Shock absorber with adjustable preload

Abstract

The preload adjustable shock absorber comprises a mounting support, a compression spring, a stud and a locking nut assembly, a connecting piece and a movable sleeve rod are arranged on the two sides of the mounting support respectively, the stud is arranged in the movable sleeve rod in a penetrating mode, and the mounting support, the connecting piece and the stud are coaxially arranged; the connecting piece and the movable sleeve rod are connected into a whole on the two sides of the installation support through studs. The locking nut assembly comprises a nut body, the nut body is arranged at the other end of the double-end bolt in a sleeving mode, the compression spring is arranged on the double-end bolt in a sleeving mode and located between the movable sleeve rod and the nut body, the two ends of the double-end bolt abut against the movable sleeve rod and the nut body respectively, and the pre-compression amount of the compression spring can be adjusted by rotating the nut body. The pre-compression amount of the compression spring can be adjusted by rotating the nut body to meet the requirements of different users; the locking nut axially limits the nut body and cooperates with the friction bottom sheet to enhance the stability, the situation that the pre-compression amount is changed due to nut looseness is prevented, and the damping effect is stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shock absorber technology, and more specifically, to a preload-adjustable shock absorber. Background Technology

[0002] In the design and manufacturing of electric scooters, in order to reduce the impact of road bumps on the vehicle body and riding experience during the user's ride, and to improve riding comfort and safety, electric scooters often use shock absorbers between the rear of the vehicle body and the rear wheel to buffer the impact generated during the ride, making it easier to adapt to riding needs under different road conditions.

[0003] However, traditional electric scooter shock absorbers lack the ability to easily adjust the spring precompression, resulting in poor cushioning performance for users of different weights. Furthermore, the adjustment nut of traditional shock absorbers is fixed only by a single threaded connection, which can easily loosen under the continuous vibration of the electric scooter. This alters the spring precompression, affecting the stability of the shock absorption, reducing riding comfort, increasing the bumpy feeling during riding, and potentially causing riding safety hazards due to shock absorption failure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the aforementioned problems, and in conjunction with the first aspect of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention provides a preload adjustable shock absorber, the device comprising: A preload-adjustable shock absorber includes a mounting bracket, a compression spring, a double-ended bolt, and a locking nut assembly. The mounting bracket has connectors and movable sleeves on both sides. The double-ended bolt passes through the movable sleeve. The mounting bracket, connectors, and double-ended bolt are coaxially arranged, and the connectors and movable sleeve are integrally connected on both sides of the mounting bracket by the double-ended bolt. The locking nut assembly includes a nut body, which is sleeved on the other end of the double-ended bolt. The compression spring is sleeved on the double-ended bolt, located between the movable sleeve and the nut body. Both ends of the double-ended bolt abut against the movable sleeve and the nut body, respectively. The pre-compression of the compression spring can be adjusted by rotating the nut body.

[0005] According to a preferred embodiment, the locking nut assembly further includes a locking nut, and the nut body has a nut groove on the side away from the mounting bracket. The locking nut passes through the nut groove, and the locking nut is assembled synchronously with the nut body and the adjusting bolt during the thread assembly process. The locking nut forms an axial limit on the nut body.

[0006] According to a preferred embodiment, both the nut body and the locking nut are hexagonal, and the nut body has a locking groove through the nut groove; the bottom end of the nut body is fixedly connected to a support plate, and when the nut body is sleeved on the double-ended bolt, the support plate contacts the compression spring.

[0007] According to a preferred embodiment, the bottom end of the locking nut is provided with a friction plate. When the locking nut is sleeved on the double-ended bolt and passes through the nut groove of the nut body, the bottom end of the friction plate contacts the nut groove.

[0008] According to a preferred embodiment, the compression spring is made of spring steel, and the double-ended bolt, the nut body, and the locking nut are all made of stainless steel.

[0009] According to a preferred embodiment, the movable sleeve is tubular, and the inner diameter of the movable sleeve is equal to the outer diameter of the double-ended bolt; a stop plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the movable sleeve, and when the compression spring is sleeved on the movable sleeve, the bottom end of the compression spring contacts the stop plate.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment, the mounting bracket has two sets of positioning mounting holes at both ends, and the mounting bracket is installed between the rear wheel of the electric scooter and the rear of the scooter through the two sets of positioning mounting holes.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, the mounting bracket is an integral metal forming part with an I-shaped structure, made of aluminum alloy, and the surface of the mounting bracket is provided with an anti-rust coating.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment, the outer surface of the compression spring is coated with an insulating layer for rust prevention.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment, the locking nut assembly is located on one side of the mounting bracket, the top end of the double-ended bolt passes through the mounting bracket and is connected to the locking nut assembly; the movable sleeve is located on the other side of the mounting bracket and is sleeved on the double-ended bolt, the bottom end of the connector is connected to the double-ended bolt, and the bottom end of the connector is also provided with a washer, and the compression spring is sleeved between the washer and the movable sleeve.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. A movable sleeve is threaded through a double-ended bolt. A compression spring is fitted onto the double-ended bolt and positioned between the movable sleeve and the nut body. Rotating the nut body adjusts the pre-compression of the spring. The mounting bracket is connected to the movable sleeve via double-ended bolts on both sides. The coaxial arrangement of all components ensures stable force transmission. Users of different weights can adjust the spring pre-compression by rotating the nut body, adapting the spring's cushioning load to their weight, improving the adaptability of the cushioning effect, and ensuring that the cushioning effect meets the needs of different users, avoiding riding experience problems caused by poor cushioning.

[0015] 2. The locking nut assembly includes a nut body and a locking nut. The nut body has a nut groove on the side furthest from the mounting bracket, through which the locking nut passes and is assembled synchronously with the nut body and the double-ended bolt. The locking nut provides axial restraint to the nut body, and, in conjunction with the friction generated by the contact between the friction plate at the bottom of the locking nut and the nut groove, enhances the stability of the connection between the nut body and the double-ended bolt. During operation, under vibration, the locking nut consistently provides axial restraint to the nut body, preventing loosening of the nut body that could alter the pre-compression of the compression spring, ensuring the stability of the damping effect, and avoiding the risk of damping failure due to changes in spring pre-compression.

[0016] 3. The device features two installation modes: pull-out and compression. Switching between these modes is achieved by adjusting the assembly positions of the locking nut assembly, double-ended bolt, movable sleeve, and connectors on both sides of the mounting bracket. In pull-out installation, the locking nut assembly and connectors are positioned on the corresponding sides of the mounting bracket, suitable for installation scenarios with a specific distance between the rear of the vehicle and the rear wheel. In compression installation, the assembly positions of each component are adjusted to accommodate another type of installation scenario with different distances and force transmission directions. Switching between the two installation modes requires no replacement of additional parts; it can be accomplished simply by adjusting the assembly positions of existing components. This adapts to different vehicle body structures and rear wheel installation space requirements of electric scooters, enhancing the device's compatibility with various vehicle models. It facilitates rapid assembly on diverse vehicle types and ensures stable preload-adjustable shock absorption across different models. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the present invention (pull-out type).

[0018] Figure 2 This is a second structural schematic diagram of the present invention (compressed form).

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The first explosive structure diagram.

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the second explosion structure.

[0021] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the nut body and the locking nut of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a bottom view structural diagram of the nut body of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the double-ended bolt of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the upward-view installation structure (pull-out type) of the present invention and the electric skateboard.

[0025] Figure 9 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the installation structure (pull-out type) of the present invention and the electric skateboard.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a top-view schematic diagram of the installation structure (compressed type) of the present invention and the electric skateboard.

[0027] Figure 11 This is a magnified (compressed) schematic diagram of the installation structure of the present invention and the electric skateboard.

[0028] In the diagram, the correspondence between component names and their corresponding reference numerals is as follows: 1. Mounting bracket; 2. Compression spring; 3. Double-ended bolt; 4. Nut body; 101. Connector; 102. Movable sleeve rod; 201. Locking nut; 301. Support base plate; 401. Friction base plate. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings; Example 1: like Figures 1 to 11As shown, the present invention provides a preload adjustable shock absorber, including a mounting bracket 1, a compression spring 2, a double-ended bolt 3, and a locking nut assembly. The mounting bracket 1 has a connector 101 and a movable sleeve 102 on both sides. The double-ended bolt 3 passes through the movable sleeve 102. The mounting bracket 1, connector 101, and double-ended bolt are coaxially arranged, and the connector 101 and movable sleeve 102 are connected as a whole on both sides of the mounting bracket 1 by the double-ended bolt 3. The locking nut assembly includes a nut body 4, which is sleeved on the other end of the double-ended bolt 3. The compression spring 2 is sleeved on the double-ended bolt 3, located between the movable sleeve 102 and the nut body 4. Both ends of the double-ended bolt 3 abut against the movable sleeve 102 and the nut body 4, respectively. The pre-compression amount of the compression spring 2 can be adjusted by rotating the nut body 4. The mounting bracket 1 has connectors 101 and movable sleeves 102 on both sides. Double-ended bolts 3 are inserted into the movable sleeves 102, connecting the connectors 101 and the movable sleeves 102 on both sides of the mounting bracket 1. The mounting bracket 1, connectors 101, and double-ended bolts 3 are coaxially arranged, ensuring that the force transmission path of each component remains consistent during the stress process, avoiding local stress concentration caused by force deviation, extending the service life of each component, and ensuring the stability of force transmission during shock absorption, thus ensuring the uniformity of the buffering effect.

[0030] Compression spring 2 is sleeved on double-ended bolt 3 and positioned between movable sleeve 102 and nut body 4. Both ends of double-ended bolt 3 abut against movable sleeve 102 and nut body 4 respectively, forming a stable assembly structure. When nut body 4 is rotated, it moves along the thread of double-ended bolt 3, changing the distance between it and movable sleeve 102, thereby adjusting the pre-compression of compression spring 2. In different application scenarios, the pre-compression is adjusted according to actual load requirements, ensuring the buffer load force of compression spring 2 matches the actual application needs, improving the device's adaptability to different load scenarios, and expanding its application range.

[0031] The movable sleeve 102 guides the double-ended bolt 3, preventing it from radially shifting during stress and ensuring that the compression spring 2 is always compressed and deformed axially, thus ensuring the accuracy of the buffer direction. The threaded connection between the nut body 4 and the double-ended bolt 3 simplifies the pre-compression adjustment operation, eliminating the need for complex tools, reducing operational difficulty, and improving user convenience.

[0032] The components are connected and coordinated through a mechanical structure, eliminating the need for complex assembly processes, facilitating mass production and assembly, and improving production efficiency. Simultaneously, the stable assembly structure of each component reduces the likelihood of component detachment or loosening during long-term use, decreasing maintenance frequency and costs. Through the synergistic effect of its components, the overall structure ensures adjustable pre-compression while maintaining the structural stability and operational reliability of the device.

[0033] A gasket is provided at the bottom of the connector 101 to increase the contact area between the connector 101 and the contacting component. The connector 101 is connected to the movable sleeve 102 and the mounting bracket 1 by a double-ended bolt 3. When under force, the load is transferred to the contact part. The gasket can distribute the concentrated load at the bottom of the connector 101 to a larger area, avoiding excessive local stress that could cause deformation or wear of the connector 101 or the contacting component, thus extending the service life of the components.

[0034] The double-ended bolt 3 has a bit groove on its end face, which can be used to insert a bit. During assembly, the double-ended bolt 3 can be rotated by the bit to assist in its docking with the locking nut assembly and the connecting piece 101, thereby improving assembly efficiency. During debugging, the position of the double-ended bolt 3 can also be finely adjusted with the bit to ensure the fitting accuracy with components such as the movable sleeve 102 and maintain structural stability.

[0035] like Figures 3 to 6 As shown, the locking nut assembly also includes a locking nut 201. A nut groove is provided on the side of the nut body 4 away from the mounting bracket 1. The locking nut 201 passes through the nut groove and is assembled synchronously with the threaded assembly process of the nut body 4 and the adjusting bolt 3. The locking nut 201 provides axial restraint to the nut body 4. The locking nut 201, inserted into the nut groove of the nut body 4, completes assembly synchronously with the assembly of the nut body 4 and the double-ended bolt 3, eliminating the need for separate assembly of the locking nut 201, simplifying the assembly process, improving assembly efficiency, and facilitating mass production. The nut body 4 is connected to the double-ended bolt 3 via threads. The locking nut 201 provides axial restraint to the nut body 4, limiting its axial movement along the double-ended bolt 3, preventing loosening of the nut body 4 in a vibrating environment, ensuring the stability of the pre-compression of the compression spring 2, and ensuring that the shock absorption effect meets the set requirements.

[0036] The nut groove provides installation space for the locking nut 201, allowing the locking nut 201 and the nut body 4 to form a compact structure, reducing the overall space occupied by the locking nut assembly and adapting to the installation environment around the mounting bracket 1. The axial limiting function keeps the connection between the nut body 4 and the double-ended bolt 3 stable, avoiding component collisions caused by loosening, reducing component wear, extending the service life of the locking nut assembly and the double-ended bolt 3, and reducing maintenance requirements.

[0037] like Figures 4 to 6As shown, both the nut body 4 and the locking nut 201 are hexagonal, and the nut body 4 has a locking groove through the nut groove. A support plate 301 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the nut body 4. When the nut body 4 is fitted onto the double-ended bolt 3, the support plate 301 contacts the compression spring 2. The hexagonal shape of both the nut body 4 and the locking nut 201 makes them compatible with common wrenches, facilitating rotation and improving the ease of assembly and pre-compression adjustment of the nut body 4 and the double-ended bolt 3. It also simplifies the assembly and disassembly process of the locking nut 201. The locking groove through the nut groove allows for the insertion of a positioning component to cooperate with the locking nut 201, forming a double limit and enhancing the axial fixation effect of the nut body 4, further preventing loosening and ensuring the stability of the pre-compression of the compression spring 2.

[0038] A support plate 301 is fixed to the bottom of the nut body 4. After the double-ended bolt 3 is fitted, it contacts the compression spring 2, increasing the contact area between the nut body 4 and the compression spring 2. This disperses the pressure of the nut body 4 to the compression spring 2, preventing uneven deformation of the compression spring 2 due to localized stress concentration. The support plate 301 provides flat support to the end of the compression spring 2, ensuring axial compression deformation, stable transmission of buffer force, and consistent damping performance. The support plate 301, located at one end of the nut, also forms a radial constraint after contacting the end of the spring, limiting radial displacement of the spring and keeping it centered. Centering the spring avoids force bias during compression and rebound, ensuring uniform force distribution across all coils and maintaining consistent spring deformation. Uniform force distribution reduces localized stress concentration in the spring, preventing fatigue damage due to localized overload, while ensuring stable force transmission and improving overall damping stability.

[0039] like Figures 3 to 6 As shown, the bottom end of the locking nut 201 is provided with a friction plate 401. When the locking nut 201 is fitted onto the double-ended bolt 3 and passes through the nut groove of the nut body 4, the bottom end of the friction plate 401 contacts the nut groove. The friction plate 401 at the bottom end of the locking nut 201, after passing through the nut groove of the nut body 4, contacts the groove surface, increasing the friction between the locking nut 201 and the nut body 4. This friction, combined with the axial limiting effect of the locking nut 201, forms a double anti-loosening effect, hindering the rotation of the nut body 4 along the double-ended bolt 3, preventing the pre-compression of the compression spring 2 from changing due to loosening, and ensuring stable vibration damping effect.

[0040] The friction plate 401 fills the tiny gap between the locking nut 201 and the nut groove, making them fit more tightly and improving the overall structural stability of the locking nut assembly. The friction plate 401 disperses the pressure of the locking nut 201 on the nut groove, preventing localized stress concentration that could lead to wear in the nut groove and extending the service life of the nut body 4. Simultaneously, the friction plate 401 isolates the locking nut 201 from direct contact with the nut body 4, reducing metal-to-metal wear and lowering maintenance requirements.

[0041] The compression spring 2 is made of spring steel, while the double-ended bolt 3, nut body 4, and locking nut 201 are all made of stainless steel. The use of spring steel in the compression spring 2 ensures elastic deformation capacity, meets the requirements of repeated compression, extends fatigue life, and ensures stable long-term cushioning performance. The use of stainless steel in the double-ended bolt 3, nut body 4, and locking nut 201 enhances corrosion resistance, adapts to humid or dusty environments, and reduces assembly jamming caused by corrosion. The stainless steel material ensures the strength of the threaded structure, prevents thread deformation under stress, maintains connection stability, reduces component damage, lowers maintenance frequency, and ensures long-term reliable operation of the entire device.

[0042] like Figures 3 to 4 As shown, the movable sleeve 102 is tubular, and its inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the double-ended bolt 3. A stop plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the movable sleeve 102. When the compression spring 2 is sleeved on the movable sleeve 102, the bottom end of the compression spring 2 contacts the stop plate. The movable sleeve 102 is tubular, and its inner diameter is consistent with the outer diameter of the double-ended bolt 3, so that the double-ended bolt 3 can be inserted to form a fit and provide radial guidance for the double-ended bolt 3. When the shock absorber is working, the movable sleeve 102 restricts the radial displacement of the double-ended bolt 3, ensuring that the double-ended bolt 3 is subjected to axial force, avoiding local stress concentration caused by displacement, ensuring the stability of the force transmission path, and extending the service life of the double-ended bolt 3 and the movable sleeve 102.

[0043] A stop plate is fixed to the bottom end of the movable sleeve 102. After the compression spring 2 is sleeved on, it contacts the stop plate. The stop plate provides a flat support surface for the compression spring 2, ensuring that the compression spring 2 is compressed and deformed axially, avoiding uneven force at the end that could cause spring deformation deviation, and ensuring uniform transmission of buffering force. The stop plate increases the contact area between the movable sleeve 102 and the compression spring 2, dispersing the pressure of the compression spring 2 on the movable sleeve 102, preventing deformation at the bottom end of the movable sleeve 102 due to concentrated force, and improving the overall structural stability.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, mounting bracket 1 has two sets of positioning mounting holes at both ends. Mounting bracket 1 is installed between the rear wheel and the rear of the electric scooter via these two sets of positioning mounting holes. The two sets of positioning mounting holes provide a clear reference for installation, facilitating quick alignment of mounting bracket 1 with the rear wheel and rear of the electric scooter, shortening installation time and improving assembly efficiency. The two sets of positioning mounting holes ensure a symmetrical distribution of stress points on mounting bracket 1, evenly transferring the load generated during device operation to the scooter body, preventing deformation of the installation area due to excessive load on a single stress point. The symmetrically distributed mounting holes enhance the stability of mounting bracket 1, preventing shaking or displacement of the shock absorber during operation, ensuring stable shock absorption performance, and reducing component damage caused by loose installation.

[0045] Mounting bracket 1 is a one-piece metal molded component with an I-beam structure, made of aluminum alloy, and its surface is coated with an anti-rust coating. The one-piece metal molding of mounting bracket 1 reduces joint gaps, improves overall structural strength, and ensures that it will not break or deform under load. The I-beam structure evenly distributes stress, enhances bending resistance, and adapts to the load transfer requirements during vibration damping operations. The aluminum alloy material reduces the weight of mounting bracket 1, lowering the overall load on the device. The anti-rust coating isolates the mounting bracket 1 from air and moisture, preventing corrosion, extending its service life, reducing maintenance needs, and ensuring long-term installation stability.

[0046] A rust-preventive insulating layer is applied to the outer surface of the compression spring 2. This insulating layer isolates the spring surface from air and moisture, preventing corrosion. Rust reduces the spring's cross-section and elasticity; the insulating layer maintains the spring's elastic deformation capacity, ensuring stable cushioning. The insulating layer also reduces dust and impurities, preventing them from entering the spring gaps and affecting compression rebound, thus extending the spring's lifespan and reducing the frequency of maintenance or replacement due to spring damage.

[0047] The movable sleeve 102 is a variable elastomer of polyurethane. It controls the spring, ensuring that the spring remains centered and does not shift after installation. Calculated and proportioned, the variable elasticity is used as an auxiliary spring. Simultaneously, calculations show that different lengths, hardnesses, and material formulations are used to synchronize with the outer spring to achieve the required pressure value for vehicle matching. This also compensates for the discomfort in the vehicle's ride caused by the excessively rapid compression and rebound of ordinary coil springs. The movable sleeve 102 restricts the radial displacement of the spring, keeping it centered and preventing uneven force distribution caused by spring shift. This ensures a smooth spring compression and rebound process, maintains a stable force transmission path, prevents component collisions or wear caused by shift, and extends the service life of the spring and surrounding components.

[0048] The movable spring 102, acting as an auxiliary spring, works in conjunction with the outer spring to achieve the required pressure value for the vehicle by adjusting its length, stiffness, and material formula, thus achieving precise pressure matching. The movable spring 102 participates in the damping process, slowing down the compression and rebound speed of the outer spring, preventing excessively rapid compression or rebound, improving the driving experience, and resolving discomfort issues. The movable spring 102 is a custom-developed elastic element whose performance parameters can be precisely adjusted according to vehicle needs, adapting to the damping requirements of different vehicle models, enhancing the device's adaptability to vehicles, and achieving pressure matching by adjusting the movable spring 102 without replacing the outer spring, reducing adaptation costs.

[0049] Furthermore, such as Figure 8As shown, after installation, it can be put into use without additional debugging. When used by users of different weights or adapted to different road conditions, the pre-compression of the compression spring 2 is adjusted by turning the nut body 4 in the locking nut assembly with a wrench. After turning, the locking nut 201 automatically forms an axial limit. During riding, the device completes the cushioning action with the bumps of the road surface without manual intervention.

[0050] During riding, the impact force generated by road bumps is transmitted through the vehicle body to the connector 101, and then through the double-ended bolt 3 to the compression spring 2. The compression spring 2 undergoes elastic deformation to absorb the impact force, and the movable sleeve 102 guides the double-ended bolt 3 to ensure that the spring deforms axially. The support base plate 301 and the washer respectively limit the offset of the two ends of the spring to ensure uniform force distribution. The locking nut 201, in conjunction with the friction base plate 401, prevents the nut from loosening, maintains a stable pre-compression, and achieves a continuous and stable shock absorption effect to adapt to different usage needs.

[0051] Example 2: like Figure 2 and Figure 9 As shown, the locking nut assembly is located on one side of the mounting bracket 1. The top of the double-ended bolt 3 passes through the mounting bracket 1 and is connected to the locking nut assembly. The movable sleeve 102 is located on the other side of the mounting bracket 1 and is fitted onto the double-ended bolt 3. The bottom end of the connector 101 is connected to the double-ended bolt 3, and a washer is also provided at the bottom end of the connector 101. A compression spring 2 is fitted between the washer and the movable sleeve 102. The locking nut assembly is located on one side of the mounting bracket 1, and the top of the double-ended bolt 3 passes through the mounting bracket 1 and is connected to the locking nut assembly. The movable sleeve 102 is located on the other side of the mounting bracket 1 and is fitted onto the double-ended bolt 3, forming a symmetrical assembly structure spanning the mounting bracket 1. This structure ensures that the forces on both sides of the mounting bracket 1 are balanced. When the shock absorber is working, the load is transmitted to the components on both sides of the mounting bracket 1 through the double-ended bolt 3, avoiding structural deformation caused by concentrated forces on one side, ensuring overall assembly stability, and adapting to the force transmission requirements of compression-type stress scenarios.

[0052] The bottom end of connector 101 is connected to double-ended bolt 3. After a washer is placed at the bottom end, it contacts one end of compression spring 2, and the movable sleeve 102 contacts the other end of compression spring 2, thus confining compression spring 2 between the washer and the movable sleeve 102. The washer increases the contact area between connector 101 and compression spring 2, dispersing and transmitting the pressure of connector 101, preventing uneven deformation of the end of compression spring 2 due to localized stress, and reducing wear at the bottom end of connector 101, thereby extending the service life of the component.

[0053] The compression assembly adjusts the distribution of components on both sides of the mounting bracket 1 to adapt to the specific installation space and force transmission direction requirements of electric scooters. No component replacement is required; switching from a pull-out installation mode is achieved simply by adjusting the assembly position, improving the device's adaptability to different vehicle structures and expanding its application range. During assembly, components are positioned in series using double-headed bolts 3, reducing assembly reference errors, facilitating rapid assembly, improving assembly efficiency, and ensuring coaxiality of all components. This ensures that the compression spring 2 compresses axially, maintaining stable cushioning performance.

[0054] Furthermore, such as Figure 9 As shown, it can be put into use directly after installation. When adaptation is required, rotate the nut body 4 to adjust the pre-compression of the compression spring 2, and tighten the locking nut 201 to simultaneously limit the position. When riding, the impact force of bumps causes the compression spring 2 to axially compress and deform to absorb energy. The movable sleeve 102 guides the double-ended bolt 3, and the support plate 301 and the washer limit the spring offset to ensure uniform force distribution; the friction plate 401 prevents the nut from loosening and maintains a stable shock absorption effect.

[0055] The differences from Example 1 are as follows: the direction of force transmission is different; Example 2 transmits the load through axial pressure, while Example 1 transmits it through tensile tension. The working mode of the spring is different; the spring in Example 2 mainly undergoes compression deformation, while the spring in Example 1 mainly undergoes tensile deformation. The assembly and adaptation scenarios are different; Example 2 is adapted to the compression connection scenario between the vehicle body and the wheel assembly, while Example 1 is adapted to the tensile connection scenario.

[0056] It should be noted that in both Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, the number of compression springs 2 and double-ended bolts 3 can be configured from 1 to N, and the specific number can be selected according to actual usage requirements (not shown in the figure). By using connectors 101 with different structures, these components can achieve two core assembly forms: parallel or series use. The parallel use form is not limited by the number of components; that is, regardless of the number of compression springs 2 and double-ended bolts 3 selected, parallel assembly can be completed through the cooperation of the corresponding connectors 101. This flexibility in quantity configuration and connection method allows the device to adapt to different load requirements and installation spaces. The number of components and connection form can be adjusted according to the vehicle's shock absorption performance requirements, improving the device's adaptability and usage flexibility.

[0057] At the same time, such as Figures 8 to 11 As shown, the nut body 4 is threadedly engaged with the double-ended bolt 3, and its rotation allows for dual adjustment. Firstly, rotating the nut body 4 directly changes the distance between it and the movable sleeve 102, thereby precisely adjusting the preload of the compression spring 2 to adapt its elastic damping performance to the shock absorption needs of users of different weights or on different road conditions. Secondly, rotating the nut body 4 also adjusts the assembly position of the central movable sleeve 102, ultimately changing the distance between the upper and lower endpoints of the movable sleeve 102.

[0058] Because the movable lever 102 is assembled with the mounting bracket 1, the electric scooter frame, and the wheelset, changes in the distance between its upper and lower endpoints are directly transmitted to the relative position of the frame and wheelset, thus flexibly changing the chassis height of the electric scooter during actual use. This dual adjustment function allows the device to simultaneously achieve shock absorption performance adaptation and chassis height adjustment without the need for additional adjustment structures, improving the device's integration level, adapting to more complex riding scenarios, and enhancing its flexibility of use.

[0059] like Figures 8 to 11 As shown, regarding the installation positions of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 with the electric scooter: 1. Delineation of the core installation area The shock absorber is mounted on the connection area between the rear of the electric scooter and the rear wheel assembly, specifically in the load-bearing space below the rear side of the footrest and directly above the rear wheel axle. This area is the core node for force transmission between the scooter and the rear wheel, and is close to the rider's center of gravity, allowing the shock absorber to directly absorb the impact load generated by road bumps, maximizing its cushioning and shock absorption performance, while avoiding spatial interference with surrounding components such as mudguards and wheel axle drive structures.

[0060] 2. Correspondence of key component connections

[0061] (1) Connection of mounting bracket 1: Through the two sets of positioning mounting holes at both ends, the bracket is rigidly connected to the reserved mounting base on the rear side of the vehicle body pedal by bolt fasteners. At the same time, the middle area of ​​mounting bracket 1 is aligned with the wheel axle brackets on both sides of the rear wheel to form a stable support foundation for the shock absorber, the vehicle body, and the rear wheel, ensuring a clear load transmission path.

[0062] (2) Connection of connector 101: The top of connector 101 is fixedly connected to the frame extension section at the rear of the vehicle body through a threaded or snap-fit ​​structure, and the bottom is detachably connected to the shock absorber body through a double-headed bolt 3, forming a force transmission bridge between the vehicle body and the shock absorber, ensuring that the impact load can be smoothly transmitted to the shock absorber assembly.

[0063] (3) Connection of movable sleeve rod 102: The abutment at the bottom of the movable sleeve rod 102 fits with the preset contact surface of the rear wheel axle bracket and is positioned by the axial limit of the double-headed bolt 3, so that the elastic deformation force of the compression spring 2 can be directly applied to the rear wheel axle bracket, completing the reverse transmission of the buffer load and realizing the shock absorption closed loop.

[0064] 3. Installation posture and space adaptation requirements

[0065] Regardless of whether it is Embodiment 1 (pull-type) or Embodiment 2 (compression-type), the shock absorber adopts a longitudinally inclined assembly posture, forming an angle of 15°-30° with the vehicle body and pedal plane. This posture can avoid motion interference with components such as the rear wheel axle and brake assembly, and can also decompose the elastic force of the compression spring 2 into longitudinal buffer force and lateral stabilizing force. This not only ensures the shock absorption effect, but also improves the structural rigidity of the connection between the vehicle body and the rear wheel, which is suitable for the lightweight body design requirements of electric scooters.

[0066] It should be noted that, in order to simplify the description of the present invention and thus help to understand one or more embodiments of the invention, multiple features may sometimes be grouped into one embodiment, drawing or description thereof in the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preload-adjustable shock absorber, comprising a mounting bracket (1), a compression spring (2), a double-ended bolt (3), and a locking nut assembly, characterized in that: The mounting bracket (1) is provided with a connector (101) and a movable sleeve (102) on both sides respectively. The double-ended bolt (3) passes through the movable sleeve (102). The mounting bracket (1), the connector (101) and the double-ended bolt are coaxially arranged. The connector (101) and the movable sleeve (102) are connected as a whole on both sides of the mounting bracket (1) by the double-ended bolt (3). The locking nut assembly includes a nut body (4). The nut body (4) is sleeved on the other end of the double-ended bolt (3). The compression spring (2) is sleeved on the double-ended bolt (3) and located between the movable sleeve (102) and the nut body (4). The two ends of the double-ended bolt (3) abut against the movable sleeve (102) and the nut body (4) respectively. The pre-compression amount of the compression spring (2) can be adjusted by rotating the nut body (4).

2. The preload adjustable shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking nut assembly also includes a locking nut (201). The nut body (4) has a nut groove on the side away from the mounting bracket (1). The locking nut (201) passes through the nut groove and is assembled synchronously with the nut body (4) and the adjusting bolt (3) during the thread assembly process. The locking nut (201) forms an axial limit on the nut body (4).

3. The preload adjustable shock absorber according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nut body (4) and the locking nut (201) are both hexagonal, and the nut body (4) has a locking groove through the nut groove; the bottom end of the nut body (4) is fixedly connected to the support plate (301). When the nut body (4) is sleeved on the double-headed bolt (3), the support plate (301) contacts the compression spring (2).

4. A preload-adjustable shock absorber according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom end of the locking nut (201) is provided with a friction plate (401). When the locking nut (201) is sleeved on the double-ended bolt (3) and passes through the nut groove of the nut body (4), the bottom end of the friction plate (401) contacts the nut groove.

5. A preload-adjustable shock absorber according to claim 4, characterized in that: The compression spring (2) is made of spring steel, and the double-ended bolt (3), the nut body (4) and the locking nut (201) are all made of stainless steel.

6. A preload-adjustable shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable sleeve (102) is tubular, and the inner diameter of the movable sleeve (102) is equal to the outer diameter of the double-headed bolt (3); a stop plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the movable sleeve (102), and when the compression spring (2) is sleeved on the movable sleeve (102), the bottom end of the compression spring (2) contacts the stop plate.

7. A preload-adjustable shock absorber according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mounting bracket (1) has two sets of positioning mounting holes at both ends. The mounting bracket (1) is installed between the rear wheel of the electric scooter and the rear of the vehicle body through the two sets of positioning mounting holes.

8. A preload-adjustable shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting bracket (1) is an integral metal forming part with an I-shaped structure. It is made of aluminum alloy and has an anti-rust coating on its surface.

9. A preload-adjustable shock absorber according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer surface of the compression spring (2) is coated with an isolation layer for rust prevention.

10. A preload-adjustable shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking nut assembly is located on one side of the mounting bracket (1), the top end of the double-ended bolt (3) passes through the mounting bracket (1) and is connected to the locking nut assembly; the movable sleeve (102) is located on the other side of the mounting bracket (1) and is sleeved on the double-ended bolt (3), the bottom end of the connector (101) is connected to the double-ended bolt (3), and the bottom end of the connector (101) is also provided with a washer, and the compression spring (2) is sleeved between the washer and the movable sleeve (102).

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