Battery device, energy storage device, energy storage system, power consumption device, and charging network

Abstract

The application relates to a battery device, an energy storage device, an energy storage system, a power utilization device and a charging network. An electrolyte filled in a shell of a battery monomer is configured as a magneto-rheological electrolyte which can generate a magneto-rheological effect under the action of an external magnetic field, and a voltage-sensitive switch assembly and a coil are connected in series between a first electrode and a second electrode of the battery monomer. In the case that overcharging occurs in the battery monomer, the voltage of the battery monomer rapidly rises, thereby turning on the voltage-sensitive switch assembly, so that the coil is connected between the first electrode and the second electrode of the battery monomer, an external magnetic field is generated and acts on the magneto-rheological electrolyte. In this way, the flowability of the magneto-rheological electrolyte can be reduced, even to zero (that is, the electrolyte is solidified), the polarization performance of the battery monomer is greatly improved, the battery monomer reaches the cut-off voltage in advance, thereby reducing the overcharging capacity or energy, and the phenomenon that the battery device is caused to heat run away or even catch fire and explode due to overcharging is alleviated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery device, energy storage device, energy storage system, power consumption device, and charging network. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of science and technology, secondary batteries, represented by lithium batteries, have become widely used in various fields of daily production and life due to their advantages such as high power density, long cycle life and good environmental performance, especially electric vehicles such as electric cars and electric motorcycles.

[0003] However, during use, batteries are prone to thermal runaway or even fire and explosion due to overcharging. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a battery device, energy storage device, energy storage system, power consumption device, and charging network to mitigate the phenomenon of thermal runaway or even fire and explosion caused by overcharging.

[0005] This application provides a battery device, including a battery cell, a coil, and a voltage-sensitive switch assembly. The battery cell includes a housing and a magnetorheological electrolyte filled inside the housing. The housing is provided with a first electrode and a second electrode. A first end of the coil is connected to the first electrode, a first end of the voltage-sensitive switch assembly is connected to a second end of the coil, and a second end of the voltage-sensitive switch assembly is connected to the second electrode. The voltage-sensitive switch assembly is used to conduct the connection between the coil and the battery cell when the battery cell is overcharged, so that the coil generates an external magnetic field acting on the magnetorheological electrolyte to reduce the fluidity of the magnetorheological electrolyte.

[0006] In the aforementioned battery device, the electrolyte filling the casing of each battery cell is a magnetorheological electrolyte, which can undergo a magnetorheological effect under the influence of an external magnetic field. A voltage-sensitive switch assembly and a coil are connected in series between the first and second electrodes of the battery cell. During normal charging and discharging of the battery cell, the voltage-sensitive switch assembly is in the off state. However, in the event of overcharging, the voltage of the battery cell rises rapidly, thereby turning on the voltage-sensitive switch assembly. This allows the coil to connect between the first and second electrodes of the battery cell, generating an external magnetic field that acts on the magnetorheological electrolyte. In this way, the fluidity of the magnetorheological electrolyte can be reduced, or even reduced to zero (i.e., the electrolyte solidifies), greatly improving the polarization performance of the battery cell. This allows the battery cell to reach the cutoff voltage earlier, thereby reducing the overcharge capacity or energy and mitigating the phenomenon of thermal runaway or even fire and explosion caused by overcharging.

[0007] In some embodiments, the magnetorheological electrolyte includes an electrolyte solvent and magnetic particles doped in the electrolyte solvent.

[0008] The above scheme uses magnetic particles to dope the electrolyte solvent to form a magnetorheological electrolyte. With a relatively simple composition, the fluidity of the magnetorheological electrolyte can be regulated under an external magnetic field, laying the foundation for suppressing thermal runaway during battery overcharging.

[0009] In some embodiments, the magnetic particles include at least one of soft magnetic metal particles, polymer-coated magnetic particles, and core-shell soft magnetic particles.

[0010] In the above scheme, the magnetic particles can be one or more of the following: soft magnetic metal particles, polymer-coated magnetic particles, and core-shell structured soft magnetic particles. This diversified material selection can meet different functional requirements and improve the applicability of the battery device.

[0011] In some embodiments, the magnetic particles account for 1%-15% by weight.

[0012] The above scheme configures the weight percentage of magnetic particles in the magnetorheological electrolyte to be 1%-15%, which not only gives the magnetorheological electrolyte a lower viscosity, but also allows the fluidity of the magnetorheological electrolyte to change rapidly under an applied magnetic field, thereby improving the performance of the battery device.

[0013] In some embodiments, the magnetorheological electrolyte further includes additives doped into the electrolyte solvent, the additives being used to improve the fluidity and / or suspension stability of the magnetorheological electrolyte.

[0014] The above scheme can also incorporate additives into the magnetorheological electrolyte, which can greatly improve the fluidity and / or suspension stability of the magnetorheological electrolyte.

[0015] In some embodiments, the additive includes at least one of surfactants, antisettling agents, antioxidants, and thixotropic agents.

[0016] In the above scheme, the additive can be one or more combinations of surfactants, anti-settling agents, antioxidants and thixotropic agents. In this way, the diverse material selection can meet different functional requirements and further improve the applicability of the battery device.

[0017] In some embodiments, the additive is 0.3%-2% by weight.

[0018] The above scheme configures the additive in the magnetorheological electrolyte to a weight percentage of 0.3%-2%. This not only enables the magnetorheological electrolyte to have a low viscosity to maintain battery performance, but also maintains the suspension stability of magnetic particles in the electrolyte solvent.

[0019] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the additive to the magnetic particles is 1:(3-15).

[0020] The above scheme configures the weight ratio of additives to magnetic particles to be 1:3-1:15. This ensures that the amount of additives is sufficient to improve performance, while also reducing the occurrence of chemical performance degradation of the magnetorheological electrolyte due to excessive addition.

[0021] In some embodiments, the coil is attached to the outer wall of the housing, and / or the coil is attached to the inner wall of the housing.

[0022] The above-described design allows the coil to be attached to the outer wall of the casing, reducing interference with the internal structure of the battery cells and facilitating maintenance and replacement. Alternatively, the coil can be attached to the inner wall of the casing, bringing it closer to the magnetorheological electrolyte, resulting in lower magnetic circuit losses and higher magnetic field strength and efficiency.

[0023] In some embodiments, the number of coils is multiple, and the multiple coils are connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0024] The above-described scheme, by configuring multiple coils, allows for more precise control over the spatial distribution of the magnetic field inside the battery, such as making the magnetic field more uniform or enhancing specific areas. Furthermore, the series and / or parallel connection of the coils helps optimize management, improve the reliability of the battery device, and increase control flexibility.

[0025] In some embodiments, the voltage-sensitive switching assembly includes one or more combinations of diodes, field-effect transistors, and bipolar transistors.

[0026] In the above scheme, the voltage-sensitive switch component can be one or more combinations of diodes, field-effect transistors, and bipolar transistors, thereby allowing the overshoot voltage threshold to be set specifically according to the different battery cells when an external magnetic field is applied, thus improving the reliability of the battery device.

[0027] This application also provides an energy storage device, including at least one of the above-described battery devices, the battery devices being used to store or provide electrical energy.

[0028] This application also provides an energy storage system, including an energy conversion system and the aforementioned energy storage device, wherein the energy conversion system is connected to the energy storage device to convert the current input to or output from the energy storage device into energy.

[0029] This application also provides an electrical device including at least one of the above-described battery devices, the battery devices being used to store or provide electrical energy.

[0030] This application also provides a charging network, including a charging pile and the above-mentioned energy storage device or energy storage system, wherein the energy storage device is used to provide electrical energy to the charging pile. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery device in some embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic particle motion of the magnetorheological fluid in some embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic particle motion of the magnetorheological fluid in some other embodiments of this application;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a front view of the battery device structure in some embodiments of this application;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a top view of the battery device in some other embodiments of this application;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the battery device in some other embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a comparative schematic diagram of battery voltage and temperature curves in some embodiments of this application;

[0039] Figure 8 The diagram shows the structure of the energy storage system in some embodiments of this application;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the charging network structure in some embodiments of this application.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0042] 10-Battery cell, 11-Housing, 12-Magnetorheological electrolyte, 20-Coil, 30-Voltage sensitive switch assembly, 111-First electrode, 112-Second electrode, 21-Magnetic particle; 81-Energy storage device, 82-Energy conversion system, 83-Power generation equipment, 84-Charging pile, 85-Connector. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0046] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0048] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0049] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0050] Currently, judging from market trends, battery applications are becoming increasingly widespread. They are not only used in energy storage systems for hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power plants, but also extensively in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric cars, as well as in aerospace and other fields. As the application areas of batteries continue to expand, the market demand is also constantly increasing.

[0051] When a battery is overcharged, excessive lithium ions are released from the positive electrode, causing the positive electrode structure to collapse. The unstable structure is placed in a strongly oxidized state, which strongly oxidizes the electrolyte and separator. Simultaneously, lithium ions released from the positive electrode precipitate in large quantities on the surface of the negative electrode, forming lithium dendrites. The strongly reduced lithium also reacts with the electrolyte. This results in a strong redox reaction inside the battery, releasing a large amount of heat. Combined with the Joule heat generated during charging, this causes the battery temperature to rise dramatically. Ultimately, this triggers a series of reactions, including the decomposition of the SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase) film, the melting of the separator causing an internal short circuit, and electrolyte decomposition, leading to battery thermal failure. In severe cases, it can even cause a fire or explosion.

[0052] Research has found that by controlling the battery to reach the cutoff voltage (protection voltage) earlier, the duration of overcharging can be reduced (i.e., preventing deep overcharging), thereby reducing the heat generated by overcharging, alleviating the phenomenon of a sharp rise in battery temperature, and thus reducing the risk of battery thermal runaway.

[0053] In-depth research has revealed a direct correlation between battery voltage and internal resistance. With a constant charging current, an increase in internal resistance leads to a rapid increase in voltage across the battery terminals, allowing it to reach the cutoff voltage more quickly. Internal resistance is also directly related to the conductivity of ions within the battery; lower conductivity results in greater resistance to ion transport, thus increasing internal resistance. The electrolyte within the battery is responsible for ion transport between the positive and negative electrodes. Reduced electrolyte fluidity or solidification significantly decreases ion mobility, leading to a substantial reduction in conductivity. Therefore, by controlling the electrolyte's fluidity or causing it to solidify during overcharging, battery polarization can be enhanced, enabling the battery to reach the cutoff voltage more rapidly.

[0054] Based on the above considerations, this application proposes a battery device in which the electrolyte filling the casing of a battery cell is configured as a magnetorheological electrolyte, which can undergo a magnetorheological effect under the action of an external magnetic field. A voltage-sensitive switch assembly and a coil are connected in series between the first and second electrodes of the battery cell. During normal charging and discharging of the battery cell, the voltage-sensitive switch assembly is in the off state. However, when the battery cell is overcharged, the voltage of the battery cell rises rapidly, thereby turning on the voltage-sensitive switch assembly, so that the coil is connected between the first and second electrodes of the battery cell, generating an external magnetic field that acts on the magnetorheological electrolyte.

[0055] The above solution can reduce the fluidity of the magnetorheological electrolyte to zero (i.e., the electrolyte solidifies) when a battery cell is overcharged, greatly improving the polarization performance of the battery cell and allowing the battery cell to reach the cutoff voltage earlier. This reduces the overcharge capacity or energy and alleviates the phenomenon of thermal runaway or even fire and explosion caused by overcharging of the battery device.

[0056] The battery cells provided in this application can be lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, lithium metal batteries, sodium metal batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, magnesium-ion batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lead-acid batteries, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited in this regard. The shape of the battery cell is not unique; it can be a pouch battery, a prismatic battery, a cylindrical battery, etc., and is not limited thereto. The battery cells in the embodiments of this application can be a single cell, or a battery pack formed by multiple cells connected in series and / or in parallel, or a battery pack formed by multiple battery packs connected in series and / or in parallel, or a battery box including at least one battery pack. The specific type is not limited; the choice can be made based on actual needs.

[0057] Please see Figure 1This application provides a battery device, including a battery cell 10, a coil 20, and a voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30. The battery cell 10 includes a housing and a magnetorheological electrolyte 12 filled inside the housing. The housing is provided with a first electrode 111 and a second electrode 112. A first end of the coil 20 is connected to the first electrode 111, a first end of the voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 is connected to the second end of the coil 20, and a second end of the voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 is connected to the second electrode 112. The voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 is used to conduct the connection between the coil 20 and the battery cell 10 when the battery cell 10 is overcharged, so that the coil 20 generates an external magnetic field acting on the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 to reduce the fluidity of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12.

[0058] The battery cell 10 is a complete battery unit used to store and release electrical energy. It can be a rechargeable battery, which is a battery cell 10 that can be recharged after being discharged to activate the active materials and continue to be used. It typically includes positive and negative electrodes, an electrolyte, a casing, a separator, and additional components (such as current collectors and explosion-proof valves), which will not be elaborated here. In this embodiment, the type of battery cell 10 is not unique; it can be a single cell, a battery pack, or a battery assembly, and is not specifically limited. The coil 20 is a spiral structure formed by winding conductive wire, which generates a magnetic field based on the principle of electromagnetic induction when current flows through it. The voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 is a device that can change its impedance characteristics to achieve conduction when overvoltage occurs.

[0059] Magnetorheological electrolyte 12 is a functional material that combines magnetorheological effect and electrolyte properties. When no external magnetic field is applied, it exhibits low viscosity Newtonian fluid characteristics. When an external magnetic field is applied, it quickly transforms into high viscosity Bingham fluid, realizing reversible liquid-solid conversion with a response time in the millisecond range.

[0060] Magnetorheological electrolyte 12 is essentially a magnetorheological fluid. (See also: [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 2 For magnetorheological fluids, the magnetic particles 21 move freely in the fluid medium; once magnetized under a magnetic field, the rheological properties of the magnetorheological polishing fluid itself change rapidly, such as yield stress and viscosity. That is, the magnetic particles 21 become polarized and attract each other, forming a chain-like structure in the direction of the applied magnetic field. For details, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 3 In other words, when an external magnetic field is applied, magnetorheological polishing rapidly transforms from a Newtonian fluid to a solid-like state, and this transformation is continuously adjustable.

[0061] The magnetorheological electrolyte 12 can be understood as an electrolyte possessing the aforementioned properties of a magnetorheological fluid. When the battery cell 10 is not overcharged (e.g., during normal charging, normal discharging, or in an unused state), the voltage across the battery cell 10 is relatively low. At this time, the voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 is in the off state, no current flows through the coil 20, and therefore no magnetic field is generated. The fluidity of the electrolyte is not altered by the applied magnetic field, and the operation of the battery cell 10 is unaffected. However, when the battery cell 10 is overcharged, the voltage across the battery cell 10 increases, causing the voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 to conduct, and current flows through the coil 20, thereby generating an applied magnetic field that acts on the magnetorheological electrolyte 12. Under the influence of the applied magnetic field, the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 undergoes the same reaction as when the magnetorheological fluid is magnetized, resulting in reduced fluidity or even solidification. This reduces ionic conductivity, increases battery internal resistance, and rapidly raises the battery voltage to the cutoff voltage, reducing overcharge capacity or energy.

[0062] It is understood that the first electrode 111 and the second electrode 112 mentioned above correspond to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell 10, respectively. In one embodiment, the first electrode 111 is the positive electrode and the second electrode 112 is the negative electrode; in another embodiment, the first electrode 111 is the negative electrode and the second electrode 112 is the positive electrode, and the specific configuration is not limited. In this embodiment, the coil 20 is directly connected to the battery cell 10, and the battery cell 10 supplies power to the coil 20, eliminating the need for an additional power source. This saves costs and also helps to reduce the size of the battery device.

[0063] It should be noted that the positions of the coil 20 and the voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 relative to the battery cell 10 in this embodiment are not unique. Both can be located outside the housing or inside the housing. In another embodiment, the coil 20 can be located inside the housing and the voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 can be located outside the housing; or the coil 20 can be located outside the housing and the voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 can be located inside the housing. No limitation is made here.

[0064] In the aforementioned battery device, the electrolyte filling the casing of the battery cell 10 is configured as a magnetorheological electrolyte 12, which can undergo a magnetorheological effect under the influence of an external magnetic field. A voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 and a coil 20 are connected in series between the first electrode 111 and the second electrode 112 of the battery cell 10. During normal charging and discharging of the battery cell 10, the voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 is in the off state. However, when the battery cell 10 is overcharged, the voltage of the battery cell 10 rises rapidly, thereby turning on the voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30. This causes the coil 20 to be connected between the first electrode 111 and the second electrode 112 of the battery cell 10, generating an external magnetic field that acts on the magnetorheological electrolyte 12. In this way, the fluidity of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 can be reduced, or even reduced to zero (i.e., the electrolyte solidifies), greatly improving the polarization performance of the battery cell 10. This allows the battery cell 10 to reach the cutoff voltage earlier, thereby reducing the overcharge capacity or energy and mitigating the phenomenon of thermal runaway or even fire and explosion caused by overcharging.

[0065] In some embodiments, the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 includes an electrolyte solvent and magnetic particles doped with the electrolyte solvent.

[0066] The electrolyte solvent is the core medium for ion transfer in the electrolyte; magnetic particles are particles in the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 that impart magnetic field responsiveness, and their characteristics directly affect the rheological control capability and electrochemical performance of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12. The type of electrolyte solvent is not unique and may vary depending on the battery cell 10. Taking a lithium battery as an example, in one embodiment, the electrolyte solvent may include lithium salts and additives. The type of magnetic particles is also not unique; any substance that can form a magnetorheological electrolyte 12 that meets the aforementioned performance requirements through the addition of magnetic particles is acceptable, and there is no specific limitation.

[0067] The above scheme uses magnetic particles to dope the electrolyte solvent to form a magnetorheological electrolyte 12. With a relatively simple composition, the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 can achieve the effect of fluidity regulation under an external magnetic field, laying the foundation for suppressing thermal runaway during battery overcharging.

[0068] In some embodiments, the magnetic particles include at least one of soft magnetic metal particles, polymer-coated magnetic particles, and core-shell soft magnetic particles.

[0069] Soft magnetic metal particles are magnetic particles made of metals such as iron, nickel, and cobalt, or their alloys. Their core characteristics are low coercivity and high permeability, making them easy to magnetize and demagnetize, and exhibiting low hysteresis loss. Polymer-coated magnetic particles are formed by the physical adsorption or chemical bonding of a magnetic core (such as iron(III) oxide, ferrite, etc.) and a polymer shell (such as polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, polylactic acid, etc.). Core-shell structured soft magnetic particles are prepared by the sol-gel method, chemical precipitation method, etc., using a magnetic core (such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and their alloys) and a non-magnetic or soft magnetic shell (such as silica, polymers, metal oxides).

[0070] In some embodiments, any one of soft magnetic metal particles, polymer-coated magnetic particles, and core-shell soft magnetic particles can be used as magnetic particles and added to the electrolyte solvent. In other embodiments, two or three of the soft magnetic metal particles, polymer-coated magnetic particles, and core-shell soft magnetic particles can be used and added to the electrolyte solvent, as long as the soft magnetic metal particles, polymer-coated magnetic particles, and core-shell soft magnetic particles do not interfere with each other.

[0071] In some embodiments, the magnetic particles should possess the following properties: high saturation magnetization, large permeability, low coercivity and low remanence, high physicochemical stability, suitable particle size and shape, and the density of the soft magnetic particles should be as close as possible to the density of the carrier liquid (to reduce sedimentation velocity). The magnetic particles should also be environmentally friendly and non-toxic (to reduce harm to the human body).

[0072] In the above scheme, the magnetic particles can be one or more of the following: soft magnetic metal particles, polymer-coated magnetic particles, and core-shell structured soft magnetic particles. This diversified material selection can meet different functional requirements and improve the applicability of the battery device.

[0073] In some embodiments, the magnetic particles account for 1%-15% by weight.

[0074] The weight percentage of magnetic particles, i.e., the proportion of the weight of the magnetic particles in the total weight of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12, is considered. Within a certain range, the more magnetic particles there are, the better the performance of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 under the action of an external magnetic field. However, this also leads to excessively high viscosity of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12, affecting the chemical performance of the battery cell 10. Therefore, the magnetic particles need to be configured within a reasonable range to balance the viscosity of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 with its performance under the action of an external magnetic field.

[0075] In some embodiments, the weight percentage of the magnetic particles can be configured as 1%, 15%, or any value between 1% and 15%, such as 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, etc. In other embodiments, to further improve the performance of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12, the weight percentage of the magnetic particles can be further configured within a range of 1% to 15%, such as 1% to 5%, etc. The specific configuration is not limited and can be determined based on actual needs.

[0076] In other embodiments, the weight percentage of the magnetic particles may be configured to be less than 1% (e.g., 0.8%) or greater than 15% (e.g., 16%), without any specific limitation.

[0077] The above scheme configures the weight percentage of magnetic particles in the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 to be 1%-15%, which not only makes the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 have a low viscosity, but also allows the fluidity of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 to change rapidly under an applied magnetic field, thereby improving the performance of the battery device.

[0078] In some embodiments, the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 further includes additives doped into the electrolyte solvent, which are used to improve the fluidity and / or suspension stability of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12.

[0079] To further improve the performance of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 and make it have high fluidity and / or suspension stability, additives can be added to the electrolyte solvent. That is, the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 in this embodiment includes an electrolyte solvent, magnetic particles and additives.

[0080] The above scheme can also incorporate additives into the magnetorheological electrolyte 12, which can greatly improve the fluidity and / or suspension stability of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12.

[0081] The type of additive is not unique. Depending on the actual needs, one or more additives with different functions can be added, or one or more additives with the same function can be added; there is no specific limitation. In some embodiments, the additive includes at least one of surfactants, anti-settling agents, antioxidants, and thixotropic agents.

[0082] Surfactants are substances that can significantly reduce the surface tension of liquids or the interfacial tension between two phases. They can improve the dispersibility and compatibility of magnetic particles in the electrolyte solvent, and reduce the possibility of magnetic particles agglomerating. Antisettling agents are materials that can increase the viscosity of the system or form a three-dimensional network structure. They can slow down the settling of magnetic particles in the electrolyte solvent due to gravity. Antioxidants are chemical substances that can delay or inhibit the degradation of substances due to oxidation reactions (usually related to oxygen or electrochemical processes). They can protect magnetic particles and electrolyte solvents, reduce the possibility of chemical oxidative degradation, and maintain the electrochemical stability and material integrity of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12. Thixotropic agents are additives that can make fluids exhibit thixotropic properties. They can endow the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 with intelligent rheological properties, making it maintain high viscosity and antisettling when stationary, and rapidly thin under the action of external force or magnetic field to facilitate flow or response.

[0083] In some embodiments, only one of the surfactant, anti-settling agent, antioxidant, and thixotropic agent may be added to the electrolyte solvent, or multiple of the surfactant, anti-settling agent, antioxidant, and thixotropic agent may be added; the specific addition is not limited. In one embodiment, surfactant, anti-settling agent, antioxidant, and thixotropic agent may be added simultaneously, and the four work synergistically to obtain a high-performance magnetorheological electrolyte 12 with uniform dispersion, slow sedimentation, sensitive response, and long cycle life.

[0084] It is understood that the types of the above-mentioned additives are not unique. In some embodiments, the surfactant may be silica, oleic acid, linoleic acid, silane coupling agents, phosphate esters, dodecylbenzene salts, polyacrylic acid, organobentonite, stearic acid, and other nonionic surfactants, without specific limitations. The anti-settling agent may be organoclay, polymeric thickener (such as polymethyl methacrylate, etc.). The antioxidant may be phenolic antioxidants, phosphorus antioxidants, etc., while the thixotropic agent may be fumed silica, etc.

[0085] In the above scheme, the additive can be one or more combinations of surfactants, anti-settling agents, antioxidants and thixotropic agents. In this way, the diverse material selection can meet different functional requirements and further improve the applicability of the battery device.

[0086] In some embodiments, the additive is 0.3%-2% by weight.

[0087] The weight percentage of the additive refers to its proportion in the total weight of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 (including electrolyte solvent, magnetic particles, and additives). Within a certain range, more additives result in better suspension stability and flowability of the magnetic particles in the magnetorheological electrolyte 12. However, this can also lead to excessively high viscosity of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12, affecting the chemical performance of the battery cell 10. Therefore, the additives need to be formulated within a reasonable range to balance the viscosity of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 with the suspension stability and flowability of the magnetic particles.

[0088] In some embodiments, the weight percentage of the additive can be configured as 0.3%, 2%, or any value between 0.3% and 2%, such as 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.5%, 1.8%, etc. In another embodiment, to further improve the performance of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12, the weight percentage of the additive can be further configured within a range of 0.3% to 2%, such as 0.5% to 1%, etc., without specific limitation, and can be configured according to actual needs.

[0089] In other embodiments, the weight percentage of the additive may be configured to be less than 0.3% (e.g., 0.2%) or greater than 2% (e.g., 2.2%), without any specific limitation.

[0090] The above scheme configures the additive in the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 to a weight percentage of 0.3%-2%. This not only enables the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 to have a low viscosity to maintain battery performance, but also maintains the suspension stability of magnetic particles in the electrolyte solvent.

[0091] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the additive to the magnetic particles is 1:(3-15).

[0092] The addition weight ratio refers to the ratio of the weight of the additive to the weight of the magnetic particles in the magnetorheological electrolyte 12. Magnetic particles typically have a higher density than the electrolyte solvent, making them prone to sedimentation during settling or cycling, leading to uneven electrolyte composition, decreased conductivity, and even increased local polarization. Additives, on the other hand, can form a stable coating layer or construct a three-dimensional network structure on the surface of the magnetic particles, significantly improving their suspension stability. When the additive-to-magnetic-particle weight ratio reaches 1:15, a monolayer coating is sufficient to reduce magnetic particle agglomeration. Furthermore, the addition of less additive has a smaller impact on the conductivity of the magnetorheological electrolyte, making it suitable for high-power, high-energy-density battery cells. When the additive-to-magnetic-particle weight ratio reaches 1:3, a thicker protective layer or a stronger network structure can be formed, making it suitable for battery cells operating in high-vibration environments and effectively enhancing sedimentation stability and magnetic response intensity.

[0093] By maintaining a weight ratio of additives to magnetic particles between 1:15 and 1:3, the viscosity of the magnetorheological electrolyte can be controlled within a reasonable range even without an applied external magnetic field, ensuring normal ion transport. Simultaneously, the conductivity of the magnetorheological electrolyte is also maintained; although it decreases slightly, it remains within an acceptable range, balancing safety and performance. This moderate modification of the magnetic particle surface allows for the maintenance of high magnetic susceptibility and rapid response, while also restoring fluidity after the magnetic field is removed, achieving reversible control.

[0094] When 1 part by weight of additive is added to the electrolyte solvent, 3-15 parts by weight of magnetic particles can be added accordingly. That is, the mass of magnetic particles in the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 can be 3-15 times that of the additive. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the two can be 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12, 1:13, 1:14, 1:15, etc., and there is no specific limitation.

[0095] For example, in one embodiment, taking a 1:3 ratio as an example, if 1% of the additive is added by weight, then 3% of the magnetic particles need to be added; taking a 1:15 ratio as an example, if 1% of the additive is added by weight, then 15% of the magnetic particles need to be added.

[0096] The above scheme configures the weight ratio of additives to magnetic particles to be 1:3-1:15. This ensures that the amount of additives is sufficient to improve performance, while also reducing the occurrence of chemical performance degradation of magnetorheological electrolyte 12 due to excessive addition.

[0097] The location of the coil 20 is not unique; it can be located anywhere as long as the external magnetic field generated by the coil 20 can act on the magnetorheological electrolyte 12. In some embodiments, the coil 20 is attached to the outer wall of the housing, and / or the coil 20 is attached to the inner wall of the housing.

[0098] In one embodiment, the coil 20 may be attached only to the outer wall of the housing; in another embodiment, the coil 20 may be attached only to the inner wall of the housing. In this case, depending on actual needs, the coil 20 may be isolated from the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 to reduce the possibility of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12 corroding the coil 20. In other embodiments, multiple coils 20 may be configured, with coils 20 disposed on both the outer and inner walls of the housing.

[0099] In another embodiment, the coil 20 and the housing may be spaced apart to reduce the possibility of electrical conduction between the coil 20 and the housing, such as being spaced apart from the outer wall of the housing and being spaced apart from the inner wall of the housing and being located inside the housing.

[0100] When coil 20 is attached to the inner or outer wall of the housing, it can be located on any side of the housing, for example, on the top of the housing (either the upper outer surface or the upper inner surface). See the reference for details. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The figure shows an example of the device being positioned on the upper outer surface of the housing. In other embodiments, it can also be positioned on the bottom (lower outer surface or lower inner surface), side, etc. of the housing; the specific location is not limited, and the choice can be made based on actual needs.

[0101] The above-described scheme allows the coil 20 to be attached to the outer wall of the housing, reducing interference with the interior of the battery cell 10 and facilitating maintenance and replacement. Alternatively, the coil 20 can be attached to the inner wall of the housing, bringing it closer to the magnetorheological electrolyte 12, resulting in lower magnetic circuit losses and higher magnetic field strength and efficiency.

[0102] It is understood that in some embodiments, regardless of whether the coil 20 is located inside or outside the housing, the voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 can be located outside the housing to reduce the possibility of damage or accidental conduction and improve the switching operation reliability of the voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30.

[0103] In some embodiments, the number of coils 20 is multiple, and the multiple coils 20 are connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0104] The number of coils 20 is not unique; only one coil 20 can be configured. By appropriately configuring the number of turns of the coil 20, the external magnetic field generated by the coil 20 can be sufficient to change the flowability of the magnetorheological electrolyte 12. In another embodiment, the strength of the generated external magnetic field can be increased by increasing the number of coils 20, thereby improving the response speed of the battery device under overcharge conditions.

[0105] In some embodiments, the coils 20 are connected in series, and the current flowing through each coil 20 is the same, which is equivalent to increasing the number of turns of the coil 20. At this time, the magnetic field strength also increases accordingly. If the coils 20 are connected in parallel, it is equivalent to increasing the equivalent conductor cross-sectional area, allowing a larger total current to pass through. Ideally, if each coil 20 has the same number of turns and is symmetrical, the purpose of increasing the magnetic field strength can also be achieved.

[0106] It is understood that the size of the coil 20 is not unique. In some embodiments, the projected area of ​​the coil 20 on the housing can be configured to be larger than the surface of the housing corresponding to the projected area. In other embodiments, the projected area of ​​the coil 20 can be configured to be smaller than the surface of the housing corresponding to the projected area. No specific limitation is made.

[0107] When there are multiple coils 20, they can be arranged on the same plane or stacked at intervals; there is no specific limitation. The shape of the coils 20 is also not unique; they can be circular, square, or other irregular geometric shapes; there is no specific limitation.

[0108] The above scheme, by configuring multiple coils 20, enables more precise control over the spatial distribution of the magnetic field inside the battery, such as making the magnetic field more uniform or enhancing specific areas. Furthermore, the series and / or parallel connection of the individual coils 20 helps optimize management, improve the reliability of the battery device, and increase control flexibility.

[0109] In some embodiments, the voltage-sensitive switching assembly 30 includes one or more combinations of diodes, field-effect transistors, and bipolar transistors.

[0110] The voltage-sensitive switching component 30 is not unique in type and may include only one type of switching device among diodes, field-effect transistors, and bipolar transistors. Correspondingly, when only one type of switching device is included, the number of that switching device can be one or more, depending on the actual needs. In another embodiment, multiple types of diodes, field-effect transistors, and bipolar transistors may be combined.

[0111] It should be noted that in some embodiments, the diode can be a general diode, or it can be a Zener diode, a switching diode, a light-emitting diode, etc., and there is no specific limitation.

[0112] For ease of understanding, in one embodiment, the battery cell 10 is used as a single cell, and the voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 includes a light-emitting diode (LED) as an example for explanation. The voltage of the battery cell 10 is within the safe voltage range (less than 4V). The voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 includes two LEDs connected in series, and the forward conduction voltage of the LEDs is approximately 2V. When the battery device is charging normally, the battery voltage is less than 4V, the voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 is in the off state, no current flows through the coil 20, and it has no effect on the magnetorheological electrolyte 12. When the battery device is overcharged, the battery voltage is greater than or equal to 4V, the voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 is in the on state, and the coil 20 generates an external magnetic field that acts on the magnetorheological electrolyte 12.

[0113] In the above scheme, the voltage-sensitive switch component 30 can be one or more of diodes, field-effect transistors and bipolar transistors, thereby allowing the overshoot voltage threshold to be set specifically according to the different battery cells 10 when an external magnetic field is applied, thus improving the reliability of the battery device.

[0114] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this application, the following detailed embodiments will be used to explain and illustrate this application.

[0115] The battery device includes a battery cell 10, a coil 20, and a voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30. The battery cell 10 is specifically a battery pack. The first electrode 111 and the second electrode 112 are the positive and negative electrodes of a single cell within the battery pack. The voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 includes two light-emitting diodes connected in series. The casing of the battery cell 10 is filled with a magnetorheological electrolyte 12, which includes an electrolyte solvent (lithium salt, additives, etc.) and magnetorheological components. The magnetorheological components contain micron-sized magnetic particles (soft magnetic material particles such as carbonyl iron powder, titanium-cobalt alloy, etc.) and additives (surface actives, anti-settling agents, antioxidants). There is one coil 20, attached to the outer wall of the battery cell 10. (See reference for details.) Figure 6 .

[0116] When the battery device is in normal use, the voltage between the first electrode 111 and the second electrode 112 is within the safe voltage range (2V-4V). The voltage-sensitive switch assembly 30 is in an off state, the coil 20 does not flow current, and therefore no external magnetic field is generated, which has no effect on the magnetorheological electrolyte 12.

[0117] When the battery device is overcharged (this can be any scenario where the voltage rises abnormally), the battery voltage rapidly increases to above 4V. The voltage-sensitive switch component 30 becomes conductive, and current flows through the coil 20. The resulting external magnetic field acts on the magnetorheological electrolyte 12, reducing its fluidity or even causing it to solidify. This increases battery polarization, reaches the cutoff voltage earlier, reduces overcharge capacity and energy, and lowers the possibility of thermal runaway. For details, please refer to the relevant documentation. Figure 7 In the figures, 71 is the voltage-SOC (state of charge) curve under the scheme of this application embodiment, 72 is the temperature-SOC curve under the scheme of this application embodiment; 73 is the voltage-SOC curve under the conventional scheme, and 74 is the temperature-SOC curve under the conventional scheme. As can be seen from the figures, the scheme of this application embodiment can reach the cutoff voltage (5.5V) faster, and the battery temperature of this case is significantly reduced.

[0118] In some embodiments, this application provides an energy storage device including at least one of the above-described battery devices, the battery devices being used to store or provide electrical energy. The specific structure and implementation of the battery devices are as shown in the above embodiments and accompanying drawings, and will not be repeated here.

[0119] In some embodiments, the energy storage device includes one or more battery clusters to increase the voltage and capacity of the energy storage device. A battery cluster may include at least one battery device, and in some embodiments, multiple battery devices are connected in series via a busbar to increase the voltage of the energy storage device. When the energy storage device includes multiple battery clusters, the multiple battery clusters are connected in parallel to increase the capacity of the energy storage device.

[0120] Energy storage devices can be used in energy storage power stations, wind power generation systems, solar power generation systems, mobile power systems, or temporary power supply systems. Energy storage devices can store electrical energy as needed and output it when appropriate. For example, an energy storage device can store electrical energy during off-peak hours and provide power to relevant users or electrical equipment during peak hours. The energy storage system provided in this application embodiment can be any power system that requires energy storage devices.

[0121] In some embodiments, the energy storage device is an energy storage container or an energy storage cabinet.

[0122] In some embodiments, the energy storage device may include a cabinet and one or more battery clusters housed within the cabinet.

[0123] In some embodiments, the energy storage device may include modules such as a thermal management module, a main control module, a central control module, a power distribution module, and a fire protection module.

[0124] As an example, the thermal management module may include a liquid cooling unit that supplies coolant to each battery device via piping to regulate the temperature of the individual battery cells.

[0125] As an example, the main control module can serve as the battery management unit for the battery cluster, used to monitor and manage the battery cluster. The main control module can monitor information such as the current, voltage, power, or temperature of the battery cluster. For instance, it can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the battery cluster. The main control module includes modules such as an auxiliary battery management unit (SBMU) and a fusion switch.

[0126] As an example, the central control module can serve as the battery management unit for an energy storage device, used to monitor and manage the device. The central control module can monitor information such as the energy storage device's current, voltage, power, state of charge, or temperature. For instance, it can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the energy storage device.

[0127] As an example, the master control module includes modules such as the Insulation Monitoring Module (IMM), the Master Battery Management Unit (MBMU), the Ethernet (ETH) module, and the fiber optic conversion module.

[0128] As an example, a fire protection system includes control panels, detectors, alarm devices, etc., used to detect, alarm, or extinguish fires in energy storage systems.

[0129] As an example, the power distribution unit can be used to distribute power to the power modules of the energy storage device.

[0130] Please see Figure 8 In some embodiments, this application provides an energy storage system, including an energy conversion system 82 and the aforementioned energy storage device 81. The energy conversion system 82 is connected to the energy storage device 81 to convert the current input to the energy storage device 81 or output from the energy storage device 81 into energy.

[0131] In some embodiments, the energy storage system may include one or more energy storage devices 81 and a power conversion system 82 (PCS). The power conversion system 82 is used to connect the power generation device 83, the power grid, or the load to the energy storage device 81. The power generation device 83 generates electrical energy, the energy storage device 81 stores electrical energy, and the power conversion system 82 converts the current input to the energy storage device 81 or the current output from the energy storage device 81 into energy. The electrical energy generated by the power generation device 83 can be stored in the energy storage device 81 through the power conversion system 82, and the electrical energy stored in the energy storage device 81 can also be output to the load or the power grid through the power conversion system 82. As an example, the power generation device 83 may specifically be a solar panel, a hydroelectric power generation device, a thermal power generation device, a wind power generation device, etc. The specific type of the power generation device 83 is not limited in this application.

[0132] In some embodiments, this application also provides an electrical device including at least one of the above-described battery devices, the battery devices being used to store or provide electrical energy. The structure and implementation of the battery devices are as shown in the above embodiments and accompanying drawings, and will not be repeated here.

[0133] The type of electrical device is not limited to one type; it can be an electric vehicle, such as an electric car, an electric motorcycle, or an electric car, or other types, without any limitation here.

[0134] In some embodiments, this application provides a charging network including a charging pile and the aforementioned energy storage device or energy storage system, wherein the energy storage device is used to provide electrical energy to the charging pile.

[0135] In some embodiments, reference may be made to Figure 9 The charging network includes a charging pile 84 and an energy storage device 81. The charging pile 84 is electrically connected to the energy storage device 81, which provides power to the charging pile 84. The charging pile 84 is electrically connected to a battery device in the energy storage device 81 via a cable, and the battery device can provide its stored energy to the charging pile 84. The charging pile 84 has one or more connectors 85 for connecting to electrical equipment (such as vehicles) to replenish power to the equipment. The energy storage device 81 can be located inside the charging pile 84 (e.g., an integrated charging and energy storage unit) or outside the charging pile 84.

[0136] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A battery device, characterized in that, include: A battery cell includes a housing and a magnetorheological electrolyte filled inside the housing, wherein the housing is provided with a first electrode and a second electrode; The magnetorheological electrolyte includes an electrolyte solvent, magnetic particles and additives doped into the electrolyte solvent, wherein the additives are used to improve the fluidity and / or suspension stability of the magnetorheological electrolyte, and the weight ratio of the additives to the magnetic particles is 1:(3-15). A coil, the first end of which is connected to the first electrode; A voltage-sensitive switch assembly, wherein a first end of the voltage-sensitive switch assembly is connected to a second end of the coil, and the second end of the voltage-sensitive switch assembly is connected to a second electrode; the voltage-sensitive switch assembly is used to conduct the connection between the coil and the battery cell when the battery cell is overcharged, so that the coil generates an external magnetic field acting on the magnetorheological electrolyte to reduce the fluidity of the magnetorheological electrolyte.

2. The battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic particles include at least one of soft magnetic metal particles, polymer-coated magnetic particles, and core-shell soft magnetic particles.

3. The battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic particles account for 1%-15% of the total weight.

4. The battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The additives include at least one of surfactants, antisettling agents, antioxidants, and thixotropic agents.

5. The battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The additive has a weight percentage of 0.3%-2%.

6. The battery device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The coil is attached to the outer wall of the housing, and / or the coil is attached to the inner wall of the housing.

7. The battery device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The number of coils is multiple, and the multiple coils are connected in series and / or in parallel.

8. The battery device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The voltage-sensitive switching assembly includes one or more combinations of diodes, field-effect transistors, and bipolar transistors.

9. An energy storage device, characterized in that, It includes at least one battery device as described in any one of claims 1-8, the battery device being used to store or provide electrical energy.

10. An energy storage system, characterized in that, It includes an energy conversion system and the energy storage device as described in claim 9, wherein the energy conversion system is connected to the energy storage device to convert the current input to or output from the energy storage device into energy.

11. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, It includes at least one battery device as described in any one of claims 1-8, the battery device being used to store or provide electrical energy.

12. A charging network, characterized in that, It includes a charging pile, and an energy storage device as described in claim 9 or an energy storage system as described in claim 10, wherein the energy storage device is used to provide electrical energy to the charging pile.

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