Free-form surface building facing forming method

Abstract

The invention discloses a free-form surface building facing forming method. The method comprises the steps that a BIM drawing of a free-form surface building facing is established; the method comprises the following steps: physically and chemically segmenting a BIM drawing of a free-form surface building veneer into a plurality of double-curved-surface plates, and unfolding the double-curved-surface plates into plane plates; cutting the metal plate according to the unfolded plane plate to form a plane metal plate block; the plane metal plate is transported to a construction site and placed on a building structure; the plane metal plates are cold-rolled on a building structure to form hyperbolic metal plates, and the hyperbolic metal plates are spliced and mounted on free-form surface keels of a building veneer to form the free-form surface building veneer. Splicing gaps between the adjacent hyperbolic metal plates are eliminated, and integral surface shape control construction of the free-form surface building facing is achieved; the problems that the curvature error is large due to the fact that a hyperbolic aluminum plate is machined at the factory end, and due to curvature change caused by the metal rebound phenomenon in the transportation process, the splicing gap is large, splicing dislocation is caused or materials are wasted due to the fact that splicing installation cannot be achieved are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of building engineering, and particularly relates to a forming method of a free-form surface building facing. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing complexity of building shapes, free-form surface building facings are widely used in large public buildings. The building facings include roof facings and curtain wall facings. The existing technology has the following main problems: the free-form surface building facings are spliced by a plurality of double-curved aluminum plate units processed in a factory, the curvature forming precision of each double-curved aluminum plate unit is low, and the error is large, which easily leads to splicing misplacement and causes the overall surface shape of the building facing to be poor. In addition, the double-curved aluminum plate units after processing will be affected by the elastic deformation characteristics of the double-curved aluminum plate during transportation, which will cause the curvature forming of the double-curved aluminum plate units to have a rebound phenomenon, affecting the curvature forming precision. The double-curved aluminum plate units with large cold bending errors or the double-curved aluminum plate units with curvature forming changes during transportation cannot be spliced and used, resulting in a large amount of waste materials and causing material waste. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a forming method of a free-form surface building facing to solve the problems that the splicing joints are misaligned, the overall surface shape is poor, and the curvature error of the double-curved aluminum plate units processed at the factory end is large, which leads to large splicing gaps, splicing misplacement, or the curvature changes caused by the metal rebound phenomenon during transportation, which leads to the inability to splice and install and causes material waste.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the present application is: a forming method of a free-form surface building facing, comprising the following steps: Step S1, establishing a BIM graph of the free-form surface building facing; Step S2, rationally dividing the BIM graph of the free-form surface building facing into a plurality of double-curved surface plates, and expanding the double-curved surface plates into plane plates; Step S3, cutting a metal plate according to the expanded plane plates to form plane metal plate blocks; Step S4, transporting the plane metal plate blocks to a construction site and placing them on a building structure; Step S5, splicing and installing the plane metal plate blocks on a free-form surface keel of the building structure and cold bending them into double-curved metal plate blocks to form a free-form surface building facing.

[0005] Further, the forming method of the free-form surface building facing provided by the present application, in step S2, rationally divides the BIM graph of the free-form surface building facing into a plurality of double-curved surface plates by a non-uniform rational B-spline method.

[0006] Further, the free-form surface building facade forming method provided by the present application, in step S2, the method for unfolding the hyperboloid panel into a planar panel is: The four-corner three-dimensional coordinates and boundary normal vector of the hyperboloid panel are extracted by three-dimensional drawing software and unfolded into a planar panel.

[0007] Further, the free-form surface building facade forming method provided by the present application, in step S3, the planar metal plate is cut by a numerical control cutting device according to the specification of the unfolded planar panel to form a planar metal plate.

[0008] Further, the free-form surface building facade forming method provided by the present application, in step S3, the metal plate is an aluminum plate.

[0009] Further, the free-form surface building facade forming method provided by the present application, in step S5, the method for splicing and installing the planar metal plate on the free-form surface keel of the building structure and cold bending to form a hyperbolic metal plate includes: The corner points and / or boundary lines of the planar metal plate are pulled tight or pressed tight by the plate edge adjustable clamp to form a hyperbolic metal plate, which is fixedly arranged on the support corresponding to the position of the free-form surface keel and cold-bent to form a hyperbolic metal plate.

[0010] Further, the free-form surface building facade forming method provided by the present application further includes: In step S1, a BIM diagram of the free-form surface building facade containing a facade keel is established; In step S2, the facade keel in the BIM diagram of the free-form surface building facade is rationally divided into a plurality of hyperboloid keels, and the hyperboloid keels are unfolded into straight-line keels; In step S3, the metal pipe is cut according to the unfolded straight-line keel to form a straight-line metal pipe keel; In step S4, the straight-line metal pipe keel is transported to the construction site and hoisted to the building facade; In step S5, the straight-line metal pipe keel is spliced and installed on the building structure and cold-bent to form a hyperbolic metal pipe keel to form a free-form surface keel, and then the single-curved metal panel is spliced and installed on the free-form surface keel and cold-bent to form a hyperbolic metal panel to form a free-form surface building facade.

[0011] Further, the free-form surface building facade forming method provided by the present application, the metal pipe is a steel pipe.

[0012] Further, the free-form surface building facade forming method provided by the present application, In step S2, the hyperboloid panel is unfolded into a single-curved panel, which is used instead of a planar panel; In step S3, the metal sheet is cut according to the unfolded single-curved panel to form a single-curved metal panel block; In step S4, the single-curved metal panel block is transported to the construction site and hoisted onto the free-form keel of the building facade; In step S5, the single-curved metal panel blocks are spliced ​​and installed on the free-form keel of the building facade and cold-bent into double-curved metal panels to form a free-form building facade.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The free-form architectural veneer forming method provided by this invention rationally divides the BIM drawing into hyperbolic panels and unfolds them into flat panels. Based on the unfolded flat panels, metal sheets are cut to form flat metal plates. Then, the flat metal plates are cold-bent into hyperbolic metal plates on the building structure and spliced ​​onto the free-form keel of the architectural veneer. Thus, the construction and overall surface shape control of the free-form architectural veneer are formed through a three-level collaborative process of BIM modeling and rational division of the free-form architectural veneer, flat cutting of the sheet material, and on-site cold bending into hyperbolic metal plates. By cold-bending flat metal panels onto the building facade using their elastic deformation properties, hyperboloid metal panels with curvature suitable for free-form keels are formed. These hyperboloid metal panels are then forcibly constrained to the keel of the building facade using mounting components, eliminating splicing gaps between adjacent hyperboloid metal panels. After all hyperboloid metal panels are spliced ​​together, a free-form building facade is formed. This improves the overall surface accuracy of the free-form building facade after splicing and installation, avoiding the problems of large curvature errors caused by processing hyperboloid aluminum panels at the factory, and large splicing gaps, misalignment, or inability to splice and install due to curvature changes caused by metal springback during transportation, which lead to material waste. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a freeform surface building veneer forming method according to one embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a BIM drawing rationally divided into hyperbolic panels; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a hyperbolic panel unfolded into a flat panel; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of another embodiment of a freeform surface architectural veneer forming method. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become clearer from the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the illustration of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0016] Example 1 Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a method for forming free-form architectural cladding, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Create a BIM drawing of the freeform building facade. This can be done using Rhino 3D software with the built-in parametric modeling plugin Grasshopper to model the freeform building facade and create a BIM drawing, i.e., to create a digital twin model of the roof.

[0017] Step S2 involves rationally segmenting the BIM drawing of the freeform architectural veneer into several hyperbolic panels, and then unfolding these hyperbolic panels into flat panels. This can be achieved using NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) to rationally segment the complete BIM drawing of the freeform architectural veneer with hypercurvature into several hyperbolic panels. Figure 2 This example illustrates the rational division of a BIM drawing into several hyperbolic panels of different sizes. The 3D coordinates of the four corner points and the boundary normal vectors of the hyperbolic panels can be extracted using 3D modeling software and then unfolded into a planar panel. Figure 3 The example illustrates the scenario where a hyperbolic panel ABCD is unfolded into a flat panel ABCD1. By breaking down the entire surface into smaller parts, the complete freeform architectural veneer with hyperbolic curvature is rationally divided into countless hyperbolic panels.

[0018] Step S3 involves cutting the metal sheet into planar metal plates based on the unfolded flat panel. The metal sheet is an aluminum plate. To improve cutting accuracy, CNC cutting equipment is used to cut the metal sheet into planar metal plates according to the specifications of the unfolded flat panel. This involves CNC precision cutting, unfolding the keel into a straight line and the panel into a planar shape. The actual curvature of each planar metal plate is controlled within the elastic deformation range that the material and installation process can withstand. Cutting into planar metal plates, compared to using hyperbolic aluminum plates, improves processing efficiency and shortens the manufacturing cycle.

[0019] Step S4: Transport the flat metal panels to the construction site and place them onto the building structure. At this point, when the building cladding is a roof cladding, the corresponding building structure is the building roof; when the building cladding is a wall cladding, the corresponding building structure is the building wall.

[0020] Step S5 involves splicing and installing the flat metal panels onto the free-form keel of the building facade and cold-bending them into hyperbolic metal panels to form the free-form building facade. This completes the on-site construction and overall surface shape control of the free-form building facade. When the flat metal panels are fixed to the three-dimensional curved surface of the free-form keel with hyperbole, the flat metal panels will undergo slight elastic bending to adapt to the curvature of the free-form keel; this process can be called the coarse-line shaping process. When fixing the flat metal panels to the free-form keel cannot meet the hyperbole requirements, adjustable clamps such as panel connectors, panel mounting parts, pressure blocks, and adapters can be used to tighten or press the corners and / or edges of the on-site cold-bent hyperbolic metal panels to the corresponding supports on the free-form keel; this process can be called the fine-line shaping process. Since the hyperbola of a cold-bent hyperbola metal panel cannot meet the requirements simply by cold-bending a flat metal panel with elastic deformation characteristics, it is necessary to use adjustable edge clamps to forcibly constrain the cold-bent hyperbola metal panel onto the free-curved keel of the building facade. This ensures that the hyperbola of the cold-bent hyperbola metal panel meets the requirements, thereby eliminating the splicing gaps between the panels and ensuring the installation accuracy of the hyperbola of the hyperbola metal panel.

[0021] The free-form architectural veneer forming method provided in Embodiment 1 of this invention rationally divides the BIM drawing into hyperbolic panels and unfolds them into flat panels. Based on the unfolded flat panels, metal sheets are cut to form flat metal slabs. These flat metal slabs are then cold-bent into hyperbolic metal slabs on the building structure and spliced ​​onto the free-form keel of the architectural veneer. This three-level collaborative process—BIM modeling and rational division of the free-form architectural veneer, flat panel cutting, and on-site cold bending into hyperbolic metal slabs—forms the construction and overall surface shape control of the free-form architectural veneer. Furthermore, by utilizing the elastic deformation characteristics of the flat metal slabs on the architectural veneer... The process involves cold bending to form hyperboloid metal panels with curvature suitable for free-form keel structures. These panels are then forcibly constrained to the keel of the building facade using mounting hardware, eliminating gaps between adjacent panels. Once all panels are assembled, a free-form building facade is formed. This improves the overall surface accuracy of the free-form building facade after assembly, avoiding the problems of large curvature errors caused by processing hyperboloid aluminum panels in the factory and large gaps, misalignments, or inability to assemble due to metal springback during transportation, which leads to material waste. This also reduces the high scrap rate associated with processing hyperboloid aluminum panels in the factory.

[0022] Please refer to Figure 1 To achieve the objectives of this invention, the freeform surface architectural cladding forming method provided in Embodiment 1 of this invention may further include: In step S2, the hyperbolic panel is unfolded into a single-curved panel to replace the flat panel.

[0023] In step S3, the metal sheet is cut according to the unfolded single-curved panel to form a single-curved metal panel block.

[0024] In step S4, the single-curved metal panel block is transported to the construction site and hoisted onto the free-form keel of the building structure.

[0025] In step S5, the single-curved metal panel blocks are spliced ​​and installed on the free-form keel of the building facade and cold-bent into double-curved metal panels to form a free-form building facade.

[0026] Example 2 Please refer to Figure 4 Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a method for forming free-form architectural cladding, which is an improvement on Embodiment 1. The difference is that it may further include: In step S1, a BIM drawing of a free-form building facade containing a decorative keel is created.

[0027] In step S2, the decorative keel in the BIM drawing of the freeform building facade is rationally divided into several hyperboloid keels, and the hyperboloid keels are unfolded into straight keels.

[0028] In step S3, the metal pipe is cut according to the unfolded straight keel to form a straight metal pipe keel. The metal pipe is a steel pipe.

[0029] In step S4, the straight metal pipe keel is transported to the construction site and hoisted onto the building structure.

[0030] In step S5, straight metal pipe keel is first spliced ​​and installed on the building structure and cold-bent into hyperbolic metal pipe keel to form free-form surface keel. Then, single-curved metal panel blocks are spliced ​​and installed on free-form surface keel and cold-bent into hyperbolic metal panels to form free-form surface building veneer.

[0031] The free-form building cladding molding method provided in the above embodiments of the present invention can simultaneously install and mold the panels, as well as simultaneously install and mold the keel. This avoids the problems of large curvature errors caused by processing the double-curved aluminum panels in the factory, and large splicing gaps, misalignment, or inability to install due to metal springback during transportation, which lead to material waste.

[0032] This invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Obviously, the embodiments described above are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this invention are within the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art can make other modifications and variations to this invention. Therefore, if these modifications and variations of this invention fall within the scope of the claims of this invention, then this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for forming free-form architectural cladding, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Create BIM drawings of freeform architectural finishes; Step S2: The BIM drawing of the freeform architectural veneer is rationally divided into several hyperbolic panels, and the hyperbolic panels are unfolded into flat panels. Step S3: Cut the metal sheet into flat metal plates based on the unfolded flat plate; Step S4: Transport the flat metal sheet to the construction site and place it on the building structure; Step S5: The flat metal panels are spliced ​​and installed on the free-form keel of the building structure and cold-bent into hyperbolic metal panels to form a free-form building facade.

2. The method for forming freeform architectural cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the BIM drawing of the freeform architectural veneer is rationally divided into several hyperbolic panels using a non-uniform rational B-spline method.

3. The method for forming freeform architectural cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the method for unfolding the hyperbolic panel into a flat panel is as follows: The three-dimensional coordinates of the four corner points and the boundary normal vectors of the hyperbolic panel are extracted using three-dimensional drawing software and then unfolded into a planar panel.

4. The method for forming free-form architectural cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the metal sheet is cut into planar metal plates according to the specifications of the unfolded planar plate using a CNC cutting device.

5. The method for forming freeform architectural cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the metal sheet is an aluminum sheet.

6. The method for forming free-form architectural cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the method of splicing and installing the planar metal panels onto the free-form keel of the building facade and cold-bending them into hyperbolic metal panels includes: The corners and / or edges of the flat metal plate are tightened or pressed by the adjustable clamps to form a hyperbolic metal plate. The plate is then fixed to the support at the corresponding position of the free-form keel and cold-bent into a hyperbolic metal plate.

7. The method for forming freeform architectural cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: In step S1, a BIM drawing of a free-form building facade containing a decorative keel is created; In step S2, the cladding keel in the BIM drawing of the freeform building cladding is rationally divided into several hyperboloid keels, and the hyperboloid keels are unfolded into straight keels. In step S3, the metal pipe is cut according to the unfolded straight keel to form a straight metal pipe keel; In step S4, the straight metal pipe keel is transported to the construction site and hoisted onto the building structure; In step S5, straight metal pipe keel is first spliced ​​and installed on the building structure and cold-bent into hyperbolic metal pipe keel to form free-form surface keel. Then, single-curved metal panel blocks are spliced ​​and installed on free-form surface keel and cold-bent into hyperbolic metal panels to form free-form surface building veneer.

8. The method for forming freeform architectural cladding according to claim 7, characterized in that, The metal pipe is a steel pipe.

9. The method for forming freeform architectural cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the hyperbolic panel is unfolded into a single-curved panel to replace the flat panel; In step S3, the metal sheet is cut according to the unfolded single-curved panel to form a single-curved metal panel block; In step S4, the single-curved metal panel is transported to the construction site and hoisted onto the building structure; In step S5, the single-curved metal panel blocks are spliced ​​and installed on the free-form keel of the building structure and cold-bent into double-curved metal panels to form a free-form building facade.

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