Composite metal cutting machine tool spindle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool spindles, and discloses a composite metal cutting machine tool spindle which comprises a spindle part, a broach mechanism and a broach driving mechanism, the design that a traditional spindle is provided with a shaft hole for containing a broach device is abandoned, a solid shaft is adopted as a spindle core component, and a mounting cavity structure is only partially formed in the lower end for containing the broach mechanism; the integral structural integrity of the main shaft is not damaged, and the emphasis of a solid shaft is reserved. A high-pressure air source of a broach driving mechanism is used for achieving the synchronous chip prevention function, when high-pressure air is introduced into an air cavity to drive a movable sleeve to move downwards, an opening of a first air channel is unblocked, part of the high-pressure air enters a cylindrical cavity through the first air channel and then is guided into a sleeve groove position through a second air channel at the upper end of a broach rod, and finally air is continuously blown into a conical cavity; a stable air curtain is formed at the port of the conical cavity, impurities such as cutting chips and cutting fluid are effectively prevented from entering the mounting cavity structure, and grinding abrasion of the impurities to the mounting cavity structure is avoided from the source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machine tool spindle technology, specifically to a composite metal cutting machine tool spindle. Background Technology

[0002] Composite metal cutting machine tools are multi-purpose metal processing equipment widely used for cutting various medium and large parts. They are mainly composed of three parts: mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic, working in coordination to complete the processing tasks. Currently, the manufacturing of mechanical parts in China is characterized by small batches, high precision, and complex processing. This places higher demands on the processing efficiency, accuracy, and automation level of machine tools. The spindle is a crucial component for connecting and rotating the machine tool cutting tool on the spindle.

[0003] Currently, spindles in the industry incorporate broaching mechanisms for rapid tool clamping and disassembly. Existing broaching mechanisms primarily employ hydraulic drives, such as the spindle broaching mechanism described in Publication No. CN212665533U. This mechanism involves applying a Ta-C coating to the outer wall surfaces of the rod body, rod head, and spring. The spring is fitted onto and abuts against the rod body, ensuring that the contact surfaces between the spring and the broaching rod are all through the Ta-C coating. This improves the wear resistance of the broaching rod and spring, reduces frictional wear on the mating surfaces of the spring, broaching rod, and spindle core during long-term tool clamping or repeated tool changes, extends the service life of the broaching mechanism and the spindle, and ensures the accuracy of related parts over extended use, thus improving the stability of spindle performance. However, to accommodate the broaching device inside the spindle, a through-hole is created, preventing the spindle from being a solid shaft and reducing its strength. Furthermore, during tool installation, cutting chips are drawn into the mounting position at the front end of the spindle, leading to internal spindle wear.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a composite metal cutting machine tool spindle that does not require a through hole in the spindle, can ensure spindle strength, and effectively prevent cutting chips from entering the spindle. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a composite metal cutting machine tool spindle to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A composite metal cutting machine tool spindle includes a bushing seat, the lower end of which is integrally formed with a connecting platform and a bearing seat end, and further includes: The main spindle includes a solid shaft installed in the bushing seat, and the lower end of the solid shaft has an installation chamber structure. A drawbar mechanism, comprising a drawbar movably mounted within a mounting chamber structure at the lower end of the solid shaft and an extension sleeve mounted at the upper end of the drawbar, the extension end of the extension sleeve extending out from the mounting chamber structure; The cutter drive mechanism includes an outer cavity shell connected and mounted on the connecting platform and a movable sleeve movably disposed within the outer cavity shell. A spring is installed at the lower end of the outer cavity shell, and the lower end of the movable sleeve is connected to the upper end of the spring. An air cavity is formed between the upper end of the movable sleeve and the lower end face of the connecting platform. A high-pressure air source is connected to the outer cavity shell, and the high-pressure gas is introduced into the air cavity to press down on the movable sleeve. The movable sleeve presses down on the extended sleeve frame, thereby driving the cutter drive mechanism.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle of the present invention, the spindle section further includes: A retaining ring, which is fixedly welded to the lower end of the solid shaft; Spring 2 is fitted onto the lower end of the solid shaft, and the lower end of spring 2 is fixedly connected to the retaining ring. The upper end of spring 2 is in contact with the extension end of the extension sleeve. A pulley, the pulley being fixedly mounted on the upper end of the solid shaft; A coupling, which is connected and mounted on the upper end of the solid shaft.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle of the present invention, the solid shaft comprises: A cylindrical cavity is formed at the lower end of a solid shaft, and through openings are formed on both sides of the cylindrical cavity. The extended end of the extended sleeve extends out from the through openings. An externally expanded cavity is formed at the lower end of the solid shaft and communicates with the lower end of the cylindrical cavity; A conical cavity, wherein the conical cavity is opened at the lower end of the solid shaft and communicates with the lower end of the outwardly expanding cavity; The lower end of the solid shaft consists of a conical cavity, an expanded cavity, and a cylindrical cavity from bottom to top, and the three cavities are connected to form an installation chamber structure. The outer ring end is fixedly welded to the lower end of the solid shaft; A limiting groove is formed on the lower end face of the outer ring end; Airway 1, which is located at the upper end of the cylindrical cavity.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle of the present invention, the middle part of the outer expansion cavity is a cylindrical cavity, and the upper and lower ends are frustoconical cavities. The diameter of the cylindrical cavity in the middle part is larger than the diameter of the cylindrical cavity. A ring magnet is also fixedly provided on the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity of the outer expansion cavity.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle described in this invention, the broaching rod comprises: A slot is provided at the lower end of the drawbar; A plug-in mounting port is provided at the lower end of the sleeve slot; A limiting block is fixedly disposed on the upper and lower surfaces inside the insertion and mounting port; A knife-stop insert is movably inserted into the insertion and installation port. Grooves are provided on the upper and lower end faces of the knife-stop insert, and the limiting block is engaged in the groove. A threaded hole is provided at the upper end of the drawbar for connecting and installing the extension sleeve.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle of the present invention, the broach rod is a columnar structure, the diameter of the broach rod matches the diameter of the cylindrical cavity, the length of the broach rod matches the depth of the cylindrical cavity, and the upper end of the broach rod is also provided with an air passage two, which communicates with the sleeve groove.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle of the present invention, the extended sleeve includes: An extension plug, the extension plug being inserted into the through-hole; A semi-ring sleeve is fixedly mounted on the extension insert and is used to fit onto the pull rod. A long bolt, which is threaded to one end of the extension insert for threaded connection with the threaded hole; The outer protrusion is fixedly disposed at both ends of the semi-ring.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle of the present invention, the outer cavity shell comprises: An air source connector is fixedly installed on the upper end of the outer wall of the outer cavity shell; Air passage three, which is opened at the upper end of the outer cavity shell, is used to guide the gas input by the gas source connector into the air cavity at the upper end of the outer cavity shell. A retaining ring frame is fixedly welded to the lower end of the inner cavity shell, and the lower end of the first spring is fixedly disposed inside the retaining ring frame; A bearing is installed in an opening at the lower end of the outer housing, and the lower end of the solid shaft is connected to the bearing.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle of the present invention, the movable sleeve includes: The pressure ring end is fixedly disposed inside the upper end of the movable sleeve and is used to press down the extension insert; The upper clearance portion is formed at the upper end of the movable sleeve by the pressure ring end, and the upper clearance portion is used to make way for the bearing seat end; The lower clearance portion is formed at the lower end of the movable sleeve by the pressure ring end, and the lower clearance portion is used to make way for the extension sleeve frame, the retaining ring and the second spring. The recessed part is formed at the lower end of the inner wall of the movable sleeve to allow space for the spring, and the upper end of the spring is fixedly connected to the top of the recessed part.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle of the present invention, the broaching mechanism further includes a cutting tool section, which comprises: Blade tip; The tool holder has the tool head connected to it. The tool holder includes a reinforcing block and a limiting block fixedly disposed at the edge of the upper surface of the reinforcing block. The limiting block is inserted into the limiting groove. A conical end is fixedly disposed at the center of the reinforcing block. The conical end matches the conical cavity. A column is fixedly disposed at the upper end of the conical end. A stop head for pushing the tool stop bar is fixedly welded to the upper end of the column.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention abandons the traditional design of a spindle with a through-hole to accommodate the broaching device. Instead, a solid spindle is used as the core component, with a mounting chamber structure consisting of a tapered cavity, an expanded cavity, and a cylindrical cavity only partially opened at the lower end to accommodate the broaching mechanism. This approach preserves the overall structural integrity of the spindle and maximizes the emphasis on the solid spindle structure. Compared to a hollow spindle structure, the solid spindle of this invention exhibits improved bending strength and torsional stiffness, effectively withstanding the high loads and torques encountered during the machining of medium to large parts, while reducing spindle deformation.

[0017] The pneumatically driven drawbar drive mode enables the drawbar drive mechanism to drive the drawbar mechanism. It can also be matched with the solid shaft with a mounting chamber structure that only partially opens at the lower end to accommodate the drawbar mechanism. When the high-pressure gas drives the movable sleeve to move downward, it acts on the extension sleeve through the pressure ring end to realize the downward movement of the drawbar rod. After the gas supply stops, spring one drives the movable sleeve to reset, and spring two drives the extension sleeve and the drawbar rod to reset, realizing rapid tool change and improving tool change efficiency.

[0018] 3. A pneumatically driven, linked air-blowing chip-prevention structure is constructed. Utilizing the high-pressure air source of the broach drive mechanism, synchronous chip prevention is achieved. When high-pressure gas enters the air chamber and drives the movable sleeve downwards, the opening of air passage one is unblocked. Some of the high-pressure gas enters the cylindrical cavity through air passage one, then flows through air passage two at the upper end of the broach rod into the sleeve groove, ultimately continuously blowing air into the conical cavity, forming a stable air curtain at the conical cavity port. This air curtain functions effectively during tool installation and removal, preventing cutting chips, cutting fluid, and other impurities from entering the installation chamber structure, thus avoiding abrasive wear on the installation chamber structure from the source. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spindle and cutting tool sections of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting chamber structure of the solid shaft, the broaching mechanism, and the cutting tool structure of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view at point B in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the broaching mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged view at point C; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the broach drive mechanism, spindle section, and bushing structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the broach drive mechanism of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the solid shaft mounting chamber when no gas is supplied to the air chamber according to the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the chamber where the solid shaft is installed at the lower end when supplying air into the air cavity according to the present invention; Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 11 Enlarged view of point D in the middle.

[0020] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 100. Bushing seat; 110. Connecting platform; 120. Bearing seat end; 200. Main shaft; 210. Solid shaft; 211. Cylindrical cavity; 212. Through-hole; 213. Expanding cavity; 201. Cylindrical cavity; 202. Frustum-shaped cavity; 203. Ring magnet; 214. Conical cavity; 215. Outer ring end; 216. Limiting groove; 217. Air passage one; 220. Retaining ring; 230. Spring two; 240. Belt pulley; 250. Coupling; 300. Pulling mechanism; 310. Pulling rod; 311. Slot; 312. Insertion mounting port; 313. Limiting block; 314. Knife stop bar; 315. Groove; 316. Threaded hole; 301. Second air passage; 320. Extension sleeve; 321. Extension insert; 322. Semi-ring sleeve; 323. Long bolt; 324. Outer protrusion; 400. Cutter drive mechanism; 410. Outer cavity shell; 411. Air source connector; 412. Air passage three; 413. Retaining ring frame; 414. Bearing; 420. Movable sleeve; 421. Pressure ring end; 422. Upper clearance part; 423. Lower clearance part; 424. Inner recess; 430. Spring one; 401. Air chamber; 500. Cutting tool section; 510. Tool head; 520. Tool holder; 521. Reinforcing block; 522. Limiting insert; 523. Conical block end; 524. Column rod; 525. Abutment head. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] This invention provides a technical solution: such as Figure 1 - Figure 12 The composite metal cutting machine tool spindle shown includes a bushing seat 100, the lower end of which is integrally formed with a connecting platform 110 and a bearing seat end 120, and further includes: The main spindle 200 includes a solid shaft 210 installed in the bushing 100, and the lower end of the solid shaft 210 has an installation chamber structure. The drawbar mechanism 300 includes a drawbar 310 movably mounted in the mounting chamber structure at the lower end of the solid shaft 210 and an extension sleeve 320 mounted on the upper end of the drawbar 310, with the extension end of the extension sleeve 320 extending out from the mounting chamber structure. The drawbar drive mechanism 400 includes an outer cavity shell 410 connected and mounted on a connecting platform 110 and a movable sleeve 420 movably disposed within the outer cavity shell 410. A spring 430 is installed at the lower end inside the outer cavity shell 410. The lower end of the movable sleeve 420 is connected to the upper end of the spring 430. An air cavity 401 is formed between the upper end of the movable sleeve 420 and the lower end face of the connecting platform 110. The outer cavity shell 410 is connected to a high-pressure air source. The high-pressure gas is introduced into the air cavity 401 to press down the movable sleeve 420. The movable sleeve 420 presses down the extended sleeve frame 320, thereby driving the drawbar mechanism 300.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the spindle section 200 also includes: The retaining ring 220 is fixedly welded to the lower end of the solid shaft 210; Spring 230 is fitted onto the lower end of solid shaft 210, and the lower end of spring 230 is fixedly connected to retaining ring 220. The upper end of spring 230 is in contact with the extension end of extension sleeve 320. The pulley 240 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the solid shaft 210; Coupling 250 is connected and installed at the upper end of solid shaft 210.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 3 - Figure 5 As shown, the solid shaft 210 includes: Cylindrical cavity 211 is located at the lower end of solid shaft 210. Through openings 212 are provided on both sides of cylindrical cavity 211, and the extension end of extension sleeve 320 extends out from through openings 212. An externally expanded cavity 213 is located at the lower end of the solid shaft 210 and is connected to the lower end of the cylindrical cavity 211. A conical cavity 214 is formed at the lower end of the solid shaft 210 and is connected to the lower end of the outwardly expanding cavity 213; The lower end of the solid shaft 210 consists of a tapered cavity 214, an expanded cavity 213, and a cylindrical cavity 211 from bottom to top. The three cavities are connected to form an installation chamber structure. The outer ring end 215 is fixedly welded to the lower end of the solid shaft 210; The limiting slot 216 is formed on the lower end face of the outer ring end 215; Airway 217 is located at the upper end of cylindrical cavity 211.

[0025] Instead of the traditional design where the spindle has a through-hole to accommodate the broaching device, a solid shaft 210 is used as the core component of the spindle. Only a partial mounting chamber structure consisting of a tapered cavity 214, an expanded cavity 213, and a cylindrical cavity 211 is created at the lower end to accommodate the broaching mechanism 300. This avoids compromising the overall structural integrity of the spindle and maximizes the emphasis on the solid shaft 210. Compared to a hollow shaft structure, the solid shaft 210 of this invention exhibits improved bending strength and torsional stiffness, effectively withstanding high loads and torques during the cutting of medium to large parts, while reducing spindle deformation.

[0026] Furthermore, the middle part of the outer expansion cavity 213 is a cylindrical cavity 201, and the upper and lower ends are frustoconical cavities 202. The diameter of the cylindrical cavity 201 in the middle is larger than the diameter of the cylindrical cavity 211. A ring magnet 203 is also fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity 201 of the outer expansion cavity 213.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 3 - Figure 7 As shown, the broach shank 310 includes: Slot 311 is provided at the lower end of the broach shank 310; The insertion mounting port 312 is located at the lower end of the sleeve slot 311; Limiting block 313 is fixedly installed on the upper and lower surfaces inside the insertion and mounting port 312; The blade-blocking insert 314 is movably inserted into the insertion and installation port 312. The upper and lower end faces of the blade-blocking insert 314 are provided with grooves 315. The limiting block 313 is engaged in the grooves 315. The annular magnet 203 provided on the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity 201 can attract and move the blade-blocking insert 314 that is movably inserted into the sleeve slot 311. Threaded hole 316 is provided at the upper end of the drawbar 310 and is used for connecting and installing the extension sleeve 320.

[0028] Furthermore, the drawbar 310 has a columnar structure, the diameter of the drawbar 310 matches the diameter of the cylindrical cavity 211, the length of the drawbar 310 matches the depth of the cylindrical cavity 211, and the upper end of the drawbar 310 is also provided with an air passage 301, which is connected to the sleeve groove 311.

[0029] Furthermore, the extension unit 320 includes: Extension plug 321, which is used to be inserted into the through opening 212; The semi-ring sleeve 322 is fixedly mounted on the extension insert 321 and is used to fit onto the pull rod 310. Long bolt 323 is threaded onto one end of extension insert 321 for threaded connection with threaded hole 316. The outer protrusion 324 is fixedly installed at both ends of the semi-ring 322.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 8 - Figure 12 As shown, the outer shell 410 includes: Air source connector 411 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the outer wall of the outer cavity shell 410; Air passage 3 412 is located at the upper end of the outer cavity shell 410 and is used to guide the gas input from the gas source connector 411 into the air chamber 401 at the upper end of the outer cavity shell 410. The retaining ring frame 413 is fixedly welded to the lower end of the inner cavity shell 410, and the lower end of the spring 430 is fixedly installed inside the retaining ring frame 413. Bearing 414 is installed in the opening at the lower end of the outer housing 410, and the lower end of the solid shaft 210 is connected to bearing 414.

[0031] A pneumatically driven, linked air-blowing chip-prevention structure is constructed. The high-pressure air source of the broach drive mechanism 400 achieves synchronous chip prevention. When high-pressure gas enters the air chamber 401 and drives the movable sleeve 420 downwards, the opening of air passage 217 is unblocked. Some of the high-pressure gas enters the cylindrical cavity 211 through air passage 217, then flows through air passage 301 at the upper end of the broach rod 310 into the sleeve groove 311, and finally continuously blows air into the conical cavity 214, forming a stable air curtain at the port of the conical cavity 214. This air curtain functions during tool installation and removal, effectively preventing cutting chips, cutting fluid, and other impurities from entering the installation chamber structure, thus avoiding abrasive wear on the installation chamber structure from the source.

[0032] Furthermore, the activity set 420 includes: The pressure ring end 421 is fixedly disposed inside the upper end of the movable sleeve 420 and is used to press down the extension insert 321; The upper clearance portion 422 and the pressure ring end 421 separate the movable sleeve 420. The upper clearance portion 422 is formed at the upper end of the movable sleeve 420. The upper clearance portion 422 is used to make way for the bearing seat end 120. The lower clearance portion 423 and the pressure ring end 421 separate the movable sleeve 420. The lower clearance portion 423 is formed at the lower end of the movable sleeve 420. The lower clearance portion 423 is used to make way for the extension sleeve 320, the retaining ring 220 and the second spring 230. The recessed position 424 is located at the lower end of the inner wall of the movable sleeve 420, and is used to make way for the spring 430. The upper end of the spring 430 is fixedly connected to the top of the recessed position 424.

[0033] The pneumatically driven drawbar drive mode enables the drawbar drive mechanism 400 to drive the drawbar mechanism 300. It can also cooperate with the solid shaft 210, which has a mounting chamber structure at the lower end to accommodate the drawbar mechanism 300. When the high-pressure gas drives the movable sleeve 420 to move downward, it acts on the extension sleeve 320 through the pressure ring end 421, thereby moving the drawbar rod 310 downward. After the gas supply stops, the first spring 430 drives the movable sleeve 420 to reset, and the second spring 230 drives the extension sleeve 320 and the drawbar rod 310 to reset, thereby achieving rapid tool changing and improving tool changing efficiency.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the broaching mechanism 300 also includes a cutting tool section 500, which includes: 510 blade; A tool holder 520 is provided, and a tool head 510 is connected to the tool holder 520. The tool holder 520 includes a reinforcing block 521 and a limiting insert 522 fixedly disposed at the edge of the upper end face of the reinforcing block 521. The limiting insert 522 is inserted into the limiting slot 216. A conical end 523 is fixedly disposed at the center of the reinforcing block 521. The conical end 523 matches the conical cavity 214. A column rod 524 is fixedly disposed at the upper end of the conical end 523. The end is fixedly welded with a stop head 525 for pushing the knife-stop bar 314. Both the upper and lower ends of the stop head 525 are set as inclined surfaces. Even if the ring magnet 203 set on the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity 201 cannot attract and move the knife-stop bar 314 that is movably inserted into the sleeve slot 311, the inclined surface of the stop head 525 can still push the knife-stop bar 314, so that the knife-stop bar 314 makes way for the slot of the sleeve slot 311.

[0035] Working principle: When the cutting tool 500 is installed in the mounting chamber structure at the lower end of the solid shaft 210, high-pressure gas is continuously supplied to the outer cavity shell 410 through the gas source connector 411 provided on the outer wall of the outer cavity shell 410. The gas is then supplied to the air chamber 401 at the upper end of the outer cavity shell 410 through the air passage 3 412. The high-pressure gas in the air chamber 401 presses down on the upper end of the movable sleeve 420, causing the movable sleeve 420 to move downward within the outer cavity shell 410. During the downward movement, the movable sleeve 420 presses down on the extension insert 321, the semi-ring sleeve 322, and the outer protrusion 324 of the extension sleeve frame 320 through the pressure ring end 421, causing the extension sleeve frame 320 to drive the drawbar 310 to move downward within the cylindrical cavity 211. When the movable sleeve 420 is pressed down by air pressure, the drawbar 310 moves downward within the cylindrical cavity 211, and both spring 1 430 and spring 2 230 are compressed.

[0036] The drawbar 310 moves downward within the cylindrical cavity 211, and the slot 311 at the lower end of the drawbar 310 moves into the cylindrical cavity 201 in the middle of the outer expansion cavity 213. The ring magnet 203 provided on the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity 201 attracts the movably inserted tool stop bar 314 in the slot 311, causing the tool stop bar 314 to make way for the slot opening of the slot 311. Then, the upper end of the cutting tool part 500 is inserted into the slot 311.

[0037] After the abutment head 525 at the upper end of the column rod 524 is inserted into the sleeve groove 311, the gas input stops, and springs 1 430 and 230 are no longer compressed. Spring 1 430 drives the movable sleeve 420 to move upward and back to its original position, and spring 230 drives the extended sleeve frame 320 to move upward and back to its original position. The upward movement of the extended sleeve frame 320 drives the drawbar 310 to move upward in the cylindrical cavity 211. When the drawbar 310 moves upward and back to its original position in the cylindrical cavity 211, the cutter insert 314 passes through the frustum-shaped cavity 20 at the upper end of the outer expansion cavity 213. 2. The end that contacts the inclined side of the frustum-shaped cavity 202 is blocked, causing the stop bar 314 to be inserted into the sleeve groove 311 and located at the lower end of the stop head 525, thereby pulling the stop head 525 upward. The stop head 525 is pulled and then drives the column rod 524 and the cone end 523 upward, so that the cone end 523 is firmly inserted into the cone cavity 214 at the lower end of the solid shaft 210, and the limiting insert 522 is inserted into the limiting groove 216, realizing the connection between the cutting tool part 500 and the solid shaft 210.

[0038] Simultaneously, when high-pressure gas is continuously input into the outer cavity shell 410, the movable sleeve 420 is pressed down by the air pressure, and the opening of the first air passage 217 is no longer blocked. Some gas enters the cylindrical cavity 211 through the first air passage 217, and enters the sleeve groove 311 through the second air passage 301 opened at the upper end of the drawbar 310. Air is continuously blown into the conical cavity 214 through the sleeve groove 311, so that gas is continuously blown out of the cavity opening of the conical cavity 214, forming a stable air curtain at the port of the conical cavity 214. This air curtain can play a role in the process of tool installation and removal, effectively blocking impurities such as cutting chips and cutting fluid from entering the interior of the installation chamber structure, thus avoiding the grinding and wear of the installation chamber structure by impurities from the source.

[0039] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0040] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A composite metal cutting machine tool spindle, comprising a bushing seat (100), wherein the lower end of the bushing seat (100) is integrally formed with a connecting platform (110) and a bearing seat end (120), characterized in that, Also includes: The main shaft (200) includes a solid shaft (210) installed in the bushing seat (100), and the lower end of the solid shaft (210) is provided with an installation chamber structure; A drawbar mechanism (300) includes a drawbar rod (310) movably mounted in a mounting chamber structure at the lower end of the solid shaft (210) and an extension sleeve (320) mounted on the upper end of the drawbar rod (310), the extension end of the extension sleeve (320) extending out from the mounting chamber structure; A drawbar drive mechanism (400) includes an outer cavity shell (410) connected and installed on the connecting platform (110) and a movable sleeve (420) movably disposed inside the outer cavity shell (410). A spring (430) is installed at the lower end inside the outer cavity shell (410). The lower end of the movable sleeve (420) is connected to the upper end of the spring (430). An air cavity (401) is formed between the upper end of the movable sleeve (420) and the lower end face of the connecting platform (110). The outer cavity shell (410) is connected to a high-pressure air source. The high-pressure gas is introduced into the air cavity (401) to press down the movable sleeve (420). The movable sleeve (420) presses down the extension sleeve frame (320), thereby driving the drawbar mechanism (300).

2. The composite metal cutting machine tool spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spindle section (200) also includes: A retaining ring (220) is fixedly welded to the lower end of the solid shaft (210); Spring 2 (230) is fitted on the lower end of the solid shaft (210), and the lower end of the spring 2 (230) is fixedly connected to the retaining ring (220). The upper end of the spring 2 (230) is in contact with the extension end of the extension sleeve (320). A pulley (240) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the solid shaft (210); A coupling (250) is connected to the upper end of the solid shaft (210).

3. The composite metal cutting machine tool spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The solid shaft (210) includes: A cylindrical cavity (211) is formed at the lower end of a solid shaft (210). Through openings (212) are formed on both sides of the cylindrical cavity (211). The extended end of the extension sleeve (320) extends out from the through openings (212). An external expansion cavity (213) is formed at the lower end of the solid shaft (210) and is connected to the lower end of the cylindrical cavity (211); A conical cavity (214) is formed at the lower end of the solid shaft (210) and communicates with the lower end of the outwardly expanding cavity (213); The lower end of the solid shaft (210) consists of a conical cavity (214), an expanded cavity (213), and a cylindrical cavity (211) from bottom to top. The three cavities are connected to form an installation chamber structure. The outer ring end (215) is fixedly welded to the lower end of the solid shaft (210); A limiting slot (216) is formed on the lower end face of the outer ring end (215); Airway 1 (217) is located at the upper end of the cylindrical cavity (211).

4. The composite metal cutting machine tool spindle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The middle part of the outer expansion cavity (213) is a cylindrical cavity (201), and the upper and lower ends are frustoconical cavities (202). The diameter of the cylindrical cavity (201) in the middle part is larger than the diameter of the cylindrical cavity (211). A ring magnet (203) is also fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity (201) of the outer expansion cavity (213).

5. The composite metal cutting machine tool spindle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drawbar (310) includes: A slot (311) is provided at the lower end of the pull rod (310); A plug-in mounting port (312) is provided at the lower end of the sleeve slot (311); Limiting block (313), the limiting block (313) is fixedly disposed on the upper and lower surfaces inside the plug-in mounting port (312); A knife-stop insert (314) is movably inserted into the insertion and mounting port (312). Grooves (315) are provided on the upper and lower end faces of the knife-stop insert (314), and the limiting block (313) is engaged in the groove (315). A threaded hole (316) is provided at the upper end of the pull rod (310) for connecting and installing the extension sleeve (320).

6. The composite metal cutting machine tool spindle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pull rod (310) is a columnar structure. The diameter of the pull rod (310) matches the diameter of the cylindrical cavity (211). The length of the pull rod (310) matches the depth of the cylindrical cavity (211). The upper end of the pull rod (310) is also provided with an air passage (301), which is connected to the sleeve groove (311).

7. The composite metal cutting machine tool spindle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The extended sleeve (320) includes: An extension plug (321) is used to be inserted into the through-hole (212); A semi-ring sleeve (322) is fixedly mounted on the extension insert (321) and is used to fit onto the pull rod (310); A long bolt (323) is threaded to one end of the extension plug (321) for threaded connection with the threaded hole (316); Outer protrusion (324) is fixedly disposed at both ends of the semi-ring sleeve (322).

8. The composite metal cutting machine tool spindle according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outer cavity shell (410) includes: An air source connector (411) is fixedly disposed on the upper end of the outer wall of the outer cavity shell (410); Air passage three (412), which is opened at the upper end of the outer cavity shell (410), is used to guide the gas input by the gas source connector (411) into the air cavity (401) at the upper end of the outer cavity shell (410); A retaining ring frame (413) is fixedly welded to the lower end of the inner cavity shell (410), and the lower end of the spring (430) is fixedly disposed inside the retaining ring frame (413). The bearing (414) is installed in the opening at the lower end of the outer shell (410), and the lower end of the solid shaft (210) is connected to the bearing (414).

9. The composite metal cutting machine tool spindle according to claim 8, characterized in that, The movable sleeve (420) includes: A pressure ring end (421) is fixedly disposed inside the upper end of the movable sleeve (420) and is used to press down the extension insert (321); The upper clearance portion (422) is formed at the upper end of the movable sleeve (420) by the pressure ring end (421) separating the movable sleeve (420). The upper clearance portion (422) is used to make way for the bearing seat end (120). The lower clearance portion (423) is formed at the lower end of the movable sleeve (420) by the pressure ring end (421) separating the movable sleeve (420). The lower clearance portion (423) is used to make way for the extension sleeve (320), the retaining ring (220) and the second spring (230). The recess (424) is formed at the lower end of the inner wall of the movable sleeve (420) to allow the spring (430) to move, and the upper end of the spring (430) is fixedly connected to the top of the recess (424).

10. The composite metal cutting machine tool spindle according to claim 9, characterized in that, The broaching mechanism (300) further includes a cutting tool section (500), which includes: Blade tip (510); The tool holder (520) is connected to the tool head (510). The tool holder (520) includes a reinforcing block (521) and a limiting block (522) fixedly disposed at the edge of the upper end face of the reinforcing block (521). The limiting block (522) is inserted into the limiting groove (216). A conical end (523) is fixedly disposed at the center of the reinforcing block (521). The conical end (523) matches the conical cavity (214). A column rod (524) is fixedly disposed at the upper end of the conical end (523). A pusher head (525) for pushing the knife stop bar (314) is fixedly welded to the upper end of the column rod (524).

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