Wear member of milling machine, milling machine and method for determining wear of wear member

Abstract

The invention relates to a wear member of a milling machine, a milling machine equipped with such a wear member and a method for determining the wear of a wear member. At least one contactlessly readable electronic component is assigned to the wear component in order to determine the wear of the wear component. According to the invention, the at least one sensor is connected to the at least one contactless readable electronic component for transmitting data, such that the contactless readable electronic component is designed to receive the measurement data of the sensor and for contactless reading, at least one measuring section of the sensor is guided in at least one wear direction to be monitored into the wear region or along the wear region of the wear component. According to the invention, a better milling effect can be realized based on optimized maintenance.

Description

[0001] Divisional application This application is a divisional application. The original application has the application number 201910571541.2, the application date is June 28, 2019, and the invention title is "Wearing component of a milling machine, milling machine and method for determining wear of the wearing component". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to a wear component for a milling machine, particularly a wear component for a road milling machine, road mixer, recycling machine, open-pit mining machine, etc., wherein at least one contactless electronic component is assigned to the wear component to determine the wear of the wear component.

[0003] The present invention also relates to a milling machine, particularly a road milling machine, a road mixer, a recycling machine, an open-pit mining machine, etc., wherein the milling machine has wear components, particularly a chisel, a chisel holder, a base, a feeder and / or a wear slider of a tool system.

[0004] The present invention also relates to a method for determining the wear of wear components of a milling machine, particularly for determining the wear of wear components of road milling machines, road mixers, recycling machines, open-pit mining machines, etc., wherein at least one contactless readable electronic component is assigned to the wear component, wherein data of the at least one contactless readable electronic component is read in a contactless manner by a reading device, and wherein the wear of the wear component is determined based on the read data. Background Technology

[0005] A monitoring system for a chisel used in milling rollers is known from US 2017 / 0011564 A1. Each chisel is assigned at least one transmitter, which is, for example, in the form of an RFID transponder. The transmitter is wirelessly connected to a receiver arranged on the milling machine and connected via the receiver to an evaluation system. The evaluation system identifies chisel wear or unacceptable wear based on the signals from the transmitters. In this regard, the system concludes that wear or unacceptable wear has occurred when one or more signals from one or more transmitters fail. If two or more transmitters are assigned to the chisel, the system concludes that the chisel is worn or broken when the signals from all the transmitters assigned to the chisel have disappeared. If the signal from one transmitter fails and the signal from a second transmitter assigned to the chisel is received, the system concludes that a wear boundary has been reached. According to the aforementioned variant, the service life of the chisel from installation on one or more transmitters until failure is detected, and this is used, for example, in conjunction with other operating parameters of the milling machine, to determine the expected service life of the chisel or to plan more efficient operating conditions for future milling tasks.

[0006] Disadvantageously, the monitoring system only detects chisel wear when it reaches the wear boundary. This leaves the machine operator with very little leeway to replace the chisel during advantageous maintenance periods, such as during a planned downtime of the milling machine, and thus avoid additional downtime. Another drawback is that the transmitter must be arranged so that it can be evaluated via a corresponding radio signal. This is only feasible in metallic chisels, which are thus shielded from electromagnetic waves, when the transmitter is constructed near the surface. Transmitters mounted in the area of ​​the chisel's wear boundary are unreadable or at least unreadable at greater distances.

[0007] An RFID sensor is known from DE 10 2014 104 741 A1, which has a pluggable connector via which different sensors can be connected to the RFID sensor connector. Preferably, the analog sensor signal can be digitized via an A / D converter and stored in a data memory. The measured value transmitted by the sensor can be a resistance value. The measured value can be transmitted to an RFID reading device. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide wear components or a milling machine that achieves economical operation and better milling results based on optimized maintenance.

[0009] Furthermore, the object of this invention is to provide a method that enables the economical operation of a milling machine.

[0010] The objective of this invention regarding the wear member is achieved by connecting at least one sensor to at least one contactless readable electronic component for data transmission. The contactless readable electronic component is configured to receive measurement data from the sensor and for contactless reading. At least one measurement section of the sensor is guided along at least one monitored wear direction into the wear region or along the wear region of the wear member. The sensor includes at least the measurement section and preferably a corresponding electronic system (measurement circuit) to detect physical variables of the measurement section and convert them into measurement signals associated with those physical variables. This measurement section is designed such that the physical variables change with the length of the wear region along the wear direction. As the wear region continues to wear along the wear direction, the values ​​of the physical variables and the measurement signals change. The measurement data transmitted to the contactless readable electronic component can be formed from the measurement signals. However, the measurement signals can also be converted from analog to digital form within the sensor, thereby correspondingly transmitting the digitized measurement data from the sensor to the contactless readable electronic component. The measurement data is received by the contactless readable electronic component and used for contactless reading.

[0011] Advantageously, the sensor enables the determination of the remaining length of the wear zone along the wear direction and the current wear condition of the wear component. The corresponding measurement data can be read and evaluated via non-contact electronic components. Therefore, current data on the wear condition of the wear component is available at any time, allowing for advance planning of maintenance operations, such as subsequent replacement of the wear component. Additional downtime of the milling machine can be avoided, for example, when a wear component unexpectedly reaches its wear boundary. Different wear components of the milling machine approaching their respective wear boundaries can be replaced during maintenance. Wear components with minor wear can be identified and continued to be used. This allows the milling machine to operate economically. Wear components are not used beyond their respective wear boundaries, thus maintaining high milling quality. However, premature replacement of wear components also keeps replacement costs low.

[0012] Advantageously, only the measurement section of the sensor is introduced into the wear area. Contactless electronic components can be arranged in areas where measurement data can be read contactlessly at greater intervals. Preferably, the interval at which measurement data can be read is at least 10 mm, and particularly preferably at least 20 mm.

[0013] A particularly preferred variant of the invention can be configured such that erosion of the measurement section causes the sensor's measurement signal to change continuously or intermittently. The measurement section, introduced into the wear region of the wear member, is eroded along with the wear member, causing changes in the physical variables and the values ​​of the measurement signal at the measurement section. The continuously changing measurement signal as the wear member continues to wear allows for the continuous determination of the wear length as a measure along the wear direction between the wear boundary and the surface of the wear member, and for the continuous determination of the wear state of the wear member. The intermittently changing measurement signal due to erosion can be easily evaluated, for example, without the need to calibrate the sensor, only by evaluating the number of changes in the measurement signal, in order to determine the remaining wear length. For this purpose, the intervals along the wear direction that cause changes in the measurement signal can be chosen to be so small that the desired accuracy is achieved in determining the remaining wear length.

[0014] Preferably, the sensor, or a portion thereof, particularly the sensor's measurement circuitry, is an integrated component of the contactless readable electronic component; or, the sensor is detachably, preferably electrically connected to the contactless readable electronic component via a plug-in connection; or, the sensor is connected to the contactless readable electronic component via a fixed electrical connection; or, the sensor is connected to the contactless readable electronic component via a radio connection. Integrating the sensor, or a portion thereof, into the contactless readable electronic component achieves a simple, cost-effective, and robust construction because, for example, an entire housing can be used, eliminating external interfaces and the risk of failure of electrical interfaces between the sensor and the contactless readable electronic component, and the contactless readable electronic component and the sensor can be installed as a single unit in a single process. The detachable connection between the sensor and the contactless readable electronic component allows them to be mounted in different locations. The sensor can thus be arranged such that its measurement section can be introduced into or guided along the wear region of the abrasive component, while the contactless readable electronic component can be positioned so that contactless reading is easily achieved even at a sufficiently large spacing. Simple installation is ensured by plug-and-play coupling. By constructing the sensor and the contactless readable electronic component separately, their shape, robustness, and function can be optimally configured for their respective tasks and coordinated with each other only according to their interfaces. It is also possible to combine available sensors and contactless readable electronic components with corresponding interfaces. Advantageously, the contactless readable electronic component can be designed such that it can be combined with different sensors. Different sensors can thus be connected to the same contactless readable electronic component. It is conceivable that sensors with different measurement areas can be provided for different wear components, for example, with different sizes of wear regions, and the measurement areas are then connected to the same contactless readable electronic component. A structural box system with a sensor suitable for the corresponding application and an integrated contactless readable electronic component is realized. It can be read, for example, by means of the same reading device or the same reading device. It is conceivable that when the worn component is installed on the milling machine, the plug-in connection will be closed during the installation movement.

[0015] Furthermore, in the case of a detachable connection or radio connection between a contactless readable electronic component and a sensor, the contactless readable electronic component (after wear of the wear component and at least one measuring section of the sensor) can continue to be used on another wear component with a new sensor.

[0016] A fixed wired connection between the sensor and the contactless readable electronic component ensures interference-free electrical contact even under harsh environmental conditions, where, for example, increased contact resistance due to corrosion does not distort the measurement data transmitted from the sensor to the contactless readable electronic component. A wireless connection between the sensor and the contactless readable electronic component allows them to be positioned in different locations without the need for a wired connection between them.

[0017] Particularly preferably, the contactless readable electronic components can be formed from RFID transponders. RFID transponders enable contactless data exchange using corresponding reading devices. RFID transponders are widely available on the market and cost-effectively available. RFID transponders may have an interface that allows for easy connection to sensors.

[0018] Preferably, the RFID transponder can be a passive RFID transponder, an active RFID transponder, or a semi-active RFID transponder. Passive RFID transponders advantageously require no power source of their own and are correspondingly cost-effective and maintenance-free. RFID transponders are small, easy to install, and require very little structural space. Furthermore, passive RFID transponders are easy to install. To read data stored in a passive RFID transponder, it is powered by electromagnetic waves from the reading device used. Active RFID transponders have their own power source, particularly their own battery. Their own power source provides their own transmitter and, advantageously, a larger operating range compared to passive RFID transponders. Semi-active RFID transponders also have their own battery, which powers the microchip used in the RFID transponder. However, semi-active RFID transponders do not have a transmitter and are read only by reflecting electromagnetic fields emitted from the reading device.

[0019] If the sensor is configured to be powered by a battery or accumulator of the contactless readable electronic components or via energy from an electromagnetic field used to read the contactless readable components, then the sensor does not require its own power source. The worn components and the mounted sensor can be left unused for extended periods before use without discharging the sensor's power supply. There is no need to monitor the sensor's power status during the installation of worn components or after prolonged use.

[0020] A sensor capable of simply and intermittently measuring the remaining wear area can be formed by using two or more resistors arranged at intervals along the wear direction to be monitored and connected in parallel. The total impedance of the parallel resistors is measured. If one of the resistors is eroded along with the wear member during wear, the total impedance increases abruptly. The impedance change can be easily detected with respect to measurement techniques, and the remaining wear length can be determined based on the known location of the eroded resistors. The remaining wear length can be determined directly from the measured total impedance, based on possible forms of evaluation. This is based on a precise understanding of the total impedance in relation to the number of remaining resistors and a sufficiently accurate measurement technique. Alternatively, the number of impedance changes measured and the number of eroded resistors can also be determined by alternative evaluations, from which the remaining wear length of the wear member along the wear direction can be derived. Advantageously, sensor calibration is unnecessary, as only confirmation of impedance change is required, and precise impedance measurement is not required.

[0021] The continuous determination of wear length can be achieved simply in terms of measurement technology by having the measurement section of the sensor formed by a resistive element whose impedance changes due to erosion. The resistive element can be formed, for example, by a resistive material with two contacting sides, having a longitudinal extension transverse to the direction of the measuring current. This resistive material is introduced into the wear region along its longitudinal extension in the wear direction or guided along the wear region of the wear member. The resistive material is then eroded along its longitudinal extension together with the wear member, thereby changing the impedance of the resistive element. The remaining wear length is then determined based on the measured impedance of the resistive element.

[0022] The wear length can be determined simply and cost-effectively when the measurement section of the sensor is formed by a capacitive or inductive detector, the capacitance of which changes or the inductance of which changes due to wear. Alternatively, the measurement section can be formed by an optical conductor, such as a single optical fiber or a bundle of optical fibers. Wear of the optical conductor alters the optical path length used to guide the beam within it. This can be verified, for example, by runtime measurements or interferometric measurements.

[0023] Preferably, the sensor's measurement section is formed at least partially by the wear region of the wear member or by at least one segment of the wear region of the wear member. The erosion of the wear region directly causes a change in the sensor's measurement signal.

[0024] This can be configured such that the sensor's measurement signal is formed by the resistance of the worn component or a segment of the worn component; or, the sensor's measurement signal is formed by the capacitance measured between the electrode and the worn component or a segment of the worn component; or, the measurement signal is formed by the inductance of the coil, guiding the worn component or a segment of the worn component in the magnetic field of the coil. If the worn component or a segment of the worn component forms the sensor's resistance, the resistance increases as the worn component erodes, which can be detected simply and without interference in terms of measurement technology. In a capacitive measurement segment, the worn component or a segment of the worn component forms the required second electrode of the detector. As the worn component wears, the capacitance of the capacitive detector formed by the worn component and the other electrode changes, from which the remaining wear length can be determined. In an inductive sensor, the worn area or a segment of the worn area can form the core of the coil of the inductive detector. Erosion of the detector can confirm the inductance of the coil.

[0025] The measurement section can be easily positioned within the wear area by arranging the sensor's measurement section within at least one notch in the wear area of ​​the wear component.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wear components to be monitored are the chisels, chisel holders, bases, milling machine ejectors, and / or wear sliders of the tool system. During milling operations, the chisels undergo severe wear and must be replaced frequently. Timely replacement is advantageous, thus preventing damage to the chisel holders or milling rollers that hold the chisels. On the other hand, the chisels only need to be replaced when they reach their wear threshold, thereby keeping the cost of replacing the chisels and the downtime of the milling machine very low. Continued wear of the chisel holders or bases of the tool system, which hold the chisels on the milling rollers, leads to chisel wear. This can be avoided by timely replacement of the chisel holders or bases. Ejectors and wear sliders are replaced less frequently than chisels. Determining the remaining wear length of the aforementioned wear components allows for the synchronization of different replacement intervals, thereby keeping the downtime of the milling machine very low.

[0027] The wear length of the wear area is measured via a sensor and its measuring section. This allows the measuring section to be specifically positioned within the high mechanical stress areas of the wear member. To protect the contactless readable electronic components used for data transmission from damage, at least one contactless readable electronic component can be arranged outside the wear area of ​​the wear member, preferably in a wear-resistant area of ​​the wear member, and particularly preferably in a recess within the wear member.

[0028] The object of the invention is also achieved by a milling machine having at least one wear member as described in claim 1, wherein the milling machine is equipped with at least one reading device for non-contactly reading sensor data stored in non-contactly readable electronic components. The measurement data is transmitted to a higher-level mechanical control unit of the milling machine via a reading device for another application. Advantageously, the reading device can be configured to read measurement data of multiple non-contactly readable electronic components arranged on one or more wear members; or, multiple reading devices can be arranged on the milling machine, each reading one or more non-contactly readable electronic components. The non-contactly readable electronic components can be individually connected to one or more sensors. This allows the wear condition of one or more wear members to be determined, and maintenance operations, including possible replacement of one or more wear members, to be planned. Premature and delayed replacement of wear members can be avoided in this way, thereby achieving economical operation of the milling machine while maintaining high milling quality.

[0029] A particularly preferred variant of the invention involves configuring a sensor, a contactless electronic component, a reading device, or a control unit connected to a reading device to determine, as a measure of wear on a worn component, the wear length measured along the monitored wear direction between a reference point, particularly the wear boundary of the worn component, and the wear surface of the worn component. This wear length provides the distance between the reference point and the wear surface, as well as the remaining material thickness. If the reference point is the wear boundary, reaching the wear boundary is marked as the wear limit value of the worn component, and the wear length corresponds to the remaining material thickness until the wear boundary is reached. Based on the wear length, for example, the possible milling power achieved by using the worn component until the required replacement can be estimated.

[0030] The wear length can be accurately determined by means of an electronic component, reading device, or control unit that can be read without contact, such that the wear length can be determined based on measurement data from at least one sensor.

[0031] Particularly preferably, the reading device can be configured as an RFID reading device. The contactless readable electronic component is then configured as an RFID transponder. RFID reading devices and RFID transponders are readily available on the market and optimally suited for a wide range of applications, thus allowing for cost-effective application with little or no modification to the present invention.

[0032] The objective of the method of this invention is achieved by determining the wear length of the worn component along the monitored wear direction as the distance between a reference point, particularly the wear boundary of the worn component and the wear surface of the worn component, or a measure related to the wear length, and reading it non-contactly. The wear length represents the wear state of the worn component. If the selected reference point corresponds to the wear boundary of the worn component, the wear length describes the remaining material thickness between the wear boundary and the wear surface. This makes it possible to predict the remaining service life of the worn component and thus significantly improves the plannability of maintenance operations. Advantageously, the worn component can be used until its wear boundary is reached, wherein exceeding the friction boundary can be ensured. In this way, cost-effective operation of the milling machine is achieved while maintaining high milling quality. Maintenance intervals for different worn components can be coordinated with each other, thereby keeping the downtime of the milling machine very short. Non-contact reading allows the determined wear length or the measure describing the wear length to be easily transmitted to, for example, a post-machine mechanical control device of the milling machine. This is particularly suitable for situations where wire contact is not feasible or difficult to achieve, since most worn components are moving components.

[0033] Particularly advantageously, the wear length or a measurement related to the wear length can be determined by means of a sensor and transmitted to at least one contactless readable electronic component. The sensor is optimally configured for the desired measurement task, i.e., determining the wear length. The contactless readable electronic component is designed to communicate with a corresponding reading device. Measurement data provided by the sensor is transmitted from the sensor to the contactless readable electronic component, and from there to a suitable reading device. Advantageously, the sensor can be arranged in the wear region of the wear member subjected to high mechanical stress, while the contactless readable electronic component can be positioned in a wear-resistant region. Preferably, the arrangement of the contactless readable electronic component is chosen such that interference-free radio communication with a sufficiently large distance from the corresponding reading device is ensured.

[0034] A preferred variant of the invention can be configured such that, as the wear member continues to wear, a measurement section of the sensor is eroded along with it, thereby changing the sensor's measurement signal and determining the wear length from the measurement signal; or, the measurement signal forms a metric related to the wear length. The size of the measurement section changes along with the size of the wear member. The accompanying change in the measurement signal is related to the change in the length of the measurement section and the change in the wear length. Therefore, the wear length can be directly derived from the measurement signal.

[0035] Preferably, the sensor can be configured to determine the impedance of resistors arranged at intervals and connected in parallel along the wear direction to be monitored; or, the sensor can determine the impedance of a resistive element extending in the wear direction; and the wear length can be determined based on the determined impedance, or the determined impedance can form a metric related to the wear length. Resistors or resistive elements are introduced into the wear region of the wear member and are eroded together with it by abrasion. In the case of multiple resistors arranged along the wear direction, the resistors are eroded sequentially as the wear member continues to erode. The impedance measured via all parallel resistors changes abruptly each time one of the resistors is destroyed. The current wear area can be determined based on the impedance measured by the sensor or the number of changes in the measured impedance. If the resistive element preferably has contact on both sides and extends into the wear region in the wear direction, it is continuously eroded together with the wear member by abrasion. This causes a continuous increase in the impedance measured on the resistive element, from which the remaining wear length can be determined. Resistors or resistive elements can be cost-effectively used as the measurement section of the sensor. Resistance measurements can be performed simply and without interference or at least with minimal interference.

[0036] Electrical measurement of the physical characteristics of the sensor's measurement section, which change along with the remaining wear length of the worn component, is achieved by powering the sensor via a battery, a accumulator, or an electromagnetic field used to read the contactless electronic component. Advantageously, the sensor and the contactless electronic component use the same power source.

[0037] If it is specified that wear length or a measurement related to wear length is temporarily stored by a contactless readable electronic component and read contactlessly by a reading device, then the sensor's measurement data can be sent to and stored on the contactless readable electronic component at any time. The measurement data can be read over time by the reading device, for example, when the contactless readable electronic component is within the sending or receiving area of ​​the reading device.

[0038] Preferably, the display unit can be configured to display the wear length of one or more wear components; and / or, the display unit can display or pre-provide suitable mechanical parameters related to the wear length of one or more wear components for operating the milling machine; and / or, the display unit can display milling tasks that can be performed with the milling machine without replacing one or more wear components, or the quality achieved without replacing one or more wear components when performing different milling tasks, related to the wear length of one or more wear components. If the display unit displays the wear length of one or more wear components, the machine operator can decide whether to replace one or more wear components immediately. Advantageously, the machine operator is also given advice on whether the wear component at this time is suitable for operating the milling machine. In this regard, in addition to providing the wear length, other parameters are also considered, such as the substrate to be machined, the required milling quality, etc. The provided mechanical parameters, such as feed rate, milling roller speed, milling depth, etc., can be displayed to the machine operator and set by them. However, it can also be stipulated that at least a single mechanical parameter is automatically adjusted based on the provided wear length, i.e., without the need for a machine operator. When the chisel is severely worn, finer milling operations can no longer be performed, or at least not to the desired quality. However, the chisel is still suitable for coarser milling tasks. Advantageously, the milling tasks still possible with the chisel at this point, or the quality still achievable with the chisel, can be displayed to the machine operator.

[0039] The wear rate of wear components applied at different locations on a milling machine can vary. This allows, for example, chisels to be subjected to different loads and different abrasion based on their position on the milling roller. To obtain the most uniform milling pattern possible, it is advantageous that chisels arranged on the milling roller have essentially the same wear condition when no chisels are worn to their limit in any area of ​​the milling roller and the wear is significantly less in another location. The same applies to other wear components of the milling machine, such as chisel supports. Therefore, to achieve uniform wear of wear components, it can be configured to suggest and / or show the mutual replacement of wear components based on recommendations for the wear length of the same wear component applied at different locations on the milling machine. Wear components previously arranged in areas with low loads can be moved to areas with higher loads, and vice versa. In this way, the wear condition of the wear components can be kept consistent even with different loads.

[0040] A particularly preferred variant of the invention can be configured such that the reading device is arranged on a tool for mounting and / or dismounting a chisel, and that the wear length or a measurement related to the wear length can be read non-contactly by the reading device during chisel replacement. During chisel replacement, for example, the wear condition of the corresponding chisel holder or the base of the chisel holder can be monitored. For this purpose, the tool and the reading device are arranged adjacent to the chisel holder or base with the non-contactly readable electronic component. This proximity between the reading device and the non-contactly readable electronic component enables non-contact data exchange around a large metal wear component that causes strong electromagnetic shielding. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. Wherein are shown: Figure 1 A schematic diagram and side view of a milling machine are shown. Figure 2 A schematic perspective view shows a milling roller and a chisel arranged thereon. Figure 3 The diagram shows schematically illustrated measurement sections within the wear areas of the chisel holder and the base, respectively, with a chisel, chisel holder, base, and sensor. Figure 4 A schematic cross-section of a chisel and a partially cutaway diagram showing resistors arranged in the wear area of ​​the chisel is shown. Figure 5 It shows in Figure 4 The section of the chisel shown in the image. Figure 6 A milling roller with a feeder is shown. Figure 7 It shows in Figure 3 The tool system shown in the diagram, along with the schematically illustrated contactless readable electronic components arranged in the wear area, are also included. Detailed Implementation

[0042] Figure 1The milling machine 10, here a road milling machine, is shown in the schematic and side view. The invention can also be applied to other types of milling machines used for foundation processing, such as road mixers, recyclers, and open-pit mining machines. The frame 12 is supported by a travel unit 11, such as a chain-driven mechanism, via four height-adjustable lifting columns 16. The milling machine 10 is operated via an operating table 17 arranged in the operating room 13. Milling rollers 15, schematically shown in dashed lines in the schematic diagram and concealed, are rotatably supported in a milling roller box. Side covers 18, serving as edge protection, are provided opposite to the sides of the milling rollers 15, contacting the surface to be removed. The side covers prevent lateral discharge of milled products and irregular protruding edges at the edges of the milling area. Wear elements (not shown) are replaceably fixed to the edge of the side cover 18 facing the foundation. A conveying device 14 is used to remove the milled products.

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic perspective view shows a milling roller 15 and a chisel 20 disposed thereon. In a variant of the milling roller 15 shown, the chisel 20 is alternatively held in a chisel holder 30. The chisel holder 30 itself is fixedly connected to the roller surface 15.2 of the milling drum 15.1 of the milling roller 15, which extends in multiple rows at an angle to the rotation direction of the milling roller 15. Preferably, the chisel holder 30 is welded to the milling drum 15. From the chisel 20, chisel heads 22 extend from the chisel holder 30 with chisel tips 21 disposed on their end sides. The chisel heads 22 and the chisel tips 21 disposed thereon are oriented obliquely to the rotation direction of the milling roller 15.

[0044] Different milling rollers 15 are used for the milling tasks to be performed, which have different arrangements of chisel holders 30 and types of chisel holders 30 and / or chisels 20 that match the corresponding chisel tasks.

[0045] In use, Figure 1 The milling machine 10 shown moves on the foundation to be processed at a feed rate input via the control table 17. A motor drives the milling rollers 15 to have an adjustable rotational speed. Chisels 20, arranged on the rotatable milling rollers 15, thus remove the foundation, such as road surface. A lifting column 16 allows adjustment of the height of the frame 12 and simultaneously the milling depth. Alternatively or additionally, the height of the milling rollers 15 relative to the frame 12 can be adjusted. The working power of the road milling machine, i.e., the section or area or mass or volume of road surface removed per unit time, is ultimately obtained from the feed rate, milling depth, and actual milling width.

[0046] The chisel 20 experiences severe wear. Therefore, the chisel must be replaced periodically. The service life of the chisel depends on the material properties of the substrate being machined and the mechanical parameters used to operate the milling machine 10 and the milling rollers 15.

[0047] To replace the chisel 20, the chisel can preferably be removed from the chisel holder 30 with the aid of a suitable tool and a new chisel 20 can be installed into the chisel holder 30.

[0048] The chisel holder 30 also comes into contact with and wears on the foundation that needs to be removed. Furthermore, the chisel holder 30 wears particularly on the contact surface of the chisel 20 on which it is supported, thus requiring replacement over time. Therefore, the service life of the chisel holder 30 is longer than that of the chisel 20 held thereon. Other wear components, such as the wear elements arranged on the side cover 18, have a longer service life, but even so, they must be replaced when they reach their wear threshold.

[0049] If the chisel 20 is used for an excessively long period, it will be overused beyond its wear limit, leading to increased wear on the corresponding chisel holder 30. Using an overused chisel 20 also reduces milling quality and efficiency. There is a risk of the chisel 20 falling off in cases of severe overuse of the chisel holder 30. Uneven wear on the chisel holder 30 results in poorer milling quality.

[0050] Premature replacement of worn components leads to increased costs and shorter maintenance intervals, resulting in longer downtime for the milling machine 10.

[0051] Figure 3 A tool system 80 is shown, which has a chisel 20, a chisel holder 30, a base 40, and a sensor 61 introduced into the wear area 70 of the chisel holder 30, schematically shown as a measuring section 64.

[0052] The chisel 20 can be configured as a round bar chisel having a chisel head 22 and a chisel shank 26. The chisel 20 carries a clamping sleeve 51 in the region of its chisel shank 26. The clamping sleeve 51 can rotate freely on the chisel shank 26 in the circumferential direction of the chisel shank 26, but is held in the axial direction to prevent loss. The clamping sleeve 51 allows the chisel 20 to be held clamped in the chisel receiving portion 34 of the chisel holder 30. Figure 3 As shown, the chisel head 22 has a chisel tip 21 including a connector 23. The chisel tip 21 is made of a hard material, preferably a hard metal. The chisel tip 21 is fixed to the chisel head 22 by means of the connector 23, preferably brazed to the chisel head.

[0053] The chisel 20 may (not shown) be equipped with a second sensor 61 and a second RFID transponder 60, as per [reference needed]. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As stated above.

[0054] The chisel holder 30 has a support body 31, and a retaining section 32 is molded onto the support body pointing towards the chisel 20. The retaining section 32 may be constructed, for example, as a cylinder and penetrated by a chisel receiving portion 34. A wear plate 50 may be provided on the end side of the retaining section 32 facing the chisel head 22, through which the chisel shank 26 of the chisel 20 is guided to the chisel receiving portion 34. Correspondingly, the chisel 20 is supported on the wear plate 50 by a flange 29. The end side of the retaining section 32 facing the wear plate 50 has the greatest wear on the chisel holder 30. The retaining section 32 is worn from its front surface by the rotation and pressure of the chisel 20, which is transmitted to the front surface of the retaining section 32 via the wear plate 50.

[0055] On the support 31, a plug-in protrusion 36 is molded away from the chisel 20. The plug-in protrusion 36 is inserted into the plug-in receiving portion 42 of the base 40 and held therein, for example, by means of a fixing bolt 52. The chisel holder 30 is thus detachably fixed to the base 40.

[0056] The base 40 connects with the lower connecting side 41. Figure 2 The milling roller 15.1 shown is connected and preferably welded.

[0057] Besides the chisel 20, the chisel holder 30 and the base 40 are also wear components of the milling machine 10. Therefore, during normal operation of the milling machine 10, the chisel holder 30 has a longer service life than the chisel 20, and the base 40 has a longer service life than the chisel holder 30.

[0058] Wear on the chisel holder 30 and / or the base 40 can be detected by means of at least one sensor 61, as shown here for the chisel holder 30. The obtained measurement data is transmitted to the corresponding reading device via a contactless RFID transponder 60. The reading device may consist of an antenna and corresponding electronic components. In this case, the antenna and electronic components may exist as structural units or constructed separately.

[0059] To monitor the wear condition of the chisel holder 30, a notch 35 is provided in the retaining section 32 of the chisel holder. The notch 35 may be configured in the shape of a hole, for example, and extends longitudinally in the direction of the central axis of the chisel holder 34, which is offset from it. The notch is configured so that one end faces the end side of the retaining section 32 that faces the chisel 20.

[0060] A resistive element 65 is arranged in a recess 35. The resistive element 65 may be configured as a rod and oriented along its longitudinal direction in the longitudinal direction of the recess 35. The resistive element has a resistive material that contacts two contacts 65.1 opposite each other along the longitudinal direction of the resistive element 65. The contacts 65.1 are connected to a measuring circuit 62 via a connecting line 63. The resistive element 65 and the measuring circuit 62 form a sensor 61. The measuring circuit 62 is arranged in a recess within the chisel holder 30. However, it is conceivable that the measuring circuit 62 can be positioned at any other location on the chisel holder 30 via a wired connection between the measuring circuit 62 and the resistive element 65. The measuring circuit 62 is connected to an RFID transponder 60 via another cable. The RFID transponder 60 is an electronic component that can be read without contact. The RFID transponder 60 is preferably arranged in a rear inlet of the chisel receiver 34. The rear inlet allows a tool to be introduced into the chisel receiver 34 to remove the chisel 20. In the selected location, the RFID transponder 60 is not, or is not completely, surrounded by metal. This enables a radio connection with a corresponding, not shown, reading device. The RFID transponder 60 can also be arranged on any other part of the chisel holder 30. For this purpose, a wear-resistant location is advantageously chosen, which is not, or is not completely, surrounded by metal and is therefore not electromagnetically shielded. For this purpose, the RFID transponder can be glued, cast, or magnetically fixed to the chisel holder.

[0061] As previously described, the wear of the chisel holder 30 primarily begins from the end side of its holding section 32 facing the chisel 20 and the wear piece 50. Therefore, the wear area 70 to be monitored is located in the front region of the holding section 32 and is indicated by a double arrow. The wear direction 71 of the monitored wear area 70 extends from the end side of the holding section 32 facing the wear piece 50, corresponding to the central axis of the chisel receiver 34. The wear direction is indicated by an arrow. A wear surface 72 is formed on the end side of the holding section 32. A wear boundary 74 extending transversely to the central axis of the chisel receiver 34 forms the termination of the wear area 70 to be monitored.

[0062] During the milling process, the holding section 32 is worn from its side facing the chisel 20. The position of the worn surface 72 thus moves towards the wear boundary 74. As wear continues, the resistive element 65 is also stripped away from its side facing the chisel 20. The resistance of the resistive element 65, measured between the two contacts 65.1, increases. The resistance of the resistive element 65 changes according to the remaining wear length, which is the dimension between the wear boundary 74 (serving as a reference point) and the worn surface 72. The impedance changes continuously with continued wear. The impedance is measured by the measuring circuit 62 of the sensor 61. The resulting measurement data is transmitted to and temporarily stored in a contactless readable electronic component (RFID transponder 60). The measurement data can be read from the electronic component by a reading device (not shown) arranged on the milling machine 10 outside the tool system 80. Alternatively, the impedance can also be measured when reading the RFID transponder.

[0063] Particularly preferably, the reading device can be arranged on a tool (not shown) for installing and / or removing the chisel 20. Thus, the reading device can be, for example, arranged on the ejector core of the tool, which is led through a rear inlet to the chisel shank 26 of the chisel 20 held in the chisel receiving portion 34 during chisel removal. When replacing the chisel 20, the reading device can be used to read a contactlessly readable electronic component (RFID transponder 60) arranged on the chisel holder 30. For this purpose, measurement data from the sensor 61 is transmitted to the reading device arranged on the tool. The remaining wear length of the chisel holder 30, or a dimension related to the wear length, can be detected and evaluated in this way during chisel replacement. Therefore, the wear condition of the corresponding chisel holder 30 is determined each time the chisel is replaced. It can then be decided whether the chisel holder 30 should continue to be used or be replaced. It is conceivable that the remaining wear length is directly indicated by the tool, for example via a display or optical or acoustic signal arranged thereon. It is also conceivable to transmit the data from the reading device to another evaluation unit, such as to a computer or the mechanical control unit of a milling machine, and to evaluate and / or display it there.

[0064] To assess the wear condition of the base 40, a sensor 61 (not shown) may also be provided for the base 40. The sensor has a resistive element 65 and a measuring circuit 62, as described for the chisel holder 30. The resistive element 65 also forms the measuring section 64 of the sensor 61. It may be arranged along the wear direction 71, as indicated by the arrow, in the wear area 70 of the base 40 for monitoring. Figure 7 (As shown in the image).

[0065] It is also conceivable that, in Figure 1A sensor 61 is arranged on the side cover shown. The sensor's measurement section 64 is guided along a pre-defined wear direction 71 within a wear area 70 of a wear member detachably arranged on the side cover 18 for monitoring. The measurement data from the sensor 61 can be transmitted to and read by a contactless reading component, such as an RFID transponder 60. In this way, the wear condition of the side cover 18 can be monitored.

[0066] Figure 4 The diagram shows a chisel 20 and a schematically illustrated resistor 66 arranged in the wear area of ​​the chisel 20. Figure 5 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram (shown in the diagram). The chisel tip 21 forms the front closing portion of the chisel 20. The chisel tip is preferably made of hard plastic, and in the illustrated embodiment, it is made of polycrystalline diamond (PKD). The chisel tip 21 is held in the recess of the connector 23, and is further secured in a recess formed into the chisel head 22. The connector 23 is made of hard material, here of hard metal. The chisel head 22 is made of steel. The chisel tip 21, connector 23, and chisel head 22 form a surface that is inclined relative to the longitudinal central axis M of the chisel 20 and tapers towards the chisel tip 21, along which the milling product removed by the chisel 20 is guided. A tool receiving portion 24 is formed on the outer circumference of the chisel head 22, which transitions into the chisel shank 26 of the chisel 20 via a slightly curved support surface 25. The chisel shank 26 is constructed in a cylindrical shape. The chisel shank has a thread 28 on its end side, which is separated from the unthreaded area of ​​the chisel shank 26 by an annular groove 27. The chisel 20 can be inserted into a corresponding receiving portion of the chisel holder 30 by means of its chisel shank 26, for example in... Figure 2 As shown, it is held therein by a helical connection with its thread 28. The chisel at this time rests against the corresponding shaped mating surface of the chisel holder 30 with its support surface 25. To open and close the helical connection, the tool can be placed on the tool receiving part 24.

[0067] In this invention, not only can... Figure 3 and Figure 4 The chisel 20 is shown. This invention can also be used with other types of chisels having a holding section and a working section.

[0068] During operation, the chisel 20 is guided forward by its chisel tip 21 through the foundation to be removed. In this process, the chisel tip 21, connector 23, and chisel head 22 are subjected to severe mechanical loads. The chisel tip 21, made of polycrystalline diamond, experiences relatively little abrasion due to its extremely high hardness. However, the outer surfaces of the connector 23 and chisel head 22 are severely stripped away. For example, if the connector 23 is worn so severely that the notch holding the chisel tip 21 is exposed, the chisel tip 21 will disappear. The chisel 20 is then worn out and unusable.

[0069] The measuring section 64 of sensor 61 is located in the front region of connector 23 along the working direction. The measuring section 64 is electrically connected to the measuring circuit 62 of sensor 61 via an input wire. The measuring circuit 62 is integrated into an RFID transponder 60, which is an electronic component that can be read without contact. The RFID transponder is located on the end of chisel shank 26 opposite to chisel head 22.

[0070] Figure 5 It shows Figure 4 The section of the chisel 20 shown is located in the region of the chisel tip 21. The chisel 20 is worn starting from its outer surface. This also erodes the surface of the connecting element 23 arranged around the chisel tip 21 during milling operations. This surface is thus the wear surface 72 of the chisel 20, as already addressed. Figure 3 This refers to the chisel holder 30 shown here. Through abrasion, the worn surface 72 approaches the wear boundary 74 of the chisel 20, indicated by the dashed line. If the connecting element 23 is overused, causing the worn surface 72 to reach the wear boundary 74, a high risk arises that the chisel tip 21 disappears and the chisel 20 becomes unusable. The chisel 20 then needs to be replaced. The thickness of the material remaining between the wear boundary 74 and the worn surface 72, as the wear length, forms a measure of the wear condition of the chisel 20.

[0071] According to the invention, resistors 66 are arranged within connector 23 along the wear direction 71 indicated by arrows. Resistors 66 are distributed on the wear area 70 to be monitored along the wear direction 71 indicated by arrows, extending from the wear surface 72 to the wear boundary 74. The resistors are connected in parallel and via connecting wires 63 to a measurement circuit 62 integrated in the RFID transponder 60, as shown in... Figure 4 As shown in the diagram. Measurement circuit 62 enables the determination of the total impedance of the parallel resistor 66. Resistor 66 and measurement circuit 62 together form sensor 61. For this purpose, the parallel resistor 66 forms the measurement section 64 of sensor 61. RFID transponder 60 is a contactless readable electronic component. For exchanging measurement data, the RFID transponder is internally electrically connected to the measurement circuit 62 of sensor 61.

[0072] As the chisel 20 wears along the monitored wear direction 71, the resistors 66 arranged within the wear area 70 are also eroded in the order they are arranged along the wear direction 71. This causes a change in the impedance of the parallel resistors 66, determined by the measuring circuit 62 of the sensor 61. The erosion of the resistors 66 is determined by the measuring circuit 62 based on the measured impedance. The position of the resistors 66 within the wear area 70 and along the wear direction 71 is known. Therefore, the wear length can be derived from the measured impedance as the dimension between the current position of the wear boundary 74 and the wear surface 72, with the wear boundary serving as a reference point.

[0073] In the illustrated embodiment, the resistors 66 are arranged at equal intervals. Therefore, the confirmed change in measured impedance characterizes the reduction of the wear length 70 by the spacing between the two resistors. The wear length 70 is determined intermittently, wherein the resolution in detecting the wear length 70 is provided by the spacing between the two resistors 66. In the illustrated embodiment, three sequentially consecutive resistors 66 are provided. However, only two resistors 66 or more than three resistors 66 may also be provided along the wear direction 71. Thus, the resolution for determining the remaining wear length can be adjusted according to the corresponding requirements.

[0074] The wear length 70 can be directly derived from the measured impedance. This requires a calibrated measurement circuit 62 that enables sufficiently accurate impedance measurement. Each measurement corresponds to multiple remaining resistors 66. Because the resistors 66 are eroded along the wear direction 71 and in a predetermined order, the wear length can be determined, given the number of remaining resistors 66 and the location of each resistor 66, as the dimension between a selected reference point, here the wear boundary 74, and the outermost un-eroded resistor 66.

[0075] It is also conceivable that, in order to determine the wear length, the number of impedance changes occurring must be determined and evaluated. In each eroded resistor 66, the impedance increase is measured. Therefore, the number of eroded resistors 66 and the number of remaining resistors 66 can be derived from the confirmed number of impedance changes. Because the resistors 66 are eroded sequentially along the wear direction 71, the remaining wear length can be determined given the known number and location of the eroded or remaining resistors 66.

[0076] In the disclosure of this patent application, the above-described embodiments relating to the application and arrangement of the resistor 66 with respect to the chisel 20 can also be combined with the above-described chisel holder 30.

[0077] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the resistors 66 are arranged at varying intervals along the wear direction 71. This allows for, for example, a larger spacing between the resistors 66 when the wear length is large, and a smaller spacing when the wear length is small. In this arrangement, the accuracy in determining the wear length is improved before reaching the wear boundary 74 and immediately before the need to replace the chisel 20, while allowing for less accuracy in determining the wear length even when the wear length is large, in a relatively unimportant wear state of the chisel 20. Advantageously, the area on the outside of the chisel 20 or chisel holder 30 in its new state is weakened to a very small extent due to the smaller number of resistors 66 arranged there, thereby increasing the service life of the chisel 20 / chisel holder 30.

[0078] The wear direction 71 does not need to extend in the direction of the longitudinal centerline M of the chisel 20 or the longitudinal axis of the chisel housing of the chisel holder 30. In principle, any suitable direction is conceivable. In particular, it is conceivable that the wear direction 71 is set inclined to the longitudinal centerline M of the chisel 20 or the longitudinal axis of the chisel housing of the chisel holder 30, or perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline M / longitudinal axis, or set on a curved track. The resistor 66 is then arranged along the inclined or curved wear direction 71. In the arrangement of the resistor 66 along the inclined or curved wear direction 71, the wear length is measured between a reference point, particularly the wear boundary 74 and the wear surface 72.

[0079] In the illustrated embodiment, the measurement circuit 62 of sensor 61 is integrated into RFID transponder 60. The connection between the measurement circuit 62 and the resistor 66 of the measurement section 64 is achieved via a connecting line 63. The connecting line 63 is guided to the resistor 66 through holes passing through the chisel shank 26 and the chisel head 22 or the chisel holder 30. It is also conceivable that the connecting line 63 is bonded to an area to avoid wear, such as the surface of the chisel or the corresponding surface of the chisel holder 30. The resistor 66 may be positioned within one or more recesses in the connector 23 or the chisel holder 30. The RFID transponder 60 is arranged on the end of the chisel shank 26 opposite the chisel head 22. The RFID transponder is thus located in an area to avoid wear. The RFID transponder 60 is positioned on the surface of the chisel shank 26 (or the surface of the chisel holder 30). Therefore, the RFID transponder can be read without interference and at a greater distance by a suitable reading device.

[0080] In the illustrated embodiment, a passive RFID transponder 60 is used. The RFID transponder is powered by an electromagnetic field emitted by a reading device. Advantageously, this energy is also used for resistance measurements. The RFID transponder 60 and sensor 61 do not require their own power source in this configuration. Therefore, they can be retained or used for extended periods without discharging the required power source.

[0081] It is also conceivable to use an active RFID transponder 60. This transponder has its own battery and memory for storing data. Advantageously, the measurement circuit 62 of the sensor 61 is also powered via the battery of the RFID transponder 60. Therefore, the impedance of the parallel resistor 66 can be measured at any point in time. Preferably, measurements are performed at predetermined time intervals to keep the energy consumption of the sensor 61 very low.

[0082] The measurement signal derived from sensor 61 and related to the impedance value of parallel resistor 66 is digitized and temporarily stored as measurement data in the memory of RFID transponder 60. The measurement signal can be read from this location using a suitable reading device. The current signal can be stored as measurement data as a measure related to the resistance value of the remaining parallel resistor 66 and the wear length. Alternatively, the measurement signal can be configured to generate a resistance value, which is then transmitted from sensor 61 to RFID transponder 60 as measurement data and stored digitally in its memory. Similarly, the wear length can be derived from the measurement signal from sensor 61 and stored as measurement data.

[0083] Based on the determined wear length, the machine operator can determine whether the chisel 20 and / or chisel holder 30 have a sufficiently long remaining service life for the next milling task and whether the required milling quality can be achieved with the help of the chisel 20 and / or chisel holder 30. It is also conceivable that, with reference to other operating data, such as the material properties of the substrate to be machined, and with reference to the determined wear length, the expected remaining service life of the chisel 20 and / or chisel holder 30 can be automatically established and displayed to the machine operator. The machine operator can then decide whether the chisel 20 and / or chisel holder 30 needs to be replaced or should continue to be used. The machine operator can also determine appropriate maintenance times for different worn components, such as different chisels 20 and / or different chisel holders, based on the determined wear length, in which multiple worn components can be replaced simultaneously. This allows maintenance operations to be adjusted according to different worn components, thereby keeping the downtime of the milling machine 10 very low. Worn components can be used until they reach their wear boundary, thereby keeping replacement parts requirements very low. Providing the wear length allows for advance planning of maintenance operations compared to simply monitoring whether the wear boundary 74 has been reached. This method avoids unforeseen downtime while maintaining high milling quality.

[0084] Figure 6 A milling roller 15 with a feeder 81 is shown. Multiple bases 40 of a tool system 80 are welded to the roller surface 15.2. Each base 40 carries a replaceable chisel holder 30, which holds a chisel 20. The bases 40 are arranged in such a manner that a helix, or transport helix 82, is formed. For clarity, only the internal tool system 80 is shown; the other direction of the transport helix 82 is indicated by a dashed line. The dashed line here represents the longitudinal central axis M of the chisel 20 (not shown). The transport helix 82 begins at the side of the milling roller 15 and winds around the center of the milling drum formed between the two sides on the roller surface 15.2.

[0085] The transport spirals 82 meet in pairs in the area at the center of the milling roller. (As in...) Figure 6As can be seen, at least one ejector unit is arranged here, each having a support member 83 and an ejector 81 fixed thereon. The ejector 81 is used to eject the milled product removed by the chisel 20 onto a conveyor belt (not shown). The milled product is then transported from the transport spiral 82 to the ejector unit with the ejector 81.

[0086] The radially outer area of ​​the ejector 81 is particularly prone to wear during tooling application. If it reaches its wear boundary 74 (not shown here), the ejector 81 must be replaced. A sensor 61 and a corresponding contactless readable electronic component (RFID transponder 60) may also be arranged on the ejector 81, such as for... Figures 3 to 6 The graphic meaning of the wear member is shown. This makes it possible to determine the remaining wear length, from which the remaining service life of the feeder 81 can be derived.

[0087] about Figures 3 to 5 The sensor 61 enables the determination of the wear length 74 on the worn component of the milling machine 10 as the dimension between the wear surface 72 and a reference point, particularly the wear boundary. Determining the wear length 74, rather than simply determining whether the wear boundary 74 has been reached, has the advantage of determining the intended use path of the worn component. This allows for prediction, for example, of another anticipated use path, required maintenance, or achievable milling quality—the milling quality that the worn component should achieve under the given usage conditions. Mechanical parameters of the milling machine 10, such as feed rate, rotational speed of the milling roller 15, or depth of cut, can also be adjusted or limited based on the obtained wear length, thereby achieving good milling quality with high milling power and low energy consumption. Maintenance operations for different worn components can be coordinated with each other. This avoids additional downtime for the milling machine 10, such as maintenance operations that might occur when unexpected replacements of worn components are required. Timely replacement of worn components results in high achievable milling quality, while simultaneously achieving high milling power and low operating costs.

[0088] The sensor 61 with the aforementioned measurement section 64 can be used for different wear parts of the milling machine 10. A parallel resistor 66 arranged along the wear direction 71 can thus be provided in the wear region 70 of the chisel holder 30. Correspondingly, a resistive element 65 for continuous measurement during chiseling can be provided. It is also conceivable to use other sensors 61 with other measurement sections 64 that can determine the wear length, and to transmit their measurement data by means of contactless electronic components. Inductive, capacitive, or optical sensors 61 can thus be used. In an optical sensor 61, for example, one or more optical conductors, particularly glass fibers or bundles of glass fibers, can be guided along the wear direction 71 into the wear region 70. The wear region is then eroded along with the wear part that needs to be monitored. This shortens the optical path within the optical conductor, which can be determined in measurement techniques, for example, by runtime measurement or interferometry.

[0089] The application of this invention is not limited to the wear member shown and the wear area 70 that needs to be monitored. Rather, it can be installed on any wear member of a milling machine. Thus, the wear performance of different types of chisels, chisel supports, and bases can be monitored using sensor 61. Multiple wear areas 70 on the wear member can also be monitored.

[0090] Figure 7 It shows Figure 3 The tool system 80 shown in the figure, and the schematically illustrated non-contact readable electronic components arranged in the wear area 70 according to the independent concept of the invention.

[0091] The construction of tool system 80 corresponds to the reference. Figure 3 The described structure. Contactless readable electronic components are arranged along the wear direction 71 in the form of RFID transponders 60. Each RFID transponder 60 has a unique identification code, which can be read by a reading device (not shown) arranged on the milling machine 10 or a tool used for mounting or dismounting the chisel 20. In application, the holding section 32 of the chisel holder 30 wears down from its surface. In response, the wear surface 72, arranged along the wear direction 71, moves towards the wear boundary 74 along the wear direction 71. During the wear of the holding section 32, the RFID transponders 60 are exposed and eroded due to their sequential arrangement along the wear direction 71. The identification codes of the thus damaged RFID transponders 60 can no longer be detected by the reading device. The remaining wear length can be determined from the RFID transponders 60 whose identification codes can still be verified facing the outermost part of the wear surface 72, as the distance between the wear surface 72 and the reference point that preferably forms the wear boundary 74 of the chisel holder 30. Therefore, the wear length of the holding section 32 is determined intermittently. The wear length can be used for planning maintenance operations as previously described.

[0092] Therefore, the independent concept of the present invention stipulates that two or more contactless readable electronic components are arranged sequentially and spaced apart from each other in or along a wear region 70 along at least one wear direction 71 that needs to be monitored. Each contactless readable electronic component is equipped with a clear and contactless readable identification code. Preferably, the contactless readable electronic components arranged sequentially and spaced apart from each other in or along a wear region 70 in at least one wear direction 71 that needs to be monitored are each equipped with a position that can be clearly determined by the identification code; and the reading device or control unit is configured such that the wear length is defined as the area defined from a reference point up to the position of the last component whose identification code is no longer readable in the wear direction, or up to the first component whose identification code is readable in the wear direction, or up to the area defined between the last component whose identification code is no longer readable in the wear direction and the first component whose identification code is readable in the wear direction.

[0093] Favorably, in relation to Figure 7 The description of determining the wear length as a measure of the wear state of the corresponding worn component does not require an additional sensor 61.

Claims

1. A wear component used in a milling machine (10), particularly a road milling machine, road mixer, recycling machine, open-pit mining machine, etc., wherein, Assigning at least one contactless electronic component to the worn component to determine its wear, characterized in that at least one sensor (61) is connected to at least one contactless electronic component for transmitting data, the contactless electronic component being configured to receive measurement data from the sensor (61) and for contactless reading, and At least one measuring section (64) of the sensor (61) is guided into the wear area (70) along at least one wear direction (71) to be monitored or along the wear area (70) of the wear member.

2. The wear member according to claim 1, characterized in that, The erosion of the measurement section (64) causes the measurement signal of the sensor (61) to change continuously or intermittently.

3. The wear member according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The sensor (61) or a part of the sensor (61), particularly the measurement circuit (62) of the sensor (61), is an integral part of the contactless readable electronic component; or, the sensor (61) is detachably, preferably electrically connected to the contactless readable electronic component via a plug-in connection; or, the sensor (61) is connected to the contactless readable electronic component via a fixed electrical connection; or, the sensor (61) is connected to the contactless readable electronic component via a radio connection.

4. The wear member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, One or more contactless electronic components are formed by RFID transponders (60).

5. The wear member according to claim 4, characterized in that, The RFID transponder (60) is a passive RFID transponder (60), an active RFID transponder (60), or a semi-active RFID transponder (60).

6. The wear member according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The sensor (61) is powered by a battery or accumulator of an electronic component that can be read without contact, or by energy from an electromagnetic field used to read the component without contact.

7. The wear member according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The measurement section (64) of the sensor (61) is formed by two or more resistors (66) arranged at intervals along the wear direction (71) to be monitored and connected in parallel.

8. The wear member according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The measurement section (64) of the sensor (61) is formed by a resistive element (65), and the impedance of the resistive element (65) changes due to the wear of the resistive element.

9. The wear member according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The measurement section (64) of the sensor (61) is formed by a capacitive detector or an inductive detector, and the capacitance of the capacitive detector or the inductance of the inductive detector changes due to the wear of the detector.

10. The wear member according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The measurement section (64) of the sensor (61) is formed at least in part by the wear area (70) of the wear member, or by at least one section of the wear area of ​​the wear member.

11. The wear member according to claim 10, characterized in that, The measurement signal of the sensor (61) is formed by the resistance of the wear member or a segment of the wear member; or, the measurement signal of the sensor (61) is formed by the capacitance measured between the electrode and the wear member or a segment of the wear member; or, the measurement signal is formed by the inductance of a coil that guides the wear member or a segment of the wear member in the magnetic field of the coil.

12. The wear member according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The wear components to be monitored are the chisel (20), chisel holder (30), base (40) of the tool system (81), the ejector (81) of the milling machine (10), and / or the wear slider (18).

13. The wear member according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, At least one electronic component that can be read without contact is arranged outside the wear area of ​​the wear component, preferably in the wear-resistant area of ​​the wear component, and particularly preferably in a recess (35) within the wear component.

14. A milling machine (10), particularly a road milling machine, road mixing machine, recycling machine, open-pit mining machine, etc., wherein, The milling machine (10) has wear components, particularly the chisel (20), chisel holder (30), base (40), ejector (81) and / or wear slider of the tool system (81), characterized in that the milling machine (10) has wear components according to any one of claims 1 to 13; the milling machine (10) is equipped with at least one reading device for reading measurement data stored in one or more contactless electronic components of the sensor.

15. The milling machine (10) according to claim 14, characterized in that, The sensor (61) or an electronic component or reading device capable of non-contact reading, or a control unit connected to the reading device, is configured to determine, as a measure of wear on the wear component, the wear length measured along the wear direction (71) to be monitored between a reference point, in particular the wear boundary (74) of the wear component, and the wear surface (72) of the wear component.

16. The milling machine (10) according to claim 15, characterized in that, The electronic component, the reading device, or the control unit that can be read without contact is configured such that the wear length is determined based on measurement data from at least one sensor (61).

17. The milling machine (10) according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that, The reading device is an RFID reading device.

18. A method for determining the wear of wear components of a milling machine (10), particularly for determining the wear of wear components of road milling machines, road mixers, recycling machines, open-pit mining machines, etc., wherein, The wear member is equipped with at least one electronic component that can be read without contact, wherein data of the at least one electronic component that can be read without contact is read by a reading device, and wherein the wear of the wear member is determined based on the read data, characterized in that the wear length of the wear member is determined as the distance or a measure related to the wear length between a reference point, in particular the wear boundary (74) of the wear member and the wear surface (72) of the wear member, along the wear direction (71) to be monitored, and is read without contact.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, As the wear member continues to wear, the measuring section (64) of the sensor (61) is eroded together, thereby changing the measuring signal of the sensor (61), and the wear length is determined by the measuring signal, or the measuring signal forms a metric related to the wear length.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that, The sensor (61) is powered by a battery or a storage battery or by an electromagnetic field used to read the components that can be read without contact.

21. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that, The wear length of one or more wear components is displayed by a display unit; and / or, the display unit displays or pre-determines suitable mechanical parameters related to the wear length of one or more wear components for operating the milling machine (10); and / or, the display unit displays the milling task related to the wear length of one or more wear components that can be performed by the milling machine (10) without replacing one or more wear components, or the quality achieved when performing different milling tasks without replacing one or more wear components, in relation to the wear length of one or more wear components.

22. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that, Based on the provided recommendations on the wear length of the same wear member applied at different locations on the milling machine (10), suggestions for mutual replacement of the wear members are given and / or shown.

23. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that, The reading device is arranged on a tool for installing and / or removing the chisel (20); when replacing the chisel (20), the wear length or a measurement related to the wear length is read non-contactly by the reading device.

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