Thermally insulating foams with photo-induced thermally responsive properties, methods of preparation and uses thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of thermal insulation foams, in particular to a thermal insulation foam material with photothermal sensitive response, a preparation method and application thereof, the thermal insulation foam material comprises the following raw materials: a PMI foam with a photo-thermal conversion function, a first initiator and N-isopropyl acrylamide; the thermal insulation foam is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: the PMI foam with the photo-thermal conversion function is pretreated by being soaked in a solvent, then is added into a solution containing the N-isopropyl acrylamide and the first initiator to perform grafting, and after drying, the thermal insulation foam material is obtained; the solvent is selected from one or two or more of n-pentane, n-hexane, acetone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran; the thermal insulation foam material can solve the problem that traditional thermal insulation materials lack intelligent regulation and control capability, realizes active and dynamic regulation of thermal insulation performance, and thus better adapts to different environmental conditions, and improves the energy efficiency and applicability of a thermal insulation system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of thermal insulation foam technology, and in particular to a thermal insulation foam material with photosensitive temperature response, its preparation method and its uses. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of thermal insulation materials, as industries such as building energy conservation and high-end equipment manufacturing continue to upgrade their demands for intelligent and precise thermal management, the limitations of traditional passive thermal insulation materials, which lack environmental perception and performance self-adaptation capabilities, are becoming increasingly apparent. On the one hand, in building settings, light and temperature fluctuate greatly, and traditional materials cannot dynamically adjust their insulation performance according to the real-time environment. On the other hand, in high-end equipment fields such as aerospace and new energy, the heat load changes drastically during equipment operation, and passive materials struggle to respond quickly to thermal management needs, easily leading to the risk of thermal runaway or low energy efficiency. Therefore, the industry urgently needs an innovative material that can autonomously adapt to changes in the external environment and achieve dynamic regulation of thermal insulation performance to fill the gap in intelligent thermal management of traditional technologies and help related fields move towards higher efficiency and intelligence. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the technical problems existing in the prior art, this application provides a heat-insulating foam material with photosensitive temperature response, a preparation method and its use. The heat-insulating foam material is sensitive to photosensitive temperature response and has excellent performance.

[0004] The specific technical solution of this application is as follows:

[0005] This application provides a thermal insulation foam material with photothermal response, which comprises the following raw materials: PMI foam with photothermal conversion function, a first initiator and N-isopropylacrylamide;

[0006] The thermal insulation foam is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:

[0007] PMI foam with photothermal conversion function is pretreated by soaking in a solvent, then grafted into a solution containing N-isopropylacrylamide and a first initiator, and dried to obtain thermal insulation foam material;

[0008] The solvent is selected from one or more of n-pentane, n-hexane, acetone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran.

[0009] Preferably, for the above-described heat-insulating foam material, the first initiator is selected from one or more of azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisobutyramidine hydrochloride, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and benzoyl peroxide.

[0010] Preferably, for the above-described heat-insulating foam material, the grafting temperature is 30-80°C, and / or

[0011] The grafting time is 6-12 hours, and / or

[0012] The drying temperature is 80-100℃, and / or

[0013] The drying time is 12-36 hours.

[0014] Preferably, for the above-described heat-insulating foam material, the mass ratio of the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function to the first initiator to N-isopropylacrylamide is 30-60:0.1-3:10-30.

[0015] Preferably, for any of the above-mentioned heat-insulating foam materials, the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function comprises the following raw materials: methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, a second initiator, a foaming agent, a crosslinking agent, and photothermal conversion nanomaterials.

[0016] Preferably, for the above-described heat-insulating foam material, the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:

[0017] A mixture is prepared by mixing methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, a second initiator, a foaming agent, a crosslinking agent, and photothermal conversion nanomaterials.

[0018] The mixture is polymerized and foamed to obtain PMI thermal insulation material with photothermal conversion function.

[0019] Preferably, for the above-described heat-insulating foam material, the mass ratio of methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, the second initiator, the foaming agent, the crosslinking agent, and the photothermal conversion nanomaterial is 40-70:30-50:0.1-3:1-20:0.1-5:0.1-1.

[0020] Preferably, for the above-described heat-insulating foam material, the second initiator is selected from one or two of tert-butyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide lauroyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, and bis(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxide dicarbonate; and / or

[0021] The foaming agent is selected from one or more of isopropanol, glycerol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, n-heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, urea, and tert-butyl methyl ether; and / or

[0022] The photothermal conversion nanomaterials are selected from graphene quantum dots and TiCT. x Nanosheets, NbCTx One or more of nanosheets, lead sulfide quantum dots, and lead selenide quantum dots.

[0023] This application provides a method for preparing a thermal insulation foam material with photosensitive temperature response, comprising:

[0024] PMI foam with photothermal conversion function is pretreated by immersing it in a solvent, and then grafted into a solution containing N-isopropylacrylamide and a second initiator. After drying, the heat insulation foam material is obtained.

[0025] The solvent is selected from one or more of n-pentane, n-hexane, acetone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran.

[0026] Preferably, in the method described above, the grafting temperature is 30-80°C, and / or

[0027] The grafting time is 6-12 hours, and / or

[0028] The drying temperature is 80-100℃, and / or

[0029] The drying time is 12-36 hours;

[0030] Optionally, the mass ratio of the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function: first initiator: N-isopropylacrylamide is 30-60:0.1-3:10-30.

[0031] Preferably, in any of the methods described above, the method for preparing the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function is as follows:

[0032] A mixture is prepared by mixing methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, a second initiator, a foaming agent, a crosslinking agent, and photothermal conversion nanomaterials.

[0033] The mixture is polymerized and foamed to obtain PMI thermal insulation material with photothermal conversion function.

[0034] Optionally, the mass ratio of the methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, second initiator, foaming agent, crosslinking agent and photothermal conversion nanomaterial is 40-70:30-50:0.1-3:1-20:0.1-5:0.1-1.

[0035] Preferably, in the method described above, the second initiator is selected from one or two of tert-butyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide lauroyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, and bis(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxide dicarbonate; and / or

[0036] The foaming agent is selected from one or more of isopropanol, glycerol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, n-heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, urea, and tert-butyl methyl ether; and / or

[0037] The photothermal conversion nanomaterials are selected from graphene quantum dots and TiCT. x Nanosheets, NbCT x One or more of nanosheets, lead sulfide quantum dots, and lead selenide quantum dots.

[0038] This application provides the use of the thermal insulation foam materials described in any of the above claims in the fields of building energy conservation, marine or aerospace.

[0039] Invention Effects

[0040] The photosensitive thermal insulation foam material described in this application can solve the problem of traditional thermal insulation materials lacking intelligent control capabilities, and realize active and dynamic adjustment of thermal insulation performance, thereby better adapting to different environmental conditions and improving the energy efficiency and applicability of the thermal insulation system. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the described embodiments. Although specific embodiments of the present application are shown, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this application will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0042] It should be noted that certain terms are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art will understand that different terms may be used to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not distinguish components based on differences in terminology, but rather on differences in function. The terms "comprising" or "including" used throughout the specification and claims are open-ended and should be interpreted as "comprising but not limited to." The following descriptions in the specification are preferred embodiments for carrying out this application; however, these descriptions are for the purpose of understanding the general principles of the specification and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. The scope of protection of this application shall be determined by the appended claims.

[0043] This application provides a thermal insulation foam material with photothermal response, comprising the following raw materials: PMI foam with photothermal conversion function, a first initiator, and N-isopropylacrylamide.

[0044] This application describes a thermal insulation foam material with photothermal conversion function that can be obtained by reacting PMI foam with N-isopropylacrylamide under the action of a first initiator.

[0045] In this application, the photosensitive temperature response refers to the ability of foam to convert light energy into heat energy under the influence of light. When the temperature reaches a certain range, the temperature-sensitive material will perform corresponding actions to achieve a heat insulation effect.

[0046] In some embodiments, the first initiator is selected from one or more of azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptanenitrile, azobisisobutyramidine hydrochloride, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and benzoyl peroxide.

[0047] In some embodiments, the insulating foam is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:

[0048] The PMI foam with photothermal conversion function is pretreated, preferably by immersing the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function in a solvent for pretreatment, and then grafting it into a solution containing N-isopropylacrylamide and a first initiator. After drying, the heat insulation foam material is obtained.

[0049] This application pre-treats PMI foam with photothermal conversion function by immersing it in a solvent, which can cause the cell walls of the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function to swell appropriately, generating nanoscale micropores or increasing the permeability gaps in the cell walls, thus creating channels for subsequent grafted materials to enter the closed pores.

[0050] In some embodiments, the grafting temperature is 30-80°C, and / or

[0051] The grafting time is 6-12 hours, and / or

[0052] The drying temperature is 80-100℃, and / or

[0053] The drying time is 12-36 hours.

[0054] For example, the grafting temperature can be 30℃, 35℃, 40℃, 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, 60℃, 65℃, 70℃, 75℃, 80℃, etc.

[0055] The grafting time can be 6h, 6.5h, 7h, 7.5h, 8h, 8.5h, 9h, 9.5h, 10h, 10.5h, 11h, 11.5h, 12h, etc.

[0056] The drying temperature can be 80℃, 81℃, 82℃, 83℃, 84℃, 85℃, 86℃, 87℃, 88℃, 89℃, 90℃, 91℃, 92℃, 93℃, 94℃, 95℃, 96℃, 97℃, 98℃, 99℃, 100℃, etc.

[0057] The drying time can be 12h, 13h, 14h, 15h, 16h, 17h, 18h, 19h, 20h, 21h, 22h, 23h, 24h, 25h, 26h, 27h, 28h, 29h, 30h, 31h, 32h, 33h, 34h, 35h, 36h, etc.

[0058] In some embodiments, the solvent is selected from one or more of n-pentane, n-hexane, acetone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran.

[0059] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the PMI foam, the first initiator, and N-isopropylacrylamide is 30-60:0.1-3:10-30.

[0060] For example, the mass ratio of the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function, the first initiator, and N-isopropylacrylamide (m) 具有光热转换功能的PMI泡沫 :m 第一引发剂 :m N-异丙基丙烯酰胺 The following are possible values: 30:0.1:12, 30:0.1:15, 30:0.1:17, 30:0.1:19, 30:0.1:20, 30:0.1:22, 30:0.1:24, 30:0.1:25, 30:0.1:27, 30:0.1:29, 30:0.1:30, 30:0.2:25, 30:0.3:25, 30:0.4:25, and 30:0.5. :25, 30:0.6:25, 30:0.7:25, 30:0.8:25, 30:0.9:25, 30:1:25, 30:1.5:25, 30:2:25, 30:2.5:25, 30:3:25, 35:0.8:25, 40:0.8:25, 45:0.8:25, 50:0.8:25, 55:0.8:25, 60:0.8:25, etc.

[0061] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function to the solvent is 5-10:1.

[0062] For example, the weight ratio (m) of the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function to the solvent. 具有光热转换功能的PMI泡沫 :m 溶剂 The ratios can be 5:1, 5.5:1, 6:1, 6.5:1, 7:1, 7.5:1, 8:1, 8.5:1, 9:1, 9.5:1, 10:1, etc.

[0063] In some embodiments, the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function comprises the following raw materials: methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, a second initiator, a foaming agent, a crosslinking agent, and photothermal conversion nanomaterials.

[0064] This application describes how to obtain PMI foam with photothermal conversion function by reacting photothermal conversion nanomaterials with methacrylic acid and methacrylonitrile under the action of a second initiator and a foaming agent.

[0065] The aforementioned photothermal conversion nanomaterial has an absorption rate of >90% for near-infrared light. After absorbing light energy, electrons transition from the ground state to the excited state, releasing heat upon falling back, causing a rapid increase in the local temperature of the PMI foam.

[0066] In some embodiments, the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:

[0067] A mixture is prepared by mixing methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, a second initiator, a foaming agent, a crosslinking agent, and photothermal conversion nanomaterials.

[0068] The mixture is polymerized and foamed to obtain a PMI thermal insulation material with photothermal conversion function. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, second initiator, foaming agent, crosslinking agent and photothermal conversion nanomaterial is 40-70:30-50:0.1-3:1-20:0.1-5:0.1-1.

[0069] For example, the mass ratio of methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, the second initiator, the foaming agent, the crosslinking agent, and the photothermal conversion nanomaterial can be 40:30:0.1:1:0.1:1, 45:30:0.1:1:0.1:1, 50:30:0.1:1:0.1:1, 55:30:0.1:1:0.1:1, 60:30:0.1:1:0.1:1, 65:30:0.1:1:0.1:1, 70:30:0.1:1:0.1:1, 60:35:0.1:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0.1:1:0.1:1, 60:45:0.1:1:0.1:1, 60:50:0.1:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0 .2:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0.4:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0.5:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0.6:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0.7:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0.8:1:0.1:1, 60:40 :0.9:1:0.1:1, 60:40:1:1:0.1:1, 60:40:1.5:1:0.1:1, 60:40:2:1:0.1:1, 60:40:2.5:1:0.1:1, 60:40:3:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:2:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3 :3:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:4:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:5:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:6:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:7:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:8:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:9:0.1:1, 60:40:0 .3:10:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:11:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:12:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:13:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:14:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:15:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:16:0.1: 1. 60:40:0.3:17:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:18:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:19:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:20:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:10:0.5:1, 60:40:0.3:10:1:1, 60:40:0.3: 10:1.5:1, 60:40:0.3:10:2:1, 60:40:0.3:10:2.5:1, 60:40:0.3:10:3:1, 60:40:0.3:10:3.5:1, 60:40:0.3:10:4:1, 60:40:0.3:10:4.5:1, 60:40:0.3:10:5:1, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.1, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.2, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.3, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.4, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.5, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.6, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.7, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.8, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.9, etc.

[0070] In some embodiments, the second initiator is selected from one or two of tert-butyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide lauroyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, and bis(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxide dicarbonate; and / or

[0071] The foaming agent is selected from one or more of isopropanol, glycerol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, n-heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, urea, and tert-butyl methyl ether; and / or

[0072] The photothermal conversion nanomaterials are selected from graphene quantum dots and TiCT. x Nanosheets, NbCT x One or more of nanosheets, lead sulfide quantum dots, and lead selenide quantum dots.

[0073] In this application, no restrictions are placed on the crosslinking agent; conventional crosslinking agents in the art can be used. For example, the crosslinking agent may be calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, acrylamide (AM), methacrylamide (MAM), triallyl cyanurate, allyl methacrylate, metal salts of methacrylate, metal salts of acrylate, allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, allyl acrylamide, allyl methacrylamide, methylene-diacrylamide or methylene-dimethylacrylamide, diethylene bis(allyl carbonate), ethylene glycol diacrylate or ethylene glycol-dimethacrylate, 1,3-butanediol diacrylate or 1,3-butanediol. -Dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate or 1,4-butanediol-dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate or neopentyl glycol-dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol-diacrylate or 1,6-hexanediol-dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane diacrylate or trimethylolpropane-dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate or trimethylolpropane-trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate or pentaerythritol-trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate or pentaerythritol-tetramethacrylate, hyperbranched polymers, triallyl isocyanurate or triallyl cyanurate or core-shell nanoparticles.

[0074] This application provides a method for preparing a thermal insulation foam material with photosensitive temperature response, comprising:

[0075] PMI foam with photothermal conversion function is pretreated, then grafted into a solution containing N-isopropylacrylamide and a second initiator, and dried to obtain a thermal insulation foam material. In some embodiments, the pretreatment of PMI foam with photothermal conversion function is performed by immersing the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function in a solvent.

[0076] Optionally, the solvent is selected from one or more of n-pentane, n-hexane, acetone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran.

[0077] In some embodiments, the grafting temperature is 30-80°C, and / or

[0078] The grafting time is 6-12 hours, and / or

[0079] The drying temperature is 80-100℃, and / or

[0080] The drying time is 12-36 hours.

[0081] For example, the grafting temperature can be 30℃, 35℃, 40℃, 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, 60℃, 65℃, 70℃, 75℃, 80℃, etc.

[0082] The grafting time can be 6h, 6.5h, 7h, 7.5h, 8h, 8.5h, 9h, 9.5h, 10h, 10.5h, 11h, 11.5h, 12h, etc.

[0083] The drying temperature can be 80℃, 81℃, 82℃, 83℃, 84℃, 85℃, 86℃, 87℃, 88℃, 89℃, 90℃, 91℃, 92℃, 93℃, 94℃, 95℃, 96℃, 97℃, 98℃, 99℃, 100℃, etc.

[0084] The drying time can be 12h, 13h, 14h, 15h, 16h, 17h, 18h, 19h, 20h, 21h, 22h, 23h, 24h, 25h, 26h, 27h, 28h, 29h, 30h, 31h, 32h, 33h, 34h, 35h, 36h, etc.

[0085] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function: first initiator: N-isopropylacrylamide is 30-60:0.1-3:10-30; and / or

[0086] The mass ratio of the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function to the solvent is 5-10:1.

[0087] For example, the mass ratio of the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function, the first initiator, and N-isopropylacrylamide (m) 具有光热转换功能的PMI泡沫 :m 第一引发剂 :m N-异丙基丙烯酰胺 The following are possible values: 30:0.1:12, 30:0.1:15, 30:0.1:17, 30:0.1:19, 30:0.1:20, 30:0.1:22, 30:0.1:24, 30:0.1:25, 30:0.1:27, 30:0.1:29, 30:0.1:30, 30:0.2:20, 30:0.3:20, 30:0.4:20, and 30:0.5. :20, 30:0.6:20, 30:0.7:20, 30:0.8:20, 30:0.9:20, 30:1:20, 30:1.5:20, 30:2:20, 30:2.5:20, 30:3:20, 35:0.8:20, 40:0.8:20, 45:0.8:20, 50:0.8:20, 55:0.8:20, 60:0.8:20, etc.

[0088] The weight ratio (m) of the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function to the solvent 具有光热转换功能的PMI泡沫 :m 溶剂 The ratios can be 5:1, 5.5:1, 6:1, 6.5:1, 7:1, 7.5:1, 8:1, 8.5:1, 9:1, 9.5:1, 10:1, etc.

[0089] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function is as follows:

[0090] A mixture is prepared by mixing methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, a second initiator, a foaming agent, a crosslinking agent, and photothermal conversion nanomaterials.

[0091] The mixture is polymerized and foamed to obtain PMI thermal insulation material with photothermal conversion function.

[0092] Optionally, the mass ratio of the methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, second initiator, foaming agent, crosslinking agent and photothermal conversion nanomaterial is 40-70:30-50:0.1-3:1-20:0.1-5:0.1-1.

[0093] For example, the mass ratio of methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, the second initiator, the foaming agent, the crosslinking agent, and the photothermal conversion nanomaterial can be 40:30:0.1:1:0.1:1, 45:30:0.1:1:0.1:1, 50:30:0.1:1:0.1:1, 55:30:0.1:1:0.1:1, 60:30:0.1:1:0.1:1, 65:30:0.1:1:0.1:1, 70:30:0.1:1:0.1:1, 60:35:0.1:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0.1:1:0.1:1, 60:45:0.1:1:0.1:1, 60:50:0.1:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0 .2:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0.4:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0.5:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0.6:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0.7:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0.8:1:0.1:1, 60:40 :0.9:1:0.1:1, 60:40:1:1:0.1:1, 60:40:1.5:1:0.1:1, 60:40:2:1:0.1:1, 60:40:2.5:1:0.1:1, 60:40:3:1:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:2:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3 :3:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:4:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:5:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:6:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:7:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:8:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:9:0.1:1, 60:40:0 .3:10:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:11:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:12:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:13:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:14:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:15:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:16:0.1: 1. 60:40:0.3:17:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:18:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:19:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:20:0.1:1, 60:40:0.3:10:0.5:1, 60:40:0.3:10:1:1, 60:40:0.3: 10:1.5:1, 60:40:0.3:10:2:1, 60:40:0.3:10:2.5:1, 60:40:0.3:10:3:1, 60:40:0.3:10:3.5:1, 60:40:0.3:10:4:1, 60:40:0.3:10:4.5:1, 60:40:0.3:10:5:1, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.1, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.2, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.3, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.4, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.5, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.6, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.7, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.8, 60:40:0.3:10:1:0.9, etc.

[0094] In some embodiments, the second initiator is selected from one or two of tert-butyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide lauroyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, and bis(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxide dicarbonate; and / or

[0095] The foaming agent is selected from one or more of isopropanol, glycerol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, n-heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, urea, and tert-butyl methyl ether; and / or

[0096] The photothermal conversion nanomaterial is selected from one or more of carbon quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, and MXene nanosheets.

[0097] In this application, no restrictions are placed on the crosslinking agent. Those skilled in the art can use conventional crosslinking agents for crosslinking. For example, the crosslinking agent may be calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, acrylamide (AM), methacrylamide (MAM), triallyl cyanurate, allyl methacrylate, metal salt of methacrylate, metal salt of acrylate, allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, allyl acrylamide, allyl methacrylamide, methylene-diacrylamide or methylene-dimethylacrylamide, diethylene bis(allyl carbonate), ethylene glycol diacrylate or ethylene glycol-dimethacrylate, 1,3-butanediol diacrylate or 1,3-butanediol diacrylate Butanediol-dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate or 1,4-butanediol-dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate or neopentyl glycol-dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol-diacrylate or 1,6-hexanediol-dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane diacrylate or trimethylolpropane-dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate or trimethylolpropane-trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate or pentaerythritol-trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate or pentaerythritol-tetramethacrylate, hyperbranched polymers, triallyl isocyanurate or triallyl cyanurate or core-shell nanoparticles.

[0098] This application provides the use of the aforementioned thermal insulation foam material in the fields of building energy conservation, marine or aerospace.

[0099] Example

[0100] This application provides a general and / or specific description of the materials and test methods used in the experiments. In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, % represents wt%, i.e., weight percentage. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional reagent products. N-isopropylacrylamide was purchased from Guangzhou Yuanda New Materials Co., Ltd., graphene quantum dots were purchased from Suzhou Carbon-Feng Graphene Technology Co., Ltd., and TiCT... x Nanosheets and NbCT x The nanosheets were purchased from Forsmann Technology Co., Ltd.

[0101] Example 1: Preparation of Thermal Insulation Foam Material

[0102] 60g of methacrylic acid, 40g of methacrylonitrile, 0.3g of benzoyl peroxide as the second initiator, 10g of isopropanol as the foaming agent, 1g of crosslinking agent (calcium oxide) and 0.8g of graphene quantum dots as photothermal conversion nanomaterials were added to the reaction vessel and mechanically stirred to obtain a mixture of materials.

[0103] The material mixture is injected into a mold and polymerized in a water bath at a temperature of 50°C for 300 hours. Then, it is heated and foamed to obtain PMI foam with photothermal conversion function. The heating and foaming temperature is 230°C and the heating and foaming time is 3 hours.

[0104] 50g of PMI foam with photothermal conversion function was pretreated by soaking it in 100ml of acetone for 1.5h. Then, it was grafted into a solution containing 20g of N-isopropylacrylamide and 0.8g of the first initiator azobisisobutyronitrile (tert-amyl alcohol) at 55℃ for 10h. After drying, the heat insulation foam material was obtained at 90℃ for 20h.

[0105] Example 2

[0106] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the photothermal conversion nanomaterial used is TiCT. x Nanosheets are used to obtain thermal insulation foam materials.

[0107] Example 3

[0108] The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the photothermal conversion nanomaterial used is NbCT. x Nanosheets are used to obtain thermal insulation foam materials.

[0109] Example 4

[0110] The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 lies in the use of N-doped graphene nanosheets as the photothermal conversion nanomaterial to obtain a thermal insulation foam material. The preparation method of the N-doped graphene nanosheets is as follows: 15g of natural graphite sheets (200 mesh) and 500g of steel needles (5mm in length, 0.1mm in diameter) are added to a sealed container, which is then filled with nitrogen gas (pressure 0.3MPa). The container is then fixed to a magnetic grinder, and the grinder is started, alternating between forward and reverse rotation for 30 minutes each, with a total grinding time of 7 hours. During the rotation of the magnetic grinder, the magnetic force drives the steel needles to grind the large-sized graphite sheets into graphene nanosheets, while the graphene nanosheets react with nitrogen gas to obtain N-doped graphene nanosheets.

[0111] Example 5

[0112] The difference between Example 5 and Example 1 is that n-pentane is used as the solvent to obtain the heat-insulating foam material.

[0113] Example 6

[0114] The difference between Example 6 and Example 1 is that the solvent used is ethyl acetate to obtain the heat-insulating foam material.

[0115] Example 7

[0116] The difference between Example 7 and Example 1 is that water is used as the solvent to obtain the heat-insulating foam material.

[0117] Example 8

[0118] The difference between Example 8 and Example 1 is that 1.5g of photothermal conversion nanomaterial graphene quantum dots were used to obtain thermal insulation foam material.

[0119] Example 9

[0120] The difference between Example 9 and Example 1 is that 0.05g of photothermal conversion nanomaterial graphene quantum dots is used to obtain thermal insulation foam material.

[0121] Experimental Example

[0122] Test method: The temperature of the constant temperature chamber was set to 25℃. A xenon lamp was fixed inside the chamber, 30cm away from the sample surface. Ordinary foam material was completely covered and adhered to the iron plate. The xenon lamp was turned on, and the power was set to 500W to simulate medium illumination. One thermocouple sensor was attached to each of the "light-receiving side", "backlight-receiving side" of the foam, and "iron plate below the backlight-receiving side". The sensors were connected to a data logger. The results are shown in Table 1. Comparative Example 1 directly shone light onto the iron plate, while Comparative Example 2 used ordinary PMI foam. Compared with Example 1, foam obtained without adding photothermal conversion material and without subsequent grafting reaction was not performed.

[0123] The compression properties were tested according to GB / T 8813-2008 Determination of compression properties of rigid foamed plastics, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0124] Table 1

[0125]

[0126] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the application in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A thermal insulation foam material with photothermal response, comprising the following raw materials: PMI foam with photothermal conversion function, a first initiator and N-isopropylacrylamide; The thermal insulation foam is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: PMI foam with photothermal conversion function is pretreated by soaking in a solvent, then grafted into a solution containing N-isopropylacrylamide and a first initiator, and dried to obtain thermal insulation foam material; The solvent is selected from one or more of n-pentane, n-hexane, acetone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran; The PMI foam with photothermal conversion function is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: A mixture is prepared by mixing methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, a second initiator, a foaming agent, a crosslinking agent, and photothermal conversion nanomaterials. The mixture is polymerized and foamed to obtain PMI thermal insulation material with photothermal conversion function; The mass ratio of the methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, second initiator, foaming agent, crosslinking agent and photothermal conversion nanomaterial is 40-70:30-50:0.1-3:1-20:0.1-5:0.1-1.

2. The thermal insulation foam material according to claim 1, wherein the first initiator is selected from one or more of azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptanenitrile, azobisisobutyramidine hydrochloride, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and benzoyl peroxide.

3. The thermal insulation foam material according to claim 1, wherein the grafting temperature is 30-80°C, and / or The grafting time is 6-12 hours, and / or The drying temperature is 80-100℃, and / or The drying time is 12-36 hours.

4. The thermal insulation foam material according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the PMI foam with photothermal conversion function to the first initiator to N-isopropylacrylamide is 30-60:0.1-3:10-30.

5. The thermal insulation foam material according to claim 1, wherein the second initiator is selected from one or two of tert-butyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide lauroyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, and bis(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxide dicarbonate; and / or The foaming agent is selected from one or more of isopropanol, glycerol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, n-heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, urea, and tert-butyl methyl ether; and / or The photothermal conversion nanomaterials are selected from graphene quantum dots and TiCT. x Nanosheets, NbCT x One or more of nanosheets, lead sulfide quantum dots, and lead selenide quantum dots.

6. A method for preparing a thermally insulating foam material with photosensitive temperature response, comprising: PMI foam with photothermal conversion function is pretreated by soaking in a solvent, then grafted into a solution containing N-isopropylacrylamide and a first initiator, and dried to obtain thermal insulation foam material; The solvent is selected from one or more of n-pentane, n-hexane, acetone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran; A mixture is prepared by mixing methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, a second initiator, a foaming agent, a crosslinking agent, and photothermal conversion nanomaterials. The mixture is polymerized and foamed to obtain PMI thermal insulation material with photothermal conversion function; The mass ratio of the methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile, second initiator, foaming agent, crosslinking agent and photothermal conversion nanomaterial is 40-70:30-50:0.1-3:1-20:0.1-5:0.1-1.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the grafting temperature is 30-80°C, and / or The grafting time is 6-12 hours, and / or The drying temperature is 80-100℃, and / or The drying time is 12-36 hours; and / or The PMI foam with photothermal conversion function has a mass ratio of 30-60:0.1-3:10-30 for the first initiator and N-isopropylacrylamide.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the second initiator is selected from one or two of tert-butyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide lauroyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, and bis(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxide dicarbonate; and / or The foaming agent is selected from one or more of isopropanol, glycerol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, n-heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, urea, and tert-butyl methyl ether; and / or The photothermal conversion nanomaterials are selected from graphene quantum dots and TiCT. x Nanosheets, NbCT x One or more of nanosheets, lead sulfide quantum dots, and lead selenide quantum dots.

9. The use of the thermal insulation foam material according to any one of claims 1-5 in the fields of building energy conservation, shipbuilding, or aerospace.

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