Moisture power generation fiber and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a moisture power generation fiber as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The moisture power generation fiber is formed by alternately arranging first areas and second areas along a fiber axis in a spiral form, the first region comprises a cationic polyelectrolyte and an electrode; the second region comprises an anionic polyelectrolyte and the electrode; the cross section of the moisture power generation fiber is a special-shaped cross section. According to the scheme, high-power output of the fiber-based moisture power generation material can be realized through dynamic regulation and control of fiber components and morphological structures in different areas.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of intelligent materials, in particular to the technical field of flexible power generation devices, and particularly relates to a moisture power generation fiber and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of wearable devices, Internet of Things and other technologies, the demand for small and sustainable power supply is increasing. Traditional chemical batteries, as the current main energy supply method, gradually expose the shortcomings of poor wearability, insufficient endurance, short service life and the like. In order to solve the problems brought by traditional chemical batteries, piezoelectric, triboelectric, thermoelectric, moisture power generation and other new energy conversion technologies emerge as the times require. Among them, the moisture power generation technology can convert the ubiquitous moisture in the environment into electrical energy without additional mechanical movement and thermal stimulation, and has broad application prospects in energy harvesting and multifunctional self-powered sensing.

[0003] Current moisture power generation materials are mainly two-dimensional films and three-dimensional bulk structures. If they are integrated on a large scale into fabric clothing, there will be problems such as poor wearing comfort and inability to be washed. Fiber-based moisture power generators become an ideal power source for wearable devices due to their flexibility and weavability.

[0004] However, most of the existing fiber-based power generation devices use ordinary round single-component fibers, which restrict their high-power output. Moreover, the limited specific surface area limits the contact area between the fiber and the moisture, weakening the interaction between the fiber and the water molecules. The chemical properties of single-component materials determine that the types and quantities of migratable ions are limited, the charge accumulation speed is slow, and it is difficult to generate sufficient voltage and current in a short time, thereby failing to meet the demand for high-power output. In addition, the existing fibers are mostly static structures and cannot respond to environmental changes to actively improve performance.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a moisture power generation fiber and a preparation method and application thereof. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application provides a moisture power generation fiber and a preparation method and application thereof, which can realize high-power output of fiber-based moisture power generation materials through dynamic regulation of fiber components and morphological structures in different regions.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a moisture power generation fiber, which is composed of a first region and a second region arranged alternately in a spiral form along the fiber axis; the first region comprises a cationic polyelectrolyte and an electrode; the second region comprises an anionic polyelectrolyte and the electrode; and the cross section of the moisture power generation fiber is a special-shaped cross section.

[0008] Preferably, the cationic polyelectrolyte comprises at least one of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, polyethyleneimine, polyallylamine.

[0009] More preferably, the cationic polyelectrolyte is polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride.

[0010] Preferably, the anionic polyelectrolyte comprises at least one of polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate.

[0011] More preferably, the anionic polyelectrolyte is polystyrene sulfonic acid.

[0012] Preferably, the first region and the second region further comprise an additive; the additive comprises lithium chloride, sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

[0013] More preferably, the additive is used in an amount of 5wt%-10wt% of the total mass of the first region or the second region.

[0014] Preferably, the helix angle of the first region and the second region is 15°-45°; the ratio of the helix period length to the outer diameter of the moisture power generation fiber is (2-5):(1.5-2).

[0015] More preferably, the helix angle of the first region and the second region is 25°-35°.

[0016] Preferably, the electrode is a metal wire or a carbon-based material rod.

[0017] More preferably, the diameter of the electrode is 80-150μm.

[0018] Preferably, the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter of the moisture power generation fiber is (0.75-0.9):1.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a preparation method of the moisture power generation fiber of the first aspect, comprising: (1) mixing a cationic polyelectrolyte into deionized water to obtain a first spinning solution; mixing an anionic polyelectrolyte into deionized water to obtain a second spinning solution; (2) injecting the first spinning solution and the second spinning solution into adjacent channels of a spiral flow channel respectively, and introducing an electrode into each channel, and then obtaining an initial fiber by spinning; wherein the cross section of the spiral flow channel is a special-shaped cross section; (3) heat treating the initial fiber to obtain the moisture power generation fiber.

[0020] Preferably, the mass fraction of the first spinning solution is 5wt%-10wt%; the mass fraction of the second spinning solution is 5wt%-10wt%.

[0021] Preferably, in step (2), the relative humidity of the spinning is 30%-35%, and the temperature is 25-30℃. The flow rates of the flow channels in the spiral flow channel are the same.

[0022] Preferably, in step (3), the temperature of the heat treatment is 50-60℃, and the time is 1-2h.

[0023] In a third aspect, the application further provides an application of the humidity power generation fiber of the first aspect, which is integrated and used as a humidity sensor or a humidity power generation device.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the application has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) The humidity power generation fiber has both humidity power generation and intelligent stimulation response characteristics. After the humidity power generation fiber adsorbs environmental humidity, the cationic polyelectrolyte will dissociate to release free anions (such as Cl - , OH - ), the anionic polyelectrolyte will dissociate to release free cations (such as H + , Na + ), and because the cations and anions are located in two different regions, an ion concentration gradient driving the directional migration of charges is formed, thereby converting environmental humidity into electrical energy. The introduced spiral structure prolongs the active interface length per unit length, enhances the ion migration efficiency, and thus improves the power generation performance. Moreover, the cross section of the humidity power generation fiber is a special cross section, not a circular shape, thereby increasing the specific surface area of the fiber and enhancing the contact area of the fiber with humidity, which is conducive to improving the output power. At the same time, the polyelectrolyte material as a stimulus-responsive hydrogel is highly sensitive to environmental humidity, and can reversibly change its volume and mechanical state by absorbing or releasing water molecules, not only stretching the microstructure of the polyelectrolyte material to form more efficient ion transport channels, but also increasing the specific surface area of the cross section and improving the power generation capacity.

[0025] (2) The humidity power generation fiber provided by the application increases the contact area of the fiber with humidity through the synergistic effect of the dynamic special cross section and the spiral structure, improves the humidity adsorption efficiency, and realizes a stepwise improvement in the humidity power generation performance. Moreover, the humidity power generation fiber can automatically adjust its morphological structure according to environmental humidity and provide higher power output when needed, and has intelligent response characteristics.

[0026] (3) This invention achieves one-time molding of wet power generation fibers through microfluidic technology, cleverly integrating electrode preparation into the process, simplifying the production process, and making the electrode and polyelectrolyte material bond more tightly and stably. At the same time, the composition and morphological structure of the wet power generation fibers can be precisely controlled through the preparation process, thereby achieving optimization and customization of the performance of wet power generation devices. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a moisture-generating fiber provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the moisture-generating fiber provided in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the moisture-generating fiber provided in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the moisture-generating fiber provided in Comparative Example 3 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the expansion deformation of a moisture-generating fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention; Reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-electrode; 2-first region; 3-second region; 4-electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The following describes the specific implementation of the concept in this application.

[0031] This invention provides a moisture-generating fiber, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the moisture-generating fiber is composed of a first region and a second region arranged alternately in a spiral along the fiber axis; the first region includes a cationic polyelectrolyte and an electrode; the second region includes anionic polyelectrolyte and an electrode; the cross-section of the moisture-generating fiber is an irregular cross-section. Figure 1The illustrated special cross-section is petal-shaped.

[0032] The moisture power generation fiber of the present application has both moisture power generation and intelligent stimulus response characteristics. After the moisture power generation fiber absorbs ambient moisture, the cationic polyelectrolyte will dissociate to release free anions (such as Cl - 、OH - ), the anionic polyelectrolyte will dissociate to release free cations (such as H + 、Na + ), and because the cations and anions are located in two different regions, an ion concentration gradient driving the directional migration of charges is formed, thereby converting ambient moisture into electrical energy. The introduced spiral structure lengthens the active interface length per unit length, enhances the ion migration efficiency, and thus improves the power generation performance. Moreover, the cross-section of the moisture power generation fiber of the present application is a special cross-section, not a circular shape, thereby increasing the specific surface area of the fiber, enhancing the contact area of the fiber with moisture, and being conducive to improving the output power.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the anionic polyelectrolyte includes at least one of polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, carboxymethyl cellulose, and sodium alginate.

[0034] It should be noted that at least one is any one or any mixture of several in any proportion.

[0035] In a more preferred embodiment, the anionic polyelectrolyte is polystyrene sulfonic acid.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the cationic polyelectrolyte includes at least one of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, polyethyleneimine, and polyallylamine.

[0037] In a more preferred embodiment, the cationic polyelectrolyte is polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride.

[0038] In the present application, both the cationic polyelectrolyte and the anionic polyelectrolyte are stimulus-responsive hydrogels, and their polymer network structure is highly sensitive to environmental humidity, and can reversibly change its volume and mechanical state by absorbing or releasing water molecules. Under a high humidity environment, the network structure of the moisture power generation fiber swells by absorbing water, which provides the core driving force for the dynamic deformation of the cross-section. During the swelling deformation process, not only the internal microstructure of the polyelectrolyte material is stretched to form more efficient ion transport channels, but also the specific surface area of the cross-section is increased to improve the power generation capacity. In this way, both the moisture power generation and the swelling deformation processes are triggered by moisture, and this intrinsic coupling mechanism makes the moisture power generation fiber a truly intelligent system.

[0039] Further, considering that the material with excessive swelling capacity will affect the ion diffusion path, the cationic polyelectrolyte and the anionic polyelectrolyte are further limited in swelling capacity, so as to avoid the excessive swelling capacity affecting the ion diffusion path and reducing the output power.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the first region and the second region further comprise an additive; the additive comprises lithium chloride, sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

[0041] In a more preferred embodiment, the additive is used in an amount of 5wt% to 10wt% of the total mass of the first region or the second region (for example, can be 5wt%, 5.5wt%, 6wt%, 6.5wt%, 7wt%, 7.5wt%, 8wt%, 8.5wt%, 9wt%, 9.5wt% or 10wt%).

[0042] It should be noted that in the first region, the additive is used in an amount of 5wt% to 10wt% of the total mass of the first region; in the second region, the additive is used in an amount of 5wt% to 10wt% of the total mass of the second region. The total mass here does not include the mass of the electrode, i.e. the total mass is the sum of the mass of the additive and the polyelectrolyte in each region.

[0043] In the present application, the ion conductivity of each region is further improved by introducing the additive. It has been proved by experiments that if the amount of the additive is less than 5wt%, the improvement of the ion conductivity of the material in each region is not obvious; if the amount of the additive is more than 10wt%, the additive will appear salt aggregation in each region.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter of the moisture power generation fiber is (0.75-0.9):1 (for example, can be 0.75:1, 0.78:1, 0.8:1, 0.82:1, 0.85:1, 0.88:1 or 0.9:1).

[0045] It should be noted that the cross section is a special cross section, for example, a petal shape or an irregular polygon, etc. Preferably, the cross section of the moisture power generation fiber has a plurality of grooves, for example, a petal shape. The inner diameter of the moisture power generation fiber is the shortest diameter, and the outer diameter is the longest diameter.

[0046] In the present application, while ensuring that the special cross section can increase the specific surface area of the fiber, since the swelling and deformation of the moisture power generation fiber will further cause the specific surface area to change, in order to avoid the difference between the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the fiber before and after swelling and deformation being too large to cause poor fiber form stability, and to avoid the difference between the inner diameter and the outer diameter before and after swelling and deformation being too small to cause the cross section shape to be irregular and too close to a circle, the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter of the moisture power generation fiber is limited to (0.75-0.9):1.

[0047] In this invention, the cross-sectional shape of the moisture-generating fiber can undergo reversible macroscopic deformation in response to changes in ambient humidity. Compared to a circular cross-section, the irregular polygonal cross-section increases the specific surface area, which is beneficial for improving power generation performance.

[0048] In low-humidity environments, the fiber cross-section maintains a gently sloping, slightly irregular structure. When the ambient humidity rises and exceeds a critical value, the moisture-generating fiber expands under the stimulation of moisture. The initial slightly irregular cross-section acts as a pre-defined geometric guide structure during this process, ensuring that, under critical conditions, the entire cross-section does not randomly twist, but rather collaboratively and predictably enlarges its profile along the energy-optimal path, forming a strongly irregular structure. This causes a non-linear increase in the fiber's effective specific surface area, thereby improving the moisture-based power generation capability. Furthermore, as the ambient humidity decreases, the highly swollen moisture-generating fiber dehydrates and shrinks. The fiber's own elastic restoring force drives the cross-section to collaboratively return to its initial slightly irregular state along the original path, completing a reversible cycle.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the helical angle of the first region and the second region is 15°~45° (e.g., it can be 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40° or 45°); the ratio of the helical period length to the outer diameter of the moisture-generating fiber is (2~5):(1.5~2).

[0050] It should be noted that, for example, if the spiral period length is 2~5mm (for example, it can be 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm or 5mm), then the corresponding outer diameter of the moisture-generating fiber is 1.5~2mm (for example, it can be 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm or 2mm).

[0051] In a more preferred embodiment, the helical angle between the first region and the second region is 25° to 35° (e.g., it can be 25°, 26°, 27°, 28°, 29°, 30°, 31°, 32°, 33°, 34° or 35°).

[0052] Furthermore, since the two regions use different polyelectrolyte materials, the degree of swelling caused by their difference in moisture absorption and swelling is different, which will lead to an imbalance after the traditional cylindrical fiber swells. However, the spiral structure adopted in this invention avoids this problem, so that the moisture-generating fiber can maintain balance before and after swelling.

[0053] In this invention, by limiting the ratio of the helical angle, the helical period length, and the outer diameter of the wet power generation fiber, it is possible to ensure that the wet power generation fiber increases the types and quantities of migrateable ions and extends the active interface length per unit length, thereby enhancing the ion migration efficiency and improving the power generation capacity of the wet power generation fiber; at the same time, it does not increase the difficulty of preparation.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the electrode is a metal wire or a carbon-based material rod. For example, it can be a zinc wire, copper wire, aluminum wire, platinum wire, graphene rod, etc.

[0055] In a more preferred embodiment, the diameter of the electrode is 80~150μm (e.g., it can be 80μm, 85μm, 90μm, 95μm, 100μm, 110μm, 120μm, 130μm, 140μm or 150μm).

[0056] In this invention, electrodes are integrated into corresponding positions inside the moisture-generating fiber, possessing good conductivity and effectively collecting charge, ensuring that the charge can be effectively transferred to the external circuit.

[0057] This invention also provides a method for preparing moisture-generating fibers, comprising: (1) Add cationic polyelectrolyte to deionized water and mix well to obtain the first spinning solution; add anionic polyelectrolyte to deionized water and mix well to obtain the second spinning solution; (2) The first spinning solution and the second spinning solution are injected into the adjacent channels of the spiral flow channel respectively, and the electrodes are introduced into each channel. Then the initial fiber is obtained by spinning. The cross-section of the spiral flow channel is an irregular polygon. (3) Heat treatment is performed on the initial fibers to obtain moisture-generating fibers.

[0058] In this invention, moisture-generating fibers are preferably prepared using multi-channel microfluidic spinning technology. The microfluidic chip needs to be designed as a helical flow channel with an irregular cross-section. The cross-sectional shape and size are designed as needed to achieve precise control over the flow and recombination of the first spinning solution, the second spinning solution, and the two electrodes, thereby preparing moisture-generating fibers with a helical structure and an irregular polygonal cross-section. This method simplifies the production process, results in a tighter and more stable bond between the electrodes and the polyelectrolyte material, and allows for precise control over the fiber composition and morphology through the fabrication process, thus enabling optimization and customization of the performance of moisture-generating devices.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the mass fraction of the first spinning solution is 5wt% to 10wt%; the mass fraction of the second spinning solution is 5wt% to 10wt%.

[0060] 5wt%~10wt% refers to any value between 5wt% and 10wt%, for example, it can be 5wt%, 5.5wt%, 6wt%, 6.5wt%, 7wt%, 7.5wt%, 8wt%, 8.5wt%, 9wt%, 9.5wt% or 10wt%, etc.

[0061] Specifically, the first spinning solution can also be composed of a cationic polyelectrolyte, an additive and deionized water, and the mass fraction of solute in the first spinning solution is 5wt%~10wt%; the second spinning solution can also be composed of an anionic polyelectrolyte, an additive and deionized water, and the mass fraction of solute in the second spinning solution is 5wt%~10wt%.

[0062] In the present application, no matter the first spinning solution or the second spinning solution, experiments have proved that if the mass fraction of solute is less than 5wt%, the concentration is too low to result in poor power generation performance of the moisture power generation fiber and low mechanical strength; but if the mass fraction of solute is higher than 10wt%, the concentration is too high to increase the spinning difficulty, and the too dense polymer network will hinder the migration of dissociated ions, thereby affecting the power generation performance of the fiber.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, in step (2): the relative humidity of spinning is 30%~35% (for example, it can be 30%, 32%, 33% or 35%), and the temperature is 25~30℃ (for example, it can be 25℃, 26℃, 28℃, 29℃ or 30℃). The flow rates of each flow channel in the spiral flow channel are the same.

[0064] In the present application, by controlling the temperature and humidity environment of spinning, the quality and stability of the moisture power generation fiber can be ensured.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, in step (3): the temperature of heat treatment is 50~60℃ (for example, it can be 50℃, 52℃, 54℃, 56℃, 58℃ or 60℃), and the time is 1~2h.

[0066] In the present application, by heat treating the initial fiber obtained by spinning, the mechanical properties and stability of the fiber can be further improved.

[0067] The present application also provides an application of the moisture power generation fiber, which is integrated and used as a humidity sensor or a moisture power generation device.

[0068] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages of the present application, the following will describe in detail a moisture power generation fiber and its preparation method and application through several embodiments.

[0069] Embodiment 1 AsFigure 1 The moisture power generation fiber shown is composed of first regions and second regions arranged alternately in a spiral form along the fiber axis; the first regions include polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride and zinc wire; the second regions include polystyrene sulfonic acid and zinc wire; the moisture power generation fiber has a petal-shaped cross section, the outer diameter of the fiber is 1.5 mm, the inner diameter is 1.3 mm; the spiral angle is 30°, and the spiral period length is 3 mm. The first regions and the second regions each account for 50% of the moisture power generation fiber.

[0070] A preparation method of a moisture power generation fiber, comprising: (1) polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride is added to deionized water, stirred at a stirring speed of 400 rpm at room temperature (25°C) for 4 h until completely dissolved, to prepare a uniform solution with a mass fraction of 5wt%, i.e. a first spinning solution; polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride is added to deionized water, stirred at a stirring speed of 400 rpm at room temperature (25°C) for 4 h until completely dissolved, to prepare a uniform solution with a mass fraction of 5wt%, i.e. a first spinning solution; (2) zinc wire with a diameter of 80 μm is selected as the electrode, the surface of the zinc wire is polished with sandpaper to remove the surface oxide layer, then the zinc wire is ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 5 minutes, and finally the zinc wire is rinsed with deionized water and dried for standby use. The first spinning solution and the second spinning solution are respectively injected into adjacent channels of a customized spiral flow channel, and the treated zinc wire is introduced into each channel, then spinning is performed in an environment with a relative humidity of 30% and a temperature of 25°C, the rotating drum is rotated at a speed of 20 rpm, and an initial fiber is collected; wherein the cross section of the spiral flow channel is petal-shaped, the outer diameter of the petal is 1.5 mm and the inner diameter is 1.3 mm; the spiral angle is 30°, and the spiral period length is 3 mm; the flow rates of the two channels are the same, both being 10 mL / h; (3) the collected initial fiber is placed in a vacuum oven and heat treated at 60°C for 1 h to obtain a moisture power generation fiber.

[0071] Example 2 Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the first spinning solution and the second spinning solution further include an additive.

[0072] Specifically, (1) polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride and lithium chloride with a mass ratio of 95:5 are added to deionized water, stirred at a stirring speed of 400 rpm at room temperature (25°C) for 4 h until completely dissolved, to prepare a uniform solution with a mass fraction of 5wt%, i.e. a first spinning solution; A mixture of polystyrene sulfonic acid and lithium chloride with a mass ratio of 95:5 was added to deionized water, stirred at room temperature (25°C) at a stirring speed of 300 rpm for 4 h until completely dissolved, to prepare a uniform solution with a mass fraction of 5 wt%, namely the second spinning solution.

[0073] Example 3 Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the first spinning solution and the second spinning solution further comprise an additive.

[0074] Specifically, (1) a mixture of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride and lithium chloride with a mass ratio of 90:10 was added to deionized water, stirred at room temperature (25°C) at a stirring speed of 400 rpm for 4 h until completely dissolved, to prepare a uniform solution with a mass fraction of 5 wt%, namely the first spinning solution; A mixture of polystyrene sulfonic acid and lithium chloride with a mass ratio of 90:10 was added to deionized water, stirred at room temperature (25°C) at a stirring speed of 300 rpm for 4 h until completely dissolved, to prepare a uniform solution with a mass fraction of 5 wt%, namely the second spinning solution.

[0075] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the humidity power generation fiber as shown in Figure 2 does not have a spiral structure.

[0076] Specifically, the humidity power generation fiber is composed of a first region and a second region symmetrically along the fiber axis; the first region comprises polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride and zinc wire; the second region comprises polystyrene sulfonic acid and zinc wire; the cross section of the humidity power generation fiber is petal-shaped, the outer diameter of the fiber is 1.5 mm, and the inner diameter is 1.3 mm.

[0077] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the humidity power generation fiber as shown in Figure 3 does not have a special cross section.

[0078] Specifically, the humidity power generation fiber is composed of a first region and a second region alternately arranged in a spiral form along the fiber axis; the first region comprises polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride and zinc wire; the second region comprises polystyrene sulfonic acid and zinc wire; the cross section of the humidity power generation fiber is circular, the diameter of the fiber is 1.5 mm, the spiral angle is 30°, and the spiral period length is 3 mm.

[0079] Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the humidity power generation fiber as shown in Figure 4 is composed of a single region.

[0080] Specifically, the moisture-generating fiber is composed of a first region and a second region symmetrically arranged along the fiber axis; both the first and second regions include polystyrene sulfonic acid and zinc wire; the cross-section of the moisture-generating fiber is petal-shaped, the outer diameter of the fiber is 1.5 mm, the inner diameter is 1.3 mm, the helical angle is 30°, and the helical period length is 3 mm.

[0081] Application: The moisture-generating fiber sample prepared in Example 1 was placed in a controlled humidity environment, and its dynamic deformation characteristics and power generation performance were verified using a real-time observation system. As the relative humidity of the environment increased from 30% to 90%, the cross-section of the fiber sample exhibited obvious dynamic deformation characteristics. Initially (30% RH), the fiber cross-section showed shallow corrugations; as the humidity increased to 60% RH, the corrugation depth increased; when the humidity reached 80% RH, a complete petal-shaped structure was formed, such as... Figure 5 As shown (left image: fiber cross-section in initial state; right image: fiber cross-section at 80% RH), the deformation process exhibits good reversibility. When the RH decreases from 80% to 30%, the cross-sectional deformation recovers along the original path, with a recovery time of 32 ± 4 seconds. Electrical output was monitored simultaneously during the deformation process. The results showed that in the 30% RH to 60% RH range, the output voltage slowly increased from 0.15V to 0.45V; at the critical RH of 60% RH, the output voltage showed a significant jump, rising from 0.45V to 1.05V within 2 minutes; and in the 80% RH to 90% RH range, the output voltage stabilized at 1.2 to 1.3V after 2 hours of testing. These experimental data fully demonstrate the synergistic effect of dynamic deformation and improved power generation performance.

[0082] The fiber samples prepared in Examples 2 and 3, and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, were placed in a specific environment with a relative humidity of 80% to test the open-circuit voltage of each fiber sample for 2 hours. The test results were as follows: the open-circuit voltage output by Example 2 was 1.4V, the open-circuit voltage output by Example 3 was 1.5V, the open-circuit voltage output by Comparative Example 1 was 1.0V, the open-circuit voltage output by Comparative Example 2 was 0.6V, and the open-circuit voltage output by Comparative Example 3 was 0.8V. The experimental results show that the open-circuit voltage of the Janus spiral fiber with dynamic irregular cross-section prepared by this invention is greater than that of the fiber samples in the comparative examples, exhibiting the best wet gas power generation performance.

[0083] Through examples and comparative examples, it can be further determined that the synergistic effect of the dynamic irregular cross-section and the helical structure in two regions increases the contact area between the fiber and moisture, improves the moisture adsorption efficiency, and achieves a leapfrog improvement in moisture power generation performance. The fiber can automatically adjust its morphology and structure according to the ambient humidity, providing higher power output when needed, and possesses intelligent response characteristics. Thus, by weaving this moisture power generation fiber, it is possible to integrate it into a moisture power generation device or humidity sensor with high output power.

[0084] It should be noted that the relationship terms, such as first and second, are used only to differentiate one entity or action from another entity or action, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "include", "contain" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such a process, method, article or device. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement "includes a" does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0085] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limited thereto; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A moisture power-generating fiber, characterized by, The moisture power generation fiber comprises a first region and a second region arranged alternately along the fiber axis in a spiral form; the first region comprises a cationic polyelectrolyte and an electrode; the second region comprises an anionic polyelectrolyte and the electrode; the moisture power generation fiber has a special cross section. The cationic polyelectrolyte comprises at least one of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, polyethyleneimine and polyallylamine, preferably polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride; and / or, 2. The moisture power generating fiber according to claim 1, characterized by, The anionic polyelectrolyte comprises at least one of polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate; preferably polystyrene sulfonic acid. The first region and the second region further comprise an additive; the additive comprises lithium chloride, sodium chloride or potassium chloride; preferably, the additive is used in an amount of 5wt%-10wt% of the total mass of the first region or the second region.

3. The moisture power generating fiber according to claim 1, wherein, The spiral angle of the first region and the second region is 15°-45°, preferably 25°-35°; the ratio of the spiral period length to the outer diameter of the moisture power generation fiber is (2-5):(1.5-2).

4. The moisture power generating fiber according to claim 1, wherein, The electrode is a metal wire or a carbon-based material rod; preferably, the diameter of the electrode is 80-150μm; and / or, 5. The wet-gas power generating fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter of the moisture power generation fiber is (0.75-0.9):

1. The moisture power generation fiber comprises a first region and a second region arranged alternately along the fiber axis in a spiral form; the first region comprises a cationic polyelectrolyte and an electrode; the second region comprises an anionic polyelectrolyte and the electrode; the moisture power generation fiber has a special cross section.

6. A method for producing the wet power generating fiber as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by, The first spinning solution and the second spinning solution are respectively injected into adjacent channels of a spiral flow channel, and an electrode is introduced into each channel, and then an initial fiber is obtained by spinning; wherein the cross section of the spiral flow channel is a special cross section. The first spinning solution has a mass fraction of 5wt%-10wt%; the second spinning solution has a mass fraction of 5wt%-10wt%. In step (2): The relative humidity of the spinning is 30%-35%, and the temperature is 25-30℃; The flow rates of the channels in the spiral flow channel are the same.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (3):

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The temperature of the heat treatment is 50-60℃, and the time is 1-2h. The moisture power generation fiber is integrated and used as a humidity sensor or a moisture power generation device. ​ 9. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, ​ ​ 10. Use of a moisture power generating fiber as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, ​

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