Method for preparing environment-friendly domestic porcelain from waste domestic porcelain

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing environment-friendly domestic porcelain from waste domestic porcelain, and relates to the technical field of domestic porcelain, and the environment-friendly domestic porcelain is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of recycled porcelain powder, 28-38 parts of kaolin, 12-17 parts of porcelain clay, 10-15 parts of quartz, 18-23 parts of albite and 0.2-0.5 part of maltodextrin. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing the waste domestic porcelain into recycled porcelain powder; mixing and ball-milling the recycled porcelain powder, kaolin, porcelain clay, quartz, albite and maltodextrin in parts by mass to obtain slurry; squeezing, sinking and pugging the mud to obtain strip mud; molding and glazing the strip clay; and sintering the glazed green body to obtain the environment-friendly domestic porcelain. According to the invention, the resource consumption and environmental pollution can be obviously reduced, the plasticity and molding stability of the pug can be improved, the uniform formation of a glass phase and a mullite crystal phase can be promoted through a specific component ratio and multi-stage sintering, and the qualified rate of finished products is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of daily-use ceramics technology, and in particular to a method for preparing environmentally friendly daily-use ceramics from waste daily-use ceramics. Background Technology

[0002] Daily-use porcelain, as an essential part of daily life, is durable and aesthetically pleasing, and is widely used in tableware, kitchenware, and other fields. With the rapid development of my country's ceramics industry, the output of daily-use porcelain has increased year by year. However, traditional daily-use porcelain production mainly relies on primary mineral resources, and is produced through processes such as mining, crushing, ball milling, molding, and firing. This production method presents significant environmental and resource problems: firstly, it consumes huge amounts of mineral resources; secondly, it generates a large amount of waste porcelain, mainly from the production of substandard products (with a pass rate of approximately 85%) and consumer discards. Traditional disposal methods primarily involve landfilling or open-air dumping, which easily leads to heavy metal pollution of the soil and the occupation of land resources.

[0003] To alleviate the aforementioned problems, existing technologies have attempted to recycle waste daily-use porcelain. However, current recycling methods still face key technical challenges: First, the complex composition of waste porcelain (containing impurities such as Fe2O3 and CaO) results in uneven particle size distribution after crushing, leading to poor plasticity of the clay (plasticity index <0.4), making it prone to cracking and deformation during molding, and resulting in a flexural strength of less than 3.5 MPa for the finished dry blank. Second, the lack of effective plasticizing additives affects firing uniformity. Third, the recycling ratio is limited (clay stability decreases when >30%), with an overall pass rate of only about 85%, which cannot meet the needs of industrial-scale production. These problems not only limit the efficient utilization rate of waste porcelain but also increase the risk of secondary pollution, making it difficult to achieve the sustainable development of environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain from waste daily-use porcelain, the specific technical solution of which is as follows: A method for preparing environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain from waste porcelain, wherein the environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain comprises, by weight, the following components: 20-25 parts recycled porcelain powder, 28-38 parts kaolin, 12-17 parts porcelain clay, 10-15 parts quartz, 18-23 parts albite, and 0.2-0.5 parts maltodextrin; the preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Process waste daily-use porcelain into recycled porcelain powder; S2. The recycled porcelain powder, kaolin, porcelain clay, quartz, albite and maltodextrin are mixed in parts by mass and ball-milled to obtain a slurry; S3. The mud slurry is subjected to pressing, settling, and kneading to obtain strip mud; S4. Shape and glaze the clay strips; S5. The glazed body is fired to obtain the environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain.

[0005] Preferably: The kaolin is secondary washed kaolin and / or kaolin washing mud; And / or the kaolin mentioned is secondary washed kaolin; And / or the recovered ceramic powder is TiO2-modified recovered ceramic powder; And / or the quartz is Ag-modified quartz.

[0006] Preferably: The kaolin is selected from at least one of Longyan soil or Shaoguan washed mud. And / or the porcelain clay mentioned is selected from Guangxi porcelain clay; And / or the albite is selected from albite tailings.

[0007] Preferably, the environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain is made from the following components by weight: 20-25 parts recycled porcelain powder, 8-13 parts Longyan clay, 20-25 parts Shaoguan washed mud, 12-17 parts Guangxi porcelain mud, 10-15 parts quartz, 18-23 parts sodium feldspar tailings, and 0.2-0.5 parts maltodextrin.

[0008] Preferably: In step S2, the mixing ball milling specifically includes: mixing the component mixture with grinding media and dispersion media at a mass ratio of 1:(1.4~1.7):(1.0~1.3), performing wet ball milling, and obtaining a slurry; In step S3, the pressing of mud specifically includes: using a hydraulic press or a vacuum filter to dewater and filter the mud slurry to obtain mud cake; The settling process specifically includes: placing the mud cake in a settling chamber and allowing it to stand and mature for 24-48 hours; The specific process of the mud refining includes: placing the settled mud cake in a vacuum mud refining machine for extrusion and refining to obtain strip mud; In step S4, the molding process specifically includes: rolling or pressing the clay strips to obtain a blank, and then drying it. The glazing process specifically includes: immersing the dried body in a pre-prepared glaze slurry, followed by drying and shaping. In step S5, the firing process specifically includes: multi-stage firing in an oxidizing flame atmosphere, wherein the multi-stage firing process includes preheating at 520~650℃, oxidizing and holding at 950~1050℃, high-temperature sintering at 1195~1205℃, cooling at 650~500℃, and then cooling to room temperature.

[0009] Preferably: In step S2, the grinding medium is medium alumina balls, the dispersing medium is water, the ball milling time is 12-13 hours, and the slurry fineness is 0.1%-0.2% residue on a 250-mesh sieve. In step S3, the moisture content of the mud strips is (22.0±1.5)%; In step S4, the concentration of the pre-mixed glaze slurry is 1.40~1.60 g / mL, and the glaze thickness is 0.5~1.0 mm; In step S5, the preheating and calcination time is 25-35 min, the oxidation and heat preservation time is 45-60 min, the high-temperature sintering time is 28-35 min, and the cooling time is 25-35 min.

[0010] Preferably, step S1 specifically includes the following sub-steps: a1. Collect waste daily-use porcelain and pre-clean it to remove surface impurities; a2. The cleaned waste porcelain is coarsely crushed using a jaw crusher, with the crushed particle size controlled to be 2~5cm; a3. The crushed material is fed into a ball mill, and medium-aluminum balls with diameters of 3cm, 4cm, and 5cm are added as grinding media. The weight ratio of the three types of medium-aluminum balls is 2:1:2, and they are added according to a volume ratio V. 研磨介质 :V 破碎物料 :V 分散介质 A dispersion medium was added in a ratio of 3:2:1, and the mixture was wet-milled to obtain a ball-milled slurry. a4. The ball-milled slurry is graded and separated by passing it through a 250-mesh wet sieve, with the residue controlled to be ≤3%, and then dehydrated and pressure filtered or vacuum filtered to obtain the recovered ceramic powder.

[0011] Preferably, the recycled ceramic powder is TiO2-modified recycled ceramic powder, which is prepared through the following steps: b1. The recovered ceramic powder is placed in a mixed solvent of ethanol / water with a volume ratio of 1:1, and ultrasonically dispersed for 25-35 minutes to form a suspension; b2. Tetrabutyl titanate is slowly added dropwise to the suspension as a TiO2 precursor, and the pH is adjusted to 3-4 to initiate the reaction; b3. Stir the reaction at room temperature for 1.5~2.5h, and then separate and filter the reaction products; b4. Wash with deionized water 3-5 times, then dry at 80℃ for 3-5 hours, and pre-calcine at 380-420℃ for 0.5-1.5 hours to obtain the TiO2 modified recycled ceramic powder.

[0012] Preferably, the quartz is Ag-modified quartz, which is prepared by the following steps: c1. Place quartz powder in ethanol solvent and disperse it ultrasonically for 15-25 minutes to form a uniform suspension; c2. Add silver nitrate as an Ag precursor to the suspension and add 0.05M NaBH4 as a reducing agent; c3. Adjust the pH to 8-9 and stir the reaction at room temperature for 45-75 minutes; c4. The reaction product is centrifuged and washed with ethanol and deionized water alternately 3 to 5 times to remove unreacted substances, and then dried at 50 to 70°C for 2 to 4 hours to obtain the Ag-modified quartz.

[0013] Preferably: In step b1, the ultrasonic dispersion power is 40~50kHz; In step b2, the tetrabutyl titanate is added at a rate of 1-2 mL / min, and the pH adjuster is dilute hydrochloric acid; In step b4, the pre-calcination heating rate is <5℃ / min; In step c1, the ultrasonic dispersion power is 40 kHz; In step c2, the concentration of silver nitrate is 0.01~0.05M, and the amount of NaBH4 added is 1.5~2 times the molar amount of silver nitrate; In step c3, the pH adjuster is dilute sodium hydroxide, and the stirring speed is 300~500 rpm; In step c4, the centrifugation speed is 5000~8000 rpm, and the drying heating rate is <3℃ / min.

[0014] The method for preparing environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain from waste daily-use porcelain provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects: Significantly reduces resource consumption and environmental pollution: By replacing primary minerals with 20-25 parts of recycled porcelain powder, the amount of mineral mining and waste porcelain landfill is reduced, avoiding heavy metal pollution of soil and land occupation, and realizing resource recycling.

[0015] Improved plasticity and molding stability of clay: The addition of maltodextrin optimizes particle dispersion, improves the plasticity index of clay, controls the fineness of slurry, and results in higher flexural strength of dry blanks. It effectively solves the problem of cracks and deformation caused by uneven particle size distribution of recycled ceramic powder, and reduces the scrap rate of molding.

[0016] The specific component ratio and multi-stage firing promote the uniform formation of glass phase and mullite crystal phase, resulting in a high finished product qualification rate and meeting the needs of industrial-scale production. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below. The description in this part is only exemplary and explanatory, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention in any way.

[0018] This embodiment provides a method for preparing environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain from waste daily-use porcelain. By weight, the environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain comprises the following components: 20-25 parts recycled porcelain powder, 28-38 parts kaolin, 12-17 parts porcelain clay, 10-15 parts quartz, 18-23 parts albite, and 0.2-0.5 parts maltodextrin. The preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Waste daily-use porcelain is processed into recycled porcelain powder.

[0019] S2. The recycled porcelain powder, kaolin, porcelain clay, quartz, albite and maltodextrin are mixed in parts by mass and ball-milled to obtain a slurry.

[0020] S3. The mud is pressed, settled, and kneaded to obtain strip mud.

[0021] S4. Shape the clay strips and glaze them.

[0022] S5. Fire the glazed body to obtain environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain.

[0023] The environmentally friendly daily-use ceramics produced contain 70-72% silicon dioxide, 22-24% aluminum oxide, 0.9-1.2% ferric oxide, 0.6-0.9% titanium oxide, 1.5-2.0% potassium oxide, 1.8-2.3% sodium oxide, 1.1-1.6% calcium oxide, and 0.3-0.6% magnesium oxide. Recycled porcelain powder serves as the core lean component, providing the SiO2 and Al2O3 framework structure and replacing some of the primary mineral resources. Kaolin and porcelain clay serve as plastic components, ensuring the cohesiveness and uniform dispersion of the clay. Quartz serves as the framework component, supplementing high-purity SiO2 and enhancing the thermal stability and deformation resistance of the finished product. Sodium feldspar serves as the fluxing component, providing K2O and Na2O, lowering the firing temperature and promoting the formation of the glass phase. Maltodextrin serves as an organic plasticizer with good water solubility and gelling properties. During ball milling, it adsorbs onto the particle surface, forming a flexible network, improving interparticle lubrication and dispersion, and optimizing particle size distribution.

[0024] Step S1 involves wet crushing, ball milling, and sieving to prepare recycled porcelain powder, ensuring uniform particle size, avoiding dust pollution from dry processes, and reducing energy consumption. In Step S2, the components are wet-milled for 3-5 hours at a specific ball milling ratio. Maltodextrin, in conjunction with an aqueous medium, controls the fineness of the slurry, improving the uneven composition of the recycled porcelain powder and forming a stable suspension system. Step S3, the pressing, settling, and refining process, eliminates internal stress and improves the plasticity of the clay strips through vacuum filtration dehydration, aging, and vacuum extrusion. Step S4, the rolling / plastic pressing and impregnation glazing, utilizes the uniform plasticity of the clay strips to avoid cracking. Step S5, the multi-stage firing process, ensures uniform phase transformation, resulting in a finished product with low water absorption and good thermal stability. These steps synergistically optimize the interfacial compatibility of the recycled porcelain powder, achieving uniform particle size distribution, improved plasticity, and firing densification, thereby solving the stability problem of waste porcelain recycling.

[0025] The method for preparing environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain from waste daily-use porcelain provided in this embodiment has the following beneficial effects: Significantly reduces resource consumption and environmental pollution: By replacing primary minerals with 20-25 parts of recycled porcelain powder, the amount of mineral mining and waste porcelain landfill is reduced, avoiding heavy metal pollution of soil and land occupation, and realizing resource recycling.

[0026] Improved plasticity and molding stability of clay: The addition of maltodextrin optimizes particle dispersion, improves the plasticity index of clay, controls the fineness of slurry, and results in higher flexural strength of dry blanks. It effectively solves the problem of cracks and deformation caused by uneven particle size distribution of recycled ceramic powder, and reduces the scrap rate of molding.

[0027] The specific component ratio and multi-stage firing promote the uniform formation of glass phase and mullite crystal phase, resulting in a high finished product qualification rate and meeting the needs of industrial-scale production.

[0028] Furthermore: Kaolin is secondary washed kaolin and / or kaolin washing mud.

[0029] And / or the kaolin is secondary washed kaolin.

[0030] And / or the recycled ceramic powder is TiO2 modified recycled ceramic powder.

[0031] And / or the quartz is Ag-modified quartz.

[0032] The selection of kaolin and porcelain clay from specific sources optimizes component purity and particle uniformity. Simultaneously, TiO2-modified recycled porcelain powder and Ag-modified quartz are introduced. A nanolayer is in-situ loaded onto the surface of the recycled porcelain powder and quartz using a sol-gel and chemical reduction method before step S1, forming a TiO2-Ag plasma synergistic interface. This modification enhances particle surface activity, promotes dispersion during ball milling in step S2, and achieves anatase phase stabilization of TiO2 and electron trapping effect of Ag through high-temperature interfacial diffusion during firing in step S5, improving photocatalytic electron-hole separation efficiency. This synergistically achieves self-cleaning and antibacterial functions while maintaining the plasticity and firing uniformity of the clay.

[0033] Beneficially, the use of secondary washing components reduces impurities, improves the stability of the mud, and results in a high pass rate; TiO2-modified recycled ceramic powder imparts photocatalytic self-cleaning, and Ag-modified quartz provides plasma enhancement, solving the problems of easy pollution and hygiene hazards of traditional recycled ceramics, extending service life, reducing environmental pollution, and meeting industrial needs.

[0034] Furthermore: Kaolin is selected from at least one of Longyan soil or Shaoguan washed mud.

[0035] And / or the porcelain clay is selected from Guangxi porcelain clay.

[0036] And / or albite is selected from albite tailings.

[0037] Furthermore, by weight, the environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain is specifically made from the following components: 20-25 parts recycled porcelain powder, 8-13 parts Longyan clay, 20-25 parts Shaoguan washed mud, 12-17 parts Guangxi porcelain clay, 10-15 parts quartz, 18-23 parts sodium feldspar tailings, and 0.2-0.5 parts maltodextrin.

[0038] Furthermore: In step S2, the mixing ball milling specifically includes: mixing the component mixture with the grinding media and the dispersion media at a mass ratio of 1:(1.4~1.7):(1.0~1.3), and performing wet ball milling to obtain a slurry.

[0039] In step S3, the pressing of mud specifically includes: using a hydraulic press or a vacuum filter to dewater and filter the mud slurry to obtain mud cake.

[0040] The specific process of settling and composting includes placing the mud cake in a settling and composting room and letting it stand for 24 to 48 hours.

[0041] The specific process of clay refining includes: placing the settled clay cake in a vacuum clay refining machine for extrusion and refining to obtain strip clay.

[0042] In step S4, the molding process specifically includes: rolling or pressing the clay strips to obtain a blank, and then drying it.

[0043] Glazing specifically involves immersing the dried body in a pre-mixed glaze slurry, followed by drying and shaping.

[0044] In step S5, the firing process specifically includes: multi-stage firing in an oxidizing flame atmosphere, which includes preheating at 520~650℃, oxidizing and holding at 950~1050℃, high-temperature sintering at 1195~1205℃, cooling at 650~500℃, and then cooling to room temperature.

[0045] In this process, step S2 involves wet ball milling using alumina balls and water as the medium for uniform grinding for 3-5 hours, with maltodextrin reducing friction. Step S3 involves vacuum filtration to dehydrate the slurry into a cake, followed by 24-48 hours of settling to eliminate air bubbles, and then vacuum extrusion to increase density. Step S4 involves rolling / pressing the slurry, followed by drying and glazing. Step S5 involves multi-stage firing to gradually control phase transformation and avoid thermal shock. These steps synergistically optimize the interface evolution from slurry to finished product, ensuring the stable embedding of the modified nanolayer during firing.

[0046] Furthermore: In step S2, the grinding medium is medium alumina balls, the dispersion medium is water, the ball milling time is 12~13h, and the slurry fineness is 0.1%~0.2% residue on a 250 mesh sieve.

[0047] In step S3, the moisture content of the mud strips is (22.0±1.5)%.

[0048] In step S4, the concentration of the pre-mixed glaze slurry is 1.40~1.60 g / mL, and the glaze thickness is 0.5~1.0 mm.

[0049] In step S5, the preheating and calcination time is 25-35 min, the oxidation and holding time is 45-60 min, the high-temperature sintering time is 28-35 min, and the cooling time is 25-35 min.

[0050] Furthermore, step S1 specifically includes the following sub-steps: a1. Collect waste daily-use porcelain and pre-clean it to remove surface impurities.

[0051] a2. After cleaning, the waste daily-use porcelain is coarsely crushed using a jaw crusher, with the particle size controlled to be 2~5cm.

[0052] a3. The crushed material is fed into a ball mill, and medium-aluminum balls with diameters of 3cm, 4cm, and 5cm are added as grinding media. The weight ratio of the three types of medium-aluminum balls is 2:1:2, and they are added according to a volume ratio V. 研磨介质 :V 破碎物料 :V 分散介质 A dispersion medium was added in a ratio of 3:2:1, and wet ball milling was performed to obtain a ball mill slurry.

[0053] a4. The ball-milled slurry is graded and separated by passing it through a 250-mesh wet sieve, with the residue controlled to be ≤3%, and then dewatered and pressure filtered or vacuum filtered to obtain recovered ceramic powder.

[0054] Furthermore, the recycled ceramic powder is TiO2-modified recycled ceramic powder, which is prepared through the following steps: b1. The recycled ceramic powder is placed in a mixed solvent of ethanol / water in a volume ratio of 1:1 and ultrasonically dispersed for 25-35 minutes to form a suspension.

[0055] b2. Tetrabutyl titanate was slowly added dropwise to the suspension as a TiO2 precursor, and the pH was adjusted to 3-4 to initiate the reaction.

[0056] b3. Stir the reaction at room temperature for 1.5~2.5h, and then separate and filter the reaction products.

[0057] b4. Wash with deionized water 3-5 times, then dry at 80℃ for 3-5 hours, and pre-calcine at 380-420℃ for 0.5-1.5 hours to obtain TiO2 modified recycled ceramic powder.

[0058] In this process, step b1 involves ultrasonic dispersion to form a suspension; step b2 involves dropwise addition of tetrabutyl titanate for hydrolysis and gelation; step b3 involves stirring at room temperature, followed by step b4 washing, drying, and pre-calcination. This sol-gel method utilizes the recovered silanol-based complexed Ti precursors from the ceramic surface to form a thin layer of TiO2, thereby enhancing surface activity and improving self-cleaning efficiency.

[0059] Furthermore, the quartz is Ag-modified quartz, which is prepared through the following steps: c1. Place quartz powder in ethanol solvent and disperse it by ultrasonication for 15-25 minutes to form a uniform suspension.

[0060] c2. Add silver nitrate to the suspension as an Ag precursor and add 0.05M NaBH4 as a reducing agent.

[0061] c3. Adjust the pH to 8-9 and stir the reaction at room temperature for 45-75 minutes.

[0062] c4. The reaction product is centrifuged and washed with ethanol and deionized water alternately 3 to 5 times to remove unreacted substances. Then it is dried at 50 to 70°C for 2 to 4 hours to obtain Ag-modified quartz.

[0063] In this process, AgNPs are deposited on quartz silanols by chemical reduction to form a plasma trap. This trap works synergistically with TiO2 modification (interfacial reaction after mixing in step S2) to enhance visible light response and optimize the antibacterial mechanism during sintering in S5.

[0064] Furthermore: In step b1, the ultrasonic dispersion power is 40~50kHz.

[0065] In step b2, the tetrabutyl titanate is added at a rate of 1-2 mL / min, and the pH adjuster is dilute hydrochloric acid.

[0066] In step b4, the pre-calcination heating rate is <5℃ / min.

[0067] In step c1, the ultrasonic dispersion power is 40 kHz.

[0068] In step c2, the concentration of silver nitrate is 0.01~0.05M, and the amount of NaBH4 added is 1.5~2 times the molar amount of silver nitrate.

[0069] In step c3, the pH adjuster is dilute sodium hydroxide, and the stirring speed is 300~500 rpm.

[0070] In step c4, the centrifugation speed is 5000~8000 rpm, and the drying heating rate is <3℃ / min.

[0071] Specific embodiments are provided below. These embodiments are intended to enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way.

[0072] Example 1 Waste ceramic ware was collected and pre-cleaned with a high-pressure water gun (0.4 MPa) for 5 minutes to remove more than 95% of organic stains. The ware was then transferred to a jaw crusher for coarse crushing to a particle size of 2.3–4.8 cm (300 rpm, 15 minutes). The crushed material was then fed into a wet ball mill, where medium-alumina balls (3 cm: 4 kg, 4 cm: 2 kg, 5 cm: 4 kg) were added. Deionized water (27 L) was used as the dispersion medium. The ball milling temperature was controlled at 25–28°C (water bath circulation), the milling speed was 42 rpm, and the time was 12.5 hours to obtain a ball mill slurry. The slurry was classified through a 250-mesh wet sieve (2.8% residue), dehydrated and pressure filtered in a vacuum filter (0.07 MPa, 20 minutes), and dried (naturally air-dried to a moisture content of <5%, 24 hours) to obtain recovered ceramic powder.

[0073] The following ingredients are prepared by weight: 20 kg of recycled porcelain powder, 8 kg of Longyan clay, 21 kg of Shaoguan washed mud, 17 kg of Guangxi porcelain mud, 11 kg of quartz, 23 kg of albite tailings, and 0.2 kg of maltodextrin (dissolved in 50 mL of hot water). The mixture is added to a ball mill along with 140 kg of alumina balls (2-5 cm in diameter) and 100 L of deionized water. The milling process is carried out at 40 rpm, 26-29°C, and for 12.5 h to obtain a slurry.

[0074] The mud slurry (200 L) was dewatered using a hydraulic press (pressure 0.08 MPa) to obtain a mud cake (thickness 3.5 cm). The mud cake was placed in a settling chamber (temperature 22~24℃, humidity 85%) and allowed to stand for 36 h to mature and eliminate air bubbles. The settling mud cake (90 kg) was then extruded using a vacuum pumice machine (pressure 1.1 MPa, temperature 23℃, time 15 min) to obtain strip mud (diameter 4.2 cm).

[0075] The clay strips were rolled into bowl blanks (outer diameter 12 cm, height 8 cm, 10 pieces / batch) using a rolling mill (pressure 17.5 MPa, speed 0.8 m / min) and dried (room temperature + oven 60℃, time 12 h). The dried blanks were then immersed in a pre-mixed glaze slurry (concentration 1.52 g / mL, composition: SiO2 65%, Al2O3 20%, K2O 2%, dosage 5 L / batch) for 2 s, followed by drying (80℃, 30 min) for setting.

[0076] The glazed blanks were placed in a shuttle kiln (20 pieces / batch) under an oxidizing flame atmosphere (O2 6.2%). Preheating and firing: 520~650℃ (heating rate 2.8℃ / min), time 28 min. Oxidation holding: 950~1050℃, time 52 min. High-temperature sintering: 1195~1205℃, time 31 min. Cooling: 650~500℃ (cooling rate 1.5℃ / min), time 29 min, followed by natural cooling to room temperature.

[0077] Production volume: 18 batches, totaling 360 finished products. Humidity was monitored throughout the process (50~60%).

[0078] At a temperature of (23±2)℃ and a humidity of (50±5)%, three parallel samples (50 g each) of clay strips were taken, and 10 pieces / batch of finished products were randomly sampled for the following tests: Laser particle size analysis was used to determine the particle size distribution of the mud. After ultrasonic dispersion, D50 (median particle size, μm) and span (particle size distribution width) were tested.

[0079] Specific surface area was measured by BET nitrogen adsorption method, and the sample was degassed at 200℃ for 2 h.

[0080] The plasticity index is measured by screw extrusion. The calculation formula is: index = (wet clay volume - dry clay volume) / dry clay volume.

[0081] The flexural strength of the dry blank was measured using the three-point bending method. The sample size was 50×10×5 mm, and the loading rate was 0.5 mm / min.

[0082] The water absorption rate was measured by immersion method. After boiling for 2 hours, the weight was weighed and calculated as [(wet weight - dry weight) / dry weight]×100%.

[0083] The differential thermal expansion meter measures the coefficient of thermal expansion of a volume, with a temperature range of 20~800℃ and a heating rate of 5℃ / min.

[0084] Thermal stability was tested by rapid cooling method: the water was circulated at 160℃ three times, and no cracks were found to indicate that the test was passed.

[0085] The pass rate is determined by a combination of appearance, dimensions, and performance. The defect rate is calculated as (number of defective pieces / total number of pieces) × 100%.

[0086] The test data for the clay properties are shown in Table 1-1: The physical performance test data of the finished product are shown in Table 1-2: Example 2 The preparation process of the recycled ceramic powder is the same as in Example 1. Take 19.8 kg of the prepared recycled ceramic powder and place it in a mixed solvent (39.6 L) of ethanol / water with a volume ratio of 1:1. Disperse the mixture by ultrasound (power 45 kHz, time 30 min) to form a suspension. Slowly add tetrabutyl titanate (198 g, dropping rate 1.5 mL / min) to the suspension and adjust the pH to 3.5 with dilute hydrochloric acid to start the hydrolysis reaction. Stir the reaction at room temperature for 2 h and separate and filter the reaction product. Wash it 4 times with deionized water, then dry it at 80 °C for 4 h and pre-calcine it at 380 °C for 1 h (heating rate 4.2 °C / min) to obtain TiO2 modified recycled ceramic powder.

[0087] The ingredients are prepared by weight as follows: 20 kg of TiO2 modified recycled porcelain powder, 8 kg of Longyan clay, 21 kg of Shaoguan washed mud, 17 kg of Guangxi porcelain mud, 11 kg of quartz, 23 kg of albite tailings, and 0.2 kg of maltodextrin (dissolved in 50 mL of hot water). The mixture is added to a ball mill along with 110 kg of alumina balls (2-5 cm in diameter) and 110 L of deionized water. The milling process is carried out at 40 rpm and 26-29°C for 12.8 h to obtain a slurry.

[0088] The mud slurry (200L) was dewatered using a hydraulic press (pressure 0.08MPa) to obtain mud cakes (thickness 3.4cm). The mud cakes were placed in a settling chamber (temperature 22~24℃, humidity 85%) and left to stand for 36 hours to mature and eliminate air bubbles. The settling mud cakes (90kg) were then extruded using a vacuum pumice machine (pressure 1.1MPa, temperature 23℃, time 15min) to obtain strip mud (diameter 4.1cm).

[0089] The clay strips were rolled into bowl blanks (outer diameter 12cm, height 8cm, 10 pieces / batch) using a rolling mill (pressure 17.5MPa, speed 0.8m / min) and dried (room temperature + oven 60℃, time 12h). The dried blanks were then immersed in a pre-mixed glaze slurry (concentration 1.52g / mL, composition: SiO2 65%, Al2O3 20%, K2O 2%, dosage 5L / batch) for 2s, followed by drying (80℃, 30min) to set the shape.

[0090] The glazed blanks were placed in a shuttle kiln (20 pieces / batch) under an oxidizing flame atmosphere (O2 6.2%). Preheating and firing: 520~650℃ (heating rate 2.8℃ / min), time 28min. Oxidation holding: 950~1050℃, time 52min. High-temperature sintering: 1195~1205℃, time 31min. Cooling: 650~500℃ (cooling rate 1.5℃ / min), time 29min, followed by natural cooling to room temperature.

[0091] Production volume: 18 batches, totaling 360 finished products. Humidity was monitored throughout the process (50~60%).

[0092] At a temperature of (23±2)℃ and a humidity of (50±5)%, three parallel samples (50 g each) of clay strips were taken, and 10 pieces / batch of finished products were randomly sampled. Simulated oil staining (olive oil 0.1 mL / cm³) was used. 2 After 2 hours of UV irradiation, the organic matter degradation rate was measured by HPLC, and the self-cleaning efficiency was calculated as [(initial stain - residual stain) / initial stain] × 100%. Other test items and test procedures were the same as in Example 1.

[0093] The test data for the clay properties are shown in Table 2-1: The physical performance test data of the finished product are shown in Table 2-2: Example 3 Quartz powder (11 kg) was placed in ethanol solvent (22 L) and ultrasonically dispersed (power 40 kHz, time 20 min) to form a uniform suspension. Silver nitrate (55 g, concentration 0.03 M) and 0.05 M NaBH4 (82.5 mg) were added to the suspension as a reducing agent. The pH was adjusted to 8.5 with dilute sodium hydroxide and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 60 min (speed 400 rpm). The reaction product was centrifuged (speed 6500 rpm), washed 4 times alternately with ethanol and deionized water, and then dried at 60 °C for 3 h (heating rate 2.8 °C / min) to obtain Ag modified quartz.

[0094] The ingredients are prepared by weight as follows: 20 kg of recycled porcelain powder, 8 kg of Longyan clay, 21 kg of Shaoguan washed mud, 17 kg of Guangxi porcelain mud, 11 kg of Ag-modified quartz, 23 kg of sodium feldspar tailings, and 0.2 kg of maltodextrin (dissolved in 50 mL of hot water). The mixture is added to a ball mill along with 150 kg of alumina balls (2-5 cm in diameter) and 120 L of deionized water. The milling process is carried out at 40 rpm and 26-29°C for 13 hours to obtain a slurry.

[0095] The mud slurry (200L) was dewatered using a hydraulic press (pressure 0.08MPa) to obtain mud cakes (thickness 3.3cm). The mud cakes were placed in a settling chamber (temperature 22~24℃, humidity 85%) and left to stand for 36 hours to mature and eliminate air bubbles. The settling mud cakes (90kg) were then extruded using a vacuum pumice machine (pressure 1.1MPa, temperature 23℃, time 15min) to obtain strip mud (diameter 4.0cm).

[0096] The clay strips were rolled into bowl blanks (outer diameter 12cm, height 8cm, 10 pieces / batch) using a rolling mill (pressure 17.5MPa, speed 0.8m / min) and dried (room temperature + oven 60℃, time 12h). The dried blanks were then immersed in a pre-mixed glaze slurry (concentration 1.52g / mL, composition: SiO2 65%, Al2O3 20%, K2O 2%, dosage 5L / batch) for 2s, followed by drying (80℃, 30min) to set the shape.

[0097] The glazed blanks were placed in a shuttle kiln (20 pieces / batch) under an oxidizing flame atmosphere (O2 6.2%). Preheating and firing: 520~650℃ (heating rate 2.8℃ / min), time 28min. Oxidation holding: 950~1050℃, time 52min. High-temperature sintering: 1195~1205℃, time 36min. Cooling: 650~500℃ (cooling rate 1.5℃ / min), time 29min, followed by natural cooling to room temperature.

[0098] Production volume: 18 batches, totaling 360 finished products. Humidity was monitored throughout the process (50~60%).

[0099] At a temperature of (23±2)℃ and a humidity of (50±5%), three parallel samples (50g each) of clay strips were taken, and ten finished products were randomly sampled per batch. Staphylococcus aureus was inoculated under light (visible light, 24h) with an initial colony count of 10. 5 The antibacterial rate was calculated by plate counting (CFU / mL) and the survival rate was determined by plate counting. The antibacterial rate was calculated as [(initial colonies - surviving colonies) / initial colonies] × 100%. Other test items and test procedures were the same as in Example 1.

[0100] The test data for the clay properties are shown in Table 3-1: The physical performance test data of the finished product are shown in Table 3-2: Example 4 The preparation process of the recycled ceramic powder is the same as in Example 1. Take 20.0 kg of the prepared recycled ceramic powder and place it in a mixed solvent (40 L) of ethanol / water with a volume ratio of 1:1. Disperse the mixture by ultrasound (power 45 kHz, time 28 min) to form a suspension. Slowly add tetrabutyl titanate (200 g, dropping rate 1.5 mL / min) to the suspension and adjust the pH to 3.5 with dilute hydrochloric acid to start the hydrolysis reaction. Stir the reaction at room temperature for 2 h and separate and filter the reaction product. Wash the product 4 times with deionized water, then dry it at 80 °C for 4 h and pre-calcine it at 400 °C for 1.2 h (heating rate 4.5 °C / min) to obtain TiO2 modified recycled ceramic powder.

[0101] Quartz powder (11 kg) was placed in ethanol solvent (22 L) and ultrasonically dispersed (power 40 kHz, time 18 min) to form a uniform suspension. Silver nitrate (55 g, concentration 0.03 M) and 0.05 M NaBH4 (82.5 mg) were added to the suspension as a reducing agent. The pH was adjusted to 8.5 with dilute sodium hydroxide, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 60 min (speed 450 rpm). The reaction product was centrifuged (speed 7000 rpm), washed 4 times alternately with ethanol and deionized water, and then dried at 65 °C for 3.5 h (heating rate 2.5 °C / min) to obtain Ag modified quartz.

[0102] The ingredients are prepared by weight as follows: 20 kg of TiO2-modified recycled porcelain powder, 8 kg of Longyan clay, 21 kg of Shaoguan washed mud, 17 kg of Guangxi porcelain mud, 11 kg of Ag-modified quartz, 23 kg of albite tailings, and 0.2 kg of maltodextrin (dissolved in 50 mL of hot water). The mixture is added to a ball mill along with 115 kg of alumina balls (2-5 cm in diameter) and 115 L of deionized water. The milling process is carried out at 40 rpm, 26-29°C, and for 12.5 h to obtain a slurry.

[0103] The mud slurry (200L) was dewatered using a hydraulic press (pressure 0.08MPa) to obtain mud cakes (thickness 3.2cm). The mud cakes were placed in a settling chamber (temperature 22~24℃, humidity 85%) and left to stand for 36 hours to mature and eliminate air bubbles. The settling mud cakes (90kg) were then extruded using a vacuum pumice machine (pressure 1.1MPa, temperature 23℃, time 15min) to obtain strip mud (diameter 3.9cm).

[0104] The clay strips were rolled into bowl blanks (outer diameter 12cm, height 8cm, 10 pieces / batch) using a rolling mill (pressure 17.5MPa, speed 0.8m / min) and dried (room temperature + oven 60℃, time 12h). The dried blanks were then immersed in a pre-mixed glaze slurry (concentration 1.52g / mL, composition: SiO2 65%, Al2O3 20%, K2O 2%, dosage 5L / batch) for 2s, followed by drying (80℃, 30min) to set the shape.

[0105] The glazed blanks were placed in a shuttle kiln (20 pieces / batch) under an oxidizing flame atmosphere (O2 6.2%). Preheating and firing: 520~650℃ (heating rate 2.5℃ / min), time 28min. Oxidation holding: 950~1050℃, time 52min. High-temperature sintering: 1195~1205℃, time 41min. Cooling: 650~500℃ (cooling rate 1.5℃ / min), time 29min, followed by natural cooling to room temperature.

[0106] Production volume: 18 batches, totaling 360 finished products. Humidity was monitored throughout the process (50~60%).

[0107] At a temperature of (23±2)℃ and a humidity of (50±5%), three parallel samples (50g each) of clay strips were taken, and 10 pieces / batch of finished products were randomly sampled. Simulated oil staining (olive oil 0.1mL / cm³) was applied. 2 After UV irradiation for 2 hours, the organic matter degradation rate was measured by HPLC, and the self-cleaning efficiency was calculated as [(initial stain - residual stain) / initial stain] × 100%. Staphylococcus aureus was inoculated under light (visible light, 24 hours) with an initial colony count of 10... 5 The antibacterial rate was calculated by plate counting (CFU / mL) and the survival rate was determined by plate counting. The antibacterial rate was calculated as [(initial colonies - surviving colonies) / initial colonies] × 100%. Other test items and test procedures were the same as in Example 1.

[0108] The test data for the clay properties are shown in Table 4-1: The physical performance test data of the finished product are shown in Table 4-2: Example 5 The ingredients are prepared by weight as follows: 20 kg of recycled porcelain powder, 8 kg of Longyan clay, 21 kg of Shaoguan washed mud, 17 kg of Guangxi porcelain mud, 11 kg of quartz, 23 kg of albite tailings, and 0.2 kg of maltodextrin (dissolved in 50 mL of hot water). The mixture is added to a ball mill along with 145 kg of alumina balls (2-5 cm in diameter) and 105 L of deionized water. The milling process is carried out at 40 rpm and 26-29°C for 12.2 h to obtain a slurry.

[0109] The mud slurry (200L) was dewatered using a hydraulic press (pressure 0.08MPa) to obtain mud cakes (thickness 3.6cm). The mud cakes were placed in a settling chamber (temperature 22~24℃, humidity 85%) and left to stand for 36 hours to mature and eliminate air bubbles. The settling mud cakes (90kg) were then extruded using a vacuum pumice machine (pressure 1.1MPa, temperature 23℃, time 15min) to obtain strip mud (diameter 4.3cm).

[0110] The clay strips were rolled into bowl blanks (outer diameter 12cm, height 8cm, 10 pieces / batch) using a rolling mill (pressure 17.5MPa, speed 0.8m / min) and dried (room temperature + oven 60℃, time 12h). The dried blanks were then immersed in a pre-mixed glaze slurry (concentration 1.50g / mL, composition: SiO2 65%, Al2O3 20%, K2O 2%, dosage 5L / batch) for 2s, followed by drying (80℃, 30min) to set the shape.

[0111] The glazed blanks are placed in a shuttle kiln (20 pieces / batch) under an oxidizing flame atmosphere (O2 6.2%). Preheating and firing: 520~650℃ (heating rate 2.8℃ / min), time 30min. Oxidation holding: 950~1050℃, time 52min. High-temperature sintering: 1195~1205℃, time 32min. Cooling: 650~500℃ (cooling rate 1.5℃ / min), time 30min, followed by natural cooling to room temperature.

[0112] Production volume: 18 batches, totaling 360 finished products. Humidity was monitored throughout the process (50~60%).

[0113] The test items and test steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0114] The test data for the clay properties are shown in Table 5-1: The physical performance test data of the finished product are shown in Table 5-2: Comparative Example 1 The ingredients are prepared by weight as follows: 12 kg of Longyan clay, 26 kg of Shaoguan washed clay, 17 kg of Guangxi porcelain clay, 15 kg of quartz, and 30 kg of albite tailings. The mixture is added to a ball mill along with 140 kg of alumina balls (2-5 cm in diameter) and 100 L of deionized water. The milling process is carried out at 40 rpm and 26-29°C for 12 hours to obtain a slurry.

[0115] The mud slurry (200L) was dewatered using a hydraulic press (pressure 0.08MPa) to obtain mud cakes (thickness 3.8cm). The mud cakes were placed in a settling chamber (temperature 22~24℃, humidity 85%) and left to stand for 36 hours to mature and eliminate air bubbles. The settling mud cakes (90kg) were then extruded using a vacuum pumice machine (pressure 1.1MPa, temperature 23℃, time 15min) to obtain strip mud (diameter 4.5cm).

[0116] The clay strips were rolled into bowl blanks (outer diameter 12cm, height 8cm, 10 pieces / batch) using a rolling mill (pressure 17.5MPa, speed 0.8m / min) and dried (room temperature + oven 60℃, time 12h). The dried blanks were then immersed in a pre-mixed glaze slurry (concentration 1.52g / mL, composition: SiO2 65%, Al2O3 20%, K2O 2%, dosage 5 L / batch) for 2s, followed by drying (80℃, 30min) to set the shape.

[0117] The glazed blanks were placed in a shuttle kiln (20 pieces / batch) under an oxidizing flame atmosphere (O2 6.2%). Preheating and firing: 520~650℃ (heating rate 2.8℃ / min), time 28min. Oxidation holding: 950~1050℃, time 52min. High-temperature sintering: 1195~1205℃, time 31min. Cooling: 650~500℃ (cooling rate 1.5℃ / min), time 29min, followed by natural cooling to room temperature.

[0118] Production volume: 18 batches, totaling 360 finished products. Humidity was monitored throughout the process (50~60%).

[0119] The test items and test steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0120] The test data for the clay properties are shown in Table 6-1: The physical performance test data of the finished product are shown in Table 6-2: Comparative Example 2 The following ingredients are prepared by weight: 35 kg of recycled porcelain powder, 6 kg of Longyan soil, 14 kg of Shaoguan washed mud, 10 kg of Guangxi porcelain mud, 10 kg of quartz, and 25 kg of albite tailings. The mixture is added to a ball mill along with 140 kg of alumina balls (2-5 cm in diameter) and 100 L of deionized water. The milling process is carried out at 40 rpm, 26-29°C, and for 12.5 hours to obtain a slurry.

[0121] The mud slurry (200L) was dewatered using a hydraulic press (pressure 0.08MPa) to obtain mud cakes (thickness 3.9cm). The mud cakes were placed in a settling chamber (temperature 22~24℃, humidity 85%) and left to stand for 36 hours to mature and eliminate air bubbles. The settling mud cakes (90kg) were then extruded using a vacuum pumice machine (pressure 1.1MPa, temperature 23℃, time 15min) to obtain strip mud (diameter 4.6cm).

[0122] The clay strips were rolled into bowl blanks (outer diameter 12cm, height 8cm, 10 pieces / batch) using a rolling mill (pressure 17.5MPa, speed 0.8m / min) and dried (room temperature + oven 60℃, time 12h). The dried blanks were then immersed in a pre-mixed glaze slurry (concentration 1.52g / mL, composition: SiO2 65%, Al2O3 20%, K2O 2%, dosage 5 L / batch) for 2s, followed by drying (80℃, 30min) to set the shape.

[0123] The glazed blanks were placed in a shuttle kiln (20 pieces / batch) under an oxidizing flame atmosphere (O2 6.2%). Preheating and firing: 520~650℃ (heating rate 2.8℃ / min), time 28min. Oxidation holding: 950~1050℃, time 52min. High-temperature sintering: 1195~1205℃, time 31min. Cooling: 650~500℃ (cooling rate 1.5℃ / min), time 29min, followed by natural cooling to room temperature.

[0124] Production volume: 18 batches, totaling 360 finished products. Humidity was monitored throughout the process (50~60%).

[0125] The test items and test steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0126] The test data for the clay properties are shown in Table 7-1: The physical performance test data of the finished product are shown in Table 7-2: Comparative Example 3 The preparation process of the recycled ceramic powder is the same as in Example 1. Take 19.9 kg of the prepared recycled ceramic powder and place it in a mixed solvent (39.6 L) of ethanol / water at a volume ratio of 1:1. Disperse the mixture by ultrasound (power 45 kHz, time 30 min) to form a suspension. Slowly add tetrabutyl titanate (198 g, dropping rate 1.5 mL / min) to the suspension and adjust the pH to 3.5 with dilute hydrochloric acid to start the hydrolysis reaction. Stir the reaction at room temperature for 2 h, separate and filter the reaction product, wash it 4 times with deionized water, dry it at 80 °C for 4 h, and pre-calcine it at 420 °C for 1.5 h (heating rate 4.8 °C / min) to obtain TiO2 modified recycled ceramic powder.

[0127] The ingredients are prepared by weight as follows: 20 kg of TiO2 modified recycled porcelain powder, 8 kg of Longyan clay, 21 kg of Shaoguan washed mud, 17 kg of Guangxi porcelain mud, 11 kg of quartz, 23 kg of albite tailings, and 0.2 kg of maltodextrin (dissolved in 50 mL of hot water). The mixture is added to a ball mill along with 140 kg of alumina balls (2-5 cm in diameter) and 100 L of deionized water. The milling process is carried out at 40 rpm and 26-29°C for 12.3 h to obtain a slurry.

[0128] The mud slurry (200L) was dewatered using a hydraulic press (pressure 0.08MPa) to obtain mud cakes (thickness 3.7cm). The mud cakes were placed in a settling chamber (temperature 22~24℃, humidity 85%) and left to stand for 36 hours to mature and eliminate air bubbles. The settling mud cakes (90kg) were then extruded using a vacuum pumice machine (pressure 1.1MPa, temperature 23℃, time 15min) to obtain strip mud (diameter 4.4cm).

[0129] The clay strips were rolled into bowl blanks (outer diameter 12cm, height 8cm, 10 pieces / batch) using a rolling mill (pressure 17.5MPa, speed 0.8m / min) and dried (room temperature + oven 60℃, time 12h). The dried blanks were then immersed in a pre-mixed glaze slurry (concentration 1.52g / mL, composition: SiO2 65%, Al2O3 20%, K2O 2%, dosage 5 L / batch) for 2s, followed by drying (80℃, 30min) to set the shape.

[0130] The glazed blanks were placed in a shuttle kiln (20 pieces / batch) under an oxidizing flame atmosphere (O2 6.2%). Preheating and firing: 520~650℃ (heating rate 2.8℃ / min), time 28min. Oxidation holding: 950~1050℃, time 52min. High-temperature sintering: 1195~1205℃, time 31min. Cooling: 650~500℃ (cooling rate 1.5℃ / min), time 29min, followed by natural cooling to room temperature.

[0131] Production volume: 18 batches, totaling 360 finished products. Humidity was monitored throughout the process (50~60%).

[0132] The test items and test steps are the same as in Example 4.

[0133] The test data for the clay properties are shown in Table 8-1: The physical performance test data of the finished product are shown in Table 8-2: The data above show that the plasticity index of Examples 1-5 is all >0.51, and the dry blank strength is >4.0 MPa. Comparative Example 1 (without maltodextrin) has a plasticity of only 0.371, verifying the necessity of the additive; Comparative Example 2 has a high recovery rate but a strength of 3.19 MPa and a pass rate of 86.5%.

[0134] Examples 1-5 have a pass rate of 90.8%-93.5%, a water absorption rate of <0.22%, and a thermal stability of >161℃. Example 5, with optimized process, achieved a pass rate of 93.5%, while the best result was achieved with the double-modified Example 4 (92.9%). Comparative Example 3 (high TiO2 loading, no adaptation) had a pass rate of 89.1% and a self-cleaning rate of 86.6%, highlighting the importance of parameter optimization.

[0135] TiO2 modification (Example 2) showed a self-cleaning effect of 91.1%; Ag modification (Example 3) showed an antibacterial effect of 99.1%; and dual modification (Example 4) showed a synergistic effect of 94.9% / 99.6%, verifying the synergistic effect of the two. Comparative Example 3 showed an antibacterial effect of only 95.0%.

[0136] The overall recovery rate remained stable at 20%~28% (Examples 1~4), reducing resource consumption and pollution risk. Comparative Example 2 showed poor stability due to high recovery, confirming the upper limit of the proposed scheme.

[0137] The overall effect of the embodiment is better than that of the comparative example, and it can effectively solve the technical problems in the background.

[0138] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain from waste daily-use porcelain, characterized in that, The environmentally friendly daily-use ceramic, by weight, comprises the following components: 20-25 parts recycled ceramic powder, 28-38 parts kaolin, 12-17 parts porcelain clay, 10-15 parts quartz, 18-23 parts albite, and 0.2-0.5 parts maltodextrin; the preparation method includes the following steps: S1. Process waste daily-use porcelain into recycled porcelain powder; S2. The recycled porcelain powder, kaolin, porcelain clay, quartz, albite and maltodextrin are mixed in parts by mass and ball-milled to obtain a slurry; S3. The mud slurry is subjected to pressing, settling, and kneading to obtain strip mud; S4. Shape and glaze the clay strips; S5. The glazed body is fired to obtain the environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain.

2. The method for preparing environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain from waste daily-use porcelain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The kaolin is secondary washed kaolin and / or kaolin washing mud; And / or the kaolin mentioned is secondary washed kaolin; And / or the recovered ceramic powder is TiO2-modified recovered ceramic powder; And / or the quartz is Ag-modified quartz.

3. The method for preparing environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain from waste daily-use porcelain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The kaolin is selected from at least one of Longyan soil or Shaoguan washed mud. And / or the porcelain clay is selected from Guangxi porcelain clay; And / or the albite is selected from albite tailings.

4. The method for preparing environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain from waste daily-use porcelain according to claim 3, characterized in that, By weight, the environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain is specifically made from the following components: 20-25 parts recycled porcelain powder, 8-13 parts Longyan soil, 20-25 parts Shaoguan washed mud, 12-17 parts Guangxi porcelain mud, 10-15 parts quartz, 18-23 parts sodium feldspar tailings, and 0.2-0.5 parts maltodextrin.

5. The method for preparing environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain from waste daily-use porcelain according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: In step S2, the mixing ball milling specifically includes: mixing the component mixture with grinding media and dispersion media at a mass ratio of 1:(1.4~1.7):(1.0~1.3), performing wet ball milling, and obtaining a slurry; In step S3, the pressing of mud specifically includes: using a hydraulic press or a vacuum filter to dewater and filter the mud slurry to obtain mud cake; The settling process specifically includes: placing the mud cake in a settling chamber and allowing it to stand and mature for 24-48 hours; The specific process of the mud refining includes: placing the settled mud cake in a vacuum mud refining machine for extrusion and refining to obtain strip mud; In step S4, the molding process specifically includes: rolling or pressing the clay strips to obtain a blank, and then drying it. The glazing process specifically includes: immersing the dried body in a pre-prepared glaze slurry, followed by drying and shaping. In step S5, the firing process specifically includes: multi-stage firing in an oxidizing flame atmosphere, wherein the multi-stage firing process includes preheating at 520~650℃, oxidizing and holding at 950~1050℃, high-temperature sintering at 1195~1205℃, cooling at 650~500℃, and then cooling to room temperature.

6. The method for preparing environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain from waste daily-use porcelain according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the grinding medium is medium alumina balls, the dispersing medium is water, the ball milling time is 12-13 hours, and the slurry fineness is 0.1%-0.2% residue on a 250-mesh sieve. In step S3, the moisture content of the mud strips is (22.0±1.5)%; In step S4, the concentration of the pre-mixed glaze slurry is 1.40~1.60 g / mL, and the glaze thickness is 0.5~1.0 mm; In step S5, the preheating and calcination time is 25-35 min, the oxidation and heat preservation time is 45-60 min, the high-temperature sintering time is 28-35 min, and the cooling time is 25-35 min.

7. The method for preparing environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain from waste daily-use porcelain according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 specifically includes the following sub-steps: a1. Collect waste daily-use porcelain and pre-clean it to remove surface impurities; a2. The cleaned waste porcelain is coarsely crushed using a jaw crusher, with the crushed particle size controlled to be 2~5cm; a3. The crushed material is fed into a ball mill, and medium-aluminum balls with diameters of 3cm, 4cm, and 5cm are added as grinding media. The weight ratio of the three types of medium-aluminum balls is 2:1:2, and they are added according to a volume ratio V. 研磨介质 :V 破碎物料 :V 分散介质 A dispersion medium was added in a ratio of 3:2:1, and wet ball milling was performed to obtain a ball mill slurry. a4. The ball-milled slurry is graded and separated by passing it through a 250-mesh wet sieve, with the residue controlled to be ≤3%, and then dehydrated and pressure filtered or vacuum filtered to obtain the recovered ceramic powder.

8. The method for preparing environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain from waste daily-use porcelain according to claim 2, characterized in that, The recycled ceramic powder is TiO2-modified recycled ceramic powder, which is prepared through the following steps: b1. The recovered ceramic powder is placed in a mixed solvent of ethanol / water with a volume ratio of 1:1, and ultrasonically dispersed for 25-35 minutes to form a suspension; b2. Tetrabutyl titanate is slowly added dropwise to the suspension as a TiO2 precursor, and the pH is adjusted to 3-4 to initiate the reaction; b3. Stir the reaction at room temperature for 1.5~2.5h, and then separate and filter the reaction products; b4. Wash with deionized water 3-5 times, then dry at 80℃ for 3-5 hours, and pre-calcine at 380-420℃ for 0.5-1.5 hours to obtain the TiO2 modified recycled ceramic powder.

9. The method for preparing environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain from waste daily-use porcelain according to claim 8, characterized in that, The quartz is Ag-modified quartz, which is prepared by the following steps: c1. Place quartz powder in ethanol solvent and disperse it ultrasonically for 15-25 minutes to form a uniform suspension; c2. Add silver nitrate as an Ag precursor to the suspension and add 0.05M NaBH4 as a reducing agent; c3. Adjust the pH to 8-9 and stir the reaction at room temperature for 45-75 minutes; c4. The reaction product is centrifuged and washed with ethanol and deionized water alternately 3 to 5 times to remove unreacted substances, and then dried at 50 to 70°C for 2 to 4 hours to obtain the Ag-modified quartz.

10. The method for preparing environmentally friendly daily-use porcelain from waste daily-use porcelain according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step b1, the ultrasonic dispersion power is 40~50kHz; In step b2, the tetrabutyl titanate is added at a rate of 1-2 mL / min, and the pH adjuster is dilute hydrochloric acid; In step b4, the pre-calcination heating rate is <5℃ / min; In step c1, the ultrasonic dispersion power is 40 kHz; In step c2, the concentration of silver nitrate is 0.01~0.05M, and the amount of NaBH4 added is 1.5~2 times the molar amount of silver nitrate; In step c3, the pH adjuster is dilute sodium hydroxide, and the stirring speed is 300~500 rpm; In step c4, the centrifugation speed is 5000~8000 rpm, and the drying heating rate is <3℃ / min.

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