BIM (Building Information Modeling) design method for inclined shaft and main hole connecting air duct of highway tunnel
By using BIM design methods, the three-dimensional visualization and collaborative design of the inclined shaft and the connecting ventilation duct of the main tunnel of the highway tunnel was realized, which solved the problems of cumbersome process and lack of standardization in traditional two-dimensional CAD design, and improved the convenience and accuracy of the design.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511687667.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-10
AI Technical Summary
Traditional 2D CAD software is cumbersome and lacks standardization when designing connecting ventilation ducts for inclined shafts in highway tunnels. It is difficult to accurately express the topological relationships in three-dimensional space, resulting in complex design modifications and easy geometric conflicts and errors.
By adopting the BIM design method and using parametric 3D visualization design, combined with an integrated input framework for plan, longitudinal and cross sections, the spatial relationship between connecting ventilation ducts, inclined shafts and main tunnels can be collaboratively designed. It supports input of straight lines and arcs and provides an intelligent recommendation module to optimize the design process.
It improves the convenience and accuracy of design, simplifies the understanding of complex spatial relationships, reduces the workload of design modifications, enhances design efficiency and precision, and meets the high standards required for modern tunnel engineering.
Smart Images
Figure CN121502882A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the field of highway digitization, and particularly relates to a BIM design method for a highway tunnel inclined shaft and main hole communication air duct. BACKGROUND
[0002] In the traditional design of the highway tunnel inclined shaft communication air duct, mainly relies on the design personnel to draw by hand using two-dimensional CAD software, and there are technical bottlenecks such as complicated design process, insufficient standardization, and low collaboration efficiency. Especially when dealing with the spatial intersection relationship between the communication air duct and the main tunnel and the inclined shaft, and the complex structure of the variable cross-section transition, the two-dimensional design method is difficult to accurately express the three-dimensional spatial topological relationship, which leads to repeated adjustment during design modification, not only greatly increases the workload, but also easily causes geometric conflicts and design errors.
[0003] In view of these problems, a BIM design method for a highway tunnel inclined shaft and main hole communication air duct is urgently needed to solve the above problems. SUMMARY
[0004] The present application provides a BIM design method for a highway tunnel inclined shaft and main hole communication air duct to solve the problems of low two-dimensional CAD drawing efficiency, non-intuitive spatial relationship expression, and complicated modification in the traditional design of the existing highway tunnel inclined shaft communication air duct.
[0005] The present application is implemented by using the following technical solutions: A BIM design method for a highway tunnel inclined shaft and main hole communication air duct, comprising the following steps: S1: determining the arrangement number of the communication air duct and the functional type of each communication air duct; S2: performing communication air duct plane design, comprising the following steps: Firstly, defining the starting point connection object and the corresponding pile number of the communication air duct, wherein the starting point connection object is the inclined shaft or other communication air duct; Then, defining the end point connection object and the corresponding pile number of the communication air duct, wherein the end point connection object is the main hole; Finally, combining the plane radius parameter, defining the straight line or circular arc connection parameter between the starting point and the end point, generating the communication air duct plane design line, and determining the end point pile number; S3: performing communication air duct longitudinal section design, and controlling by the control point pile number elevation when the communication air duct and the main hole intersect; when the communication air duct and the main hole exist cross intersection, realizing straight line crossing by inputting the key point design pile number elevation, or realizing circular arc crossing by inputting the key point design pile number elevation and the crossing radius; S4: performing communication air duct transverse section design, and respectively defining the starting point and end point pile number of each section of the communication air duct and the corresponding section scheme, to realize the variable cross-section transition change of the communication air duct in different sections. S5: outputting the design result, the design result including a two-dimensional drawing and a three-dimensional model generated based on the design.
[0006] Further, in step S1, the number of arrangements is a positive integer less than or equal to 3.
[0007] Further, in step S1, the function type includes air supply, air exhaust, or smoke exhaust.
[0008] Further, in step S2, the overall arrangement form of the contact air duct plane design line includes two modes of parallel main holes and vertical main holes. When the vertical main hole mode is adopted, the intersection point stake number of the default contact air duct and the main hole is determined based on the principle of the closest distance between the end of the inclined shaft and the main hole design line. When the parallel main hole mode is adopted, the final intersection point stake number is determined by adjusting the default intersection point stake number determined based on the principle of the closest distance forward and backward; the contact air duct plane design line is correspondingly adjusted to a polyline connected by two straight lines respectively parallel and perpendicular to the main hole design line; when a plane radius parameter is input, the right angle segment of the polyline is connected smoothly by a circular arc with the input radius.
[0009] Further, in step S2, the plane total length of the contact air duct plane design line is obtained in real time, as well as the connection stake numbers corresponding to the intersection positions of the contact air duct and the inclined shaft, the contact air duct and the main hole, and the contact air duct and the contact air duct plane.
[0010] Further, in step S2, the start point and the end point of the contact air duct are controlled by defining three parameters of the spatial relationship type, the connection / spanning object, and the intersection point stake number. The spatial relationship type is the spatial relationship type of the contact air duct and the intersecting component, including connecting the inclined shaft / air duct or connecting the main hole. The connection / spanning object is the plane intersection object of the contact air duct. The intersection point stake number is the intersection point stake number on the plane intersection object.
[0011] Further, when the contact air duct directly connects with the main hole without a spatial spanning object, step S3 is skipped.
[0012] Further, in step S4, when the start point stake number of the next section is greater than the end point stake number of the previous section, the two stake numbers are automatically connected by a variable cross-section form; when the start point stake number of the next section is equal to the end point stake number of the previous section, the two sections of the contact air duct are connected in the form of a sudden change in cross-section.
[0013] Further, in step S5, the two-dimensional drawing includes the overall plan of the connecting air duct, the longitudinal section of different connecting air ducts and the cross section of key sections; and the three-dimensional model is automatically set to different colors according to different functional types of the connecting air ducts.
[0014] A BIM design system for implementing the BIM design method of the connecting air duct between the inclined shaft and the main tunnel of a highway tunnel, the design system comprising: a parameter input module for receiving the arrangement number, the functional type and the design parameters; a plan design module for conducting the plan design of the connecting air duct and generating the plan design line of the connecting air duct; a longitudinal section design module for conducting the longitudinal section design of the connecting air duct and processing the spatial crossing relationship between the connecting air duct and the main tunnel; a cross section design module for conducting the cross section design of the connecting air duct and defining and managing the cross section scheme of each section of the connecting air duct to realize the transition of the variable cross section; an achievement output module for generating the two-dimensional drawing and the three-dimensional model.
[0015] The BIM design method of the connecting air duct between the inclined shaft and the main tunnel of a highway tunnel, compared with the prior art, the connecting relationship between the connecting air duct, the inclined shaft and the main tunnel is parameterized and collaboratively designed in a three-dimensional visual form, which greatly facilitates the understanding of the complex spatial relationship by the designers, meanwhile, by providing multiple optional arrangement and crossing forms, the design process of the tunnel connecting air duct is more convenient and flexible, and the result is more accurate; in addition, the plan-longitudinal section-cross section integrated input framework adapted to the design of the connecting air duct is constructed: the plan design supports the cross modeling of the connecting air duct with the main tunnel, the inclined shaft and other connecting air ducts, and is compatible with linear and circular arc line type input; the longitudinal section design supports key point elevation control and two modes of linear crossing and circular arc crossing; the cross section design supports multi-section variable cross section parameterized input and automatic transition. The whole process parameterization driving from plan positioning to spatial form is realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0016] Figure 1 The design method flowchart of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0018] A BIM design method of the connecting air duct between the inclined shaft and the main tunnel of a highway tunnel, as shown in FIG. 1, comprising the following steps: Figure 1 S1: Determine the number of connecting ducts and the functional type of each connecting duct based on the calculated supply and exhaust air volume; the number of ducts is a positive integer less than or equal to 3; the functional type includes, but is not limited to, supply air, exhaust air, or smoke exhaust.
[0019] S2: Conduct the plan design of the connecting air duct, including the following steps: First, define the starting point connection object and corresponding station number of the connecting ventilation duct. The starting point connection object is an inclined shaft or other connecting ventilation duct. Then, define the endpoint connection object and corresponding station number of the connecting ventilation duct, wherein the endpoint connection object is the main tunnel; Finally, by combining the plane radius parameter, the straight line or circular arc connection parameters between the starting point and the ending point are defined, the plane design line of the connecting air duct is automatically generated, and its ending station number is determined.
[0020] The overall layout of the connecting air duct plan design line includes two modes: parallel main tunnel and vertical main tunnel. When the vertical main tunnel mode is adopted, the default station number of the intersection of the connecting ventilation duct and the main tunnel is determined based on the principle of the shortest distance between the end of the inclined shaft and the design line of the main tunnel. When the parallel main tunnel mode is adopted, the final intersection station number is determined by adjusting the default intersection station number based on the nearest distance principle. The connecting ventilation duct plan design line is correspondingly adjusted to a broken line formed by connecting two straight lines that are parallel and perpendicular to the main tunnel design line respectively. When the plan radius parameter is input, the right-angle segment of the broken line is smoothly connected by the arc of the input radius.
[0021] In this step, the system provides in real time the total length of the planar design line of the connecting ventilation duct, as well as the connection station numbers corresponding to the intersection positions of the connecting ventilation duct with the inclined shaft, the connecting ventilation duct with the main tunnel, and the connecting ventilation duct with each other.
[0022] In this step, the starting and ending points of the connecting air duct are controlled by defining three parameters: spatial relationship type, connecting / crossing object, and intersection station number. The spatial relationship type refers to the spatial relationship between connecting air ducts and intersecting components, including connecting inclined shafts / connecting air ducts or connecting main tunnels; The connection / crossing object is a planar intersection object of the connecting air duct; The intersection station number is the intersection station number on the plane intersection object.
[0023] S3: Design the longitudinal section of the connecting ventilation duct, using the station elevation of the control point where the connecting ventilation duct intersects with the main tunnel. When the connecting ventilation duct and the main tunnel cross each other, a straight crossing can be achieved by inputting the design station elevation of the key point, or a circular crossing can be achieved by inputting the design station elevation of the key point and the crossing radius. If the connecting ventilation duct is directly connected to the main tunnel without any spatial crossing object, skip this step.
[0024] S4: Perform cross-sectional design of connecting air ducts, supporting parameterized input of multiple variable cross-sections, defining the start and end station numbers and corresponding cross-sectional schemes of each segment of the connecting air duct, so as to realize the transition of variable cross-sections of the connecting air duct in different segments; when the start station number of the later segment is greater than the end station number of the earlier segment, the two stations are automatically connected by a variable cross-section; when the start station number of the later segment is equal to the end station number of the earlier segment, the two segments of the connecting air duct are connected by abrupt cross-section.
[0025] S5: Output design results, which include two-dimensional drawings and three-dimensional models generated based on the design; the two-dimensional drawings include an overall plan view of the connecting air ducts, longitudinal section views of different connecting air ducts, and cross section views of key sections; the three-dimensional model is automatically set to different colors according to the different functional types of the connecting air ducts.
[0026] A BIM design system is provided for implementing a BIM design method for a highway tunnel inclined shaft and main tunnel connecting ventilation duct as described in this invention. The design system includes: The parameter input module is used to receive the number of arrangements, function type, and design parameters; The plan design module is used for the plan design of the connecting air duct and generates the plan design line of the connecting air duct. The longitudinal section design module is used to design the longitudinal section of the connecting air duct, and at the same time to deal with the spatial crossing relationship between the connecting air duct and the main tunnel. The cross-section design module is used to design the cross-section of the connecting air duct, and to define and manage the cross-section schemes of each segment of the connecting air duct to achieve variable cross-section transitions. The output module is used to generate two-dimensional drawings and three-dimensional models.
[0027] The system operates based on a multi-view linkage mechanism of 3D models, plan views, and longitudinal profiles. Plan views and longitudinal profiles are generated and displayed in real time according to the input parameters during the parameter input process, while the 3D model is generated according to instructions after the parameters are set. Through the 3D parameter-driven model established within the system, intelligent association and linkage adjustment between various components are realized, thereby significantly improving design accuracy, optimizing workflow, and meeting the high standards of design efficiency and quality requirements of modern tunnel engineering.
[0028] The system also integrates an automatic solution recommendation module. Based on the built-in standardized design template library and default layout experience, this module automatically generates and provides recommended solutions for the layout of connecting air ducts in response to user commands, enabling intelligent and efficient completion of the entire air duct design process in a single design interface and reducing repetitive operations for users.
[0029] This invention achieves full-process digitalization of inclined shaft connecting ventilation ducts from scheme design to output by using key technologies such as intelligent processing of cross positions, parametric design of construction, design of other information, and output of results. It effectively solves the technical problems of insufficient standardization and low collaborative efficiency in traditional design methods, and significantly improves design accuracy and work efficiency.
[0030] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Example
[0031] This embodiment takes a particularly long tunnel on a mountainous highway as an example. The left tunnel is 10195m long, and the right tunnel is 10196m long. A No. 1 inclined shaft is used for ventilation and rescue operations. The inclined shaft is connected to the main tunnel at station K2+045 on the main line via a connecting ventilation duct. The method described in this embodiment is implemented in the BIM design system described in this invention.
[0032] S1: Determine the number of connecting air ducts and the functional type of each connecting air duct; Based on ventilation requirements, three connecting air ducts are set up through the system's parameter input module. Their functions are as follows: Air duct 1: smoke exhaust; Air duct 2: ventilation exhaust; Air duct 3: air supply.
[0033] S2: Conduct the plan design of the connecting air duct, including the following steps: S21: Plan Design of Air Duct 1: Since Air Duct 1 connects to the right line of the main tunnel via the default shortest route, the vertical main tunnel mode is selected in the system. The system defines the starting point parameters: select "Connecting Inclined Shaft / Air Duct" for the spatial relationship type, select "Inclined Shaft 1" for the connecting / crossing object, and enter the station number of the intersection point of Inclined Shaft 1. The system also defines the ending point parameters: select "Connecting Main Tunnel" for the spatial relationship type, select "Right Tunnel" for the connecting / crossing object, and enter the station number of the intersection point of the right tunnel. After completion, the system automatically generates the plan design line for Air Duct 1.
[0034] S22: Duct 2 Plan Design: Duct 2 is specified to connect to the main tunnel in a parallel main tunnel mode; therefore, the parallel main tunnel mode is selected in the system. Its start and end point parameters are set the same as in S21. After defining its end point parameter, the duct 2 design line appears as a right-angled broken line composed of parallel and perpendicular segments in the real-time 2D plan layout diagram displayed by the system. Subsequently, by inputting the plan radius parameter, the system automatically and smoothly connects the right-angled segments of this broken line with arcs, generating the final duct 2 plan design line.
[0035] S23: Planar design of air duct 3: Specify that air duct 3 is connected to the left line of the main tunnel, repeat the method and steps described in S22, and the system generates the planar design line of air duct 3.
[0036] S3: Conduct longitudinal section design of the connecting air duct, including the following steps: S31: Longitudinal section design of air duct 1: The longitudinal section of air duct 1 is specified to cross the left line and connect with the right line in an arc manner. The radius of the arc is input through the longitudinal section design module. The system will intuitively display the spatial relationship between the arc segment of air duct 1 and the lining of the left line it crosses through a three-dimensional view, which will help the designers determine the optimal control point position and arc radius.
[0037] S32: Repeat the steps described in S31 to complete the longitudinal section design of the air duct 2 through the system.
[0038] S33: Since air duct 3 is directly connected to the nearest left line and does not cross any objects, the longitudinal section design step is skipped.
[0039] S4: Conduct cross-sectional design of the connecting air duct, including the following steps: S41: Cross-section Design of Air Duct 1: Through the system's cross-section design module, modify the inner contour parameters to define the cross-section schemes for the ordinary section and the widened section of Air Duct 1, and specify the corresponding start and end station numbers for each section. The system reflects the position of the widened section in real time based on the two-dimensional layout drawing, allowing designers to adjust the station numbers of the sections to determine the optimal layout.
[0040] S42: Repeat the steps described in S41 to determine the cross-sectional layout of the air duct 2 through the system; S43: Repeat the steps described in S41 to determine the cross-sectional layout of the air duct 3 through the system; S5: Output design results: Generate and export two-dimensional drawings and three-dimensional models based on the design through the system's output module.
[0041] This invention achieves full-process digitalization of inclined and vertical shaft connecting air ducts from scheme design to output by using key technologies such as intelligent processing of the intersection position of connecting air ducts, parameterized design of structures, design of other information, and output of results. It effectively solves the technical problems of insufficient standardization and low collaborative efficiency in traditional design methods, and significantly improves design accuracy and work efficiency.
[0042] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A BIM design method for the connecting ventilation duct between the inclined shaft and the main tunnel of a highway tunnel, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Determine the number of connecting air ducts and the functional type of each connecting air duct; S2: Conduct the plan design of the connecting air duct, including the following steps: First, define the starting point connection object and corresponding station number of the connecting ventilation duct. The starting point connection object is an inclined shaft or other connecting ventilation duct. Then, define the endpoint connection object and corresponding station number of the connecting ventilation duct, wherein the endpoint connection object is the main tunnel; Finally, combining the plane radius parameter, the straight line or circular arc connection parameters between the starting point and the ending point are defined to generate the plane design line of the connecting air duct and determine its ending station number. S3: Design the longitudinal section of the connecting ventilation duct, using the station elevation of the control point when the connecting ventilation duct intersects with the main tunnel; when the connecting ventilation duct and the main tunnel cross each other, a straight crossing can be achieved by inputting the design station elevation of the key point, or a circular crossing can be achieved by inputting the design station elevation of the key point and the crossing radius. S4: Conduct cross-sectional design of the connecting air duct, define the starting and ending station numbers and corresponding cross-sectional schemes of each segment of the connecting air duct, so as to realize the transition of the variable cross-section of the connecting air duct in different segments. S5: Output design results, which include two-dimensional drawings and three-dimensional models generated based on the design.
2. The BIM design method for the connecting ventilation duct between the inclined shaft and the main tunnel of a highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the number of arrangements is a positive integer less than or equal to 3.
3. The BIM design method for the connecting ventilation duct between the inclined shaft and the main tunnel of a highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the function type includes air supply, air exhaust, or smoke exhaust.
4. The BIM design method for the connecting ventilation duct between the inclined shaft and the main tunnel of a highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the overall layout of the connecting air duct plan design line includes two modes: parallel main tunnel and vertical main tunnel. When the vertical main tunnel mode is adopted, the default station number of the intersection of the connecting ventilation duct and the main tunnel is determined based on the principle of the shortest distance between the end of the inclined shaft and the design line of the main tunnel. When the parallel main tunnel mode is adopted, the final intersection station number is determined by adjusting the default intersection station number based on the nearest distance principle. The connecting ventilation duct plan design line is correspondingly adjusted to a broken line formed by connecting two straight lines that are parallel and perpendicular to the main tunnel design line respectively. When the plan radius parameter is input, the right-angle segment of the broken line is smoothly connected by the arc of the input radius.
5. The BIM design method for the connecting ventilation duct between the inclined shaft and the main tunnel of a highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the total length of the planar design line of the connecting ventilation duct is obtained in real time, as well as the connection station numbers corresponding to the intersection positions of the connecting ventilation duct with the inclined shaft, the connecting ventilation duct with the main tunnel, and the connecting ventilation duct with each other.
6. The BIM design method for the connecting ventilation duct between the inclined shaft and the main tunnel of a highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the starting point and ending point of the connecting air duct are controlled by defining three parameters: spatial relationship type, connecting / crossing object, and intersection station number. The spatial relationship type refers to the spatial relationship type between connecting air ducts and intersecting components, including connecting inclined shafts / air ducts or connecting main tunnels; The connection / crossing object is a planar intersection object of the connecting air duct; The intersection station number is the intersection station number on the plane intersection object.
7. The BIM design method for the connecting ventilation duct between the inclined shaft and the main tunnel of a highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the connecting air duct is directly connected to the main tunnel without any space crossing object, skip step S3.
8. The BIM design method for the connecting ventilation duct between the inclined shaft and the main tunnel of a highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, when the starting station number of the next segment is greater than the ending station number of the previous segment, the two stations are automatically connected by a variable cross-section; when the starting station number of the next segment is equal to the ending station number of the previous segment, the two segments of the connecting ventilation duct are connected by a sudden change in cross-section.
9. The BIM design method for the connecting ventilation duct between the inclined shaft and the main tunnel of a highway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the two-dimensional drawings include an overall plan view of the connecting air ducts, longitudinal section views of different connecting air ducts, and cross section views of key sections; the three-dimensional model is automatically set to different colors according to the different functional types of the connecting air ducts.
10. A BIM design system for implementing the BIM design method for the connecting ventilation duct between the inclined shaft and the main tunnel of a highway tunnel as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The design system includes: The parameter input module is used to receive the number of arrangements, function type, and design parameters; The plan design module is used for the plan design of the connecting air duct and generates the plan design line of the connecting air duct. The longitudinal section design module is used to design the longitudinal section of the connecting air duct, and at the same time to deal with the spatial crossing relationship between the connecting air duct and the main tunnel. The cross-section design module is used to design the cross-section of the connecting air duct, and to define and manage the cross-section schemes of each segment of the connecting air duct to achieve variable cross-section transitions. The output module is used to generate two-dimensional drawings and three-dimensional models.