Dust falling method and dust falling system for underground stoping of solid potassium salt mine

Abstract

The invention discloses a dust falling method and system for underground stoping of a solid potassium salt mine, and belongs to the field of mine dust prevention and control. According to the method, the dissolving characteristic of the sylvite ore is creatively utilized, a sylvite saturated viscous solution is used as a dust fall medium, dust is inhibited in the whole process through a three-stage cooperative system of pre-wetting, wrapping spraying and air flow purification, a medium cyclic regeneration system is established, and zero discharge of dust fall wastewater and sylvite resource recovery are achieved. The system comprises a PSVS preparation and adjustment subsystem, a three-stage dust fall execution subsystem, a perception and control subsystem and a resource recycling subsystem, and an intelligent decision center of the system executes a cooperative control algorithm based on dust distribution prediction to realize prospective precise dust fall. The method fundamentally solves the problems of low efficiency, resource waste and environmental pollution of traditional clean water dust falling and potassium salt mine dust dissolution, and has the comprehensive benefits of high efficiency, safety, environmental protection and recycling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of dust control technology in mining, specifically relating to a dust suppression method and system for underground mining of solid potassium salt mines. Background Technology

[0002] During the underground mining of solid potash mines, the use of machinery such as continuous mining machines and tunneling machines generates a large amount of fine dust rich in potash. This dust not only seriously endangers workers' health and increases the risk of pneumoconiosis, but at certain concentrations, it can also trigger dust explosions, seriously threatening safe production in the mine.

[0003] Currently, water spraying is commonly used for dust suppression in potash mines. However, this method has the following inherent drawbacks: Dissolution and damage to the mine wall: Water dissolves the potash ore on the mining face, causing the mine wall to soften and collapse, forming new irregular surfaces. This exacerbates dust generation and seriously affects the stability of the roadway, posing a risk to roof safety. Low dust suppression efficiency: Water has high surface tension and poor wetting and capture ability for fine dust. Furthermore, water evaporates quickly, resulting in a short dust suppression duration and inability to effectively suppress dust. Severe resource waste: Potash dissolved in the water is carried away by the water flow, causing the loss of valuable potash resources and directly leading to economic losses. Environmental pollution burden: Improperly treated saline wastewater can cause serious pollution to the soil and water bodies surrounding the mining area after discharge.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a new dust suppression method and system that can overcome the above-mentioned defects, effectively reduce dust, protect the ore body, and recover resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The primary objective of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a dust suppression method and system for underground mining of solid potash mines. This method can not only effectively suppress dust, but also avoid dissolving the mine wall, recover potash resources, and achieve zero wastewater discharge in the dust suppression process.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a dust suppression method for underground mining of solid potash mines, comprising the following steps:

[0008] A potassium salt saturated viscous solution is provided as a dust-suppressing medium;

[0009] The potassium salt saturated viscous solution is used to pre-wet the mining face, apply a wrapping spray to the cutting point, and purify the return airflow in sequence to synergistically suppress and capture dust.

[0010] The dust-laden liquid collected through the three-stage synergistic dust suppression process is recycled and purified to regenerate the potassium salt saturated viscous solution, thus establishing a circulation system.

[0011] Optionally, the step of preparing the potassium salt saturated viscous solution includes:

[0012] In a closed underground reaction vessel, the collected potassium salt dust and / or crushed ore are mixed with underground recycled water to form a saturated or supersaturated aqueous solution of potassium salt.

[0013] Optionally, it also includes a step of real-time monitoring and adjustment of the physicochemical properties of the potassium salt saturated viscous solution.

[0014] The monitoring and adjustment steps include:

[0015] The viscosity of the potassium salt saturated viscous solution is monitored using an online viscometer, and an environmentally friendly thickener is injected via a metering pump based on the monitoring results to maintain the viscosity within a preset range; and / or,

[0016] A polymeric anti-evaporation agent is compounded in the potassium salt saturated viscous solution.

[0017] Optionally, the pre-wetting step includes:

[0018] Before the mining equipment is operated, the potassium salt saturated viscous solution is sprayed onto the ore wall to be mined through a pre-wetting nozzle arranged on the cutting head in the forward direction of the mining equipment to form a pre-wetting film.

[0019] The pre-wetting film is allowed to evaporate moisture under the action of underground airflow, which promotes the precipitation of solute and forms a crystal bridging structure between dust particles and the surface of the ore body.

[0020] Optionally, the encapsulation spraying step includes:

[0021] At the cutting point of the mining equipment, the potassium salt saturated viscous solution is atomized and sprayed through a gas-liquid two-phase flow nozzle to form a wrapping fog curtain around the cutting mechanism;

[0022] Based on the real-time power of the cutting motor of the mining equipment, according to the following formula:

[0023]

[0024] The spray flow rate Q of the fog screen is adjusted, where P is the real-time power, K is the proportional coefficient, and C is the basic flow constant.

[0025] Optionally, the airflow purification step includes:

[0026] A scrubbing dust collector is installed in the return airflow of the tunnel so that the dust-laden airflow comes into contact with the liquid film of the potassium salt saturated viscous solution for purification;

[0027] Based on the real-time dust concentration in the return airflow According to the relation:

[0028]

[0029] The fan speed N of the washing and dust removal device is adjusted, where Dt is the target concentration, M is the adjustment coefficient, and N0 is the minimum safe operating speed of the fan.

[0030] Optionally, the step of establishing the cyclic system includes:

[0031] The dust-laden liquid is collected into a sedimentation and separation device via a collection pipeline;

[0032] Solid particles in the dust-laden liquid are graded and recovered using a hydrocyclone separator and a precision filter connected in series with the sedimentation separation device.

[0033] The supernatant after precipitation and separation is transported to a purification and regeneration device, where insoluble impurities are removed by centrifugation and / or membrane filtration to obtain a regenerated solution, which is then reused to prepare the potassium salt saturated viscous solution.

[0034] Secondly, this application provides an intelligent dust suppression system for underground mining of solid potash mines, comprising:

[0035] The PSVS preparation and conditioning subsystem includes a closed reaction vessel, an online viscometer, and an additive injection unit, which is used to prepare and maintain the physicochemical properties of potassium salt saturated viscous solutions.

[0036] The three-level dust suppression execution subsystem includes a pre-wetting nozzle array arranged in front of the mining face, a wrap-around spray nozzle installed on the cutting arm of the mining machine, and a washing and dust removal device installed in the return airway.

[0037] The PSVS preparation and regulation subsystem is fluidly connected to the three-stage dust suppression execution subsystem via a supply pipeline, and is used to provide the potassium salt saturated viscous solution to the three-stage dust suppression execution subsystem.

[0038] The sensing and control subsystem includes a distributed dust concentration sensor, an image recognition module, a flow sensor, and an intelligent decision-making center that communicates with the sensors and each execution unit, for controlling the three-level dust suppression execution subsystem to work collaboratively based on the sensing data.

[0039] A resource recycling subsystem includes a sedimentation separation device, a hydrocyclone separator and a precision filter connected in series with the sedimentation separation device, and a purification and regeneration device.

[0040] The resource recycling subsystem is fluidly connected to the three-stage dust suppression execution subsystem via a recycling pipeline, and is used to recover dust-laden liquid and regenerate it into the potassium salt saturated viscous solution for reuse.

[0041] Optionally, the intelligent decision-making center is configured to execute a collaborative control algorithm based on dust distribution prediction, the algorithm comprising:

[0042] Step 1: Data Acquisition and Fusion Acquisition includes the location coordinates of the excavator. Real-time power of the cutting motor Each monitoring point dust concentration and wind speed in alleys Time series data;

[0043] Step Two: Dynamic Prediction of Dust Distribution Based on the data from Step One, the future dust distribution is calculated using a pre-trained prediction model. Dust concentration distribution field at the mining face and downwind side within a given time period The prediction model is constructed based on a machine learning model or a physics-based numerical model. Its inputs include at least the location of the mining machine, cutting power, and wind speed, and its output is a spatially gridded predicted dust concentration.

[0044] Step 3: Multi-system collaborative control decision-making based on the predicted distribution field obtained in Step 2 A set of coordinated control instructions for the three-level dust suppression execution subsystem is generated, and the instruction set is generated through the following sub-steps:

[0045] Pre-wetting command generation: Based on the forward direction and speed of the excavator, determine the area to be wetted. And calculate its prewetting solution flow rate. ; wherein, the With the predicted distribution field In the region The average concentration within the region is positively correlated with the regional average concentration. The area is positively correlated;

[0046] Package spray command generation: based on cutting motor power and the predicted concentration at the cutting head location Calculate spray flow rate ,in These are the weighting coefficients. Basic traffic;

[0047] Airflow purification command generation: based on the predicted concentration in the return airway. Calculate the fan speed of the washing and dust collector. ,in For adjustment coefficients, The reference speed;

[0048] Step 4: Command Execution and Adaptive Optimization. The control command set generated in Step 3 is sent to each actuator; and the actual dust concentration at each point is continuously monitored. ,Will Compared with the predicted value The parameters of the prediction model in step two are then compared and their deviations are used to perform online correction.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0050] By innovatively employing a potassium salt saturated viscous solution as the dust suppression medium, a three-stage synergistic dust suppression system—pre-wetting, encapsulation spraying, and airflow purification—is constructed and forms a closed loop with the medium recycling system. This achieves highly efficient dust suppression throughout the entire process from dust generation to spatial diffusion, significantly improving the dust suppression rate. The saturated solution's properties allow it to efficiently capture dust without dissolving the potassium salt mine wall, fundamentally eliminating safety hazards such as ore body softening and roadway instability caused by traditional water-based dust suppression, and completely solving the pollution problem of saline wastewater discharge. The system achieves precise dust suppression through intelligent sensing and predictive control, further optimizing energy and material consumption. The entire process recycles and reuses all dust and dissolved potassium salt, achieving zero discharge of dust suppression water and underground recycling of potassium resources. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the intelligent dust suppression system of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 2 This is a process flow diagram of the PSVS preparation and circulation system of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the collaborative control algorithm based on dust distribution prediction in this invention.

[0054] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the intelligent algorithm's operation. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] Furthermore, elements in this invention are referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, which may be directly on the other element or may also include an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or may also include an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementations.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] Please see Figures 1-4 This application provides a dust suppression method for underground mining of solid potash mines, comprising the following steps:

[0059] A potassium salt saturated viscous solution is provided as a dust-suppressing medium;

[0060] The potassium salt saturated viscous solution is used to pre-wet the mining face, apply a wrapping spray to the cutting point, and purify the return airflow in sequence to synergistically suppress and capture dust.

[0061] The dust-laden liquid collected through the three-stage synergistic dust suppression process is recycled and purified to regenerate the potassium salt saturated viscous solution, thus establishing a circulation system.

[0062] Specifically, the potassium salt saturated viscous solution is prepared by mixing a potassium chloride saturated solution with a thickener at a mass ratio of 1:0.1-0.3, with its viscosity controlled within the range of 5-15 Pa·s to enhance dust adsorption capacity. In the pre-wetting step, a high-pressure spraying device is used to spray the entire mining face at a pressure of 0.5-1.0 MPa. The enveloping spraying step uses rotating multi-hole nozzles to form a mist curtain, enveloping the cutting point area, with a spray particle size of 50-100 μm, effectively suppressing dust diffusion. The airflow purification step utilizes a wet scrubbing tower to purify the return airflow, with the wind speed controlled at 0.5-1.0 m / s, achieving a high removal rate. The recovered dust-laden liquid undergoes preliminary separation in a sedimentation tank, multi-stage filtration, and ion exchange treatment to remove solid impurities and ionic pollutants, regenerating into a potassium salt saturated viscous solution that meets the initial specifications, achieving a closed-loop cycle and reducing resource consumption and environmental impact.

[0063] In one specific embodiment, the step of preparing the potassium salt saturated viscous solution includes:

[0064] In a closed underground reaction vessel, the collected potassium salt dust and / or crushed ore are mixed with underground recycled water to form a saturated or supersaturated aqueous solution of potassium salt.

[0065] During the mixing process, the mass ratio of potassium salt dust to downhole recycled water is controlled at 1:5 to 1:10. A mechanical stirrer is used to continuously stir at a speed of 100-200 rpm for 30-60 minutes to ensure that the solution is uniform and fully dissolved. Simultaneously, the solution concentration and viscosity are monitored to ensure it reaches saturation or supersaturation, and the viscosity is precisely controlled within the range of 5-15 Pa·s to meet the subsequent dust adsorption requirements. Furthermore, the mixing process is carried out in a closed environment to avoid impurity contamination; if necessary, the temperature can be adjusted to 40-60°C to optimize dissolution efficiency.

[0066] In one specific embodiment, the method further includes a step of real-time monitoring and adjustment of the physicochemical properties of the potassium salt saturated viscous solution.

[0067] The monitoring and adjustment steps include:

[0068] The viscosity of the potassium salt saturated viscous solution is monitored using an online viscometer, and an environmentally friendly thickener is injected via a metering pump based on the monitoring results to maintain the viscosity within a preset range; and / or,

[0069] A polymeric anti-evaporation agent is compounded in the potassium salt saturated viscous solution.

[0070] Furthermore, the concentration of the saturated viscous potassium salt solution is monitored in real time using an online concentration meter. When the concentration deviates from the saturation or supersaturation range, the feeding system is automatically activated to add potassium salt dust or crushed ore to maintain the optimal adsorption performance of the solution. Simultaneously, during the compounding process of the polymeric anti-evaporation agent, a static mixer is used to ensure uniform dispersion, with the addition ratio controlled within the range of 0.1-0.5%wt, to reduce evaporation loss under the high-temperature environment downhole and improve solution stability. The monitoring system also integrates a temperature sensor, providing real-time data feedback to the temperature control unit to precisely maintain the solution temperature at 40-60°C, preventing crystallization or viscosity fluctuations. Based on the viscosity monitoring results, the injection rate of the metering pump is dynamically adjusted according to a preset algorithm. The thickener is selected from environmentally friendly polyacrylamide materials, with an addition amount of 0.05-0.2%wt, ensuring the viscosity remains stable within 5-15 Pa·s, thereby optimizing the dust adsorption effect.

[0071] In one specific embodiment, the prewetting step includes:

[0072] Before the mining equipment is operated, the potassium salt saturated viscous solution is sprayed onto the ore wall to be mined through a pre-wetting nozzle arranged on the cutting head in the forward direction of the mining equipment to form a pre-wetting film.

[0073] The pre-wetting film is allowed to evaporate moisture under the action of underground airflow, which promotes the precipitation of solute and forms a crystal bridging structure between dust particles and the surface of the ore body.

[0074] The spray volume of the pre-wetting nozzle According to the formula Dynamic adjustment, among which The correlation coefficient for the surface roughness of the ore wall. To reduce the working pressure of the cutting head, An environmental compensation constant is used; data is fed back to the control system in real time via a flow sensor to ensure uniform coverage of the sprayed solution and that the film thickness is maintained within the range of 0.5-1.0 mm. The underground airflow velocity is controlled at 0.8-1.5 m / s to promote the stability of the water evaporation and solute precipitation processes, while preventing film rupture or premature crystallization. Furthermore, combined with data from the temperature monitoring unit, the solution temperature is maintained within the range of 40-60°C to optimize the formation rate and strength of the crystal bridging structure, thereby effectively suppressing dust release and improving the adhesion properties of the ore body surface.

[0075] In one specific embodiment, the encapsulation spraying step includes:

[0076] At the cutting point of the mining equipment, the potassium salt saturated viscous solution is atomized and sprayed through a gas-liquid two-phase flow nozzle to form a wrapping fog curtain around the cutting mechanism;

[0077] Based on the real-time power of the cutting motor of the mining equipment, according to the following formula:

[0078]

[0079] The spray flow rate Q of the fog screen is adjusted, where P is the real-time power, K is the proportional coefficient, and C is the basic flow constant.

[0080] The system collects spray flow data in real time through flow sensors installed on the gas-liquid two-phase flow nozzles and transmits this data to the central control system for comparison and analysis. Based on a preset flow threshold range, such as 0.8-1.2 L / min, the system automatically fine-tunes the proportional coefficient K and the basic flow constant C to adapt to fluctuations in the cutting motor power P. Simultaneously, it dynamically optimizes the spray angle and coverage density of the fog screen based on the movement trajectory of the cutting mechanism, ensuring a continuous and uniform enveloping barrier around the cutting point. This adjustment process effectively intercepts dust particles, preventing their diffusion into the work area, and maintains spray efficiency through a real-time feedback mechanism, improving the overall reliability of dust suppression. The system also integrates an environmental monitoring unit, which, based on airflow velocity and temperature data, assists in adjusting spray parameters to prevent the fog screen from failing due to external interference.

[0081] In one specific embodiment, the airflow purification step includes:

[0082] A scrubbing dust collector is installed in the return airflow of the tunnel so that the dust-laden airflow comes into contact with the liquid film of the potassium salt saturated viscous solution for purification;

[0083] Based on the real-time dust concentration in the return airflow According to the relation:

[0084]

[0085] The fan speed N of the washing and dust removal device is adjusted, wherein... M is the target concentration, M is the adjustment coefficient, and N0 is the minimum safe operating speed of the fan.

[0086] The system uses a built-in PID controller to collect real-time data from dust concentration sensors, calculates the set value of the fan speed N, and drives the frequency converter to adjust the motor frequency, ensuring that the speed response lag time is less than 2 seconds; when Persistently below When the preset stabilization time is reached (≥3 minutes), the system automatically and dynamically reduces the M value by 10% to optimize energy consumption. Simultaneously, when a fan speed fluctuation exceeding ±5% is detected, a self-calibration procedure is triggered to reinitialize the system. Value, to prevent mechanical wear.

[0087] In one specific embodiment, the step of establishing the cyclic system includes:

[0088] The dust-laden liquid is collected into a sedimentation and separation device via a collection pipeline;

[0089] Solid particles in the dust-laden liquid are graded and recovered using a hydrocyclone separator and a precision filter connected in series with the sedimentation separation device.

[0090] The supernatant after precipitation and separation is transported to a purification and regeneration device, where insoluble impurities are removed by centrifugation and / or membrane filtration to obtain a regenerated solution, which is then reused to prepare the potassium salt saturated viscous solution.

[0091] Secondly, this application provides an intelligent dust suppression system for underground mining of solid potash mines, comprising:

[0092] The PSVS preparation and conditioning subsystem includes a closed reaction vessel, an online viscometer, and an additive injection unit, which is used to prepare and maintain the physicochemical properties of potassium salt saturated viscous solutions.

[0093] The three-level dust suppression execution subsystem includes a pre-wetting nozzle array arranged in front of the mining face, a wrap-around spray nozzle installed on the cutting arm of the mining machine, and a washing and dust removal device installed in the return airway.

[0094] The PSVS preparation and regulation subsystem is fluidly connected to the three-stage dust suppression execution subsystem via a supply pipeline, and is used to provide the potassium salt saturated viscous solution to the three-stage dust suppression execution subsystem.

[0095] The sensing and control subsystem includes a distributed dust concentration sensor, an image recognition module, a flow sensor, and an intelligent decision-making center that communicates with the sensors and each execution unit, for controlling the three-level dust suppression execution subsystem to work collaboratively based on the sensing data.

[0096] A resource recycling subsystem includes a sedimentation separation device, a hydrocyclone separator and a precision filter connected in series with the sedimentation separation device, and a purification and regeneration device.

[0097] The resource recycling subsystem is fluidly connected to the three-stage dust suppression execution subsystem via a recycling pipeline, and is used to recover dust-laden liquid and regenerate it into the potassium salt saturated viscous solution for reuse.

[0098] In one specific implementation, the intelligent decision-making center is configured to execute a collaborative control algorithm based on dust distribution prediction, the algorithm comprising:

[0099] Step 1: Data Acquisition and Fusion Acquisition includes the location coordinates of the excavator. Real-time power of the cutting motor Each monitoring point dust concentration and wind speed in alleys Time series data;

[0100] Step Two: Dynamic Prediction of Dust Distribution Based on the data from Step One, the future dust distribution is calculated using a pre-trained prediction model. Dust concentration distribution field at the mining face and downwind side within a given time period The prediction model is constructed based on a machine learning model or a physics-based numerical model. Its inputs include at least the location of the mining machine, cutting power, and wind speed, and its output is a spatially gridded predicted dust concentration.

[0101] Step 3: Multi-system collaborative control decision-making based on the predicted distribution field obtained in Step 2 A set of coordinated control instructions for the three-level dust suppression execution subsystem is generated, and the instruction set is generated through the following sub-steps:

[0102] Pre-wetting command generation: Based on the forward direction and speed of the excavator, determine the area to be wetted. And calculate its prewetting solution flow rate. ; wherein, the With the predicted distribution field In the region The average concentration within the region is positively correlated with the regional average concentration. The area is positively correlated;

[0103] Package spray command generation: based on cutting motor power and the predicted concentration at the cutting head location Calculate spray flow rate ,in These are the weighting coefficients. Basic traffic;

[0104] Step 4: Command Execution and Adaptive Optimization. The control command set generated in Step 3 is sent to each actuator; and the actual dust concentration at each point is continuously monitored. ,Will Compared with the predicted value The parameters of the prediction model in step two are then compared and their deviations are used to perform online correction.

[0105] Example 2

[0106] Based on Embodiment 1 above, this embodiment further elaborates on the technical solution of this application with specific examples:

[0107] Application of dust suppression in longwall mining faces of underground potash mines:

[0108] 1. System Construction:

[0109] Reference Figure 1 The intelligent dust suppression system is constructed on this working surface.

[0110] PSVS preparation and conditioning subsystem: A 5m³ sealed reaction vessel is installed near the tunnel entrance, equipped with a stirrer, a heating and temperature control device to maintain 20-25℃ to facilitate dissolution, an online viscometer, and a metering pump connected to the central controller for adding thickener.

[0111] Level 3 dust suppression execution subsystem:

[0112] Pre-wetting unit: A pre-wetting nozzle is arranged every 5 meters on the cutting head in the direction of the coal mining machine's travel.

[0113] Encapsulation spray unit: Eight gas-liquid two-phase flow nozzles are installed around the cutting drum of the coal mining machine.

[0114] Airflow purification unit: Install a PSVS solution scrubbing dust collector in the return airway of the working face.

[0115] Sensing and Control Subsystem: Laser dust concentration sensors are installed at the mining face, transfer points, return airway, etc.; position and power sensors are installed on the coal mining machine; all sensors are connected to the PLC intelligent decision-making center in the underground central control room.

[0116] Resource recycling subsystem: A sedimentation tank is set below the working face, followed by a hydrocyclone separator, a precision filter and an ultrafiltration membrane purification and regeneration device.

[0117] 2. Process Operation:

[0118] PSVS Preparation: Collected potassium salt dust and downhole water were injected into a reaction vessel in a specific ratio to prepare a saturated potassium chloride solution with a density of 1.2 g / cm³. Viscosity was monitored using an online viscometer; when the viscosity fell below 50 mPa·s, a trace amount of guar gum thickener was automatically injected.

[0119] Pre-wetting: When the coal mining machine is moving, the pre-wetting nozzles within a 10-meter range in front of it will automatically open and spray PSVS at a flow rate of 0.5L / m² to form a pre-wetting film.

[0120] Coating Spray: The coating spray system is activated during coal cutting. The central controller calculates the coating spray based on the cutting motor power P (unit: kW) using the formula... (L / min) Adjust the total spray flow rate in real time.

[0121] Airflow purification: The fan of the dust collector in the return airway is adjusted according to the concentration sensor. According to the formula Adjust the rotation speed (RPM) to ensure that the return air concentration is below 5 mg / m³.

[0122] Recycling: All used PSVS liquid flows to the settling tank, where coarse particles settle and are recovered. The supernatant undergoes hydrocyclone separation and precision filtration to recover fine particles, and is then purified by ultrafiltration before being pumped back to the PSVS preparation tank for reuse.

[0123] 3. Intelligent algorithm operation reference Figure 4 :

[0124] Intelligent decision-making center executes predictive control algorithm:

[0125] Data acquisition: Real-time acquisition of coal mining machine location, power, dust concentration at various points, and wind speed.

[0126] Dynamic prediction: Based on an LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) network model trained on historical data, predict the dust concentration distribution cloud map of the working face in the next 30 seconds.

[0127] Collaborative decision-making: Based on the prediction results, activate the pre-wetting nozzle 0.5 seconds in advance; adjust the predicted concentration... Introducing the package spray formula, it becomes This enables more precise source control; it also allows for the calculation of expected concentrations in the return airway and the pre-adjustment of fan speed.

[0128] Adaptive optimization: By comparing the actual dust concentration with the predicted value, the parameters of the LSTM model are continuously fine-tuned to make the prediction more and more accurate.

[0129] 4. Effects:

[0130] After implementing this invention, the average total dust concentration at the working face was reduced to below 5 mg / m³, and the respirable dust concentration was reduced to below 2 mg / m³, fully meeting national health standards. No visible dissolution or damage was observed on the mine wall, achieving the recycling and reuse of potassium salt dust.

[0131] Experimental Example

[0132] To verify the effectiveness of the method and system described in this invention, an industrial test was conducted at the test working face of a potash mine.

[0133] I. Experimental Conditions and Setup

[0134] Test site: A simulated production tunnel with a length of 200 meters and a cross-sectional area of ​​12 square meters, equipped with a transfer machine, a crusher and a ventilation system.

[0135] Experimental equipment: The intelligent dust suppression system constructed according to the present invention includes a PSVS preparation tank, a pre-wetting nozzle, a wrapping spray system installed on a simulated coal mining machine, and a washing dust collector in the return airway.

[0136] Comparison settings:

[0137] Experimental group: The "potassium salt saturated viscous solution PSVS" and the three-stage linkage dust suppression system described in this invention were used.

[0138] Control group: The traditional "water spray" dust suppression method was used.

[0139] Measuring instruments: A laser dust concentration meter was used, with measuring points set at the transfer points 5m and 10m downwind of the mining point and the return airway, to continuously monitor and record the total dust concentration and respirable dust concentration.

[0140] II. Experimental Methods and Procedures

[0141] Under the same simulated mining intensity, the dust suppression systems of the control group and the experimental group were run for 8 hours each, with dust concentration data at each measuring point recorded every 30 minutes. The specific operating parameters of the experimental group are as follows:

[0142] PSVS density: 1.20 g / cm³ potassium chloride saturated solution.

[0143] Prewetting flow rate: 0.5 L / m².

[0144] Package spray formula: .

[0145] Target concentration for the fan: 5 mg / m³.

[0146] III. Experimental Results and Data Analysis

[0147] The table below shows the statistical results of the average dust concentration at each measuring point during the experiment:

[0148]

[0149] IV. Key Effects and Observational Conclusions

[0150] Excellent dust reduction efficiency: Experimental data fully demonstrate that the dust reduction efficiency of the method of the present invention is significantly higher than that of traditional water dust reduction at all key locations. Especially in the return airway, the total dust concentration is stably controlled below 5mg / m³, and the dust reduction efficiency reaches 88.4%.

[0151] The mine wall protection effect is significant: After the experiment, observations revealed that in the roadway sections using traditional water dust suppression, the mine wall surface showed obvious dissolution and softening; while in the roadway sections using the PSVS dust suppression method of this invention, the mine wall remained hard and intact, with no visible signs of dissolution. This proves that the PSVS solution can effectively protect the stability of the ore body.

[0152] Resource recovery and water conservation: During the experiment, the recycling system of this invention recovered approximately 85 kg of potassium-enriched solid dust and achieved 100% recycling of the dust suppression water, with no wastewater discharge. In contrast, traditional methods consume a large amount of clean water and generate saline wastewater that requires treatment.

[0153] Effectiveness of the intelligent algorithm: System logs show that the intelligent decision-making center successfully predicted more than 90% of high-concentration dust events and issued control commands 200-500 milliseconds in advance, achieving precise pre-positioning of dust suppression resources and avoiding the lag of "processing dust after it rises".

[0154] V. Conclusion

[0155] This industrial experiment, through detailed data and intuitive effect comparison, fully verifies that the dust reduction method and system provided by this invention have significant advantages over traditional methods in terms of dust reduction efficiency, mine wall protection, resource recovery, intelligent control and environmental protection, and have fully achieved the intended purpose of the invention.

[0156] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0157] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A dust suppression method for underground mining of solid potash mines, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A potassium salt saturated viscous solution is provided as a dust-suppressing medium; The potassium salt saturated viscous solution is used to pre-wet the mining face, apply a wrapping spray to the cutting point, and purify the return airflow in sequence to synergistically suppress and capture dust. The dust-laden liquid collected through the three-stage synergistic dust suppression process is recycled and purified to regenerate the potassium salt saturated viscous solution, thus establishing a circulation system.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for preparing the potassium salt saturated viscous solution include: In a closed underground reaction vessel, the collected potassium salt dust and / or crushed ore are mixed with underground recycled water to form a saturated or supersaturated aqueous solution of potassium salt.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: The steps include real-time monitoring and adjustment of the physicochemical properties of the potassium salt saturated viscous solution. The monitoring and adjustment steps include: The viscosity of the potassium salt saturated viscous solution is monitored using an online viscometer, and an environmentally friendly thickener is injected via a metering pump based on the monitoring results to maintain the viscosity within a preset range; and / or, A polymeric anti-evaporation agent is compounded in the potassium salt saturated viscous solution.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prewetting step includes: Before the mining equipment is operated, the potassium salt saturated viscous solution is sprayed onto the ore wall to be mined through a pre-wetting nozzle arranged on the cutting head in the forward direction of the mining equipment to form a pre-wetting film. The pre-wetting film is allowed to evaporate moisture under the action of underground airflow, which promotes the precipitation of solute and forms a crystal bridging structure between dust particles and the surface of the ore body.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The encapsulation spraying step includes: At the cutting point of the mining equipment, the potassium salt saturated viscous solution is atomized and sprayed through a gas-liquid two-phase flow nozzle to form a wrapping fog curtain around the cutting mechanism; Based on the real-time power of the cutting motor of the mining equipment, according to the following formula: ； The spray flow rate Q of the fog screen is adjusted, where P is the real-time power, K is the proportional coefficient, and C is the basic flow constant.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The airflow purification steps include: A scrubbing dust collector is installed in the return airflow of the tunnel so that the dust-laden airflow comes into contact with the liquid film of the potassium salt saturated viscous solution for purification; Based on the real-time dust concentration in the return airflow According to the relation: ； The fan speed N of the washing and dust removal device is adjusted, where Dt is the target concentration, M is the adjustment coefficient, and N0 is the minimum safe operating speed of the fan.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for establishing the cyclic system include: The dust-laden liquid is collected into a sedimentation and separation device via a collection pipeline; Solid particles in the dust-laden liquid are graded and recovered using a hydrocyclone separator and a precision filter connected in series with the sedimentation separation device. The supernatant after precipitation and separation is transported to a purification and regeneration device, where insoluble impurities are removed by centrifugation and / or membrane filtration to obtain a regenerated solution, which is then reused to prepare the potassium salt saturated viscous solution.

8. An intelligent dust suppression system for underground mining of solid potash mines, characterized in that, include: The PSVS preparation and conditioning subsystem includes a closed reaction vessel, an online viscometer, and an additive injection unit, which is used to prepare and maintain the physicochemical properties of potassium salt saturated viscous solutions. The three-level dust suppression execution subsystem includes a pre-wetting nozzle array arranged in front of the mining face, a wrap-around spray nozzle installed on the cutting arm of the mining machine, and a washing and dust removal device installed in the return airway. The PSVS preparation and regulation subsystem is fluidly connected to the three-stage dust suppression execution subsystem via a supply pipeline, and is used to provide the potassium salt saturated viscous solution to the three-stage dust suppression execution subsystem. The sensing and control subsystem includes a distributed dust concentration sensor, an image recognition module, a flow sensor, and an intelligent decision-making center that communicates with the sensors and each execution unit, for controlling the three-level dust suppression execution subsystem to work collaboratively based on the sensing data. A resource recycling subsystem includes a sedimentation separation device, a hydrocyclone separator and a precision filter connected in series with the sedimentation separation device, and a purification and regeneration device. The resource recycling subsystem is fluidly connected to the three-stage dust suppression execution subsystem via a recycling pipeline, and is used to recover dust-laden liquid and regenerate it into the potassium salt saturated viscous solution for reuse.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The intelligent decision-making center is configured to execute a collaborative control algorithm based on dust distribution prediction, the algorithm including: Step 1: Data Acquisition and Fusion Acquisition includes the location coordinates of the excavator. Cutting the real-time power of the motor Each monitoring point dust concentration and wind speed in alleys Time series data; Step Two: Dynamic Prediction of Dust Distribution Based on the data from Step One, the future dust distribution is calculated using a pre-trained prediction model. Dust concentration distribution field at the mining face and downwind side within a given time period The prediction model is constructed based on a machine learning model or a physics-based numerical model. Its inputs include at least the location of the mining machine, cutting power, and wind speed, and its output is a spatially gridded predicted dust concentration. Step 3: Multi-system collaborative control decision-making based on the predicted distribution field obtained in Step 2 A set of coordinated control instructions for the three-level dust suppression execution subsystem is generated, and the instruction set is generated through the following sub-steps: Pre-wetting command generation: Based on the forward direction and speed of the excavator, determine the area to be wetted. And calculate its prewetting solution flow rate. ; wherein, the With the predicted distribution field In the region The average concentration within the region is positively correlated with the regional average concentration. The area is positively correlated; Package spray command generation: based on cutting motor power and the predicted concentration at the cutting head location Calculate spray flow rate ,in These are the weighting coefficients. Basic traffic; Airflow purification command generation: based on the predicted concentration in the return airway. Calculate the fan speed of the washing and dust collector. ,in For adjustment coefficients, The reference speed; Step 4: Command Execution and Adaptive Optimization. The control command set generated in Step 3 is sent to each actuator; and the actual dust concentration at each point is continuously monitored. ,Will Compared with the predicted value The parameters of the prediction model in step two are then compared and their deviations are used to perform online correction.

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