; the pretreated organic materials being placed in a composting tank; introducing engineered animals into the composting tank and applying the pretreated organic materials into the composting tank; the pretreatment operation softens the straw fibers, facilitating feeding by engineered animals and the directional reproduction of silicate bacteria; engineered animals possess the characteristics of decomposing organic materials and optimizing the compost structure; spraying silicate bacteria inoculant into the composting tank and composting for a first preset time; after composting, screening to remove engineered animals, drying and pulverizing the compost material to obtain highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer; under the synergistic effect of silicate bacteria inoculant and engineered animals, the water-insoluble silicon in the pretreated organic materials is converted into highly water-soluble silicon, while simultaneously producing plant growth stimulants to promote crop root development. The high water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer prepared by this invention has high water solubility and can also directionally enrich large aggregates, resulting in high silicon content and fertilization stability. It prevents the rapid loss of water-soluble silicon after the organic fertilizer is applied to the soil, increases the supply of silicon during the crop growth period, and promotes crop growth. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria according to the present invention; Figure 2 The water-soluble silicon content of organic fertilizers produced by different composting methods of this invention; Figure 3 The water-soluble silicon content of large aggregates, small aggregates, and microaggregates in different composting methods of this invention; Figure 4 This is a regression analysis graph showing the water-soluble silicon content of soil micro-aggregates and the water-soluble silicon content of organic fertilizer according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a regression analysis diagram of the water-soluble silicon content of soil small aggregates and the water-soluble silicon content of organic fertilizer according to the present invention. Figure 6 This is a regression analysis diagram of the water-soluble silicon content of soil macroaggregates and the water-soluble silicon content of organic fertilizer according to the present invention. Figure 7 This is a regression analysis graph showing the relationship between the water-soluble silicon content in soil and the water-soluble silicon content in organic fertilizer, based on the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the invention more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0020] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a method for preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria, including: S1: Screen out crop straw, which is rich in silicon; S2: The crop straw is pretreated with organic materials to obtain pretreated organic materials; the pretreated organic materials are located in a composting tank; S3: Place the engineered animals into the composting tank and apply the pretreated organic material into the composting tank; S4: Spray silicate bacteria agent into the composting tank and compost within a first preset time. S5: After composting, the engineered animals are screened out, and the composted materials are dried and crushed to obtain highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer.

[0021] The method of pretreating the crop straw with organic materials to obtain pretreated organic materials includes: S21: Mix the crop straw and urea to obtain a mixture; S22: Adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to 25:1; S23: Spread the mixture evenly in the composting tank; S24: Adjust the environmental parameters in the composting tank to soften the straw fibers of the crop straw and obtain pretreated organic material.

[0022] Rice straw with a silicon content greater than 30 g / kg was screened using a high-temperature alkaline melting method. The rice straw was then crushed to a thickness of 2-5 cm. The crushed rice straw was mixed with urea, ensuring a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 25:1. The mixture was spread evenly in a composting trough (20-30 cm thick), and the ambient temperature was controlled at 20-28℃ and humidity at 60%-70% for 14 days to pre-treat the straw fibers, making it easier for engineered animals to consume and for silicate bacteria to multiply.

[0023] Post-composting treatment: After composting, engineered animals are removed by screening with a 10-mesh sieve. The compost material is dried to a moisture content of ≤30%, crushed and passed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer.

[0024] This embodiment provides a method for preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria, comprising screening out crop straw rich in silicon. The crop straw is pretreated with organic materials to obtain pretreated organic material, which is then placed in a composting tank. Engineered animals are introduced into the composting tank, and the pretreated organic material is applied. The pretreatment softens the straw fibers, facilitating feeding by the engineered animals and the directional reproduction of silicate bacteria. The engineered animals possess the ability to decompose organic material and optimize the compost structure. Silicate bacteria inoculants are sprayed into the composting tank, and composting is carried out within a first preset time. After composting, the engineered animals are screened out, and the compost material is dried and pulverized to obtain highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer. Under the synergistic effect of the silicate bacteria inoculant and the engineered animals, the water-insoluble silicon in the pretreated organic material is converted into highly water-soluble silicon, while simultaneously producing plant growth stimulants that promote crop root development. The high water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer prepared by this invention has high water solubility and can also directionally enrich large aggregates, resulting in high silicon content and fertilization stability. It prevents the rapid loss of water-soluble silicon after the organic fertilizer is applied to the soil, increases the supply of silicon during the crop growth period, and promotes crop growth.

[0025] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria. This embodiment describes the differences between Example 1 and Example 1, and the method includes: S1: Screen out crop straw, which is rich in silicon; S2: The crop straw is pretreated with organic materials to obtain pretreated organic materials; the pretreated organic materials are located in a composting tank; S3: Place the engineered animals into the composting tank and apply the pretreated organic material into the composting tank; S4: Spray silicate bacteria agent into the composting tank and compost within a first preset time. S5: After composting, the engineered animals are screened out, and the composted materials are dried and crushed to obtain highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer.

[0026] Option 1: Place 8,000-10,000 black soldier fly larvae per square meter in the composting trough. Feed the larvae with pretreated organic material, and simultaneously spray silicate bacteria agent evenly at 5 mL / m². Compost for 28 days (before the larvae pupate), turning the compost every 7 days to maintain the moisture content of the compost pile within the range of 55%-60%. The preferred black soldier fly species for this invention are those in the 3rd instar, exhibiting strong vitality and free from pests and diseases. 2 Option 2: Place 1500-2000 adult earthworms per square meter in the composting trough, and feed them with pretreated organic material at a rate of 8 mL / m². 2 Spray silicate bacteria inoculant; compost for 25-30 days, then replenish with well-rotted cow manure every 7 days (0.5 kg / m³). 2 The humidity of the earthworm pile should be maintained within the range of 60%-65%. The earthworms of this invention are preferably adults with reproductive rings.

[0027] In this embodiment, black soldier flies or earthworms are used as engineered animals. Both earthworms and black soldier flies accelerate the decomposition of rice straw through physical crushing and digestion via their mouthparts. However, the silicon in the decomposed rice straw remains in the form of plant silicates and is not in an active state. Therefore, in this embodiment, after feeding the engineered animals with pretreated organic material, silicate bacteria inoculants are introduced. The silicate bacteria inoculant used in this embodiment is Bacillus mucilage powder. The silicate bacteria inoculant decomposes the plant silicates, releasing the silicon inside and converting it into active silicon.

[0028] Example 3 This embodiment provides an application of highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer prepared based on silicate bacteria. Seven days before planting vegetables, the highly active silicon organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 or Example 2 is applied at 3% of the weight of the topsoil. The vegetables are harvested 28 days later. This embodiment uses a topsoil layer of 0-20cm as an example. Soil aggregates are separated using a fresh sieve method. 100g of planting soil with a moisture content of 15% is placed on a sieve with 2mm and 0.25mm diameters, and large aggregates, small aggregates, and microaggregates are collected sequentially. The water-soluble silicon content of various types of aggregates and the soil is detected using the molybdenum blue colorimetric method.

[0029] Large aggregates are larger than 2 mm in size, small aggregates are larger than or equal to 0.25 mm and smaller than or equal to 2 mm in size, and microaggregates are smaller than 0.25 mm in size.

[0030] Combination 1 consists of silicate bacteria and black soldier flies, while combination 2 consists of silicate bacteria and earthworms. This invention divides the soil into three parts: large aggregates, small aggregates, and microaggregates. The combined treatment method produces a greater number of large aggregates, resulting in a higher proportion of water-soluble silicon in the large aggregates and a lower proportion of water-soluble silicon in the small and microaggregates. Because the highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer prepared by this invention has high activity, it leads to higher activity of microorganisms in the planting soil, thus generating more large aggregates.

[0031] The water-soluble silicon content of organic fertilizers from different composting methods, such as Figure 2As shown, the water-soluble silicon content of organic fertilizers is 31.08 g / kg for traditional compost, 37.62 g / kg for silicate bacteria compost, 27.44 g / kg for black soldier fly compost, 41.25 g / kg for silicate bacteria and black soldier fly compost, 35.85 g / kg for earthworm compost, and 42.86 g / kg for silicate bacteria and earthworm compost. Compared to traditional compost, the water-soluble silicon content of organic fertilizers using silicate bacteria compost alone, silicate bacteria and black soldier fly compost, and silicate bacteria and earthworm compost increased by 21.03%, 32.72%, and 37.88%, respectively.

[0032] The water-soluble silicon content of different aggregates, such as Figure 3 As shown, for soil macroaggregates, the water-soluble silicon content was 1.78 mg / kg for traditional compost, 1.88 mg / kg for silicate bacteria compost, 1.99 mg / kg for black soldier fly compost, 3.04 mg / kg for silicate bacteria combined with black soldier fly compost, 1.78 mg / kg for earthworm compost, and 2.13 mg / kg for silicate bacteria combined with earthworm compost. Compared to traditional compost, the water-soluble silicon content of soil macroaggregates increased by 5.49%, 70.58%, and 19.85% respectively for composting with silicate bacteria alone, composting with silicate bacteria combined with black soldier fly, and composting with silicate bacteria combined with earthworm. Therefore, the method of preparing high water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer by combining silicate bacteria and engineered animals is superior to the method of using silicate bacteria alone and traditional compost.

[0033] like Figures 4-7 As shown, the water-soluble silicon content in soil micro-aggregates is negatively correlated with the water-soluble silicon content in organic fertilizer, and the water-soluble silicon content in soil small aggregates is also negatively correlated with the water-soluble silicon content in organic fertilizer. The water-soluble silicon content in soil large aggregates is positively correlated with the water-soluble silicon content in organic fertilizer, indicating that water-soluble silicon from organic fertilizer can be actively transferred to the soil and large aggregates.

[0034] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, apparatus, article, or method that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, apparatus, article, or method. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, apparatus, article, or method that includes that element.

[0035] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria, characterized in that, include: Crop straw, which is rich in silicon, was screened out; The crop straw was pretreated with organic materials to obtain pretreated organic materials; The pretreated organic material is located in the composting tank; The engineered animals are placed into the composting tank, and the pretreated organic material is applied into the composting tank. Spray silicate bacteria agent into the composting tank and compost for a first preset time. After composting, engineered animals are screened out, and the compost material is dried and crushed to obtain highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of pretreating the crop straw with organic materials to obtain pretreated organic materials includes: The crop straw and urea are mixed to obtain a mixture; The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the mixture was adjusted to 25:1; Spread the mixture evenly in the composting tank; Adjusting the environmental parameters within the composting trough softens the straw fibers of the crop straw, resulting in pretreated organic material.

3. The method for preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of placing the engineered animals into the composting tank includes: 8,000-10,000 black soldier fly larvae per square meter were placed in the composting trough.

4. The method for preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of placing the engineered animals into the composting tank includes: Place 1500-2000 adult earthworms per square meter in the composting trough.

5. The method for preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spraying density of the silicate bacteria agent is 5 mL / m³. 2 Or 8mL / m 2 The first preset time is 28 days.

6. The method for preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silicate bacteria inoculant is Bacillus mucilaginosus raw powder.

7. The method for preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria according to claim 2, characterized in that, Adjusting the environmental parameters within the composting tank includes: Adjust the ambient temperature inside the composting trough to 20℃-28℃; Adjust the humidity inside the composting tank to 60%-70%.

8. The method for preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria according to claim 1, characterized in that, The selected crop straw includes: Rice straw with a silicon content greater than 30 g / kg was screened out using a high-temperature alkaline melting method.

9. An application of preparing highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria, characterized in that, The highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer prepared according to any one of claims 1-8 is applied at a second preset time before planting vegetables, at a rate of 3% of the weight of the tillage layer. Vegetables are harvested at the third preset time after planting, and the planting soil is collected after the vegetables are planted. 100g of the planting soil with a moisture content of 15% is placed on a sieve and large aggregates, small aggregates and micro aggregates are collected in sequence.

10. The application of the preparation of highly water-soluble silicon organic fertilizer based on silicate bacteria according to claim 9, characterized in that, The large aggregates are larger than 2 mm in size, the small aggregates are larger than or equal to 0.25 mm and smaller than or equal to 2 mm in size, and the microaggregates are smaller than 0.25 mm in size.

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