Weaving method of high-strength glass fiber unidirectional cloth

Abstract

According to the weaving method of the high-strength glass fiber unidirectional cloth, warp yarns are high-strength glass fiber untwisted endless tows, and weft yarns are high-strength glass fiber twisted spun yarns of which the surfaces are sprayed with hot melt adhesives. The warp yarns and the weft yarns are interwoven, the structure is stable after hot melt adhesive bonding, the warp yarns are not prone to slipping, overall arrangement is neat, distribution is uniform, and the tensile strength is improved. The warp-wise tensile breaking strength of the high-strength glass fiber unidirectional cloth is tested, the average value of the test values is improved, and the single value distribution is uniform. In the winding process, the quality problem that the cloth cover inclines due to the fact that the structure is unstable and winding tension is large is solved. Through reasonable process parameters, the situation that the warp yarn and the weft yarn cannot be well bonded together due to the fact that the hot melt adhesive is excessively melted or not completely melted is avoided. By adopting a new process, the appearance qualification rate of the high-strength glass fiber unidirectional cloth is increased to 98% or above from the original 83%. The warp-direction tensile breaking strength is improved by 20% or above, the appearance qualification rate is improved to 98% or above from the original 83%, and the high application and popularization value is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of glass fiber cloth technology, specifically a method for weaving high-strength unidirectional glass fiber cloth. Background Technology

[0002] Glass fiber is an inorganic fiber that, compared to organic fibers, possesses superior characteristics such as high temperature resistance, non-flammability, corrosion resistance, heat insulation, high tensile strength, and good electrical insulation. It is widely used in aerospace, shipbuilding, and automotive industries. High-strength glass fiber, a type of glass fiber, has higher tensile strength than other glass fibers and is an indispensable material in the aerospace field. It is used to manufacture components such as aircraft and spacecraft shells, wings, tail fins, and vertical tail fins. Compared to metallic materials, high-strength glass fiber is lighter, has higher tensile strength and impact resistance, and can improve load-bearing capacity and flight speed. With continuous technological advancements, the applications of high-strength glass fiber will continue to expand.

[0003] High-strength fiberglass cloth is a type of fiberglass product. Its main mechanical properties during application are determined by two directions: warp and weft. Under normal circumstances, the mechanical properties of the warp and weft directions are designed to be essentially the same. However, in specific applications, extremely high warp tensile strength is required for the high-strength fiberglass cloth, while the weft tensile strength must be almost zero. Therefore, a unidirectional high-strength fiberglass cloth needs to be designed to meet these requirements.

[0004] In existing technologies, high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric is made by interlacing glass fiber bundles into untwisted rovings and using glass fiber yarns or organic fiber yarns as weft yarns on a loom. However, due to the high warp density and low weft density of unidirectional fabric, the weft yarns are prone to shifting, and the warp yarns, which are the main supporting structure, are also prone to slippage. This results in an extremely unstable product structure and unstable mechanical properties, greatly increasing the difficulty of subsequent composite material manufacturing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the easy displacement of weft yarns and the easy slippage of warp yarns, which are the main supporting structures, resulting in extremely unstable product structures and mechanical properties that cannot reach a stable state, this invention proposes a weaving method for high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric.

[0006] The specific process of this invention is as follows:

[0007] Step 1, Prepare high-strength glass fiber unidirectional warp yarns:

[0008] Thirty-three bundles of high-strength glass fiber precursors with a single fiber diameter of 7-9 μm and a linear density of 11-13 Tex are combined using a winding machine to form a high-strength glass fiber untwisted roving with a linear density of 363-429 Tex; this high-strength glass fiber untwisted roving is used as the warp yarn for a high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric. For later use.

[0009] Step 2, prepare high-strength glass fiber unidirectional weft yarn:

[0010] Two bundles of high-strength glass fiber filaments with a diameter of 7~9μm and a linear density of 11~13Tex are twisted together by a twisting machine to form a high-strength glass fiber twisted yarn with a linear density of 22~26Tex; this high-strength glass fiber twisted yarn is used as the raw material for the high-strength glass fiber unidirectional weft yarn.

[0011] A layer of polyurethane hot melt adhesive is sprayed onto the surface of high-strength glass fiber twisted yarn using a hot melt adhesive melt-blowing process. This yields high-strength glass fiber unidirectional weft yarn. For later use.

[0012] When spraying a layer of polyurethane hot melt adhesive onto the surface of high-strength glass fiber twisted yarn, the weight of hot melt adhesive evenly sprayed onto the surface of 1000g of high-strength glass fiber twisted yarn is 50~100g.

[0013] Step 3: Install the hot-melt device for high-strength unidirectional glass fiber cloth.

[0014] Install the heat fusion device below the weave opening of the loom, so that the vertical distance between the heat fusion tube in the heat fusion device and the weave opening is 10~15cm.

[0015] The hot melt tube has a diameter of 30mm, a length of 1100mm, and a temperature of 150~200℃.

[0016] Step 4, determine the weaving process parameters:

[0017] The loom speed is set to 60~120 rpm, the weft yarn density to 1.2~2.0 yarns / cm, the heat-melting tube temperature to 150~200℃, and the time for each weft yarn to pass through the heat-melting zone to 2.4~4.8s.

[0018] Step 5, weaving:

[0019] The high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric warp and weft yarns are interwoven at the weft end through the yarn guiding systems of the loom.

[0020] The weft yarn is heated by a hot-melt device, and the hot-melt adhesive on its surface melts at the weft end, bonding the weft yarn to the warp yarn. The adhesive then solidifies after passing through a heating zone, resulting in a high-strength unidirectional glass fiber fabric with a unit area mass of 155~190g / ㎡ and a warp tensile breaking strength ≥2350N.

[0021] The curing time of the adhesive at room temperature after passing through the heating zone is ≤15s.

[0022] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the aforementioned background technology and provide a method for weaving a high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric with a unit area mass of 155-190 g / m² and a warp tensile breaking strength ≥2350 N. The high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric prepared by this method can solve the structural instability problem caused by large differences in the thickness and density of warp and weft yarns, enabling the mechanical properties to reach a high and stable level, and reducing the difficulty of subsequent composite material production. A hot-melt device is installed below the weave joint, allowing the hot-melt adhesive on the weft yarn surface to melt at the weave joint, thus fixing the warp and weft yarns together.

[0023] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the specific implementation process of the high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric involved in this invention is as follows:

[0024] Step 1, Prepare high-strength glass fiber unidirectional warp yarns:

[0025] Thirty-three bundles of high-strength glass fiber precursors, with a single fiber diameter of 7-9 μm and a linear density of 11-13 Tex, were combined using a winding machine to form high-strength glass fiber untwisted rovings with a linear density of 363-429 Tex. This yielded high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric warp yarns. These were then set aside.

[0026] Step 2, prepare high-strength glass fiber unidirectional weft yarn:

[0027] Two bundles of high-strength glass fiber precursors with a diameter of 7-9 μm and a linear density of 11-13 Tex are twisted together using a twisting machine to form a high-strength glass fiber twisted yarn with a linear density of 22-26 Tex. The high-strength glass fiber twisted yarn is then coated with a layer of hot melt adhesive using a hot melt adhesive melt-blowing device. The weight of hot melt adhesive uniformly sprayed onto the surface of each 1000g of high-strength glass fiber twisted yarn is 50-100g. This yields a high-strength glass fiber unidirectional weft yarn. It is then set aside for later use.

[0028] Step 3, Install the high-strength glass fiber unidirectional cloth hot-melt device:

[0029] The heat-fusion device is installed below the weave bead of the loom, 10-15 cm in front of the reed seat. The heat-fusion tube in the heat-fusion device has a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 1100 mm, and the temperature of the heat-fusion device is 150-200℃.

[0030] Step 4, weaving process parameters:

[0031] The loom speed is 60-120 rpm, the weft yarn density is 1.2-2.0 yarns / cm, the heat-melting temperature is 150-200℃, and the time for each weft yarn to pass through the heat-melting zone is 2.4-4.8s.

[0032] Step 5, weaving:

[0033] The warp and weft yarns obtained in steps 1 and 2 are interwoven at the weft insertion point using the yarn guiding systems of the loom. As the fabric passes over the hot-melt device, the hot-melt adhesive on the weft yarn surface melts and bonds to the warp yarns. It then rapidly solidifies, resulting in a high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric.

[0034] This invention breaks with conventional weaving processes, employing scientifically sound and rational process steps to provide a new method for producing high-strength unidirectional glass fiber fabric with a unit area mass of 155-190 g / m² and a warp tensile breaking strength ≥2350 N. Experiments have demonstrated that, compared with existing technologies, this invention achieves the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. After the warp and weft yarns are bonded together with hot melt adhesive, the structure is stable, the warp yarns are less likely to slip off, the overall arrangement is neat and evenly distributed, and the tensile strength is improved. Tests on the warp tensile breaking strength of the high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric showed an increase in the average value and a more uniform distribution of individual values. Specific test data comparisons are shown in Table 1. Simultaneously, during the winding process, quality problems such as fabric skewing due to structural instability and high winding tension are avoided. Using the new process, the appearance qualification rate of the high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric increased from 83% to over 98%.

[0036] Table 1. Test values ​​of warp tensile breaking strength of high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric

[0037]

[0038] 2. The study revealed the influence relationship between four parameters: loom speed, hot melt temperature, unidirectional weft yarn density, and the melting time of the hot melt adhesive on the weft yarn surface. Reasonable process parameters were derived to avoid over-melting or incomplete melting of the hot melt adhesive, which could lead to poor adhesion between the warp and weft yarns. Specific effects are shown in Tables 2, 3, and 4.

[0039] With the heat-melting temperature and weft yarn density remaining constant, the effect of loom speed on the adhesion effect is shown in Table 2:

[0040] Table 2. Statistical Table of the Influence of Loom Speed ​​on the Adhesive Bonding Effect of Hot Melt Adhesive

[0041]

[0042] Experimental data show that when the weft yarn density is 1.6 yarns / cm and the heat-melting temperature remains constant at 180℃, the loom speed is 60-120 rpm and the heat-melting time is 2.4-4.8s, resulting in a better adhesion effect.

[0043] With the loom speed and weft yarn density remaining constant, the effect of heat-melting temperature on the adhesion effect is shown in Table 3:

[0044] Table 3. Statistical table of the influence of hot melt temperature on the adhesive effect of hot melt adhesive.

[0045]

[0046] Experimental data show that when the loom speed is 80 rpm and the weft yarn density is kept constant at 1.6 yarns / cm, the adhesion effect is better when the heat-melting temperature is between 150 and 200℃ and the heat-melting time is 3.6s.

[0047] With the loom speed and heat-melting temperature remaining constant, the effect of weft yarn density on the adhesion effect is shown in Table 4:

[0048] Table 4. Statistical Table of the Influence of Weft Density on the Adhesive Effect of Hot Melt Adhesive

[0049]

[0050] Experimental data show that when the loom speed is 80 rpm and the heat-melting temperature is kept constant at 180℃, the adhesion effect is better when the weft yarn density is 1.2 to 2.0 yarns / cm and the heat-melting time is 2.7 to 4.5 seconds.

[0051] The high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric involved in this invention uses high-strength glass fiber untwisted filament bundles for the warp and high-strength glass fiber twisted yarns with a surface-sprayed hot melt adhesive for the weft. The warp and weft yarns interweave at the weft joint. The weft yarn is heated by a hot melt device, and the hot melt adhesive on its surface melts at the weft joint. The adhesive then bonds the weft yarn to the warp yarn and solidifies after passing through the heating zone. Therefore, the high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric of this invention has a stable structure. Compared with existing high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabrics, the tensile breaking strength in the warp direction is increased by more than 20%, and the appearance qualification rate is increased from 83% to more than 98%, making it highly valuable for widespread application. Detailed Implementation

[0052] This invention relates to a method for weaving high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric with a unit area mass of 155-190 g / m² and a warp tensile breaking strength ≥2350 N, which is described in detail through specific embodiments.

[0053] Step 1, Prepare high-strength glass fiber unidirectional warp yarns:

[0054] Thirty-three bundles of high-strength glass fiber precursors with a single fiber diameter of 7-9 μm and a linear density of 11-13 Tex are combined using a winding machine to form a high-strength glass fiber untwisted roving with a linear density of 363-429 Tex; this high-strength glass fiber untwisted roving is used as the warp yarn for a high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric. For later use.

[0055] Table 5. Warp parameters of high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric in each embodiment.

[0056]

[0057] Step 2, prepare high-strength glass fiber unidirectional weft yarn:

[0058] Two bundles of high-strength glass fiber precursors with a diameter of 7-9 μm and a linear density of 11-13 Tex are twisted together using a twisting machine to form a high-strength glass fiber twisted yarn with a linear density of 22-26 Tex. This high-strength glass fiber twisted yarn is used as the raw material for the weft yarn of a high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric. A layer of polyurethane hot melt adhesive is sprayed onto the surface of the high-strength glass fiber unidirectional weft yarn using a hot melt adhesive melt-blowing process.

[0059] The weight of hot melt adhesive evenly sprayed onto the surface of every 1000g of high-strength unidirectional glass fiber weft yarn is 50-100g. This yields high-strength unidirectional glass fiber weft yarn. Set aside for later use.

[0060] Table 6. High-strength glass fiber unidirectional weft yarn parameters in each embodiment.

[0061]

[0062] Step 3: Install the hot-melt device for high-strength unidirectional glass fiber cloth.

[0063] The heat fusion device is installed below the weave stop of the loom, with the heat fusion tube in the device perpendicular to the weave stop at a distance of 10-30 mm. The heat fusion tube has a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 1100 mm; the temperature of the heat fusion tube in this heat fusion device is 150-200℃.

[0064] Table 7 Parameters of the high-strength glass fiber unidirectional cloth hot-melt device in each embodiment

[0065]

[0066] Step 4, determine the weaving process parameters:

[0067] The loom speed is set to 60~120 rpm, the weft yarn density to 1.2~2.0 yarns / cm, the heat-melting temperature to 150~200℃, and the time for each weft yarn to pass through the heat-melting zone to 2.4~4.8s.

[0068] Table 8 Weaving process parameters in each embodiment

[0069]

[0070] Step 5, weaving:

[0071] The high-strength glass fiber unidirectional warp and weft yarns obtained in steps 1 and 2 are interwoven at the weft weft end using the yarn guiding systems of the loom. The weft yarns are heated by a hot-melt device, causing the hot-melt adhesive on their surface to melt at the weft weft end, bonding the weft yarns to the warp yarns. After passing through the heating zone, the fabric is cured at room temperature for ≤15 seconds.

[0072] A high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric with a unit area mass of 155~190g / ㎡ and a warp tensile breaking strength ≥2350N was obtained.

[0073] Table 9 Parameters of High-Strength Glass Fiber Unidirectional Fabric in Each Embodiment

[0074]

Claims

1. A method for weaving a high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric, characterized in that, The specific process is as follows: Step 1, Prepare high-strength glass fiber unidirectional warp yarns: Thirty-three bundles of high-strength glass fiber precursors with a single fiber diameter of 7-9 μm and a linear density of 11-13 Tex are combined by a winding machine to form a high-strength glass fiber untwisted roving with a linear density of 363-429 Tex; this high-strength glass fiber untwisted roving is used as the warp yarn of a high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric; for later use. Step 2, prepare high-strength glass fiber unidirectional weft yarn: Two bundles of high-strength glass fiber filaments with a diameter of 7~9μm and a linear density of 11~13Tex are twisted together by a twisting machine to form a high-strength glass fiber twisted yarn with a linear density of 22~26Tex; this high-strength glass fiber twisted yarn is used as the raw material for high-strength glass fiber unidirectional weft yarn. A layer of polyurethane hot melt adhesive is sprayed onto the surface of high-strength glass fiber twisted yarn using a hot melt adhesive melt-blowing process; high-strength glass fiber unidirectional weft yarn is obtained; ready for use. Step 3, Install the hot-melt device for high-strength unidirectional fiberglass cloth: Install the heat fusion device below the weave opening of the loom, so that the vertical distance between the heat fusion tube in the heat fusion device and the weave opening is 10~15cm; Step 4, determine the weaving process parameters: The loom speed is set to 60-120 rpm, the weft yarn density to 1.2-2.0 yarns / cm, the heat-melting tube temperature to 150-200℃, and the time for each weft yarn to pass through the heat-melting zone to 2.4-4.8s. Step 5, weaving: The high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric warp yarns and high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric weft yarns are interwoven at the weaving point through the yarn guiding systems of the loom. The weft yarn is heated by the hot melt device, and the hot melt adhesive on its surface melts at the weft end, and the adhesive sticks the weft yarn to the warp yarn; the adhesive is cured after passing through the heating zone; a high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric with a unit area mass of 155~190g / ㎡ and a warp tensile breaking strength ≥2350N is obtained.

2. The weaving method of the high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, when spraying a layer of polyurethane hot melt adhesive onto the surface of high-strength glass fiber twisted yarn, the weight of hot melt adhesive evenly sprayed onto the surface of 1000g of high-strength glass fiber twisted yarn is 50~100g.

3. The weaving method of the high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hot melt tube mentioned in step 3 has a diameter of 30mm, a length of 1100mm, and a temperature of 150~200℃.

4. The weaving method of the high-strength glass fiber unidirectional fabric as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the curing time of the adhesive solution at room temperature after passing through the heating zone is ≤15s.

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