Prestress adjusting device and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a prestress adjusting device which comprises a frame, a left transverse stress steel bar and a right transverse stress steel bar, two independent stress applying gears and gear blocking pieces are arranged in the frame, steel bar lock catches are arranged on the lower portions of the two sides of the frame respectively, one end of each transverse stress steel bar is of a sawtooth structure, and the other end of each transverse stress steel bar is of a sawtooth structure. The sawtooth structure end of the transverse stress steel bar penetrates through the steel bar lock catch to enter the frame, the sawtooth structure is meshed with a stress applying gear, the transverse stress steel bar located outside the frame penetrates through the protection pipe, and the outer tail end of the transverse stress steel bar is fixedly connected with an anchoring piece. Therefore, the wall body can bear larger force and deformation, then the stability and safety of the whole house are kept, and the large market prospect is achieved.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the patent application with the application number 202310479869.8 and the name "Tension and compression energy-absorbing component and pre-stressed wall with energy-absorbing characteristics", the filing date of which is April 28, 2023. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application particularly relates to a prestress adjusting device and its application, and belongs to the technical field of civil construction industry. BACKGROUND

[0003] China is a strong country in infrastructure construction, but there is still room for improvement in green construction and green building. Prefabrication is the most important part of green engineering, which saves many processes of cast-in-place concrete engineering at the construction site, such as transportation of a large number of concrete mixers, transportation of steel bars and other materials, and inconsistency of organization and coordination, which will cause a lot of waste, pollution and safety hazards. Therefore, the construction method of China's engineering will gradually move towards prefabrication. Although prefabrication has been slowly realized in some bridge engineering, highway engineering and municipal engineering at the present stage, there is still a long way to go in housing engineering. The main reason is not only that prefabrication needs to build a special prefabricated wall automatic factory, train relevant professional and technical personnel and has high cost, but also people's concern about the safety of prefabricated houses, especially in terms of earthquake resistance. Prefabricated houses are not as good as cast-in-place concrete houses. Based on this, how to improve the safety of prefabricated houses and improve the earthquake resistance is the research direction of scientific researchers.

[0004] The current research on the assembled wall structure mainly has the following four aspects, first, the ordinary wall structure, through adjusting the concrete mix proportion, adding new admixture and other methods, let the strength of the wall is high, second, the research of wall material, development of new type concrete, let the strength of concrete material is higher, the bending resistance is better, third, the performance of the steel bar material in the wall is improved, let it has greater deformation ability, fourth, install the energy absorption component in the wall, fully absorb the energy of external load, finally make the wall in stable state. The shortcomings of the assembled wall structure in the current market include: 1. The ordinary wall structure, although the strength of the wall is enhanced by adjusting the mix ratio and other methods, but it cannot absorb energy, cannot withstand large deformation and damage, finally still appears instability; 2. New type wall material, although the emergence of new type concrete makes the strength of the wall structure enhance, but it still cannot overcome the large deformation caused by external load, and then appears damage failure; 3. The performance of the steel bar material in the wall is improved, the emergence of the steel bar increases the deformation ability of the wall to a certain extent, and has a certain energy absorption effect, but it cannot overcome the pressure load, and cannot be replaced after deformation, which makes the later maintenance and reinforcement very difficult, and cannot guarantee the safety of the follow-up in case of disaster; 4. The wall with energy absorption components in the wall has three problems, one is that the energy absorption components cannot absorb compression energy, but only absorb tensile energy; two is that the energy absorption components cannot be replaced or are inconvenient to replace; three is that there is no prestress adjusting device.

[0005] In addition, a large number of wall stress destructive experiments show that the wall is prone to cracking damage due to the influence of dynamic load, and the position of cracking damage is always concentrated in the left and right corners of the wall, as shown in Figure 1 , wherein, ① is a dynamic load, ② is a wall, ③ is a longitudinal steel bar in the wall, ④ is a transverse steel bar in the wall, ⑤ is a transverse and longitudinal crack of the wall, and ⑥ is a longitudinal steel bar breakage. Figure 1 We can get from the damage state of the wall that when a house structure is affected by an earthquake, part of the longitudinal steel bar in the wall breaks, the bottom corner of the wall is damaged, the overall bearing capacity of the wall is greatly reduced, the danger coefficient increases sharply, and the overall instability and collapse of the house are inevitable, which is extremely dangerous. In this case, it is imperative to develop a tension-compression bidirectional energy absorption component and a prefabricated wall with bidirectional energy absorption characteristics. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the defects and deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a prestress adjusting device and its application, aiming to solve the problem that the assembled house structure can maintain stability and safety by absorbing certain energy when affected by an earthquake.

[0007] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0008] A tension-compression energy absorption component, comprising a damping cylinder and a damper for connecting and fixing a conductive steel bar, the damper being arranged in the damping cylinder, and the damping cylinder limiting the movement distance of the damper along the axial direction of the damping cylinder; The damping cylinder comprises a tension damping cylinder, a compression damping cylinder and a tension-compression combined cylinder, the tension-compression combined cylinder is provided with a ring platform in the center of the inner wall, both ends of the tension-compression combined cylinder are provided with internal threads, the lower end of the tension damping cylinder and the upper end of the compression damping cylinder are provided with external threads, the external threads are matched with the internal threads, the lower end of the tension damping cylinder is fixedly connected with the tension-compression combined cylinder through screw threads, and the upper end of the compression damping cylinder is fixedly connected with the tension-compression combined cylinder through screw threads; the inner diameters of the tension damping cylinder and the compression damping cylinder are consistent, the inner diameter of the ring platform is greater than the inner diameter of the tension damping cylinder, and the ring platform has a certain thickness. The damper has a symmetrical double-cone platform structure, the central diameter of the damper is greater than the inner diameter of the tension damping cylinder and smaller than the inner diameter of the ring platform, and the diameters of the two end faces of the damper are smaller than the inner diameter of the tension damping cylinder.

[0009] Further, the damper comprises a tension damper, a compression damper and a double-end hollow bolt, the tension damper and the compression damper are the same in structure and are symmetrically arranged; the tension damper has a conical platform structure, is provided with a cavity allowing the conductive steel bar to penetrate along the axial direction, and is provided with an internal thread at the end with a larger diameter, the internal thread is matched with one end of the double-end hollow bolt, and a clamping piece for clamping the conductive steel bar is arranged in the cavity of the tension damper, the conductive steel bar penetrates through the damper and is clamped and fixed by the damper.

[0010] Further, the upper end of the tension damping cylinder is further covered with an upper cover piece, and the conductive steel bar penetrates out of the upper cover piece.

[0011] A prefabricated stress wall with energy absorption characteristics, a conductive steel bar is vertically fixed in the wall body on the left side and the right side of the prefabricated stress wall respectively, and a set of tension-compression energy absorption components are arranged in the wall body on the lower left side and the lower right side of the prefabricated stress wall respectively, and the tension-compression energy absorption components are fixedly connected with the conductive steel bars.

[0012] Further, a set of prestress adjusting devices are arranged in the prefabricated stress wall, the prestress adjusting devices comprise a frame and two lateral stress steel bars, two independent stress applying gears and gear blocking pieces are arranged in the frame, steel bar locks are arranged on the lower sides of the frame, one end of each lateral stress steel bar is in a sawtooth structure, the sawtooth structure end of the lateral stress steel bar penetrates through the steel bar lock into the inside of the frame, the sawtooth structure is engaged with a stress applying gear, the lateral stress steel bar located outside the frame penetrates through a protection pipe, and an anchor piece is fixedly connected to the outer end of the lateral stress steel bar.

[0013] Beneficial effects: the present application has the following innovative features: (1) The tensile and compressive energy absorption component has the characteristics of bidirectional energy absorption. According to the special structure design, size ratio and convenient detachable installation design, the tensile and compressive energy absorption component will not be damaged after meeting the large range of tensile deformation and compression deformation, and the mechanical properties and design concept are completely superior to those of other materials and structures. (2) The tensile and compressive energy absorption component is easy to replace. In the application, the screw connection can quickly and conveniently replace the tensile and compressive energy absorption component, which is a highlight. The wall can be restored to the state of a newly built wall by replacing the tensile and compressive energy absorption component, the maintenance cost is greatly reduced, and the safety is also guaranteed. (3) The assembly type prestressed wall wall tensile and compressive energy absorption concept is innovated. The prestressed adjusting device is installed in the wall to absorb energy in the form of deformation under the action of live load, so that the wall is in a stable and safe state. (4) The prestressed wall can be prestressed. The prestressed adjusting device in the application is not available in other assembly type walls. The device is designed and installed to anchor the wall and provide load force as a transverse steel bar of the wall, and to apply a force to the new tensile and compressive energy absorption component after replacing the tensile and compressive energy absorption component in the wall, so that the component meets the working preparation state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of stress deformation of an ordinary wall.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of stress deformation of the prestressed wall with the tensile and compressive energy absorption characteristics.

[0016] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the prestressed wall.

[0017] Figure 4 It is a sectional view of the tensile and compressive energy absorption component.

[0018] Figure 5 It is an exploded view of the damper cylinder.

[0019] Figure 6 It is an assembly diagram of the damper and the conductive steel bar.

[0020] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the prestressed adjusting device.

[0021] The diagram is marked with: A: tension and compression energy absorption component, B: prestressing adjustment device, C: wall; φ18 longitudinal steel bar 2, φ18 transverse steel bar 3, prestressing adjuster outer frame 4, gear blocking plate 5, stress application gear 6, transverse stress steel bar lock 7, transverse stress steel bar sawtooth 8, transverse stress steel bar protective tube 9, φ12 transverse stress steel bar 10, steel bar anchor plate 11, tension and compression energy absorption component installation space 12, φ20 tension and compression conduction steel bar 13, upper cover plate 14, tension damping cylinder 15, tension and compression combined cylinder 16, compression damping cylinder 17, fixing buckle 18, tension damper 19, hollow double-ended bolt 20, compression damper 21, clamp group 22, ring platform 161. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] like Figures 2-3 As shown, a tension-compression energy-absorbing component A includes a damping cylinder and a damper. The damper is used to connect and fix the conducting steel bar 13. In use, the conducting steel bar passes through the damper and is clamped and fixed by the damper. The damper is set inside the damping cylinder. The damping cylinder is used to limit the movement stroke of the damper. The damper has a certain bidirectional free movement distance along the axial direction of the damping cylinder. This free movement distance is small, for example, 5-10mm. After exceeding this distance, the movement of the damper will be limited by the damping of the damping cylinder.

[0024] Specifically, such as Figures 4-6 The damping cylinder includes a tension damping cylinder 15, a compression damping cylinder 17, and a tension-compression combined cylinder 16. A ring platform 161 is provided at the center of the inner wall of the tension-compression combined cylinder 16. Internal threads are provided at both ends of the tension-compression combined cylinder 16, and external threads are provided at the lower end of the tension damping cylinder 15 and the upper end of the compression damping cylinder 17. The external threads match the internal threads. The lower end of the tension damping cylinder is threadedly fixedly connected to the tension-compression combined cylinder, and the upper end of the compression damping cylinder is threadedly fixedly connected to the tension-compression combined cylinder. It is both sturdy and easy to assemble and disassemble; an upper cover plate 14 is also covered at the upper end of the tension damping cylinder 15, and the conductive steel bar 13 can pass through the upper cover plate 13; the inner diameter of the tension damping cylinder 15 and the compression damping cylinder 17 are the same, the inner diameter of the ring platform 161 is larger than the inner diameter of the tension damping cylinder, and the ring platform has a certain thickness. This specific size fit makes an open annular space between the lower end of the tension damping cylinder 15 and the upper end of the compression damping cylinder 17 to accommodate the damper.

[0025] The damper has a symmetrical double-cone frustum shape, similar to a shuttle shape, with a thick middle and thin ends, the central diameter of the damper is greater than the inner diameter of the tensile damping cylinder 15 and smaller than the inner diameter of the ring platform 161, and the diameter of the two end faces of the damper is smaller than the inner diameter of the tensile damping cylinder. The damper includes a tensile damper 19, a compression damper 21, and a double-end hollow bolt 20, the tensile damper 19 and the compression damper 21 have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged; the tensile damper 19 has a conical frustum shape, is provided with a cavity allowing the conductive steel bar to penetrate along the axial direction, and is provided with an internal thread at the end with a larger diameter, which is matched and connected with one end of the double-end hollow bolt, the cavity of the tensile damper and the compression damper is provided with a clamping piece group 22 for clamping the conductive steel bar, the conductive steel bar 13 penetrates the damper and is threadedly connected and extruded by the double-end hollow bolt, so that the clamping piece group clamps the steel bar, and the damper is integrated with the conductive steel bar, so that the connection is firm, and the assembly and disassembly are convenient.

[0026] As shown in Figures 2-3 , Figure 7 , a set of prestress adjusting device B, the prestress adjusting device includes a frame 4 and left and right two transverse stress steel bars 10, two independent stress applying gears 6 and gear blocking pieces 5 are arranged in the frame 4, and steel bar locks 7 are arranged on the lower sides of the frame, the steel bar lock allows only the steel bar to enter, one end of each transverse stress steel bar 10 is a sawtooth structure 8, the sawtooth structure end of the transverse stress steel bar penetrates the steel bar lock and enters the inside of the frame, the sawtooth structure 8 is engaged with a stress applying gear 6, the transverse stress steel bar 109 located outside the frame penetrates a protective pipe, and the outer end of the transverse stress steel bar 10 is fixedly connected with an anchoring piece 11.

[0027] A prefabricated prestressed wall with energy absorption characteristics (as shown in Figures 2-3 ), a conductive steel bar 13 is vertically fixed in the left and right walls of the prefabricated prestressed wall body C, a set of tension-compression energy absorption components A are arranged in the left lower part and the right lower part of the prefabricated prestressed wall, and the tension-compression energy absorption components A are fixedly connected with the conductive steel bar 13. A set of prestress adjusting devices B are also arranged in the middle of the wall. The prestress adjusting device B is located in the middle of the wall body and above the tension-compression energy absorption components A. The A, B, and C parts are coupled with each other, so that the stability and safety of the wall body are greatly improved. When an earthquake comes, the house structure will move with the ground shaking, and the dynamic load generated by this movement will act on all components in the house structure, including the wall structure. The Figure 2For example, when the left and right dynamic loads act on the wall C, the left and right bottom of the wall will be subjected to repeated action of tension and compression. Because the concrete material is a brittle material, when tension occurs, it is easy to make the concrete wall damaged, so the tension deformation at this time is mainly borne by the tension-compression energy-absorbing component A to ensure that the internal steel of the wall will not break. When the wall is under compression, if the ordinary steel is put in, since it is a tensile member, compression will cause its dislocation deformation, which will cause secondary damage to the integrity of the wall. When the tension-compression energy-absorbing component A is put in, the compression deformation can be effectively dealt with, and the wall can be kept in a complete state during the process of keeping the wall stable. With the end of the earthquake, the tension-compression energy-absorbing component A has completed the energy-absorbing and deformation task, and it is necessary to replace the new tension-compression energy-absorbing component A to ensure that the wall has the original bearing capacity to face new challenges. After the wall replaces the new tension-compression energy-absorbing component A, the wall needs to enter the state of maximum bearing capacity, so the wall stress adjusting device B needs to be used to load the prestress.

[0028] The prefabricated prestressed wall needs to be made in advance in the factory as a fabricated wall structure, and the manufacturing steps of the wall in the factory are as follows.

[0029] First step: first, according to the steps of pouring the concrete wall, the formwork is bound with steel bars. The longitudinal steel bars 2 and the transverse steel bars 3 are fixed, and the positions of the prestress adjusting device B and the tension-compression energy-absorbing component A are left according to the design requirements, wherein the prestress adjusting device is the finished product processed by us, and the others are scattered components for easy installation and disassembly.

[0030] Second step: install the prestress adjusting device. The front section of the φ12 transverse stress steel bar 10 is made into a sawtooth 8 shape, then the front section of the sawtooth 8 is inserted through the transverse stress steel bar lock buckle 7, the lock buckle only allows the steel bar to enter, and directly locks when the steel bar exits. Let the stress applying gear 6 engage the front section of the sawtooth 8 of the steel bar, then insert the rear section of the φ12 transverse stress steel bar 10 through the transverse stress steel bar protection tube 9, the tube prevents the concrete from directly contacting the transverse stress steel bar 10, and allows it to move inside the tube. The rear end of the steel bar 10 is connected with the steel bar anchoring piece 11 after passing through the protection tube 9, the anchoring piece mainly fixes the rear end of the steel bar 10 to prevent the prestress adjusting device from sliding when applying stress to the steel bar 10.

[0031] Third step: install the tension-compression energy absorption component. First, place the φ20 tension-compression transmission steel bar 13 in place, with the upper segment fixed to the transverse steel bar 3 and the lower end first passing through the upper cover plate 14 and the tensile damping cylinder 15, wherein the upper cover plate 14 prevents concrete from flowing into the tensile damping cylinder 15. Then, the lower end of the φ20 tension-compression transmission steel bar 13 is sequentially threaded through the tensile damper 19 with the installed clamping piece group 22, the hollow double-headed bolt 20, and the compression damper 21 with the installed clamping piece 22, and the hollow double-headed bolt 20 is used to connect the tensile damper 19 and the compression damper 21. Then, the combined tension-compression damper is threaded through the tension-compression combination cylinder 16, which is connected to the tensile damping cylinder 15 and the compression damping cylinder 17, and finally the tension-compression energy absorption component is connected to the wall body bottom steel plate with the fixing buckle 18.

[0032] Fourth step: pour concrete to form a complete wall body. When the concrete strength reaches 70%, the φ12 transverse stress steel bar 10 is pulled by rotating the stress gear 6 to apply stress to the wall body, and the specific stress application size is related to the purpose of the wall body. After the concrete is completely solidified, it can be transported to the house construction site for assembly.

[0033] Its working principle is that when the wall body is subjected to left and right dynamic loads, the tension-compression energy absorption components on both sides of the wall body will sequentially compress and stretch to absorb energy. For example, when the left side of the wall body is subjected to a horizontal force, as the force value increases, the wall body will tilt to the right side. At this time, the tension-compression energy absorption component on the left side of the wall body will be stretched, and when the tension reaches 80% of the maximum force of the φ20 tension-compression transmission steel bar, the tensile damper 19 will start to slide in the tensile damping cylinder 15, while generating a continuous friction force. At the same time, the tension-compression energy absorption component on the right side of the wall will also be compressed, and when the pressure reaches 80% of the maximum force of the φ20 tension-compression transmission steel bar, the compression damper 21 will slide in the compression damping cylinder 17 and generate a continuous friction force.

[0034] When the wall body is subjected to strong dynamic loads, the tension-compression energy absorption components inside the wall body have already worked and their energy absorption performance has decreased, at which time new energy absorption components need to be replaced. The replacement steps are as follows: open the tension-compression energy absorption component installation space 12, and sequentially remove the fixing buckle 18, the compression damping cylinder 17, the tension-compression combination cylinder 16, the hollow double-headed bolt 20, the compression damper 21, the tensile damper 19, the tensile damping cylinder 15, and the upper cover plate 14. Then, install the new parts in reverse order, and the new tension-compression energy absorption component will continue to absorb energy under the action of dynamic loads. After installing the new tension-compression energy absorption component, stress adjustment needs to be performed again, and then the wall body is repainted.

[0035] In summary, the application is a kind of assembled prefabricated stress wall structure with bidirectional energy absorption characteristics, and has the advantages including: first, the concrete material used is ordinary material, and the internal energy absorption component can cope with the tensile and compressive deformation energy of the external load applied on the wall, so that the wall is always in a stable state; second, when the mechanical properties decrease after the energy absorption component works completely, we can replace it in time, which is convenient and feasible; third, after the replacement of the energy absorption component is completed, the stress of the wall can be adjusted to ensure that the energy absorption component is in a working state, and also improve the integrity of the wall. It can effectively solve the stress deformation problem of the house during the earthquake process, so that the house is in a stable and safe state. The biggest difference between it and other assembled walls at the present stage is that the energy absorption component and stress adjusting device are installed inside the wall, which enables the wall to withstand greater force and deformation, thereby maintaining the stability and safety of the house as a whole, and has great market prospects.

Claims

1. A prestress adjustment device, characterized in that: It includes a frame and two transverse stress reinforcement bars on the left and right. Inside the frame, there are two independent stress application gears and gear blocking plates. On the lower part of both sides of the frame, there are steel bar locks. One end of each transverse stress reinforcement bar has a sawtooth structure. The sawtooth structure end of the transverse stress reinforcement bar passes through the steel bar lock and enters the frame. The sawtooth structure meshes with a stress application gear. The transverse stress reinforcement bar located outside the frame passes through a protective tube. The outer end of the transverse stress reinforcement bar is fixedly connected to an anchor plate.

2. A precast stress-reinforced wall, characterized in that: A prestress adjustment device as described in claim 1 is installed inside the precast stress wall.

3. A precast stress wall according to claim 2, characterized in that: A conductive steel bar is vertically fixed in the left and right walls of the precast stress wall. A set of tension-compression energy-absorbing components is installed in the lower left and lower right walls of the precast stress wall. Each set of tension-compression energy-absorbing components is fixedly connected to a conductive steel bar.

4. A precast stress wall according to claim 3, characterized in that: The tension-compression energy-absorbing component includes a damping cylinder and a damper for connecting and fixing the conductive steel bars. The damper is disposed inside the damping cylinder, and the damping cylinder restricts the movement distance of the damper along the axial direction of the damping cylinder.

5. A precast stress wall according to claim 4, characterized in that: The damping cylinder includes a tension damping cylinder, a compression damping cylinder, and a tension-compression combined cylinder. A truncated ring is located at the center of the inner wall of the tension-compression combined cylinder. Internal threads are located at both ends of the tension-compression combined cylinder. External threads are located at the lower end of the tension damping cylinder and the upper end of the compression damping cylinder, with the external threads matching the internal threads. The lower end of the tension damping cylinder is threadedly fixedly connected to the tension-compression combined cylinder, and the upper end of the compression damping cylinder is also threadedly fixedly connected to the tension-compression combined cylinder. The inner diameters of the tension damping cylinder and the compression damping cylinder are the same. The inner diameter of the truncated ring is larger than the inner diameter of the tension damping cylinder, and the truncated ring has a certain thickness. The damper has a symmetrical double-conical truncated ring structure. The center diameter of the damper is larger than the inner diameter of the tension damping cylinder but smaller than the inner diameter of the truncated ring. The diameters of both end faces of the damper are smaller than the inner diameter of the tension damping cylinder. An upper cover plate is also provided at the upper end of the tension damping cylinder, and the conductive steel bar passes through the upper cover plate.

6. A precast stress wall according to claim 4, characterized in that: The damper includes a tension damper, a compression damper, and a double-ended hollow bolt. The tension damper and the compression damper have the same structure and are arranged symmetrically. The tension damper has a truncated cone shape and a cavity along its axial direction that allows the conductive steel bar to pass through. It has an internal thread at its larger diameter end, which is matched and connected to one end of the double-ended hollow bolt. A clamp for clamping the conductive steel bar is provided in the cavity of the tension damper. The conductive steel bar passes through the damper and is clamped and fixed by the damper.

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