Soil taking and root taking device suitable for shajiang black soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural scientific research equipment, in particular to a soil taking and root taking device suitable for shajiang black soil. According to the technical scheme, the device comprises a sampling device and a driving device, a plurality of fixing frames are fixedly installed on the peripheral side of the driving device at equal intervals, the driving device comprises a first shell and a second shell which are fixedly connected with the fixing frames, a gear column is arranged in the first shell, a gear is rotationally installed in the second shell, and the gear column is meshed with the gear; the sampling device comprises an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, internal threads are arranged in the outer cylinder, external threads are arranged outside the inner cylinder, the external threads and the internal threads are meshed with the top of the inner cylinder and fixedly connected with the gear column, a sampling cylinder is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cylinder, and teeth are arranged on the peripheral side of the bottom of the sampling cylinder. The arrangement of the sampling device and the driving device can cope with dry and hard soil, and the inclined design of the efficient soil breaking drill bit reduces the viscous resistance of wet soil, breaks the dependence of a conventional tool on a suitable ploughing period, can effectively sample under different water content conditions, and improves the flexibility of scientific research work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural research equipment technology, and in particular to a soil and root sampling device suitable for sandy black soil. Background Technology

[0002] Scientific research focusing on soil improvement, fertility enhancement, and high-yield crop cultivation in sandy black soil is of vital strategic significance for the sustainable development of regional agriculture.

[0003] In the aforementioned studies, accurately obtaining in-situ soil and crop root samples in the field is the foundation and prerequisite for scientific analysis. By analyzing the physicochemical properties of soil samples (such as bulk density, porosity, nutrient content, and organic matter), soil obstacles that restrict crop growth can be revealed. By analyzing the morphology, spatial distribution, and physiological activity of root samples, the effects of different agronomic practices on crop growth and development can be evaluated, and crop varieties with strong stress resistance can be screened.

[0004] However, the unique physical properties of sandy loam black soil present significant challenges to field sampling. This soil type is rich in 2:1 type clay minerals such as montmorillonite, resulting in strong shrinkage and swelling characteristics, and an extremely heavy, sticky texture. When the soil moisture content is high, its high viscosity and plasticity create enormous resistance when conventional soil drills or sampling instruments are inserted, and the soil easily adheres to the instrument walls, making sampling difficult, sample deformation under pressure, and even making it impossible to remove the sampler from the soil. In dry seasons, the soil rapidly loses water and shrinks, becoming hard and compacted, making it difficult for conventional sampling equipment to penetrate. Forced operations not only consume a lot of manpower but also easily cause rapid wear and tear or even damage to the equipment. This "sticky when wet, hard when dry" characteristic results in an extremely short "suitable cultivation period" for operation, severely limiting the timeliness of scientific research. In particular, when it comes to root sampling, because the roots are tightly bound to the hard or heavy soil matrix, traditional excavation methods are prone to causing a large number of fine roots to break and be lost, making it impossible to obtain a complete root-soil complex, which seriously affects the accuracy and reliability of root research data.

[0005] Currently, existing conventional soil and root sampling tools are mostly general-purpose designs, lacking structural optimization for the special soil type of sandy loam black soil. In practical applications, they suffer from a series of problems, including high labor intensity, low operational efficiency, poor sample representativeness, and severe root damage, failing to meet the needs of high-precision, high-efficiency agricultural research in this region. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a soil and root sampling device that can overcome the physical barriers of sandy loam black soil, be applicable to different moisture content conditions, and ensure sample integrity. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the background art by proposing a soil sampling and root sampling device suitable for sandy ginger black soil.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention: A soil sampling and root sampling device suitable for sandy ginger black soil, including a sampling device and a driving device. Several fixed frames are fixedly installed at equal intervals around the driving device. The driving device includes a first outer shell and a second outer shell fixedly connected to the fixed frames. A gear column is provided inside the first outer shell, and a gear is rotatably installed inside the second outer shell. The gear column and the gear mesh. The sampling device includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder. The outer cylinder has an internal thread, and the inner cylinder has an external thread. The external thread and the internal thread mesh with each other. The top of the inner cylinder and the gear column are fixedly connected. The bottom of the inner cylinder is fixedly installed with a sampling tube. The bottom circumference of the sampling tube is provided with teeth.

[0008] Preferably, a rotating rod is fixed at the center of the gear, and a handle is provided on the outside of the rotating rod through the second outer shell. The first outer shell and the outer cylinder are fixed and connected, and the cross-sectional diameter of the sampling cylinder is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the inner cylinder.

[0009] Preferably, a protective sleeve fixed to the bottom of the inner cylinder is provided above the sampling cylinder, and both the internal thread and the external thread are located above the protective sleeve.

[0010] Preferably, the teeth are inclined inwards towards the inner cylinder, and the teeth are made of alloy material.

[0011] Preferably, the sampling device is provided with a mud-pushing device, which includes a mud-pushing plate provided inside the sampling cylinder and a mud-pushing rod fixedly connected to the mud-pushing plate. The mud-pushing rod is located inside the inner cylinder, and the top of the mud-pushing rod passes through a gear column located outside the first outer shell. The sampling cylinder has an outlet.

[0012] Preferably, the cross-sectional diameter of the pusher plate is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the inner cylinder, and several support frames are fixedly installed inside the inner cylinder. The support frames include guide sleeves, and the pusher rod and the guide sleeves are slidably connected.

[0013] Preferably, a fixing base is fixedly installed on both sides of the bottom of the fixing frame, and a fixing nail is provided through the fixing base. In use, the fixing nail is inserted into the ground to improve stability.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention can cope with dry and hard soil by setting up a sampling device and a driving device, and the inclined design of the high-efficiency soil-breaking drill bit reduces the sticky resistance of wet soil, breaks the dependence of conventional tools on the suitable cultivation period, realizes effective sampling under different moisture content conditions, and improves the flexibility of scientific research. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the sampling device and its structure according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the sampling device and driving device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support frame of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protective sleeve of the present invention.

[0016] Reference numerals: 1. Sampling device; 2. Driving device; 3. Sludge pushing device; 11. Outer cylinder; 12. Inner cylinder; 13. Sampling cylinder; 14. Tooth; 15. Discharge port; 16. Internal thread; 17. External thread; 18. Protective sleeve; 21. First outer shell; 22. Second outer shell; 23. Gear column; 24. Gear; 25. Rotating rod; 31. Sludge pushing plate; 32. Sludge pushing rod; 33. Support frame; 34. Guide sleeve; 100. Fixing frame; 200. Fixing seat; 300. Fixing nail. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0018] See attached document Figures 1-5 A soil and root sampling device suitable for sandy black soil includes a sampling device 1 and a driving device 2. Several fixed frames 100 are fixedly installed at equal intervals around the driving device 2. The driving device 2 includes a first outer shell 21 and a second outer shell 22 fixedly connected to the fixed frames 100. A gear column 23 is provided inside the first outer shell 21, and a gear 24 is rotatably installed inside the second outer shell 22. The gear column 23 and the gear 24 mesh. The sampling device 1 includes an outer cylinder 11 and an inner cylinder 12. The outer cylinder 11 is provided with an internal thread 16, and the inner cylinder 12 is provided with an external thread 17. The external thread 17 and the internal thread 16 mesh with the top of the inner cylinder 12 and the gear column 23 to fix it. The bottom of the inner cylinder 12 is fixedly installed with a sampling cylinder 13. The bottom circumference of the sampling cylinder 13 is provided with teeth 14.

[0019] A rotating rod 25 is fixed at the center of the gear 24. The rotating rod 25 passes through the second outer shell 22 and is provided with a handle. The first outer shell 21 and the outer cylinder 11 are fixed and connected. The cross-sectional diameter of the sampling cylinder 13 is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the inner cylinder 12.

[0020] Existing conventional soil and root sampling tools are mostly general-purpose designs, lacking structural optimization for the unique characteristics of sandy loam black soil. In practical applications, they suffer from a series of problems, including high labor intensity, low efficiency, poor sample representativeness, and severe root damage, failing to meet the needs of high-precision, high-efficiency agricultural research in this region. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a soil and root sampling device that can overcome the physical barriers of sandy loam black soil, is applicable to different moisture content conditions, and ensures sample integrity, while also addressing the soil's characteristics of being sticky when wet and hard when dry.

[0021] This invention can significantly reduce labor intensity and overcome the difficulty of drilling in hard soil. In response to the characteristics of sandy black soil that is sticky when wet and hard when dry, the sampling device 1 and driving device 2 can handle dry and hard soil. Furthermore, the hole-enlarging design of the high-efficiency soil-breaking drill bit reduces the sticky resistance of wet soil, breaks the dependence of conventional tools on the suitable cultivation period, realizes effective sampling under different moisture content conditions, and improves the flexibility of scientific research.

[0022] Specifically, the first step in use is preparation. Several fixing frames 100 are stably inserted into the ground to secure the device. Then, by manually rotating the rotating rod 25, the gear 24 is turned. The rotation of the gear 24 engages with the gear column 23, which in turn drives the inner cylinder 12 to rotate. The inner cylinder 12 descends into the outer cylinder 11 under the meshing action of the external thread 17 and the internal thread 16. The inner cylinder 12 rotates and descends, thereby driving the sampling cylinder 13 to rotate and descend. The teeth 14 at the bottom of the sampling cylinder 13 can break the soil.

[0023] The sampling cylinder 13 will then enter the soil, allowing the sample to enter the sampling cylinder 13, thus completing the sampling operation. Subsequently, the reverse rotation causes the inner cylinder 12 to rise, which in turn raises the sampling cylinder 13, allowing the sample to be retrieved.

[0024] It should be noted that a protective sleeve 18 is fixed to the bottom of the inner cylinder 12 above the sampling cylinder 13. The internal thread 16 and the external thread 17 are both located above the protective sleeve 18. The protective sleeve 18 prevents soil from entering the outer cylinder 11 when the inner cylinder 12 moves downward, thus avoiding affecting the subsequent re-entry of the inner cylinder 12. It also prevents foreign objects from getting stuck between the internal thread 16 and the external thread 17, thus protecting the safety of the device.

[0025] In addition, the teeth 14 are inclined inward into the inner cylinder 12, and the teeth 14 are made of alloy material.

[0026] When dealing with arid sandy black soil, the soil is compacted and hard, making conventional steel drill bits prone to wear and difficult to penetrate. However, cemented carbide, with a hardness far exceeding that of ordinary steel, can withstand high-intensity cutting impacts. The cutting edge of the blade can penetrate deeper into the soil, directly breaking up compacted soil clods through a combination of downward pressure and rotational force, preventing the drill bit from slipping on the hard soil surface and significantly improving drilling efficiency.

[0027] Sandy black soil is highly sticky when wet, easily adhering to the drill bit surface and increasing resistance. The cutting action of the inclined carbide cutting edge can initially break up the soil along the drill bit path, preventing large chunks of sticky soil from directly contacting the outer wall of the sampling tube. At the same time, the broken small soil chunks are more easily discharged through the helical guide angle on the side edge of the drill bit, further reducing the sticky resistance of the wet soil on the drill bit, ensuring the smooth descent of the sampling tube, and solving the problem of sticking and being unable to be pulled out when wet.

[0028] Furthermore, traditional soil sampling tools, when forcibly drilling into hard soil, can easily lead to soil compression and deformation, or cause soil column breakage due to incomplete cutting. The inclined, precise cutting capability enables gradual soil breaking, uniformly fracturing the soil during drilling and avoiding severe disturbance to the surrounding soil. This ensures the integrity of the soil column inside the sampling tube, especially the root complex structure containing the root system, providing accurate samples for subsequent scientific research and analysis.

[0029] It should also be noted that the sampling device 1 is equipped with a mud-pushing device 3. The mud-pushing device 3 includes a mud-pushing plate 31 provided inside the sampling cylinder 13, and a mud-pushing rod 32 fixedly connected to the mud-pushing plate 31. The mud-pushing rod 32 is located inside the inner cylinder 12, and the top of the mud-pushing rod 32 passes through the gear column 23 and is located outside the first outer shell 21. The sampling cylinder 13 has an outlet 15. The cross-sectional diameter of the mud-pushing plate 31 is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the inner cylinder 12. Several support frames 33 are fixedly installed inside the inner cylinder 12. The support frame 33 includes a guide sleeve 34, and the mud-pushing rod 32 and the guide sleeve 34 are slidably connected.

[0030] After use, to better discharge the sample from the sampling cylinder 13, the push rod 32 can be pushed from outside the first outer shell 21, causing it to slide within the guide sleeve 34. This allows the push plate 31 to push the sample outward from the sampling cylinder 13, resulting in the sample being discharged from the outlet 15. Furthermore, the push plate 31 prevents the sample from entering the inner cylinder 12.

[0031] To facilitate fixing the mounting bracket 100 in the ground, this embodiment has mounting bases 200 fixedly installed on both sides of the bottom of the mounting bracket 100, with fixing nails 300 penetrating the mounting bases 200. In use, the fixing nails 300 are inserted into the ground to improve stability.

[0032] It should also be noted that this invention is based on the "14th Five-Year Plan" National Key Research and Development Program project "Comprehensive Technical Model and Application for Enhancing Production Capacity of Sandy Ginger Black Soil in the Huai River Basin" (Project No.: 2023YFD1901000), and was developed in response to the urgent need for agricultural scientific research sampling in sandy ginger black soil areas. It aims to provide efficient and reliable sampling technology support for this project and similar soil improvement and production capacity enhancement research.

[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0034] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil and root sampling device suitable for sandy black soil, characterized in that, The device includes a sampling device (1) and a driving device (2). Several fixed frames (100) are fixedly installed at equal intervals around the driving device (2). The driving device (2) includes a first outer shell (21) and a second outer shell (22) fixedly connected to the fixed frames (100). A gear column (23) is provided inside the first outer shell (21), and a gear (24) is rotatably installed inside the second outer shell (22). The gear column (23) and the gear (24) mesh. The sampling device (1) includes an outer cylinder (11) and an inner cylinder (12). The outer cylinder (11) is provided with an internal thread (16), and the inner cylinder (12) is provided with an external thread (17). The external thread (17) and the internal thread (16) mesh with the top of the inner cylinder (12) and the gear column (23) to fixally connect the bottom of the inner cylinder (12). A sampling cylinder (13) is fixedly installed. The bottom periphery of the sampling cylinder (13) is provided with teeth (14).

2. The soil sampling and root sampling device suitable for sandy black soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A rotating rod (25) is fixed at the center of the gear (24). The rotating rod (25) has a handle outside the second outer shell (22). The first outer shell (21) and the outer cylinder (11) are fixed and connected. The cross-sectional diameter of the sampling cylinder (13) is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the inner cylinder (12).

3. The soil sampling and root sampling device suitable for sandy black soil as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The sampling tube (13) is provided with a protective sleeve (18) fixed to the bottom of the inner tube (12) above it, and the internal thread (16) and the external thread (17) are both located above the protective sleeve (18).

4. The soil sampling and root sampling device suitable for sandy black soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The teeth (14) are inclined inward into the inner cylinder (12), and the teeth (14) are made of alloy material.

5. The soil sampling and root sampling device suitable for sandy black soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling device (1) is equipped with a mud pushing device (3). The mud pushing device (3) includes a mud pushing plate (31) provided inside the sampling cylinder (13), and also includes a mud pushing rod (32) fixedly connected to the mud pushing plate (31). The mud pushing rod (32) is located inside the inner cylinder (12). The top of the mud pushing rod (32) passes through the gear column (23) and is located outside the first outer shell (21). The sampling cylinder (13) is provided with a discharge port (15).

6. The soil sampling and root sampling device suitable for sandy black soil as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The cross-sectional diameter of the pusher plate (31) is larger than that of the inner cylinder (12). Several support frames (33) are fixedly installed inside the inner cylinder (12). The support frame (33) includes a guide sleeve (34). The pusher rod (32) and the guide sleeve (34) are slidably connected.

7. The soil sampling and root sampling device suitable for sandy black soil as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting bracket (100) has mounting bases (200) fixedly installed on both sides of its bottom, and fixing nails (300) are provided through the mounting bases (200). In use, the fixing nails (300) are inserted into the ground to improve stability.

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