Exosome detection device

Abstract

The invention is applicable to the technical field of exosome detection, and provides an exosome detection device which comprises a water tank, a water bath cylinder and a sleeve cover which are arranged from bottom to top and sequentially communicated, water bath water is stored in the water tank and the water bath cylinder, an exosome test tube is inserted from the sleeve cover, a tube body is suspended in the water bath cylinder and the sleeve cover, water bath is performed in the water bath cylinder, and the exosome test tube is connected with the water bath cylinder. The pipe opening is located outside the sleeve cover and used for taking and placing. The water bath barrel is slidably mounted at the top of the water tank and is used for adjusting the depth of the water bath barrel entering the water tank. According to the exosome detection device provided by the scheme, a slidable piston-cylinder structure is formed between the water bath barrel and the water tank through the closed ring: when the barrel moves downwards, the volume of a liquid cavity outside the barrel is reduced, water is forced to uniformly flow into the barrel through a gap at the bottom of the barrel, and the liquid level is rapidly raised; when the barrel moves upwards, part of water flows back to the bottom of the box, and the liquid level descends correspondingly, so that the one-to-one correspondence relation of barrel displacement = liquid level adjustment is realized, water bath of less water can be realized, and water saving is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of exosome detection technology, and particularly relates to an exosome detection device. Background Technology

[0002] Exosomes are small membrane vesicles containing complex RNA and proteins. Currently, they specifically refer to disc-shaped vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm. Various cells can secrete exosomes under both normal and pathological conditions. They mainly originate from multivesicles formed by the invagination of lysosomal microparticles within cells. After the outer membrane of the multivesicle fuses with the cell membrane, it is released into the extracellular matrix. Exosomes are generally detected using specialized equipment. To ensure the activity of exosomes during detection, a comfortable temperature is required. Therefore, warm water is prepared, and the test tube containing the exosomes is immersed in the warm water for detection.

[0003] However, after use, the temperature of the warm water in current exosome detection devices drops, making it impossible for the water to reach the temperature range required by exosomes. Therefore, the warm water may be directly disposed of as wastewater. Although some current exosome detection devices can control the temperature of the water, they usually require a large amount of water and are not very effective in saving water. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an exosome detection device, which aims to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention is implemented as follows: an exosome detection device includes a water tank, a water bath, and a cover, arranged from bottom to top and connected in sequence. The water tank and water bath store water for the water bath. Exosome test tubes are inserted through the cover, with the tubes suspended within the water bath and cover, and bathed in the water bath. The tube opening is located outside the cover for easy removal and placement. The water bath is slidably mounted on the top of the water tank to adjust the depth of the water bath inside the tank, thereby controlling the height of the exosome test tube submerged in the water bath. A height-fixing bolt is threaded onto the water tank, with its end abutting against the outside of the water bath for fixing the position. Multiple limiting rods are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the bottom of the water bath, with rounded ends that collectively abut against the exosome test tube. The bottom end of the exosome test tube is used to suspend and support the exosome test tube; a sealing ring is fixedly sleeved on the bottom of the water bath, and the outer ring of the sealing ring slides in a watertight contact with the inner wall of the water tank, which is used to control the amount of water entering the water bath when the water bath is adjusted; a limit block is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the water tank to limit the descent height of the water bath and the sealing ring; a heating rod and a heating water temperature sensor are inserted into the water tank, and the heating rod and the heating water temperature sensor are both located below the limit block; a water bath temperature sensor is inserted into the water bath to detect the water bath temperature, and the insertion position of the water bath temperature sensor is staggered from the insertion trajectory of the exosome test tube; an LCD controller is provided on the cover, and the LCD controller is connected to the heating rod, the heating water temperature sensor and the water bath temperature sensor.

[0006] Preferably, the water tank, water bath tube, and cover are all made of thermal insulation material, the exosome test tubes do not contact the inner wall of the water bath tube, and one side of the water bath tube has a transparent observation window.

[0007] Preferably, a fixed tube ring is fixedly installed on the top of the cap, and an inlet is provided on the fixed tube ring for inserting an exosome test tube. A receiving groove is provided on the inner wall of the inlet, and a rubber expansion ring is fixedly installed in the receiving groove for confining the exosome test tube after expansion. A rubber bladder is fixedly installed on the top of the cap, and the rubber bladder is connected to the rubber expansion ring by a gas guide tube for supplying gas to the rubber expansion ring when the rubber bladder is compressed. An air inlet pipe with a one-way valve is installed on the rubber bladder, and an exhaust pipe extending to the outside of the fixed tube ring is installed on the rubber expansion ring. A pressure relief valve is installed on the exhaust pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the top of the cover has an inlet and the bottom has a water bath passage, both for inserting exosome test tubes. The inlet is the same size as the fixed tube ring and the two are connected. The water bath passage is the same size as the inner diameter of the water bath cylinder and the two are connected.

[0009] Preferably, a sliding port is provided between the inlet and the water bath passage. Two sealing plates are slidably installed in the sliding port. When the two sealing plates are closed, they seal the inlet and the water bath passage. When they are open and closed, they allow the exosome test tube to be inserted. Return springs are fixedly installed on the inner walls of both sides of the sliding port. The return springs are fixedly connected to the corresponding sealing plates and are used to close the two sealing plates when the exosome test tube is withdrawn.

[0010] Preferably, the top of the contact side of the two sealing plates that are closed to each other is an arc-shaped guide surface, which is used to abut and separate the two sealing plates when the exosome test tube is inserted.

[0011] Preferably, a stirring shaft is rotatably mounted at the bottom of the water tank, the stirring shaft passes through the water tank, and a stirring impeller is fixedly sleeved on the part of the stirring shaft located inside the water tank for uniform water bath usage. The height of the stirring impeller is lower than the height of the limiting block. A drive motor is fixedly mounted on the side of the water tank, and the output shaft of the drive motor is fixedly connected to one end of the stirring shaft for driving the rotation of the stirring shaft and the stirring impeller. The drive motor is connected to an LCD controller.

[0012] Preferably, a water supply pipe is installed on one side of the water bath for supplying water to the water bath and the water tank, and the water supply pipe has a valve.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the water tank extends upward to form a neck, and the height-fixing bolt is disposed on the neck.

[0014] Preferably, the width of the sealing plate is greater than the diameter of the inlet and the water bath passage, and the inner diameter of the water bath passage is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet.

[0015] Compared with related technologies, the exosome detection device provided by the present invention has the following advantages: Compared with existing technologies, the exosome detection device provided in this solution has a sliding "piston-cylinder" structure formed between the water bath and the water tank through a closed ring: when the cylinder moves downward, the volume of the liquid cavity outside the cylinder decreases, and the water is forced to flow evenly into the cylinder through the gap at the bottom of the cylinder, and the liquid level rises rapidly; when the cylinder moves upward, some water flows back to the bottom of the tank, and the liquid level drops accordingly. This achieves a one-to-one correspondence between "cylinder displacement = liquid level adjustment", which enables water bathing with less water and achieves water conservation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a front-view stereoscopic structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 An enlarged structural diagram of part A shown in the figure; Figure 3 This is a rear-view stereoscopic structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 An enlarged structural diagram of part B shown in the figure; Figure 6 for Figure 4 An enlarged structural diagram of section C shown in the figure; Figure 7 for Figure 6 An enlarged structural diagram of part D shown in the figure; Figure 8 This is a side sectional view of the present invention. Figure 9 for Figure 8 An enlarged structural diagram of part E shown in the figure; Figure 10 This is a bottom-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the cover portion; Figure 11 This is a front-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the water bath section; Figure 12 for Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure shown from below; Figure 13 A front-view three-dimensional structural diagram of a water bath water-lifting and uniform-water-raising mechanism; Figure 14 for Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure shown from below; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional mechanism of the sealing plate; Figure 16 This is a rear-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the synchronous tensioning mechanism.

[0017] Attached reference numerals: 1. Water tank; 2. Water bath cylinder; 3. Cover; 4. Height fixing bolt; 5. Limiting rod; 6. Sealing ring; 7. Limiting block; 8. Heating rod; 9. Heating water temperature sensor; 10. Water bath temperature sensor; 11. LCD controller; 12. Fixed pipe ring; 13. Inlet pipe; 14. Collection slot; 15. Rubber expansion ring; 16. Rubber bladder; 17. Air guide pipe; 18. Air inlet pipe; 19. Exhaust pipe; 20. Inlet; 21. Water bath guide port; 22. Sliding port; 23. Sealing plate; 24. Return spring; 25. Arc 26. Guide surface; 27. Stirring shaft; 28. Stirring impeller; 29. ​​Drive motor; 30. Guide ring; 31. Lifting ring; 32. Screw rod; 33. Ring gear assembly; 34. Synchronous shaft; 35. Drive gear; 36. Synchronous pulley; 37. Synchronous belt; 38. Internal gear ring; 39. Driven gear; 40. Orifice guide frame; 41. Adjusting slider; 42. Positioning port; 43. Positioning block; 44. Adjusting screw; 45. Tensioning wheel; 46. Adjusting gear; 47. Mounting bracket; 48. Control rack; 49. Stabilizing sleeve; 40. Water supply pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0018] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0019] This invention provides an exosome detection device, such as... Figure 1-16 As shown, the exosome detection device includes: a water tank 1, a water bath 2, and a cover 3, arranged from bottom to top and connected in sequence. The water tank 1 and water bath 2 store water for the water bath. Exosome test tubes are inserted through the cover 3, with the tubes suspended within the water bath 2 and cover 3, and bathed in water within the water bath 2. The tube openings are located outside the cover 3 for easy placement and removal. The water bath 2 is slidably mounted on top of the water tank 1 to adjust the depth of the water bath 2 within the water tank 1, thereby controlling the height to which the water bath water submerges the exosome test tubes. A height-fixing bolt 4 is threaded onto the water tank 1, with its end abutting against the outside of the water bath 2 for fixing its position. Multiple limiting rods 5 are fixedly installed on the inner bottom wall of the water bath 2, with rounded ends that abut against the bottom of the exosome test tubes for suspending and supporting them. The system includes an exosome test tube; a sealing ring 6 is fixedly fitted around the bottom of the water bath 2, and the outer ring of the sealing ring 6 slides in a watertight manner with the inner wall of the water tank 1, used to control the amount of water entering the water bath 2 during adjustment; a limit block 7 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the water tank 1 to limit the descent height of the water bath 2 and the sealing ring 6; a heating rod 8 and a heating water temperature sensor 9 are inserted into the water tank 1, both located below the limit block 7; a water bath temperature sensor 10 is inserted into the water bath 2 to detect the water bath temperature, and the insertion position of the water bath temperature sensor 10 is offset from the insertion trajectory of the exosome test tube; an LCD controller 11 is provided on the cover 3, and the LCD controller 11 is connected to the heating rod 8, the heating water temperature sensor 9, and the water bath temperature sensor 10.

[0020] In this embodiment, during use, the water tank 1 is first filled with water for the water bath, and then the water bath cylinder 2 is slowly slid down along the inner wall of the water tank 1. At this time, the sealing ring 6 and the wall of the water tank 1 are kept in a watertight sliding state, and the water outside the cylinder is pressed into the cylinder, and the liquid level rises accordingly. Depending on the required immersion depth of the exosome test tube, the water bath cylinder 2 is pulled up or pressed down at any time. After it is in place, the height fixing bolt 4 is tightened so that its end abuts against the outer wall of the water bath cylinder 2, and the cylinder is locked at that height. Then, the test tube containing the exosome is inserted into the central insertion hole of the cover 3. The bottom of the test tube is simultaneously supported by the round ends of multiple limiting rods 5, and the tube is suspended in the closed cavity of the water bath cylinder 2 and the cover 3, with the tube opening exposed above the cover 3 for easy removal and placement. The LCD controller 11 is activated, and the heating rod 8 heats the water in the lower layer of the water tank 1. The heating water temperature sensor 9 provides real-time feedback on the bottom water temperature, and the water bath temperature sensor 10 directly monitors the water temperature around the test tube. When the water bath temperature reaches the set value, the LCD controller 11 automatically adjusts the on / off state of the heating rod 8 to maintain a constant temperature in the water bath area inside the cylinder, and the exosome detection can then begin. If the immersion depth needs to be adjusted during the detection process, simply loosen the height setting bolt 4, gently move the water bath cylinder 2, and then tighten it again; there is no need to remove the test tube. A sliding "piston-cylinder" structure is formed between the water bath cylinder 2 and the water tank 1 through a closed ring 6: when the cylinder moves downward, the volume of the liquid cavity outside the cylinder decreases, and the water is forced to flow evenly into the cylinder through the gap at the bottom of the cylinder, and the liquid level rises rapidly; when the cylinder moves upward, some water flows back to the bottom of the tank, and the liquid level drops accordingly, thus realizing a one-to-one correspondence of "cylinder displacement = liquid level adjustment", which enables a smaller amount of water to achieve water bathing and save water; the limiting block 7 provides mechanical stop at the end point of the cylinder's downward movement to prevent the heating zone from dry burning; the limiting top rod 5 forms a ring fulcrum in the center of the cylinder, so that the bottom of the test tube is suspended in the air, avoiding direct contact with the bottom of the cylinder and the generation of local hot spots; the heating rod 8 only heats the water in the limited volume at the bottom of the water tank 1. The hot water rises along the cylinder wall under the drive of density difference and fully convects and mixes with the original water bath in the water bath cylinder 2; the water bath temperature sensor 10 is located near the test tube and directly collects the real temperature of the microenvironment in which the exosome is located; the liquid crystal controller 11 adjusts the heating power in a closed loop according to this to achieve fast, accurate and energy-saving constant temperature control; The heating zone and the constant temperature zone are separated, and the heating rod 8 is always submerged in the bottom water. With the help of dual-sensor closed-loop control, the set temperature can be re-established in a short time, solving the problem of having to wait a long time after adding water. The test tube is suspended and fixed by the limiting rod 5, and the water flow around it is uniform, eliminating the dead zone of heat conduction between the tube wall and the bottom of the container, ensuring that the exosomes are heated evenly, and improving the repeatability and activity retention rate of the test. At the same time, after the height of the water bath 2 is locked, the liquid level is constant, and even if the test is conducted for a long time, the immersion depth will not change due to evaporation or vibration, further improving the reliability.

[0021] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water tank 1, the water bath 2 and the cover 3 are all made of heat-insulating material, the exosome test tube does not contact the inner wall of the water bath 2, and one side of the water bath 2 has a transparent observation window.

[0022] In this embodiment, the exosome test tube is inserted through the cap 3, and its wall maintains an annular gap with the wall of the water bath 2, without contact suspension. The operator can observe the immersion depth and bubble status of the test tube in real time through the transparent observation window on the side wall of the water bath 2 to confirm the water bath status; if liquid level fluctuations or test tube displacement are found during the test, they can be judged directly through the observation window and the height setting bolt 4 can be finely adjusted to achieve correction without opening the cap; after the test, the water bath 2 is raised first to lower the liquid level, and then the test tube is taken out, which can control the water. Throughout the process, the insulation layer of the water tank 1, water bath 2 and cap 3 continuously prevents heat loss, and the system can immediately enter the preparation for the next round of testing.

[0023] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a fixed tube ring 12 is fixedly installed on the top of the cover 3. The fixed tube ring 12 has an inlet 13 for inserting an exosome test tube. A receiving groove 14 is provided on the inner wall of the inlet 13. A rubber expansion ring 15 is fixedly installed in the receiving groove 14 for confining the exosome test tube after expansion. A rubber bladder 16 is fixedly installed on the top of the cover 3. The rubber bladder 16 is connected to the rubber expansion ring 15 by a gas guide tube 17 for supplying air to the rubber expansion ring 15 when the rubber bladder 16 is compressed. An air inlet pipe 18 with a one-way valve is installed on the rubber bladder 16. An exhaust pipe 19 extending to the outside of the fixed tube ring 12 is installed on the rubber expansion ring 15. A pressure relief valve is installed on the exhaust pipe 19.

[0024] In this embodiment, after the exosome test tube is passed sequentially through the inlet 13 of the fixed tube ring 12 and the cap 3, an annular gap remains between the outer wall of the test tube and the rubber expansion ring 15. The operator gently squeezes the rubber bladder 16 with one hand, and the air inside the bladder is forced into the rubber expansion ring 15 through the gas guide tube 17. The rubber expansion ring 15 immediately expands towards the center and adheres tightly to the outer wall of the test tube, forming an elastic clamping effect and achieving stepless diameter locking. After releasing the rubber bladder 16, the one-way valve prevents gas backflow, maintaining the expanded state. When the test tube needs to be removed after testing, simply turn the pressure relief valve on the exhaust pipe 19; the rubber expansion ring 15 instantly releases gas and rebounds, allowing the test tube to be freely extracted.

[0025] The rubber bladder 16, the air guide tube 17, and the rubber expansion ring 15 form a closed air passage. When the rubber bladder 16 is squeezed, the volume of the bladder cavity decreases, the internal air pressure increases, and the gas enters the rubber expansion ring 15 in the receiving groove 14 through the air guide tube 17. The ring wall thickness decreases and the diameter shrinks, thereby generating uniform radial pressure on the test tube and achieving flexible clamping. The one-way valve built into the air inlet tube 18 automatically opens to replenish air when the rubber bladder 16 rebounds, ensuring that sufficient air pressure can still be provided for the next press. After the pressure relief valve opens, the high-pressure gas in the rubber expansion ring 15 is quickly discharged along the exhaust pipe 19, the ring elastically resets, and the clamping force immediately disappears.

[0026] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top of the cover 3 is provided with an inlet 20 and the bottom is provided with a water bath passage 21, both of which are used for the insertion of exosome test tubes. The inlet 20 is the same size as the fixed tube ring 12 and the two are connected. The water bath passage 21 is the same size as the inner diameter of the water bath cylinder 2 and the two are connected.

[0027] In this embodiment, the exosome test tube passes through the fixed tube ring 12 and the inlet 20 in sequence, and then continues to descend and enters the inner cavity of the water bath tube 2 directly through the water bath guide port 21.

[0028] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a sliding port 22 is provided between the inlet 20 and the water bath passage 21. Two sealing plates 23 are slidably installed in the sliding port 22. When the two sealing plates 23 are closed, they seal the inlet 20 and the water bath passage 21. When they are open and closed, they allow the exosome test tube to be inserted. Return springs 24 are fixedly installed on the inner walls of both sides of the sliding port 22. The return springs 24 are fixedly connected to the corresponding sealing plates 23 and are used to close the two sealing plates 23 when the exosome test tube is withdrawn.

[0029] In this embodiment, before inserting the exosome test tube, the two sealing plates 23 remain closed under the action of the return spring 24, temporarily isolating the inlet 20 from the water bath connection 21, and locking the heat and moisture inside the water bath 2 below. Holding the lower end of the test tube and gently pushing it towards the center of the inlet 20, the head of the test tube pushes open the two sealing plates 23. The sealing plates 23 slide in the opposite direction along the sliding port 22 and compress the return spring 24, instantly opening the channel. The test tube passes through and hovers in the water bath 2. After the test is completed, lifting the test tube immediately releases the return spring 24, pushing the two sealing plates 23 to slide back towards each other, closing the inlet 20 and the water bath connection 21 again. No manual switching is required throughout the process, achieving insertion and opening, and withdrawal and closing simultaneously.

[0030] The sliding port 22 extends laterally between the inlet 20 and the water bath passage 21, providing symmetrical guide rails for the two sealing plates 23. The sealing plates 23 maintain a closed tendency under the pre-tightening force of the return spring 24. When a downward force is applied to the outer wall of the test tube, the inner edge of the plate is forced outward by the radial component force, opening the passage and storing energy in the spring. After the test tube is removed, the external force disappears, and the spring's potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, pushing the sealing plates 23 back to their original position quickly. The mating surfaces of the two plates then adhere to each other, forming a continuous heat-insulating surface, blocking air convection between the water bath cylinder 2 and the outside environment, while simultaneously preventing water vapor inside the cylinder from escaping and condensing on the upper end of the cover 3.

[0031] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top of the contact side of the two sealing plates 23 that are closed to each other are both arc-shaped guide surfaces 25, which are used to abut and separate the two sealing plates 23 when the exosome test tube is inserted.

[0032] In this embodiment, when the exosome test tube is inserted downwards from the inlet 20, its bottom end first contacts the arc-shaped guide surface 25 at the joint of the two sealing plates 23. As the test tube continues to descend, the arc-shaped guide surface 25 converts the vertical thrust into a horizontal component force, and the two sealing plates 23 are pushed outwards simultaneously. The sliding port 22 opens instantly, and the test tube smoothly passes through and enters the water bath passage 21. After the test is completed and the test tube is withdrawn, the return spring 24 immediately pulls the sealing plate 23 back to slide, and the arc-shaped guide surface 25 closes again, completing the automatic closure.

[0033] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a stirring shaft 26 is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the water tank 1. The stirring shaft 26 penetrates the water tank 1. A stirring impeller 27 is fixedly sleeved on the portion of the stirring shaft 26 located inside the water tank 1 for uniform water bath usage. The height of the stirring impeller 27 is lower than the height of the limiting block 7. A drive motor 28 is fixedly mounted on the side of the water tank 1. The output shaft of the drive motor 28 is fixedly connected to one end of the stirring shaft 26 for driving the rotation of the stirring shaft 26 and the stirring impeller 27. The drive motor 28 is connected to the LCD controller 11.

[0034] In this embodiment, the drive motor 28 is activated with a single button on the LCD controller 11 before startup. The output shaft of the drive motor 28 drives the stirring shaft 26 and the stirring impeller 27 to rotate continuously at the bottom of the water tank 1. The stirring impeller 27 then evenly pushes the water along the circumference and radial direction, forming a stable flow field. After the heating water temperature sensor 9 reports a uniform temperature, the heating rod 8 enters a closed-loop constant temperature mode. Subsequently, the water bath 2 is lowered, and the water in the water bath 2 quickly merges with the hot water below through the water bath inlet 21, instantly maintaining a consistent temperature throughout the water bath area, allowing the insertion of exosome test tubes for testing. During the testing process, the drive motor 28 maintains a low speed, and the stirring impeller 27 continuously circulates the water, preventing temperature stratification even during prolonged experiments.

[0035] The stirring shaft 26 runs longitudinally through the bottom wall of the water tank 1 and is supported by a sealed bearing. The stirring impeller 27 fixed at its top is located below the limiting block 7 and is in the same bottom water area as the heating rod 8. The drive motor 28 is controlled by the LCD controller 11 to drive the stirring shaft 26 to achieve constant speed rotation. The impeller blades push the water tangentially, forming forced convection at the bottom of the tank.

[0036] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a water supply pipe 49 is installed on one side of the water bath 2 for supplying water to the water bath 2 and the water tank 1. The water supply pipe 49 has a valve, and a water level sensor is also provided in the water bath 2 and the water tank 1.

[0037] In this embodiment, when the water level is insufficient, the operator opens the valve on the water supply pipe 49, and the external water source enters the inner cavity of the water bath tube 2 directly through the water supply pipe 49; the water flows down the wall of the water bath tube 2 to the bottom, and then flows into the water tank 1, so that the water levels in the two cavities rise synchronously.

[0038] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top of the water tank 1 extends upward to form a neck, and the height-fixing bolt 4 is disposed on the neck.

[0039] In this embodiment, before raising and lowering the water bath 2, first loosen the height-fixing bolt 4 located on the side wall of the neck of the water tank 1 so that the end of the bolt leaves the tube wall; then slide the water bath 2 up and down along the inner hole of the neck. After it is in place, simply tighten the height-fixing bolt 4 with one hand, and the end of the bolt will once again press against the outer wall of the water bath 2 to immediately complete the height locking.

[0040] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width of the sealing plate 23 is greater than the diameter of the inlet 20 and the water bath passage 21, and the inner diameter of the water bath passage 21 is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet 20.

[0041] In this embodiment, before the test tube is inserted, the two sealing plates 23 are closed by the return spring 24, and their width is greater than the diameter of the inlet 20, ensuring that the inlet is completely covered.

[0042] To further improve the performance of this device, in addition to the above-mentioned solutions, this solution also includes the following embodiments: In another embodiment of the present invention, a water bath uniformization mechanism is provided inside the water bath 2 for uniformly distributing the water within the water bath 2. The water bath uniformization mechanism includes a guide ring 29 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the water bath 2. A lifting ring 30 is rotatably sleeved inside the guide ring 29. The lifting ring 30 is located outside the inserted exosome test tube. Multiple auger rods 31 are rotatably installed at the bottom of the lifting ring 30. The lifting ring 30 synchronously drives the multiple auger rods 31 to rotate around the exosome test tube, thereby stirring the water within the water bath 2. A ring toothed assembly 32 is fixedly installed on the top of the cover 3. A synchronous shaft 33 is rotatably installed on the cover 3. One end of the synchronous shaft 33 extends into the water bath inlet 21 and is fixedly installed with a drive gear 34. The drive gear 34 meshes with the ring toothed assembly 32 to drive the lifting ring 30 to rotate. Synchronous wheels 35 are fixedly fitted on the end of the synchronous shaft 33 outside the cover 3 and the end of the stirring shaft 26 outside the water tank 1. The same synchronous belt 36 is fitted on the two synchronous wheels 35 so that the stirring shaft 26 drives the synchronous shaft 33 to rotate synchronously.

[0043] In this embodiment, the drive motor 28 is started, the stirring shaft 26 rotates, and the synchronous pulley 35 drives the synchronous shaft 33 to rotate via the synchronous belt 36. The drive gear 34 then rotates and meshes with the annular tooth assembly 32, causing the lifting ring 30 to rotate smoothly within the guide ring 29. Multiple auger rods 31 at the bottom of the lifting ring 30 revolve around the test tube while simultaneously rotating on their own axis, stirring the water inside the tube. No additional settings are required from the operator to maintain a uniform temperature inside the water bath 2 during the heating process. After the test is completed, the drive motor 28 is turned off, the auger rods 31 stop with the lifting ring 30, and the test tube can be directly removed.

[0044] The guide ring 29 is fixed to the inner wall of the water bath 2, providing radial positioning and axial load for the lifting ring 30. The annular tooth assembly 32 meshes internally with the drive gear 34, converting the horizontal rotation of the synchronous shaft 33 into the circular motion of the lifting ring 30. The upper end of the auger rod 31 is rotatably connected to the lifting ring 30, while the lower end hangs freely and contacts the water flow. During its revolution, it rotates under the action of viscous resistance, forming a planetary stirring effect. This spirals the surrounding hot water along the rod surface and then throws it outward, continuously exchanging it with the descending cold water and eliminating radial and axial temperature differences. The stirring shaft 26 and the synchronous shaft 33 form a closed-loop mechanical series connection through the synchronous pulley 35 and the synchronous belt 36, realizing single-motor dual-zone linkage. The water tank 1 and the water bath 2 simultaneously obtain independent and coordinated stirring power.

[0045] In another embodiment of the present invention, an internal gear ring 37 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the water bath 2. The internal gear ring 37 is located below the lifting ring 30 and outside the multiple auger rods 31. Each of the multiple auger rods 31 is fixedly fitted with a driven gear 38. The multiple driven gears 38 mesh with the internal gear ring 37 so that when the lifting ring 30 drives the auger rods 31 to rotate, the multiple auger rods 31 rotate under the action of the driven gears 38 rolling along the internal gear ring 37, thereby lifting water upward or sending water downward for stirring.

[0046] In this embodiment, after the drive motor 28 is started, the lifting ring 30 rotates within the guide ring 29, driving multiple auger rods 31 and the driven gears 38 on their outer walls to revolve around the exosome test tube; since the driven gears 38 mesh with the internal gear ring 37 fixed to the inner wall of the water bath 2, each driven gear 38 rolls along the internal gear ring 37 and generates its own rotation, and the auger rods 31 rotate synchronously.

[0047] The internal gear ring 37 is fixed below the lifting ring 30 and forms a planetary meshing pair with the driven gear 38. When the lifting ring 30 rotates, the driven gear 38 is forced to roll along the internal gear ring 37, causing the auger rod 31 to rotate directionally while revolving around the central axis. The direction of water flow is determined by the direction of rotation of the auger blades: when the rotation is in the "lifting" direction, the blades continuously lift the bottom hot water to the middle of the test tube and then throw it outwards; when the rotation is in the reverse direction, the blades push the upper water downwards, forming a longitudinal circulation. The guide ring 29 restricts the lifting ring 30 to only make circular motion, ensuring a constant gear meshing clearance and smooth, noiseless operation.

[0048] In another embodiment of the present invention, a synchronous tensioning mechanism is provided on the side of the water tank 1 and the cover 3. The synchronous tensioning mechanism includes a mouth-shaped guide frame 39 fixedly installed on the side of the water tank 1. The mouth-shaped guide frame 39 is located between the water tank 1 and the synchronous belt 36. An adjusting slider 40 is slidably installed inside the mouth-shaped guide frame 39. A positioning opening 41 is provided on the top of the adjusting slider 40. A positioning block 42 is slidably installed inside the positioning opening 41. The positioning block 42 is fixedly connected to the top of the adjusting slider 40 for stable guidance. An adjusting screw 43 is rotatably installed on the mouth-shaped guide frame 39. The adjusting screw 43 is threaded through the adjusting slider 40. When it rotates, it drives the adjusting slider 40 to slide, and the side of the adjusting slider 40 rotates. A tensioning wheel 44 is installed, which contacts the inner side of the synchronous belt 36. Its sliding position adjustment is synchronized with the lifting and lowering of the water bath 2, and is used to tension the synchronous belt 36. An adjusting gear 45 is fixedly installed at one end of the adjusting screw 43. A mounting bracket 46 is fixedly installed on the side of the cover 3. A control rack 47 is fixedly installed on the mounting bracket 46. The control rack 47 meshes with the adjusting gear 45 so that when the water bath 2 and the cover 3 are lifted and lowered, the control rack 47 drives the adjusting gear 45 and the adjusting screw 43 to rotate, thereby adjusting the position of the adjusting slider 40 and the tensioning wheel 44. A stabilizing sleeve 48 is fixedly installed on the orifice guide 39. The stabilizing sleeve 48 is slidably sleeved on the control rack 47 for stabilization.

[0049] In this embodiment, no additional tools are required before raising and lowering the water bath 2: When the cylinder and the cover 3 move upward together, the control rack 47 on the mounting bracket 46 rises accordingly, and the meshing adjusting gear 45 is driven to rotate, causing the adjusting screw 43 to rotate synchronously; the adjusting slider 40 is driven by the thread to slide along the orifice guide 39, and the tensioning wheel 44 moves accordingly and automatically increases the inner force on the synchronous belt 36 to compensate for the increase in belt length caused by the rise of the water bath 2. The process is reversed when descending, the tensioning wheel 44 retracts, and the synchronous belt 36 is always kept at a moderate tension. The positioning block 42 and the stabilizing sleeve 48 guide the adjusting slider 40 and the control rack 47 on both sides respectively to ensure that the movement is free of sway, and to complete the water level adjustment and belt tensioning.

[0050] In summary, compared with related technologies, the water bath cylinder 2 and the water tank 1 of this device form a sliding "piston-cylinder" structure through the closed ring 6: when the cylinder moves downward, the volume of the liquid cavity outside the cylinder decreases, and the water is forced to flow evenly into the cylinder through the gap at the bottom of the cylinder, and the liquid level rises rapidly; when the cylinder moves upward, some water flows back to the bottom of the tank, and the liquid level drops accordingly. This achieves a one-to-one correspondence between "cylinder displacement = liquid level adjustment", which enables a smaller amount of water to achieve water bathing and saves water.

[0051] It should be understood, in the several embodiments provided in this application, that the disclosed apparatus may be implemented in other ways.

[0052] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can still combine, add, delete, or otherwise adjust the features of the various embodiments of the present invention according to the circumstances without conflict or creative effort, thereby obtaining different technical solutions that do not fundamentally depart from the concept of the present invention. These technical solutions also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An exosome detection device, characterized in that, include: The water tank, water bath tube, and cover are arranged from bottom to top and connected in sequence. The water tank and water bath tube store water for water bathing. The exosome test tube is inserted through the cover and the tube body is suspended inside the water bath tube and cover. It is bathed in water in the water bath tube. The tube opening is located outside the cover for taking it out and putting it in. The water bath tube is slidably installed on the top of the water tank to adjust the depth of the water bath tube into the water tank, thereby controlling the height of the exosome test tube submerged by the water in the water bath. A height-fixing bolt is threaded on the water tank, and the end of the height-fixing bolt abuts against the outside of the water bath tube to fix the position. Multiple limiting rods are fixedly installed on the bottom inner wall of the water bath. The ends of the multiple limiting rods are all rounded and they abut against the bottom of the exosome test tube to suspend and support the exosome test tube. A sealing ring is fixedly fitted on the bottom of the water bath tube. The outer ring of the sealing ring slides in a watertight manner with the inner wall of the water tank, which is used to control the amount of water entering the water bath tube when the water bath tube is adjusted. Limiting blocks are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the water tank to limit the descent height of the water bath tube and the closing ring; A heating rod and a heating water temperature sensor are inserted into the water tank, and both the heating rod and the heating water temperature sensor are located below the limiting block; A water bath temperature sensor is inserted inside the water bath to detect the water bath temperature. The insertion position of the water bath temperature sensor is offset from the insertion trajectory of the exosome test tube. The cover is equipped with an LCD controller, which is connected to the heating rod, the heating water temperature sensor, and the water bath temperature sensor.

2. The exosome detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water tank, water bath, and cover are all made of thermal insulation material. The exosome test tubes do not contact the inner wall of the water bath. One side of the water bath has a transparent observation window.

3. The exosome detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A fixed tube ring is fixedly installed on the top of the cap. The fixed tube ring has an inlet for inserting an exosome test tube. A receiving groove is provided on the inner wall of the inlet. A rubber expansion ring is fixedly installed in the receiving groove to secure the exosome test tube after expansion. A rubber bladder is fixedly installed on the top of the cap. The rubber bladder is connected to the rubber expansion ring by a gas guide tube for supplying gas to the rubber expansion ring when the rubber bladder is compressed. An air inlet pipe with a one-way valve is installed on the rubber bladder. An exhaust pipe extending to the outside of the fixed tube ring is installed on the rubber expansion ring. A pressure relief valve is installed on the exhaust pipe.

4. The exosome detection device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The cap has an inlet at the top and a water bath passage at the bottom, both for inserting exosome test tubes. The inlet is the same size as the fixed tube ring and the two are connected. The water bath passage is the same size as the inner diameter of the water bath cylinder and the two are connected.

5. The exosome detection device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, A sliding port is provided between the inlet and the water bath passage. Two sealing plates are slidably installed in the sliding port. When the two sealing plates are closed, they seal the inlet and the water bath passage. When they are open or closed, they allow the exosome test tube to be inserted. Return springs are fixedly installed on the inner walls of both sides of the sliding port. The return springs are fixedly connected to the corresponding sealing plates and are used to close the two sealing plates when the exosome test tube is withdrawn.

6. The exosome detection device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The top of the contact side of the two sealing plates that are closed to each other is an arc-shaped guide surface, which is used to abut and separate the two sealing plates when the exosome test tube is inserted.

7. The exosome detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A stirring shaft is rotatably mounted at the bottom of the water tank, and the stirring shaft passes through the water tank. An impeller is fixedly fitted on the part of the stirring shaft located inside the water tank for uniform water bath usage. The height of the impeller is lower than the height of the limiting block. A drive motor is fixedly mounted on the side of the water tank. The output shaft of the drive motor is fixedly connected to one end of the stirring shaft for driving the rotation of the stirring shaft and the impeller. The drive motor is connected to an LCD controller.

8. The exosome detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A water supply pipe is installed on one side of the water bath tube for supplying water to the water bath tube and the water tank. The water supply pipe is equipped with a valve.

9. The exosome detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the water tank extends upward to form a neck, and the height-fixing bolt is located on the neck.

10. The exosome detection device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The width of the sealing plate is greater than the diameter of the inlet and the water bath passage, and the inner diameter of the water bath passage is greater than the inner diameter of the inlet.

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