High-performance flame-retardant cable
By introducing a constraint structure into the cable, the problem of burning and dripping along the entire length of B1-grade flame-retardant cable is solved by utilizing adhesion and rigid constraint. This achieves high-performance flame retardant effect, reduces costs, simplifies processing, and is suitable for high-temperature impact and long-span scenarios.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511688349.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-06
AI Technical Summary
In the existing technology, B1-grade flame-retardant cables are difficult to consistently achieve zero burning droplets along their entire length, posing a safety hazard. Furthermore, high-performance materials are expensive and difficult to process.
Introducing a constraint structure into the cable structure, including an inner sheath and flame-retardant fiberglass tape or composite wrapping tape, limits the expansion and decomposition of the outer sheath through adhesion and rigid constraint, preventing combustion dripping.
It achieves zero-burn dripping along the entire length of the cable, meets the B1d0 flammability requirements, reduces material costs, and simplifies the processing.
Smart Images
Figure CN121483736A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cables, in particular to a high-performance flame-retardant cable, which can also be applied to flame-retardant communication optical cables. BACKGROUND
[0002] In addition to the performance requirement for flame spread of the outer layer of the cable, B1-grade flame-retardant cables also have more specific requirements for the heat release rate of the cable in the flame burning state, the state of the dripping matter during burning, the smoke released during burning, and the toxicity of the smoke. The highest grade of the B1-grade cable burning performance is that there is no burning dripping matter (d0 grade) during the burning test, the smoke is non-toxic and non-corrosive, and the smoke density transmittance is not less than 60%.
[0003] At present, the performance requirements of non-toxic and non-corrosive smoke and smoke density transmittance not less than 60% can be easily met by using low-smoke and low-toxicity materials and adding a heat and oxygen isolation layer in the cable structure. The requirement of no burning dripping matter during the burning test is achieved by using special B1-grade low-smoke and halogen-free sheath materials. However, the B1-grade low-smoke and halogen-free sheath material with high flame-retardant performance is not only expensive but also difficult to extrude, and has very strict requirements on the equipment. In practice, it is found that the same sample still fails the test when sampled from different positions. In other words, the cable that passes the B1-grade burning performance test cannot meet the B1d0 requirement in 100% of the cable length, which poses a hidden danger to fire safety.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-performance flame-retardant cable without burning dripping. SUMMARY
[0005] The present application provides a high-performance flame-retardant cable to solve the problem of expansion and burning dripping of the cable or flame-retardant communication optical cable during the burning process in the prior art.
[0006] The present application provides a high-performance flame-retardant cable, comprising:
[0007] a cable core;
[0008] a constraint structure, the constraint structure being sleeved on the outer surface of the cable core and having a rigid portion and an adhesive portion;
[0009] an outer sheath, the outer sheath being sleeved on the outer surface of the constraint structure;
[0010] The outer sheath can be adhered to the adhesive portion in the burning state and be constrained by the rigid portion to prevent it from expanding and decomposing in the circumferential direction.
[0011] In a possible design, the constraint structure includes an inner sheath and a flame-retardant fiberglass tape, the inner sheath is the adhesive part, the flame-retardant fiberglass tape is the rigid part, the flame-retardant fiberglass tape is spirally and interval-wound on the surface of the inner sheath, and a wrapping gap is formed between the spirally wound flame-retardant fiberglass tapes.
[0012] In a possible design, the wrapping gap is 0.6-1.2 times the width of the flame-retardant fiberglass tape.
[0013] In a possible design, the width of the flame-retardant fiberglass tape is 0.5-1 times the outer diameter of the inner sheath.
[0014] In a possible design, the thickness of the inner sheath is 0.8-1.5 mm.
[0015] In a possible design, the constraint structure includes a composite tape, the composite tape is spirally wound on the surface of the cable core, the composite tape includes a tape base film and a constraint tape, the tape base film is the adhesive part, the constraint tape is the rigid part, and the constraint tape is dispersed in the tape base film.
[0016] In a possible design, the constraint tape is in a mesh structure or a linear structure.
[0017] In a possible design, the constraint tape is an alkali-free glass fiber yarn or a fiberglass mesh cloth.
[0018] In a possible design, an overlapping area is formed between the spirally wound composite tapes.
[0019] In a possible design, the width of the overlapping area is 0-5 mm.
[0020] The application has the following beneficial effects:
[0021] The high-performance flame-retardant cable provided by the application can effectively reduce the expansion degree of the low-smoke halogen-free outer sheath in the high-temperature decomposition process into a shell when the low-smoke halogen-free outer sheath is burned, and can prevent burning drops, so that the entire length of the cable can stably achieve no burning drops, solve the hidden danger of unstable performance of the prior art, and make the burning performance of the entire length of the cable completely meet the requirements of B1d0 level burning performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments or prior art of the present application, the drawings needed in the description of the specific embodiments or prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.
[0023] Figure 1 Structure diagram of high-performance flame-retardant cable provided for Embodiment 1 of the present application;
[0024] Figure 2 Structure diagram of high-performance flame-retardant cable provided for Embodiment 2 of the present application;
[0025] Figure 3 Structure diagram of composite wrapping tape of high-performance flame-retardant cable provided for Embodiment 2 of the present application Figure 1 ;
[0026] Figure 4 Structure diagram of composite wrapping tape of high-performance flame-retardant cable provided for Embodiment 2 of the present application Figure 2 .
[0027] Reference signs:
[0028] 1, cable core; 2, inner sheath; 3, flame-retardant glass fiber tape; 4, composite wrapping tape; 41, wrapping tape base film; 42, constraint tape; 5, outer sheath. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] The technical solutions of the present application will be described below in conjunction with embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0030] The high-performance flame-retardant cable provided in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with Figures 1-4 .
[0031] The high-performance flame-retardant cable provided in the embodiments of the present application includes a cable core 1, a constraint structure, and an outer sheath 5. The constraint structure is sleeved on the outer surface of the cable core 1 and has a rigid part and an adhesive part. The outer sheath 5 is sleeved on the outer surface of the constraint structure. When burning, the outer sheath 5 is high-temperature bonded with the adhesive part of the constraint structure and is constrained by the rigid part. Through the physical limiting effect of the rigid part, the circumferential expansion of the outer sheath 5 is limited, and finally no burning dripping is achieved. The specific structure of the constraint structure is described in detail in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2.
[0032] Embodiment 1:
[0033] With reference to Figure 1 In this embodiment, the constraint structure includes the inner sheath 2 and the flame-retardant fiberglass tape 3. The inner sheath 2 is extruded on the outer surface of the cable core 1, and the flame-retardant fiberglass tape 3 is wound on the surface of the inner sheath 2 in a spiral and spaced manner. After winding, the wrapping gap is formed between the adjacent flame-retardant fiberglass tapes 3. The wrapping gap is 0.6-1.2 times the width of the flame-retardant fiberglass tape 3, and the width of the flame-retardant fiberglass tape 3 is 0.5-1 times the outer diameter of the inner sheath 2. The thickness of the inner sheath 2 is 0.8-1.5 mm.
[0034] The outer sheath 5 is made of B1 grade low-smoke and halogen-free material, and the inner sheath 2 is made of low-smoke and halogen-free material, so that the smoke is non-toxic and non-corrosive, and the smoke density transmittance is not less than 60% during combustion, which takes into account environmental protection and personnel safety.
[0035] When the cable is in a flame combustion environment, the outer sheath 5 and the inner sheath 2 are softened and adhered by heat. The adhesion occurs on the surface of the inner sheath 2 exposed in the wrapping gap. After adhesion, the flame-retardant fiberglass tape 3 forms a physical "skeleton" to limit the circumferential expansion trend of the outer sheath 5 during high-temperature decomposition, so as to avoid the outer sheath 5 from disintegrating and falling off due to excessive expansion, and finally achieve the high-performance flame-retardant effect of "no burning dripping".
[0036] The specific preparation process of the cable of this embodiment is as follows:
[0037] A conventional flame-retardant cable core 1 (containing a conductor, an insulating layer and an oxygen barrier layer) is selected. A low-smoke and halogen-free inner sheath 2 is extruded on the outer surface of the cable core 1, and the thickness of the inner sheath 2 is controlled to be 1.2 mm. The flame-retardant fiberglass tape 3 is wound on the surface of the inner sheath 2 in a spiral and spaced manner. The width of the flame-retardant fiberglass tape 3 is 0.8 times the outer diameter of the inner sheath 2 (assuming that the outer diameter of the inner sheath 2 is 10 mm), i.e. 8 mm. The wrapping gap is 1.0 times the width of the fiberglass tape, i.e. 8 mm. Finally, a B1 grade low-smoke and halogen-free outer sheath 5 is extruded on the outer surface of the flame-retardant fiberglass tape 3, and the thickness of the outer sheath 5 is controlled to be 2.0 mm.
[0038] The cable of this embodiment is subjected to combustion performance test:
[0039] The cable sample is placed in a combustion test environment. During the combustion process, the outer sheath 5 and the inner sheath 2 exposed in the wrapping gap are high-temperature adhered. The flame-retardant fiberglass tape 3 limits the expansion of the outer sheath 5, and no burning dripping occurs. The smoke detection shows that the smoke density transmittance is 72%, the smoke is non-toxic and non-corrosive, and the high-performance flame-retardant requirement is completely met.
[0040] Embodiment 2:
[0041] With reference to Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the constraint structure includes composite wrapping tape 4, which is wrapped around the outer surface of the cable core 1 in a spiral manner. The composite wrapping tape 4 is composed of a wrapping base film 41 and a constraint tape 42, which is dispersedly embedded in the wrapping base film 41. The constraint tape 42 can adopt a mesh structure (such as a glass fiber mesh) or a linear structure (such as an alkali-free glass fiber yarn). After spiral wrapping, an overlapping area is formed between adjacent composite wrapping tapes 4, and the width of the overlapping area is 0-5 mm.
[0042] In this embodiment, the outer sheath 5 is made of a B1 grade low-smoke and halogen-free material, and the wrapping base film 41 of the composite wrapping tape 4 is made of a low-smoke and halogen-free material, which ensures that the smoke is non-toxic and non-corrosive, and the smoke density and light transmittance are not less than 60% during combustion, and the environmental protection and personnel safety are considered.
[0043] When the cable is in a flame combustion environment, the outer sheath 5 (B1 grade low-smoke and halogen-free material) and the wrapping base film 41 are softened and adhered by heat. The adhesion occurs on the surface of the outer sheath 5 and the wrapping base film 41. After adhesion, the constraint tape 42 forms a physical “skeleton” to limit the circumferential expansion trend of the outer sheath 5 during high-temperature decomposition, avoid the outer sheath 5 from disintegrating and falling off due to excessive expansion, and finally achieve the high-performance flame-retardant effect of “no burning dripping”.
[0044] The specific preparation process of the cable in this embodiment is as follows:
[0045] The low-smoke and halogen-free material is used as the wrapping base film 41, and the alkali-free glass fiber yarn (linear structure) is embedded to make the composite wrapping tape 4 with a thickness of 0.5 mm; the flame-retardant cable core 1 is selected, and the composite wrapping tape 4 is wrapped around the cable core 1 in a spiral manner, and the width of the overlapping area of the composite wrapping tape 4 is controlled to be 3 mm; the B1 grade low-smoke and halogen-free outer sheath 5 with a thickness of 1.8 mm is extruded and wrapped outside the composite wrapping tape 4.
[0046] The cable in this embodiment is tested for combustion performance:
[0047] According to the same combustion test standard as in Example 1, the outer sheath 5 and the wrapping base film of the composite wrapping tape 4 are high-temperature adhered, the embedded alkali-free glass fiber yarn limits the circumferential expansion of the outer sheath 5, and no burning dripping is generated; the smoke light transmittance is 72%, and the toxicity level reaches ZA2 level, which meets the environmental protection and safety requirements of high-performance flame-retardant cables.
[0048] Example 1 is mainly suitable for high-temperature impact scenarios (such as high-rise building shafts). Example 2 is mainly suitable for large-span, horizontal combustion scenarios (such as rail transit, large conference halls / theaters / libraries, etc.), and can be expanded to have additional functions such as intelligent monitoring and waterproofing based on requirements.
[0049] The high-performance flame-retardant cable of the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:
[0050] 1. Through the dual action of "adhesion + constraint", the cable can stably achieve non-burning dripping throughout the length, solve the hidden danger of "unstable performance throughout the length" in the prior art, and meet the high-level flame retardation requirements such as B1d0 level.
[0051] 2. Without relying on high-priced special sheath materials, ordinary B1 level low-smoke halogen-free outer sheath 5 can be used, and the constraint structure design is simple, reducing raw material and processing costs.
[0052] 3. All structures can be processed through existing cable production lines (such as extrusion, spiral winding), without the need for large-scale equipment modification, facilitating industrial mass production and promotion.
[0053] The structure of the high-performance flame-retardant cable of the present application can also be applied to communication optical cable structures.
[0054] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements indicated must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.
[0055] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited.
[0056] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrated; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected or in communication with each other; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication or interaction relationship of two elements, unless otherwise explicitly limited. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0057] In this application, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples" mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. The illustrative appearances of the above-mentioned terms in various places in the specification are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used herein to describe various embodiments or examples and are not necessarily intended to denote a particular order, position, or priority of the elements being described. In addition, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", "has", "having", "contains", "containing", or any other similar word(s), are intended to be inclusive or open ended and not restrictive or exhaustive. In other words, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", "has", "having", "contains", "containing", or any other similar word(s), are intended to cover a special embodiment or example, but not exclude other embodiments or examples. In addition, the terms "an" and "one" are intended to be inclusive or open ended and not restrictive or exhaustive. In other words, the terms "an" and "one" are intended to cover both the singular aspect and the plural aspect, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0058] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above-described embodiments are exemplary, and are not to be interpreted as limiting the present application, and that the ordinary skilled person in the art can make changes, modifications, replacements, and variations to the above-described embodiments within the scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A high-performance flame-retardant cable, characterized in that, include: Cable core; A constraint structure, which is sleeved on the outer surface of the cable core, has a rigid part and an adhesive part; An outer sheath, which is fitted onto the outer surface of the constraint structure; The outer sheath can adhere to the adhesive part in the combustion state and be constrained by the rigid part, thus limiting its circumferential expansion.
2. The high-performance flame-retardant cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constraint structure includes an inner sheath and a flame-retardant fiberglass tape. The inner sheath is the adhesive part, and the flame-retardant fiberglass tape is the rigid part. The flame-retardant fiberglass tape is spirally wound at intervals around the surface of the inner sheath, and a wrapping gap is formed between the spirally wound flame-retardant fiberglass tapes.
3. The high-performance flame-retardant cable according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wrapping gap is 0.6 to 1.2 times the width of the flame-retardant fiberglass tape.
4. The high-performance flame-retardant cable according to claim 2, characterized in that, The width of the flame-retardant fiberglass tape is 0.5 to 1 times the outer diameter of the inner sheath.
5. The high-performance flame-retardant cable according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the inner sheath is 0.8 to 1.5 mm.
6. The high-performance flame-retardant cable according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constraint structure includes a composite wrapping tape, which is spirally wound around the surface of the cable core. The composite wrapping tape includes a wrapping base film and a constraint tape. The wrapping base film is the adhesive part, and the constraint tape is the rigid part. The constraint tape is dispersed within the wrapping base film.
7. The high-performance flame-retardant cable according to claim 6, characterized in that, The constraint band has a mesh structure or a linear structure.
8. The high-performance flame-retardant cable according to claim 7, characterized in that, The restraint band is made of alkali-free glass fiber yarn or glass fiber mesh.
9. The high-performance flame-retardant cable according to claim 6, characterized in that, The composite wrapping tapes formed after spiral winding have overlapping areas.
10. The high-performance flame-retardant cable according to claim 9, characterized in that, The width of the overlapping area is 0 to 5 mm.