Dual-purpose laser cladding device for inner wall and outer wall and cladding method

Abstract

The invention relates to a dual-purpose laser cladding device for inner and outer walls and a cladding method, and belongs to the field of additive manufacturing. Comprising a laser generation system, an inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system, a length feeding system, a laser cladding head system, a laser protection system, an air and powder feeding water cooling system and a laser transmission system. The laser cladding device has the advantages that the structure is novel, and laser cladding of the inner hole and the outer wall can be achieved through one device; a workpiece does not need to be moved, and the laser head penetrates into a hole for machining, so that the equipment load and deformation risk are greatly reduced; the laser cladding technology capable of machining the end face can achieve metallurgical bonding of an end face coating and a base body, the quality of the coating is remarkably improved, and the laser cladding technology can be widely popularized in the technical field of welding and connecting and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to an inner and outer wall dual-purpose laser cladding device and a cladding method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of surface treatment of industrial parts, inner wall and outer wall laser cladding usually relies on different equipment, forming a mode of needing multiple clamping to process the same part respectively. This mode has significant shortcomings in efficiency, cost, performance and environmental protection, etc. With the rapid development of aerospace, energy equipment, high-end automobile manufacturing and other industries, the requirement for the synergy of full-surface performance of parts is increasingly stringent, and the traditional division algorithm process cannot meet the demand, providing a broad application scenario for the inner and outer wall integrated laser cladding technology.

[0003] In the field of inner wall treatment of industrial parts, for cylindrical, tubular and other rotary parts, the mode of "laser head fixed - workpiece following" is usually adopted. On the one hand, the adaptability of non-rotary and special-shaped workpieces is poor. The core advantage of this mode is based on "workpiece rotating at a constant speed around the axis", so it is completely incompatible with non-rotary inner walls (such as square holes, polygonal holes, inner walls with irregular protrusions). For large workpieces (such as large oil pipelines and heavy hydraulic oil cylinders) with a length of more than 6m and a weight of more than 5 tons, "workpiece following" needs to rely on multiple drive units for coordinated transmission, but due to the deflection of the workpiece itself, the "middle sag" phenomenon is easy to occur. For thin-walled parts (such as aluminum alloy sensor housings and titanium alloy aviation ducts) with a wall thickness of less than 2mm, the clamping force and centrifugal force of "workpiece following" are easy to cause workpiece deformation. Although the daily maintenance of the fixed laser head is more convenient, the maintenance cost of the workpiece following system is higher. The workpiece following relies on servo motors, precision guide rails and clamping mechanisms, which are subjected to the weight and motion impact of the workpiece for a long time, and the service life is shorter than that of fixed components.

[0004] The blind area of inner hole end face processing directly leads to the decline of the overall performance of the part, and becomes the main cause of equipment failure. The core design of existing inner wall laser cladding equipment focuses on "hole wall cylindrical surface processing". The laser head usually adopts axial incidence, which cannot realize end face focusing perpendicular to the inner hole axis. To make up for the technical gap of the inner wall laser cladding equipment, enterprises need to add multiple subsequent processes: first, process the hole wall through laser cladding, then process the end face (remove the processing blind area) by using a numerical control milling machine, and finally supplement the end face coating by using plasma spraying. The whole process increases by 3 processes, and the processing cycle is prolonged by 100%. SUMMARY

[0005] This invention provides a laser cladding device and method for both inner and outer walls, to solve the problems that the same device cannot perform both inner hole processing and outer wall processing, the need to clamp the device to a triangular chuck to achieve inner hole processing, and the inability to process the end face of the inner wall by laser cladding.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is a dual-purpose laser cladding device for inner and outer walls, comprising a laser generating system, an inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system, a length feeding system, a laser cladding head system, a laser protection system, a gas and powder supply and water cooling system, and a laser transmission system. The laser generating system is fixed to the ground and connected to the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system via optical fiber. The inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system is also fixed to the ground. The length feeding system is connected to the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system via bolts. The laser cladding head system is connected to the length feeding system via bolts. The laser protection system protects the path of the laser in the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system via bolts. The gas cylinder, powder feeder, and water chiller in the gas and powder supply and water cooling system are placed on the ground and connected to the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system via gas supply pipes, powder supply pipes, water chiller inlet pipes, and water chiller outlet pipes. The laser transmission system is fixed to the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system, the length feeding system, and the laser cladding head system via nuts.

[0007] The laser generating system of the present invention includes a laser and an optical fiber, wherein the laser is placed on the ground, one end of the optical fiber is connected to the laser, and the other end is connected to the housing.

[0008] The inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system of this invention includes a circular dust cover, a linkage shaft, a laser conversion housing, a ball screw base one, a ball screw base two, a ball screw motor, a ball screw, a bushing, a motor linkage shaft, a motor, a motor housing, a housing, a driven cylindrical gear, a driving cylindrical gear, an angular contact ball bearing, and a linkage rod gear shaft. The circular dust cover has a slot on the housing for the length feeding system to pass through, preventing dust from the environment from entering the housing. The linkage rod is connected to the driven cylindrical gear via the linkage rod gear shaft, and the linkage rod gear shaft rotates on the housing using an angular contact ball bearing. The ball screw base... The first and second ball screw bases are bolted together and fixed to the linkage rod. The ball screw is fixed between the first and second ball screw bases. The ball screw motor is bolted together and fixed to the second ball screw base. The laser conversion housing is bolted together and fixed to the first ball screw base. The bushing is fitted onto the linkage rod gear shaft to control the distance between the angular contact ball bearing and the driven cylindrical gear. The motor is bolted together and fixed to the motor housing. The motor uses a key connection to transmit power to the driving cylindrical gear through the motor linkage shaft. The driving cylindrical gear and the driven cylindrical gear form a gear pair, which is used for the circumferential motion transmission structure of the entire device.

[0009] The length feeding system of this invention includes a cladding head connector, a laser direction conversion component, a laser direction conversion component cover plate, an extension component one, an extension component two, an extension component three, an extension component four, a motor for extension component one, a motor for extension component two, and a motor for extension component three. The cladding head connector is connected to a ball screw. The laser direction conversion component is fixed to the cladding head connector by bolts. The laser direction conversion component cover plate is fixed to the laser direction conversion component by bolts. Extension component one is fixed to the laser direction conversion component by bolts. Extension component two is connected to extension component one via a guide rail, and its extension distance is controlled by the motor for extension component one. The motor for extension component one is fixed to extension component one by bolts. Extension component three is connected to extension component two via a guide rail, and its extension distance is controlled by the motor for extension component two. The motor for extension component two is fixed to extension component two by bolts. Extension component four is connected to extension component three via a guide rail, and its extension distance is controlled by the motor for extension component three. The motor for extension component three is fixed to extension component three by bolts.

[0010] The laser cladding head system of this invention includes a laser cladding nozzle, a laser cladding head connector, a laser cladding head housing, a laser cladding head base, a three-gear shaft for the cladding head, a first gear shaft for the cladding head, a second gear shaft for the cladding head, a gear shaft for the cladding head motor, a cladding head motor, cylindrical roller bearings, and angular contact ball bearings. The laser cladding head is threaded onto the laser cladding head connector, which is bolted onto the laser cladding head housing. The laser cladding head housing is connected to the laser cladding head base via a gear set. The laser cladding head base is bolted to an extension member four. The three-gear shaft for the cladding head is connected to the laser cladding head housing via bearings. The first gear shaft for the cladding head is splined onto the laser cladding head base. The second gear shaft for the cladding head is splined onto a reflector five. The first and second gear shafts are connected via cylindrical roller bearings. The reflector five is connected to the laser cladding head base via angular contact ball bearings.

[0011] The laser protection system of this invention includes a laser protection baffle one, a laser protection base, a laser protection baffle two, a laser protection roller shutter device one, and a laser protection roller shutter device two. Laser protection baffle one is bolted to both sides of the laser conversion housing and the laser protection base. The laser protection base is bolted to a ball screw base two. Laser protection baffle two is bolted to a linkage rod. Laser protection roller shutter device one and laser protection roller shutter device two are bolted at one end to the laser conversion housing and at the other end to a laser direction conversion component. Laser protection roller shutter device one and laser protection roller shutter device two move up and down with the laser conversion housing, controlling the conveying distance of the roller shutter, thereby preventing laser scattering to other components.

[0012] The air and powder delivery water-cooling system of this invention includes an air delivery retaining ring, a powder delivery retaining ring, a cable tie, a powder delivery pipe, an air delivery pipe, a gas cylinder one, a powder delivery machine, a gas cylinder two, a water chiller, a water chiller inlet pipe, a water chiller outlet pipe, a water chiller inlet retaining ring, and a water chiller outlet retaining ring. The air delivery retaining ring is detachable and fixed to an extension member one via a pin connection. The powder delivery retaining ring is detachable and fixed to an extension member one via a pin connection. The water chiller inlet retaining ring is detachable and fixed to an extension member one via a pin connection. The water chiller outlet retaining ring is detachable and fixed to an extension member one via a pin connection. The cable tie is fixed to an extension member one via bolts. One end of the powder delivery pipe is fixed to the powder delivery retaining ring via a pipe connector, and the other end is fixed to the powder delivery machine. One end of the air delivery pipe is fixed to the air delivery retaining ring via a pipe connector, and the other end is fixed to the gas cylinder one. On cylinder one, the water inlet clamp of the water chiller is fixed at one end to the water inlet clamp via a pipe connector, and the other end is connected to the water chiller through the housing. The water outlet clamp of the water chiller is fixed at one end to the water outlet clamp via a pipe connector, and the other end is connected to the water chiller through the housing. Cylinder two is connected to the powder feeder via a gas supply pipe for powder feeding. During use, the gas supply clamp, powder feed clamp, water chiller inlet clamp, and water chiller outlet clamp are respectively connected to the gas supply pipe, powder feed pipe, water chiller inlet pipe, and water chiller outlet pipe, and each pipe interface is always kept perpendicular to the ground. The length of the gas supply pipe, powder feed pipe, water chiller inlet pipe, and water chiller outlet pipe is adjusted according to the position and distance through the cable tie in the housing. The length of the cable in the cable tie is adjusted according to the distance of the laser cladding head connector.

[0013] The laser transmission system of this invention includes five reflective mirrors: a first reflective mirror, a second reflective mirror, a third reflective mirror, a fourth reflective mirror, and a fifth reflective mirror. The first and second reflective mirrors are fixed to a linkage rod, the third reflective mirror is fixed to a laser conversion housing, the fourth reflective mirror is fixed to a laser direction conversion component, and the fifth reflective mirror is fixed to a laser cladding head housing. The laser emits laser light, which is fed into the motor housing along with an optical fiber. The light travels through the linkage rod, gear shaft, and linkage rod, and then through the reflective mirrors at a right angle. The optical mirror undergoes total internal reflection, which is reflected to the second reflector mirror, then to the third reflector mirror after passing through the first ball screw base and the laser conversion housing. It then undergoes total internal reflection again, passing through the laser direction conversion component and to the fourth reflector mirror. After another total internal reflection, it passes through the first extension component, the second extension component, the third extension component, the fourth extension component, the laser cladding head base, and the laser cladding head housing, before being reflected to the fifth reflector mirror. Finally, it undergoes total internal reflection again, passing through the laser cladding head connector, and the laser cladding nozzle reaches the surface of the workpiece to be processed.

[0014] The cladding method using a dual-purpose laser cladding device for both inner and outer walls includes the following steps: Step 1: Add the powder required for cladding to the powder feeder, turn on the gas switches of gas cylinder one and gas cylinder two, and start the equipment; Step 2: Move the length feed system to a safe position via the ball screw, move the workpiece to be processed to the processing position with the fixture, and make the center axis of the workpiece coincide with the center axis of the equipment. Step 3: The cladding head connector moves via a ball screw motor, which in turn moves the laser direction conversion component to the same radius as the workpiece to be processed, making the laser cladding nozzle parallel to the processing plane. If processing the inner wall of a shaft-like part, the laser direction conversion component moves upward so that the laser cladding nozzle faces the inner wall of the workpiece; if processing the outer wall of a shaft-like part, the laser direction conversion component moves downward so that the laser cladding nozzle faces the outer wall of the workpiece. During this process, the laser protective roller shutter device 1 and laser protective roller shutter device 2 continuously adjust the extension distance of the roller shutter according to the height of the laser direction conversion component to prevent laser scattering to other components inside the equipment. Through the length adjustment of extension component 1, extension component 2, extension component 3, and extension component 4, the laser cladding head system is moved so that the laser cladding nozzle faces directly above the processing area, ready for welding. Step 4: Water from the chiller is transported from the housing to the chiller inlet ring interface via the chiller inlet pipe. Through the pre-reserved water path in extension component one, the chilled water is transported to the cable tie. The cable tie contains the chiller inlet pipe, which extends to different lengths automatically. The chilled water is then transported through the chiller inlet pipe to the laser cladding head connector interface. Both the laser cladding head connector and the laser cladding head housing have built-in water-cooling pipes. Because a large amount of heat is generated during laser cladding, and the sustained high temperature can cause gear failure within the cladding head, chilled water is used to carry away the heat. Finally, from the laser cladding head connector interface, the water is transported through the chiller outlet pipe to the cable tie. Through the pre-reserved water path in extension component one, the water is transported back to the chiller via the chiller outlet pipe through the housing. Gas from cylinder one is delivered from the housing to the gas delivery ring interface via a gas delivery pipe. Through a pre-reserved gas delivery path in extension component one, the gas is transported to the wire bundler. The wire bundler contains a gas delivery pipe, the extension length of which can be automatically controlled by different distances. The gas is then transported through the gas delivery pipe to the laser cladding head connector interface, and sprayed onto the surface of the workpiece via the laser cladding nozzle. The powder feeder begins heating and stirring. Gas from cylinder two is supplied to the powder feeder. Powder is delivered from the housing to the powder delivery ring interface via a powder delivery pipe. Through a pre-reserved powder delivery path in extension component one, the powder is transported to the wire bundler. The wire bundler contains a powder delivery pipe, the extension length of which can be automatically controlled by different distances. The powder is then transported through the powder delivery pipe to the laser cladding head connector interface, and sprayed onto the surface of the workpiece via the laser cladding nozzle. Step 5: The laser starts working and emits laser light, which is sent into the motor housing along with the optical fiber. It then passes through the linkage rod gear shaft, linkage rod, reflector mirror 1, reflector mirror 2, ball screw base 1, laser conversion housing, reflector mirror 3, laser direction conversion component, reflector mirror 4, extension component 1, extension component 2, extension component 3, extension component 4, laser cladding head base, laser cladding head housing, reflector mirror 5, laser cladding head connector and laser cladding nozzle, finally reaching the surface of the workpiece to be processed. Step 6: The motor inside the motor housing starts to rotate, driving the driving and driven cylindrical gears through the motor linkage shaft. Through spline connection, the linkage rod gear shaft drives the linkage rod and its accessories to perform circular motion, realizing the laser cladding nozzle to perform laser cladding on the inner or outer wall of the shaft part. During the processing, as the laser cladding widens, it moves to the unprocessed area through the cooperation of extension parts one, two, three and four, finally achieving the overall laser cladding of the shaft part. Step 7: When machining the end face of the inner hole of a closed shaft, the cladding head motor drives the cladding head motor gear shaft to rotate through gear engagement. One gear drives the first cladding head gear shaft to move, which in turn drives the laser cladding head base to move through a spline. The other gear drives the third cladding head gear shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the fourth reflector mirror to move. By using different gear transmission ratios, the rotation speed ratio between the laser cladding head base and the fourth reflector mirror is 2:1. This allows a differential gear shaft to be created using a single motor, ensuring that the incident angle of the laser is always equal to the reflection angle when it passes through the fourth reflector mirror. Driven by the cladding head motor, the cladding head swings at a certain angle, allowing it to clad the end face of the inner hole of the closed shaft. Step 8: Move the length feed system to a safe position via the ball screw, remove the workpiece, and turn off the power.

[0015] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: (1). The present invention adopts a method of controlling the relative position distance between the cladding head and the central axis by controlling the ball screw with the linkage rod. Through the cooperation of each system, a single device can laser clad both the inner hole and the outer wall. When processing the outer wall, the workpiece central axis can be made to coincide with the central axis of the device by using a holding device or a triangular chuck. When processing the inner hole, the workpiece can be lifted by a lifting device without a triangular chuck, so that the workpiece central axis coincides with the central axis of the device.

[0016] (2). The present invention adopts the workpiece fixed-laser head follow mode for laser cladding of the wall surface. The core limitation of the current laser head fixed-workpiece follow mode is that it relies on the workpiece to rotate around the axis, which cannot be adapted to non-rotational inner walls. However, the "workpiece fixed-laser head follow" mode can flexibly adapt to complex inner wall shapes through the multi-dimensional movement of the laser head, filling the gap in the processing of non-rotational parts. For ultra-large workpieces weighing more than 10 tons and longer than 10 meters, there is a risk of workpiece deflection and deformation. The "workpiece fixed-laser head follow" mode does not require moving the workpiece, but only uses the laser head to penetrate into the hole for processing, which greatly reduces the equipment load and deformation risk.

[0017] (3). The present invention uses the laser cladding head of the gear pair. The inner hole end face is the key functional area of ​​the component, mainly responsible for sealing, positioning and bearing pressure. Traditional laser cladding cannot process the end face, which makes the end face a weak point in performance. However, the laser cladding technology with processable end face can realize the integrated strengthening of the inner hole and end face, completely eliminating the performance shortcomings. The laser cladding technology with processable end face breaks the processing limitations of traditional processes on the composite structure of inner hole + end face components. It can adapt to complex structures such as end face, expanding the application boundaries of laser cladding. In traditional processes, the end face coating is mostly applied by plasma spraying, welding and other methods. The coating and the substrate are mechanically or semi-metallurgically bonded, which is prone to peeling and high porosity. The laser cladding technology with processable end face can realize the metallurgical bonding between the end face coating and the substrate, and the coating quality is significantly improved.

[0018] In summary, this invention can be widely applied in fields such as welding and joining technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a rear view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the housing in the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the laser generation system and the gas / powder delivery and water cooling system; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circular dust cover, motor housing, and box of the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system, laser protection system, and part of the laser transmission system of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the length feeding system and the air / powder delivery and water cooling system of the present invention; Figure 8 yes Figure 7 AA section view; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of part one of the laser cladding head systems of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of part two of the laser cladding head system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] See Figure 1 , 2 3. A dual-purpose laser cladding device for inner and outer walls, comprising a laser generating system 1, an inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system 2, a length feeding system 3, a laser cladding head system 4, a laser protection system 5, a gas supply, powder supply, and water cooling system 6, and a laser transmission system 7. The laser generating system 1 is fixed to the ground and connected to the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system 2 via optical fiber. The inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system 2 is also fixed to the ground. The length feeding system 3 is connected to the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system 2 via bolts. The laser cladding head system 4 is connected to the length feeding system 3 via bolts. The laser protection system 5 protects the path of the laser in the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system 2 via bolts. The gas cylinder, powder feeder, and water chiller in the gas supply, powder supply, and water cooling system 6 are placed on the ground and connected to the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system 2 via gas supply pipes, powder supply pipes, water chiller inlet pipes, and water chiller outlet pipes. The laser transmission system 7 is fixed to the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system 2, the length feeding system 3, and the laser cladding head system 4 via nuts.

[0021] See Figure 4 The laser generating system 1 has the function of emitting lasers, including a laser 1-1 and an optical fiber 1-2. The laser 1-1 is placed on the ground, and one end of the optical fiber 1-2 is connected to the laser 1-1, while the other end is connected to the housing 2-12.

[0022] See Figure 5 , 6The inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system 2 has the function of controlling the positional relationship of the cladding head relative to the inner or outer wall through circumferential motion, and controlling the specific diameter of the inner or outer wall to be processed by controlling the distance from the cladding head to the center position. It includes a circular dust cover 2-1, a linkage shaft 2-2, a laser conversion housing 2-3, a ball screw base one 2-4, a ball screw base two 2-5, a ball screw motor 2-6, a ball screw 2-7, a bushing 2-8, and a motor linkage shaft 2. -9, Motor 2-10, Motor Housing 2-11, Housing 2-12, Driven Cylindrical Gear 2-13, Driving Cylindrical Gear 2-14, Angular Contact Ball Bearing 2-15, and Linkage Rod Gear Shaft 2-16. The circular dust cover 2-1 has a slot on the housing 2-12 for the length feed system 3 to pass through, preventing dust from the environment from entering the housing. The linkage rod 2-2 is connected to the driven cylindrical gear 2-13 via the linkage rod gear shaft 2-16. The axle 2-16 rotates on the housing 2-12 via an angular contact ball bearing 2-15. Ball screw base 1 2-4 and ball screw base 2-5 are bolted to the linkage 2-2. The ball screw 2-7 is fixed between ball screw base 1 2-4 and ball screw base 2-5. The ball screw motor 2-6 is bolted to ball screw base 2-5. The laser conversion housing 2-3 is bolted to the ball screw... On the lever base 2-4, the bushing 2-8 is fitted on the connecting rod gear shaft 2-16, controlling the distance between the angular contact ball bearing 2-15 and the driven cylindrical gear 2-13. The motor 2-10 is fixed to the motor housing 2-11 by bolts. The motor is connected by a key to transmit power to the driving cylindrical gear 2-14 through the motor linkage shaft 2-9. The driving cylindrical gear 2-14 and the driven cylindrical gear 2-13 form a gear pair, which is used for the circumferential motion transmission structure of the entire device.

[0023] See Figure 7 , 8The length feed system 3 has the function of continuously extending or shortening the extension rod as the processing time progresses, controlling the feed motion during processing. It includes a cladding head connector 3-1, a laser direction converter 3-2, a laser direction converter cover plate 3-3, extension rod one 3-4, extension rod two 3-5, extension rod three 3-6, extension rod four 3-7, extension rod one motor 3-8, extension rod two motor 3-9, and extension rod three motor 3-10. The cladding head connector 3-1 is connected to the ball screw 2-7, the laser direction converter 3-2 is fixed to the cladding head connector 3-1 by bolts, and the laser direction converter cover plate 3-3 is fixed to the laser direction converter 3-2 by bolts. Above, extension component 3-4 is fixed to laser direction conversion component 3-2 by bolts; extension component 3-5 is connected to extension component 3-4 by guide rail and its extension distance is controlled by extension component 1 motor 3-8; extension component 1 motor 3-8 is fixed to extension component 3-4 by bolts; extension component 3-6 is connected to extension component 2 3-5 by guide rail and its extension distance is controlled by extension component 2 motor 3-9; extension component 2 motor 3-9 is fixed to extension component 2 3-5 by bolts; extension component 4 3-7 is connected to extension component 3 3-6 by guide rail and its extension distance is controlled by extension component 3 motor 3-10; extension component 3 motor 3-10 is fixed to extension component 3 3-6 by bolts.

[0024] See Figure 9 , 10The laser cladding head system 4 has the functions of spraying protective gas onto the surface of the molten pool and accurately delivering powder to the laser action area, achieving the effects of protecting the molten pool, reducing porosity, and cleaning the cladding surface. It can also control the oscillation of the cladding head and automatically adjust the internal cladding head's reflector 7-5, achieving automatic angle control through a mechanical structure. It includes a laser cladding nozzle 4-1, a laser cladding head connector 4-2, a laser cladding head housing 4-3, a laser cladding head base 4-4, a three-gear shaft 4-5, a first gear shaft 4-6, a second gear shaft 4-7, a motor gear shaft 4-8, a motor 4-9, a cylindrical roller bearing 4-10, and an angular contact ball bearing 4-11. The laser cladding head 4-1 is threaded onto the laser cladding head connector 4-2, and the laser cladding head connector 4-2 is bolted onto the laser cladding head housing 4-3. The laser cladding head housing 4-3 is connected by gears... The assembly is connected to the laser cladding head base 4-4. The laser cladding head base 4-4 is connected to the extension part 3-7 by bolts. The cladding head gear shaft 4-5 is connected to the laser cladding head housing 4-3 by bearings. The cladding head gear shaft 1 4-6 is connected to the laser cladding head base 4-4 by splines. The cladding head gear shaft 2 4-7 is connected to the reflector 7-5 by splines. The cladding head gear shaft 1 4-6 and the cladding head gear shaft 2 4-7 are connected by cylindrical roller bearings 4-10. The reflector 7-5 is connected to the laser cladding head base 4-4 by angular contact ball bearings 4-11.

[0025] See Figure 6 The laser protection system 5 has the function of protecting the laser emitted from the laser generating system, avoiding disordered laser scattering, preventing it from accidentally hitting other parts of the equipment, so as to avoid damaging the equipment structure, shortening the service life, and ensuring the stable operation of the equipment. The system includes a laser protective baffle 1 (5-1), a laser protective base 5-2, a laser protective baffle 2 (5-3), a laser protective roller shutter device 1 (5-4), and a laser protective roller shutter device 2 (5-5). The laser protective baffle 1 (5-1) is bolted to both sides of the laser conversion housing 2-3 and the laser protective base 5-2. The laser protective base 5-2 is bolted to the ball screw base 2 (2-5). The laser protective baffle 2 (5-3) is bolted to the linkage rod 2-2. The laser protective roller shutter device 1 (5-4) and the laser protective roller shutter device 2 (5-5) are bolted at one end to the laser conversion housing 2-3 and at the other end to the laser direction conversion component 3-2. The laser protective roller shutter device 1 (5-4) and the laser protective roller shutter device 2 (5-5) move up and down with the laser conversion housing 2-3 to control the conveying distance of the roller shutter, thereby preventing laser scattering to other components.

[0026] See Figure 4 , 78. The gas and powder feeding water-cooling system 6 has the function of transporting the gas in the protective gas and the powder in the powder feeder to the cladding head for processing, achieving the effects of protecting the molten pool, reducing porosity, and cleaning the cladding surface. It also reduces the heat inside the cladding head through water cooling, preventing equipment failure due to overheating. It includes a gas feeding retainer 6-1, a powder feeding retainer 6-2, a wire bundler 6-3, a powder feeding pipe 6-4, a gas feeding pipe 6-5, a gas cylinder 1 6-6, a powder feeder 6-7, a gas cylinder 2 6-8, a water chiller 6-9, a water chiller inlet pipe 6-10, a water chiller outlet pipe 6-11, a water chiller inlet retainer 6-12, and a water chiller outlet retainer 6-13. The gas feeding retainer 6-1 is openable and fixed to the extension part 3-4 by a pin connection. The powder feeding retainer 6-2 is openable and fixed to the extension part 3-4 by a pin connection. The water chiller inlet retainer 6-12 is openable. The water chiller outlet retaining ring 6-13 can be opened and is fixed to the extension part 3-4 via a pin connection. The cable tie 6-3 is fixed to the extension part 3-4 via bolts. The powder feeding pipe 6-4 is fixed to the powder feeding retaining ring 6-2 at one end via a pipe connector, and the other end is fixed to the powder feeder 6-7. The air supply pipe 6-5 is fixed to the air supply retaining ring 6-1 at one end via a pipe connector, and the other end is fixed to the gas cylinder 6-6. The water inlet retaining ring 6-12 of the water chiller is fixed to the water inlet retaining ring 6-1 at one end via a pipe connector. 2. One end is connected to the water chiller 6-9 via housing 2-12. The water chiller outlet retaining ring 6-13 is fixed at one end to the water chiller outlet retaining ring 6-13 via a pipe connector, and the other end is connected to the water chiller 6-9 via housing 2-12. Gas cylinder 6-8 is connected to the powder conveyor 6-7 via a gas supply pipe for powder delivery. During use, the gas supply retaining ring 6-1, powder delivery retaining ring 6-2, water chiller inlet retaining ring 6-12, and water chiller outlet retaining ring 6-13 are respectively connected to the gas supply pipe 6-5, powder delivery pipe 6-4, water chiller inlet pipe 6-10, and water chiller outlet pipe. Water pipe 6-11, and each pipe interface is always kept perpendicular to the ground. Through the cable bundler in box 2-12, the lengths of air supply pipe 6-5, powder supply pipe 6-4, water chiller inlet pipe 6-10, and water chiller outlet pipe 6-11 are adjusted according to the position distance. Because the linkage rod 2-2 makes a circular motion, the interfaces of air supply pipe 6-5, powder supply pipe 6-4, water chiller inlet pipe 6-10, and water chiller outlet pipe 6-11 are always kept perpendicular to the ground, which can avoid the problem of tangling. The length of the wire in cable bundler 6-3 is adjusted according to the distance of laser cladding head connector 4-2.

[0027] See Figure 3 , 67, 9, 10: The laser transmission system 7 has the function of transmitting the laser generating system to the cladding head to process the surface of the workpiece. It includes a reflective refractor 7-1, a reflective refractor 7-2, a reflective refractor 7-3, a reflective refractor 7-4, and a reflective refractor 7-5. Reflective refractor 7-1 is fixed to the linkage rod 2-2, reflective refractor 7-2 is fixed to the linkage rod 2-2, reflective refractor 7-3 is fixed to the laser conversion housing 2-3, reflective refractor 7-4 is fixed to the laser direction conversion component 3-2, and reflective refractor 7-5 is fixed to the laser cladding head housing 4-3. The laser 1-1 emits laser light, which is fed into the motor housing 2-11 along with the optical fiber 1-2. The light travels through the linkage rod gear shaft 2-16 and the linkage rod 2-2, passing through the reflective refractor 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 7-4, and 7-5. 1. The right-angle reflector undergoes total internal reflection, reflecting onto the second reflector 7-2, then undergoing total internal reflection again. After passing through the ball screw base 1 2-4 and the laser conversion housing 2-3, it is reflected onto the third reflector 7-3, then undergoes total internal reflection again. After passing through the laser direction conversion component 3-2, it is reflected onto the fourth reflector 7-4, then undergoes total internal reflection again. After passing through the first extension component 3-4, the second extension component 3-5, the third extension component 3-6, the fourth extension component 3-7, the laser cladding head base 4-4, and the laser cladding head housing 4-3, it is reflected onto the fifth reflector 7-5, then undergoes total internal reflection again. After passing through the laser cladding head connector 4-2 and the laser cladding nozzle 4-1, it finally reaches the surface of the workpiece to be processed.

[0028] A cladding method using a dual-purpose laser cladding device for both inner and outer walls includes the following steps: Step 1: Add the powder required for cladding into the powder feeder 6-7, turn on the gas switches of gas cylinder 1 6-6 and gas cylinder 2 6-8, and start the equipment; Step 2: Move the length feed system 3 to a safe position via ball screws 2-7, move the workpiece to be processed to the processing position with the fixture, and make the center axis of the workpiece coincide with the center axis of the equipment. Step 3: The cladding head connector 3-1 moves via the ball screw motor 2-6 driven by the ball screw 2-7, which in turn moves the laser direction conversion component 3-2 to the same radius as the workpiece to be processed, so that the laser cladding nozzle 4-1 is parallel to the processing plane. If processing the inner wall of a shaft-type part, the laser direction conversion component 3-2 moves upward so that the laser cladding nozzle 4-1 faces the inner wall of the workpiece to be processed; if processing the outer wall of a shaft-type part, the laser direction conversion component 3-2 moves downward so that the laser cladding nozzle 4-1 faces the outer wall of the workpiece to be processed. During this process, the laser protective roller shutter device 1 5-4 and the laser protective roller shutter device 2 5-5 continuously adjust the extension distance of the roller shutter according to the height of the laser direction conversion component 3-2 to prevent laser scattering to other parts inside the equipment. Through the length adjustment of the extension component 1 3-4, extension component 2 3-5, extension component 3-6, and extension component 4 3-7, the laser cladding head system 4 is moved so that the laser cladding nozzle 4-1 faces directly above the processing area, ready for welding. Step 4: Water from the water chiller 6-9 is transported from the housing 2-12 to the interface of the water chiller inlet ring 6-12 via the water chiller inlet pipe 6-10. Through the water passage in the extension part 3-4, the chilled water is transported to the cable tie 6-3. The cable tie 6-3 contains the water chiller inlet pipe 6-10, which extends beyond the length of the water chiller inlet pipe 6-10 under different automatic control. The chilled water is then transported through the water chiller inlet pipe 6-10 to the interface of the laser cladding head connector 4-2. The laser cladding head is then connected... Component 4-2 and the laser cladding head housing 4-3 have built-in water-cooling pipes. Because a large amount of heat is generated during laser cladding, and the sustained high temperature can cause gear failure within the cladding head, cold water is used to pass through these pipes to remove the heat. The water is then transported from the interface of the laser cladding head connector 4-2 through the water chiller outlet pipe 6-11 to the cable bundler 6-3. Through the water passage reserved in extension component 3-4, the water is transported back from the water chiller outlet pipe 6-11 through the housing 2-12 to the water chiller 6-9 and gas cylinder 6-6. Gas is delivered from housing 2-12 to the interface of gas delivery ring 6-1 via gas delivery pipe 6-5. Through the pre-reserved gas delivery path in extension part 3-4, the gas is transported to the wire bundler 6-3. The wire bundler 6-3 contains the gas delivery pipe 6-5, and its extension length can be automatically controlled by varying distances. Gas is then transported through gas delivery pipe 6-5 to the interface of laser cladding head connector 4-2, and sprayed onto the surface of the workpiece through the laser cladding nozzle 4-1. Powder feeder 6-7 begins heating and stirring. Bottle 2 6-8 supplies air to powder feeder 6-7. Powder is transported from box 2-12 to the interface of powder feeding ring 6-2 through powder feeding pipe 6-4. Through the powder feeding path reserved in extension part 3-4, the powder is transported to wire bundler 6-3. Wire bundler 6-3 contains powder feeding pipe 6-4. The length of powder feeding pipe 6-4 can be automatically controlled by different distances. Powder is transported through powder feeding pipe 6-4 to the interface of laser cladding head connector 4-2, and sprayed onto the surface of the workpiece to be processed through the laser cladding nozzle 4-1 pipeline. Step 5: Laser 1-1 starts working and emits laser light, which is sent into motor housing 2-11 along with optical fiber 1-2. It then passes through linkage gear shaft 2-16, linkage rod 2-2, reflector 1 7-1, reflector 2 7-2, ball screw base 1 2-4, laser conversion housing 2-3, reflector 3 7-3, laser direction conversion component 3-2, reflector 4 7-4, extension component 1 3-4, extension component 2 3-5, extension component 3-6, extension component 4 3-7, laser cladding head base 4-4, laser cladding head housing 4-3, reflector 5 7-5, laser cladding head connector 4-2, and laser cladding nozzle 4-1, finally reaching the surface of the workpiece to be processed. Step 6: Inside the motor housing 2-11, the motor 2-10 begins to rotate, driving the driving cylindrical gear 2-14 and the driven cylindrical gear 2-13 through the motor linkage shaft 2-9. Through spline connection, the linkage rod gear shaft 2-16 drives the linkage rod 2-2 and its accessories to perform circumferential motion, enabling the laser cladding nozzle 4-1 to perform circumferential motion inside or on the outer wall of the shaft part for laser cladding. During the processing, as the laser cladding widens, it moves towards the unprocessed area through the cooperation of extension parts 1-4, 2-5, 3-6, and 4-7, ultimately achieving laser cladding of the entire shaft part. Step 7: When machining the end face of the inner hole of a closed shaft, the cladding head motor 4-9 drives the cladding head motor gear shaft 4-8 to rotate the cladding head three-gear shaft 4-5 through gear engagement. One gear drives the cladding head gear shaft 4-6 to move, which in turn drives the laser cladding head base 4-4 through a spline. The other gear drives the cladding head three-gear shaft 4-5 to rotate, which in turn drives the reflector mirror 7-4 to move. By using different gear transmission ratios, the rotation speed ratio between the laser cladding head base 4-4 and the reflector mirror 7-4 is 2:1. This allows a differential gear shaft to be created using a single motor, ensuring that the incident angle of the laser is always equal to the reflection angle when it passes through the reflector mirror 7-4. Driven by the cladding head motor 4-9, the cladding head swings at a certain angle, allowing it to continue cladding the end face of the inner hole of the closed shaft. Step 8: Move the length feed system 3 to a safe position via ball screws 2-7, remove the workpiece, turn off the power, wipe the surface of the equipment, and keep the equipment clean.

Claims

1. A laser cladding device suitable for both inner and outer walls, characterized in that: The system includes a laser generation system, an inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system, a length feeding system, a laser cladding head system, a laser protection system, a gas and powder supply and water cooling system, and a laser transmission system. The laser generation system is fixed to the ground and connected to the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system via optical fiber. The length feeding system is connected to the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system via bolts. The laser cladding head system is connected to the length feeding system via bolts. The laser protection system protects the path of the laser from the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system via bolts. The gas cylinders, powder feeder, and water chiller in the gas and powder supply and water cooling system are placed on the ground and connected to the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system via gas supply pipes, powder supply pipes, water chiller inlet pipes, and water chiller outlet pipes. The laser transmission system is fixed to the inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system, the length feeding system, and the laser cladding head system via nuts.

2. The dual-purpose laser cladding device for inner and outer walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser generating system includes a laser and an optical fiber, wherein the laser is placed on the ground, one end of the optical fiber is connected to the laser, and the other end is connected to the housing.

3. The dual-purpose laser cladding device for inner and outer walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner and outer wall diameter control and transmission system includes a circular dust cover, a linkage shaft, a laser conversion housing, a ball screw base one, a ball screw base two, a ball screw motor, a ball screw, a bushing, a motor linkage shaft, a motor, a motor housing, a housing, a driven cylindrical gear, a driving cylindrical gear, an angular contact ball bearing, and a linkage rod gear shaft. The circular dust cover has a slot on the housing for the length feed system to pass through, preventing dust from entering the housing. The linkage rod is connected to the driven cylindrical gear via the linkage rod gear shaft, and the linkage rod gear shaft rotates on the housing using an angular contact ball bearing. The ball screw base one... The ball screw base is fixed to the linkage rod by bolts. The ball screw is fixed between the ball screw base and the ball screw base. The ball screw motor is fixed to the ball screw base by bolts. The laser conversion housing is fixed to the ball screw base by bolts. The bushing is fitted on the linkage gear shaft to control the distance between the angular contact ball bearing and the driven cylindrical gear. The motor is fixed to the motor housing by bolts. The motor uses a key connection to transmit power to the driving cylindrical gear through the motor linkage shaft. The driving cylindrical gear and the driven cylindrical gear form a gear pair for the circumferential motion transmission structure of the entire device.

4. The dual-purpose laser cladding device for inner and outer walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length feeding system includes a cladding head connector, a laser direction conversion component, a laser direction conversion component cover plate, extension component one, extension component two, extension component three, extension component four, a motor for extension component one, a motor for extension component two, and a motor for extension component three. The cladding head connector is connected to a ball screw. The laser direction conversion component is fixed to the cladding head connector with bolts. The laser direction conversion component cover plate is fixed to the laser direction conversion component with bolts. Extension component one is fixed to the laser direction conversion component with bolts. Extension component two is connected to extension component one via a guide rail, and its extension distance is controlled by the motor for extension component one. The motor for extension component one is fixed to extension component one with bolts. Extension component three is connected to extension component two via a guide rail, and its extension distance is controlled by the motor for extension component two. The motor for extension component two is fixed to extension component two with bolts. Extension component four is connected to extension component three via a guide rail, and its extension distance is controlled by the motor for extension component three. The motor for extension component three is fixed to extension component three with bolts.

5. The dual-purpose laser cladding device for inner and outer walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser cladding head system includes a laser cladding nozzle, a laser cladding head connector, a laser cladding head housing, a laser cladding head base, a three-gear shaft for the cladding head, a first gear shaft for the cladding head, a second gear shaft for the cladding head, a gear shaft for the cladding head motor, a cladding head motor, cylindrical roller bearings, and angular contact ball bearings. The laser cladding head is threaded onto the laser cladding head connector, which is bolted onto the laser cladding head housing. The laser cladding head housing is connected to the laser cladding head base via a gear set. The laser cladding head base is bolted to an extension member four. The three-gear shaft for the cladding head is connected to the laser cladding head housing via bearings. The first gear shaft for the cladding head is splined onto the laser cladding head base. The second gear shaft for the cladding head is splined onto a reflector five. The first and second gear shafts are connected via cylindrical roller bearings. The reflector five is connected to the laser cladding head base via angular contact ball bearings.

6. The dual-purpose laser cladding device for inner and outer walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser protection system includes a laser protection baffle one, a laser protection base, a laser protection baffle two, a laser protection roller shutter device one, and a laser protection roller shutter device two. The laser protection baffle one is fixed to both sides of the laser conversion housing and the laser protection base by bolts. The laser protection base is fixed to the ball screw base two by bolts. The laser protection baffle two is fixed to the linkage rod by bolts. The laser protection roller shutter device one and the laser protection roller shutter device two are fixed to the laser conversion housing at one end and to the laser direction conversion component at the other end by bolts. The laser protection roller shutter device one and the laser protection roller shutter device two move up and down with the laser conversion housing to control the conveying distance of the roller shutter, thereby preventing laser scattering to other components.

7. The dual-purpose laser cladding device for inner and outer walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas and powder delivery water-cooling system includes a gas delivery clamp, a powder delivery clamp, a cable tie, a powder delivery pipe, a gas delivery pipe, a gas cylinder one, a powder delivery machine, a gas cylinder two, a water chiller, a water chiller inlet pipe, a water chiller outlet pipe, a water chiller inlet clamp, and a water chiller outlet clamp. The gas delivery clamp is openable and fixed to extension part one via a pin connection. The powder delivery clamp is openable and fixed to extension part one via a pin connection. The water chiller inlet clamp is openable and fixed to extension part one via a pin connection. The water chiller outlet clamp is openable and fixed to extension part one via a pin connection. The cable tie is fixed to extension part one with bolts. One end of the powder delivery pipe is fixed to the powder delivery clamp via a pipe connector, and the other end is fixed to the powder delivery machine. One end of the gas delivery pipe is fixed to the gas delivery clamp via a pipe connector, and the other end is fixed to gas cylinder one. The water inlet clamp ring of the water chiller is fixed to the water inlet clamp ring at one end via a pipe connector, and the other end is connected to the water chiller through the housing. The water outlet clamp ring of the water chiller is fixed to the water outlet clamp ring at one end via a pipe connector, and the other end is connected to the water chiller through the housing. Gas cylinder two is connected to the powder feeder through a gas supply pipe for powder feeding. During use, the gas supply clamp ring, powder feed clamp ring, water inlet clamp ring, and water outlet clamp ring are respectively connected to the gas supply pipe, powder feed pipe, water inlet pipe, and water outlet pipe, and each pipe interface is always kept perpendicular to the ground. The length of the gas supply pipe, powder feed pipe, water inlet pipe, and water outlet pipe is adjusted according to the position and distance through the cable tie in the housing. The length of the cable in the cable tie is adjusted according to the distance of the laser cladding head connector.

8. The dual-purpose laser cladding device for inner and outer walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser transmission system includes five reflective mirrors: one, two, three, four, and five. Reflective mirror one is fixed to a linkage rod; reflective mirror two is fixed to a linkage rod; reflective mirror three is fixed to the laser conversion housing; reflective mirror four is fixed to the laser direction conversion component; and reflective mirror five is fixed to the laser cladding head housing. The laser emits laser light, which is fed into the motor housing along with the optical fiber. The light then travels through the linkage rod, gear shaft, and linkage rod, passing through a right-angle reflector. Total internal reflection occurs, and the light is reflected to the second reflector, then to the third reflector after passing through the first ball screw base and the laser conversion housing. It then undergoes total internal reflection again, passing through the laser direction conversion component and to the fourth reflector. After another total internal reflection, it passes through the first extension component, the second extension component, the third extension component, the fourth extension component, the laser cladding head base, and the laser cladding head housing, finally reflecting to the fifth reflector. Finally, it undergoes total internal reflection again, passing through the laser cladding head connector, and the laser cladding nozzle reaches the surface of the workpiece to be processed.

9. A cladding method using a dual-purpose laser cladding device for inner and outer walls as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Add the powder required for cladding to the powder feeder, turn on the gas switches of gas cylinder one and gas cylinder two, and start the equipment; Step 2: Move the length feed system to a safe position via the ball screw, move the workpiece to be processed to the processing position with the fixture, and make the center axis of the workpiece coincide with the center axis of the equipment. Step 3: The cladding head connector moves via a ball screw motor, which in turn moves the laser direction conversion component to the same radius as the workpiece to be processed, making the laser cladding nozzle parallel to the processing plane. If processing the inner wall of a shaft-like part, the laser direction conversion component moves upward so that the laser cladding nozzle faces the inner wall of the workpiece; if processing the outer wall of a shaft-like part, the laser direction conversion component moves downward so that the laser cladding nozzle faces the outer wall of the workpiece. During this process, the laser protective roller shutter device 1 and laser protective roller shutter device 2 continuously adjust the extension distance of the roller shutter according to the height of the laser direction conversion component to prevent laser scattering to other components inside the equipment. Through the length adjustment of extension component 1, extension component 2, extension component 3, and extension component 4, the laser cladding head system is moved so that the laser cladding nozzle faces directly above the processing area, ready for welding. Step 4: Water from the chiller is transported from the housing to the chiller inlet ring interface via the chiller inlet pipe. Through the pre-reserved water path in extension component one, the chilled water is transported to the cable tie. The cable tie contains the chiller inlet pipe, which extends to different lengths automatically. The chilled water is then transported through the chiller inlet pipe to the laser cladding head connector interface. Both the laser cladding head connector and the laser cladding head housing have built-in water-cooling pipes. Because a large amount of heat is generated during laser cladding, and the sustained high temperature can cause gear failure within the cladding head, chilled water is used to carry away the heat. Finally, from the laser cladding head connector interface, the water is transported through the chiller outlet pipe to the cable tie. Through the pre-reserved water path in extension component one, the water is transported back to the chiller via the chiller outlet pipe through the housing. Gas from cylinder one is delivered from the housing to the gas delivery ring interface via a gas delivery pipe. Through a pre-reserved gas delivery path in extension component one, the gas is transported to the wire bundler. The wire bundler contains a gas delivery pipe, the extension length of which can be automatically controlled by different distances. The gas is then transported through the gas delivery pipe to the laser cladding head connector interface, and sprayed onto the surface of the workpiece via the laser cladding nozzle. The powder feeder begins heating and stirring. Gas from cylinder two is supplied to the powder feeder. Powder is delivered from the housing to the powder delivery ring interface via a powder delivery pipe. Through a pre-reserved powder delivery path in extension component one, the powder is transported to the wire bundler. The wire bundler contains a powder delivery pipe, the extension length of which can be automatically controlled by different distances. The powder is then transported through the powder delivery pipe to the laser cladding head connector interface, and sprayed onto the surface of the workpiece via the laser cladding nozzle. Step 5: The laser starts working and emits laser light, which is sent into the motor housing along with the optical fiber. It then passes through the linkage rod gear shaft, linkage rod, reflector mirror 1, reflector mirror 2, ball screw base 1, laser conversion housing, reflector mirror 3, laser direction conversion component, reflector mirror 4, extension component 1, extension component 2, extension component 3, extension component 4, laser cladding head base, laser cladding head housing, reflector mirror 5, laser cladding head connector and laser cladding nozzle, finally reaching the surface of the workpiece to be processed. Step 6: The motor inside the motor housing starts to rotate, driving the driving and driven cylindrical gears through the motor linkage shaft. Through spline connection, the linkage rod gear shaft drives the linkage rod and its accessories to perform circular motion, realizing the laser cladding nozzle to perform laser cladding on the inner or outer wall of the shaft part. During the processing, as the laser cladding widens, it moves to the unprocessed area through the cooperation of extension parts one, two, three and four, finally achieving the overall laser cladding of the shaft part. Step 7: When machining the end face of the inner hole of a closed shaft, the cladding head motor drives the cladding head motor gear shaft to rotate through gear engagement. One gear drives the first cladding head gear shaft to move, which in turn drives the laser cladding head base to move through a spline. The other gear drives the third cladding head gear shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the fourth reflector mirror to move. By using different gear transmission ratios, the rotation speed ratio between the laser cladding head base and the fourth reflector mirror is 2:

1. This allows a differential gear shaft to be created using a single motor, ensuring that the incident angle of the laser is always equal to the reflection angle when it passes through the fourth reflector mirror. Driven by the cladding head motor, the cladding head swings at a certain angle, allowing it to clad the end face of the inner hole of the closed shaft. Step 8: Move the length feed system to a safe position via the ball screw, remove the workpiece, and turn off the power.

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