Voltage equalization circuit, method and related equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a voltage balancing circuit, a voltage balancing method and related equipment. The voltage balancing circuit comprises a first switch, a protector, a first resistor, a first busbar, a second busbar and a plurality of battery clusters, the first switch is respectively connected with the protector and the first resistor; the protector is connected with the first busbar; the first resistor is connected with the second busbar; each battery cluster in the plurality of battery clusters is respectively connected with the first busbar and the second busbar; the first busbar is connected with the output end of the voltage balancing circuit, and the second busbar is connected with the input end of the voltage balancing circuit; wherein a second switch is arranged on a path, connected with the first busbar, of each battery cluster, and a third switch is arranged on a path, connected with the second busbar, of each battery cluster. Centralized equalization of voltage among the plurality of battery clusters can be realized through the first switch, the protector and the first resistor, the hardware structure is simplified, and the hardware cost is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of voltage equalization, and in particular to a voltage equalization circuit, method and related device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Currently, multiple battery clusters on the DC side of an energy storage system are usually connected in parallel and coupled with an external high-voltage bus DC through a centralized power conversion system (PCS). In existing products, each battery cluster is usually configured with an independent pre-charge circuit to ensure system safety when the voltage is high. However, the configuration of pre-charge circuit devices in each battery cluster leads to an increase in hardware cost and structural complexity, as well as a complex control strategy. SUMMARY

[0003] Therefore, the present application provides a voltage equalization circuit, method and related device, which can simplify the hardware structure and reduce the hardware cost while ensuring system safety when the voltage is high.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a voltage equalization circuit, which comprises: a first switch, a fuse, a first resistor, a first bus bar, a second bus bar and a plurality of battery clusters; The first switch is connected to the fuse and the first resistor, respectively. The fuse is connected to the first bus bar. The first resistor is connected to the second bus bar. Each battery cluster of the plurality of battery clusters is connected to the first bus bar and the second bus bar, respectively. The first bus bar is connected to an output end of the voltage equalization circuit, and the second bus bar is connected to an input end of the voltage equalization circuit. The first switch is connected to the fuse and the first resistor, respectively. A second switch is arranged on a path through which each battery cluster is connected to the first bus bar, and a third switch is arranged on a path through which each battery cluster is connected to the second bus bar.

[0005] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the independent pre-charge circuit in each battery cluster can be removed, and the first switch, the fuse and the first resistor are added between the first bus bar and the second bus bar to realize centralized equalization of the voltage among the plurality of battery clusters, thereby simplifying the hardware structure and reducing the hardware cost. At the same time, through the voltage equalization mechanism provided by the circuit, the equalization current can be effectively controlled in the equalization process to prevent overcurrent and abnormal conditions, thereby improving the system operation safety.

[0006] In a possible implementation, one end of the first switch is connected to one end of the fuse, and the other end of the first switch is connected to one end of the first resistor. The other end of the fuse is connected to the first busbar. The other end of the first resistor is connected to the second busbar. One electrode end of each of the plurality of battery clusters is connected to the first busbar, and the other electrode end of each of the plurality of battery clusters is connected to the second busbar.

[0007] In a possible implementation, the positive electrode end of each of the plurality of battery clusters is connected to the first busbar, and the negative electrode end of each of the plurality of battery clusters is connected to the first busbar.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the first switch is a relay or a circuit breaker.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the first resistor is an adjustable resistor.

[0010] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a voltage balancing method applied to the voltage balancing circuit in the first aspect, and the voltage balancing method comprises the following steps. Determining an end voltage of each of the plurality of battery clusters to obtain a plurality of end voltages. Determining a difference between a maximum end voltage and a minimum end voltage in the plurality of end voltages. Balancing voltages of the plurality of battery clusters based on the difference.

[0011] Therefore, in the embodiments of the present application, the voltages of the plurality of battery clusters can be balanced according to the difference between the end voltages of the battery clusters, the unified balancing management of the end voltages of the plurality of battery clusters is achieved, and then it is not necessary to configure an independent pre-charging circuit in each battery cluster, the hardware structure is simplified, and the hardware cost is reduced while ensuring system safety under high voltage.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the balancing of the voltages of the plurality of battery clusters based on the difference comprises the following steps. If the difference is greater than a preset first voltage, the voltages of the plurality of battery clusters are balanced for multiple times. The i th balancing process comprises the following steps. The second switch and the third switch corresponding to the battery cluster Ai and the second switch and the third switch corresponding to the battery cluster Bi are closed, so that the battery cluster Ai and the battery cluster Bi are connected to the first busbar and the second busbar, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1, i = 1, the battery cluster A1 is the battery cluster corresponding to the maximum end voltage, and the battery cluster B1 is the battery cluster corresponding to the minimum end voltage. adjust a resistance value of the first resistor based on a difference Ci between the terminal voltage of the battery cluster Ai and the terminal voltage of the battery cluster Bi and a preset safe equalization current value; close the first switch to equalize the voltages of the battery cluster Ai and the battery cluster Bi; determine a terminal voltage of each battery cluster Di in a plurality of battery clusters Di, wherein the each battery cluster Di is a battery cluster not connected to the first bus bar and the second bus bar; determine a difference Gi between a maximum terminal voltage Ei and a minimum terminal voltage Fi in the terminal voltages of the plurality of battery clusters Di; if the difference Gi is greater than the first voltage, take a battery cluster corresponding to the maximum terminal voltage Ei as a battery cluster Ai+1 and take a battery cluster corresponding to the minimum terminal voltage Fi as a battery cluster Bi+1, and perform an i+1th equalization process until the plurality of battery clusters are connected to the first bus bar and the second bus bar; if the difference Gi is less than or equal to the first voltage, close a second switch and a third switch corresponding to the each battery cluster Di to connect the plurality of battery clusters Di to the first bus bar and the second bus bar.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the equalizing the voltages of the plurality of battery clusters based on the difference includes: if the difference is less than or equal to a preset first voltage, close a second switch and a third switch corresponding to each battery cluster in the plurality of battery clusters to connect the plurality of battery clusters to the first bus bar and the second bus bar.

[0014] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a voltage equalization apparatus, which is applied to the voltage equalization circuit in the first aspect and includes: a determination module configured to determine a terminal voltage of each battery cluster in a plurality of battery clusters to obtain a plurality of terminal voltages and determine a difference between a maximum terminal voltage and a minimum terminal voltage in the plurality of terminal voltages; an equalization module configured to equalize voltages of the plurality of battery clusters based on the difference.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device including a memory and a processor, the memory is configured to store a computer program, the computer program includes program instructions, and the processor is configured to invoke the program instructions to perform steps in the method designed in the second aspect.

[0016] In a fifth aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program for electronic data exchange, and the computer program causes a computer to perform some or all of the steps described in the method of the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application.

[0017] In a sixth aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product, which comprises a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a computer program operable to cause a computer to execute some or all of the steps described in the method of the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application. The computer program product can be a software installation package.

[0018] The technical effects brought by the technical solutions of the third aspect to the sixth aspect can refer to the technical effects brought by the technical solutions of the second aspect, which will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort on the basis of these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 1. Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of another energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 2. Figure 3 A structural schematic diagram of still another energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 3. Figure 4 A structural schematic diagram of a voltage equalization circuit according to an existing technology is shown in FIG. 4. Figure 5 A structural schematic diagram of a voltage equalization circuit according to an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 5. Figure 6 A flowchart of a voltage equalization method according to an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 6. Figure 7 A function unit composition block diagram of a voltage equalization device according to an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 7. Figure 8 A structural schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the personnel in the technical field better understand the scheme of the present application, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0022] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and in the above drawings are used to distinguish different objects, and are not used to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but can optionally further include steps or units not listed, or can optionally further include other steps or units inherent to the process, method, product or device.

[0023] In the embodiments of the present application, "at least one" or similar expressions refer to any combination of the items, including any combination of single item or multiple items, refer to one or more, and multiple refers to two or more. For example, at least one of a, b or c can represent the following seven cases: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, a, b and c. Wherein, each of a, b and c can be an element or a set containing one or more elements.

[0024] In the embodiments of the present application, "connection" refers to various connection modes such as direct connection or indirect connection to realize communication between devices, and the embodiments of the present application do not make any limitation. In the description of the present application, it is necessary to explain that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. In one example, it can be fixedly connected, or detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected, or it can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the communication or interaction relationship between two elements.

[0025] In this paper, the reference to "embodiments" means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in combination with the embodiments can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The phrase appears at various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment to other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0026] Firstly, the scene applicable to the present method is described.

[0027] Since the energy required by people has strong time and space, in order to reasonably use energy and improve the utilization rate of energy, it is necessary to store one form of energy through a medium or device into the same or another form of energy, and release it in a specific energy form based on future application needs. At present, the main way to generate green electricity is to develop green energy such as photovoltaic and wind power to replace fossil energy, At present, the generation of green electricity generally depends on photovoltaic, wind power, water potential, etc., and wind power and solar energy have the problems of strong intermittency and large fluctuation, which will cause the instability of the power grid, and there is not enough electricity during the peak electricity consumption period, and there is too much electricity during the low electricity consumption period. Unstable voltage will also cause damage to electricity, so it may cause "abandoned wind and light" problem due to insufficient electricity demand or insufficient grid acceptance capacity. To solve these problems, it is necessary to rely on energy storage. That is, the electricity is converted into other forms of energy through physical or chemical means and stored, and the energy is converted into electricity and released when needed. In short, energy storage is similar to a large "power bank", which stores electricity when photovoltaic and wind power are sufficient, and releases the stored electricity when needed.

[0028] Taking electrochemical energy storage as an example, the present scheme provides an energy storage device applied to an energy storage system, which is internally provided with a group of chemical batteries, mainly using chemical elements in the battery as energy storage medium. The charging and discharging process is accompanied by chemical reaction or change of the energy storage medium. In short, the electricity generated by wind and solar energy is stored in the chemical battery, and the stored electricity is released for use when the external electricity use reaches the peak, or transferred to places where electricity is in short supply for use.

[0029] At present, the application scenarios of energy storage (i.e. energy storage) are relatively wide, including energy storage on the power generation side, energy storage on the power grid side, and energy storage on the electricity consumption side, etc. The corresponding types of energy storage devices include: (1) Large-scale energy storage power station (composed of multiple energy storage prefabricated cabins) applied to wind power and photovoltaic power station side, which can assist renewable energy power generation to meet grid connection requirements and improve renewable energy utilization rate; as a high-quality active / reactive power regulation power source on the power supply side, it realizes load matching of electricity in time and space, enhances renewable energy consumption capacity, reduces instantaneous power change, reduces impact on the power grid, and improves new energy power generation consumption problem and has great significance in power grid system backup, relieving peak load power supply pressure and peak regulation; (2) Energy storage prefabricated cabin applied to the power grid side, mainly for peak regulation, frequency regulation, and relieving power grid congestion, which can realize peak clipping and valley filling of electricity load, that is, charging the energy storage battery when the electricity load is in the valley, and releasing the stored electricity when the electricity load is in the peak period, so as to realize the balance between power production and consumption; (3) Small energy storage cabinet applied to power consumption side, the main functions are power self-generation and self-use, peak-valley price difference arbitrage, capacity cost management and improvement of power supply reliability. According to different application scenarios, the energy storage of power consumption side can be divided into industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet, household energy storage device, energy storage charging pile, etc., which is generally used with distributed photovoltaic. Industrial and commercial users can use energy storage for peak-valley price difference arbitrage and capacity cost management. In the electricity market implementing peak-valley electricity price, through charging the energy storage system at low electricity price and discharging the energy storage system at high electricity price, the peak-valley price difference arbitrage is realized, and the electricity cost is reduced. In addition, for industrial enterprises applying two-part electricity price, the energy storage system can be used to store energy at low electricity consumption and discharge at peak load, so as to reduce the maximum demand amount of sharp peak power and report, and achieve the purpose of reducing capacity electricity cost. Household photovoltaic with storage can improve the level of power self-generation and self-use. Due to high electricity price and poor power supply stability, the demand for household photovoltaic installation is increased. Considering that photovoltaic generates electricity in the daytime and users generally have high load at night, through the configuration of energy storage, photovoltaic power can be better utilized, the level of self-generation and self-use is improved, and the electricity cost is reduced. In addition, energy storage needs to be configured in the fields of communication base station and data center for backup power supply.

[0030] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 a structure diagram of an energy storage system provided by the embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application Figure 1 The embodiments of the present application take the household energy storage scenario in user-side energy storage as an example for illustration, and the energy storage device of the present application is not limited to the household energy storage scenario.

[0031] The present application provides an energy storage system 100, which comprises a first electric energy conversion device 110 (photovoltaic panel), a first user load 120 (household lamp), a second user load 130 (such as household appliances such as air conditioner), etc. and an energy storage device 140. The energy storage device 140 is a small energy storage cabinet, which can be installed on the outdoor wall by wall hanging. The energy storage device 140 of the present application is not limited to wall hanging, but can also be placed in the user's residence by other means. Specifically, the photovoltaic panel can convert solar energy into electric energy during the period of low electricity price, the energy storage device 140 is used to store the electric energy and supply the lamp and household appliances for use during the period of high electricity price, or supply power during power grid outage.

[0032] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 another structure diagram of an energy storage system provided by the embodiments of the present application, and the embodiments of the present application Figure 2 The embodiments of the present application take the shared energy storage scenario of power generation / distribution side as an example for illustration, and the energy storage device of the present application is not limited to the shared energy storage scenario of power generation / distribution side.

[0033] The application provides a kind of energy storage system 200, the energy storage system 200 includes: high voltage cable 230, first electric energy conversion device 210, second electric energy conversion device 240 and the energy storage device 220 provided by the application, in some embodiments of power generation side scene, second electric energy conversion device 240 can be wind power electric energy conversion device, since the fluctuation, randomness and intermittence of wind power electric energy conversion generated electric energy, can be stored to energy storage device 220 by grid connection first, wind power electric energy conversion device output unstable electric energy, energy storage device 220 is connected with high voltage cable and exports smooth electric energy to supply distribution network for power consumption side, realize peak shaving and frequency modulation, grid stable operation;Or, wind power electric energy conversion device is always connected with high voltage cable, and the electric energy output by wind power electric energy conversion device is supplied to distribution network for power consumption side by high voltage cable under ordinary power generation condition, and when current power consumption load is low, wind power electric energy conversion device generates excess, first store the excess electric quantity to energy storage device 220, reduce the rate of wind curtailment, improve new energy power generation consumption problem;And when power consumption load is high, grid issues instructions, and the electric quantity stored in energy storage device 220 is transmitted to power consumption side by high voltage cable 230 in grid connection mode, provides peak shaving, frequency modulation, backup and other services for grid operation, fully plays the role of grid peak shaving, promotes grid peak clipping, and relieves grid power supply pressure.

[0034] In some embodiments of distribution network side, first electric energy conversion device 210 can be photovoltaic panel, energy storage device 220 is connected with high voltage cable 230 and is installed between high voltage cable 230 downstream and user load, and the electric energy output by photovoltaic electric energy conversion device is stored in energy storage device 220, which can be used as backup power source in response to grid / distribution network failure;Or, when high voltage cable 230 transmission line appears line congestion, provide power supply support to delay economic pressure generated by grid / distribution expansion.

[0035] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 Another energy storage system structure schematic diagram provided by the embodiments of the application, and the energy storage device of the application Figure 3 Embodiments are described with the example of industrial and commercial side energy storage scene, and the energy storage device of the application is not limited to industrial and commercial side energy storage scene.

[0036] The application provides an energy storage system 300, which comprises an energy storage device 320, a high-voltage cable 330, a factory provided with a first electric energy conversion device 310, a light energy storage and charging station 340 and an automobile 350; in some embodiments of the factory and business side scene, the first electric energy conversion device 310 can be a photovoltaic panel, which converts solar energy into electric energy and stores the electric energy in the energy storage device 320 of the factory; when a power grid failure occurs, the energy storage device 320 is used to ensure the safe and stable operation of the factory; or when the power load of the factory is high, the power grid issues an instruction, and the electric energy stored in the energy storage device 320 is transmitted to the factory in a grid-connected mode together with the high-voltage cable 330 to provide peak shaving / frequency modulation, backup and other services for the operation of the power grid; in addition, the first electric energy conversion device 310 can also convert solar energy into electric energy and store the electric energy in the energy storage device 320 of the light energy storage and charging station 340, and directly charge the automobile 350 through the light energy storage and charging station 340, which is fast and convenient.

[0037] Optionally, the first electric energy conversion device 310 can include but is not limited to a photovoltaic panel, and the second electric energy conversion device 240 can include but is not limited to a wind power electric energy conversion device; the first electric energy conversion device 310 and the second electric energy conversion device 240 can convert at least one of solar energy, light energy, wind energy, thermal energy, tidal energy, biomass energy and mechanical energy into electric energy.

[0038] Optionally, the energy storage device 320 can include but is not limited to an energy storage power station, a hydraulic power generation system, a thermal power generation system, a wind power generation system, a mobile power system, a smart home system or a temporary power supply system and the like, and is also applied to data centers, military equipment, aerospace, charging piles, electric vehicles and the like.

[0039] Optionally, the energy storage device 320 can include but is not limited to a single battery, a battery module, a battery pack, a battery cluster, a mobile power supply, a battery integrated system such as a battery cabinet or a battery prefabricated cabin. The actual application form of the energy storage device 320 provided in the application can be but is not limited to the listed products, and can also be other application forms, and the application form of the energy storage device 320 is not strictly limited in the application.

[0040] Optionally, the single battery can be but is not limited to at least one of a cylindrical battery, a square battery, a prismatic battery or other shaped batteries.

[0041] Optionally, the single battery can be a secondary battery, which refers to a single battery that can be activated by charging after discharging to continue to be used. The single battery can be a lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery, a sodium lithium ion battery, a lithium metal battery, a sodium metal battery, a lithium sulfur battery, a magnesium ion battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a lead storage battery, etc., which is not limited in the present application.

[0042] In the above scenarios, the direct current side of the energy storage device can be composed of multiple battery clusters, which are usually connected in parallel. The multiple battery clusters are connected in parallel and coupled with the external high-voltage bus through the PCS. In the process of raising the voltage on each battery cluster, a voltage equalization circuit is needed to ensure system safety when raising the voltage. However, the existing voltage equalization circuit has certain defects, which will be described in detail below. In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present application, the defects of the existing voltage equalization circuit will be described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0043] Referring to Figure 4 , Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a voltage equalization circuit, as Figure 4 shown, the voltage equalization circuit includes busbars 401, busbars 402 and multiple battery clusters 403. The positive terminal of each battery cluster 403 in the multiple battery clusters 403 is connected to the busbar 401, and the negative terminal of each battery cluster 403 is connected to the busbar 402. The busbar 401 is connected to the output end of the voltage equalization circuit, and the busbar 402 is connected to the input end of the voltage equalization circuit.

[0044] A separate pre-charge circuit 404 is provided between the positive terminal of each battery cluster 403 and the busbar 401, and the pre-charge circuit 404 includes a switch 405, a switch 406 and a resistor 407. One end of the switch 405 is connected to the positive terminal of each battery cluster 403, and the other end is connected to the busbar 401. One end of the switch 406 is connected to the positive terminal of each battery cluster 403, and the other end is connected to one end of the resistor 407. The other end of the resistor 407 is connected to the busbar 401. A switch 408 is provided between the negative terminal of each battery cluster 403 and the busbar 402.

[0045] When performing voltage equalization, the voltage equalization circuit first selects any one battery cluster 403 and closes switches 406 and 408 for that battery cluster 403. The Battery Management System (BMS) detects the voltage between the output and input terminals of the voltage equalization circuit and the terminal voltage of the battery clusters 403 connected to busbars 401 and 402. When the two are equal, it indicates that pre-charging is complete. At this time, switch 405 for that battery cluster 403 is closed and switch 406 is opened, completing the high-voltage process for that battery cluster 403. For other battery clusters 403, the above process is executed sequentially until all battery clusters 403 have completed the high-voltage process.

[0046] As can be seen, in this voltage equalization circuit, each battery cluster is equipped with an independent pre-charge circuit to ensure system safety when high voltage is applied. However, configuring pre-charge circuit devices in each battery cluster leads to increased hardware cost and structural complexity, as well as complex control strategies.

[0047] To address the aforementioned problems, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the above content and the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Furthermore, these embodiments can be related to each other or independent of each other, and identical content between different embodiments can be mutually referenced, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0048] The following will combine Figure 5 A voltage equalization circuit according to an embodiment of this application will be described. Figure 5 The present invention provides a schematic diagram of a voltage equalization circuit, which specifically includes: a first switch 501, a fuse 502, a first resistor 503, a first bus 504, a second bus 505, and multiple battery clusters 506.

[0049] In this embodiment, the first switch 501 is connected to the fuse 502 and the first resistor 503 respectively. The fuse 502 is also connected to the first bus 504, and the first resistor 503 is also connected to the second bus 505. Each of the multiple battery clusters 506 is connected to the first bus 504 and the second bus 505 respectively.

[0050] Specifically, one end of the first switch 501 is connected to one end of the fuse 502, and the other end of the first switch 501 is connected to one end of the first resistor 503. The other end of the fuse 502 is connected to the first bus 504, and the other end of the first resistor 503 is connected to the second bus 505. The positive terminal of each of the multiple battery clusters 506 is connected to the first bus 504, and the negative terminal of each of the battery clusters 506 is connected to the second bus 505. The first bus 504 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage equalization circuit, and the second bus 505 is connected to the input terminal of the voltage equalization circuit.

[0051] In this embodiment, a second switch 507 is provided between the positive terminal of each battery cluster 506 and the first busbar 504, and a third switch 508 is provided between the negative terminal of each battery cluster 506 and the second busbar 505.

[0052] In this embodiment, the first switch 501 can be a high-voltage switch, such as a relay or circuit breaker, and the first resistor can be an adjustable resistor to adjust the magnitude of the equalization current during voltage equalization, thereby ensuring the safety of the equalization circuit.

[0053] Therefore, in the embodiments of this application, by removing the independent pre-charge circuit in each battery cluster, centralized voltage equalization among multiple battery clusters can be achieved by adding a first switch, fuse, and first resistor between the first and second busbars, thereby simplifying the hardware structure and reducing hardware costs. Simultaneously, the voltage equalization mechanism provided by this circuit can effectively control the equalization current during the equalization process, preventing overcurrent and abnormal conditions, and improving system operational safety.

[0054] Based on this, this application also proposes a voltage equalization method, which is suitable for... Figure 5 The voltage equalization circuit shown is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the method includes: S601: Determine the terminal voltage of each battery cluster in multiple battery clusters to obtain multiple terminal voltages.

[0055] In this embodiment, the terminal voltage of each battery cluster can be detected by the BMS to obtain multiple terminal voltages.

[0056] S602: Determine the difference between the largest and smallest terminal voltages among multiple terminal voltages.

[0057] In this embodiment, the BMS can sort the terminal voltages of each battery cluster from high to low, labeling them as V1-VN. Then, the difference ΔV = V1 - VN.

[0058] S603: Equalizes the voltage of multiple battery clusters based on the difference.

[0059] In this embodiment, the voltage of multiple battery clusters can be balanced using different methods based on the difference ΔV between the largest and smallest terminal voltages among multiple terminal voltages. Specifically, a maximum safe voltage difference (hereinafter referred to as the first voltage) can be predefined based on the actual usage scenario and requirements. Then, the difference ΔV is compared with the first voltage, and different methods are used for voltage balancing based on the comparison result, which will be explained below.

[0060] (1) The difference ΔV is greater than the first voltage.

[0061] In this embodiment, the voltage difference ΔV is greater than the first voltage, indicating a large voltage difference between different battery clusters. If all battery clusters are directly connected to the busbar simultaneously, it can easily lead to excessive circulating current, causing current surges and posing a safety hazard. Therefore, it is necessary to perform multiple equalization processes on the battery clusters to gradually bring their voltages closer together until the voltage difference ΔV is controlled within a safe range.

[0062] Specifically, the i-th equalization process includes: First, close the second and third switches corresponding to battery cluster Ai, and the second and third switches corresponding to battery cluster Bi, connecting battery clusters Ai and Bi to the first and second buses. Here, i is an integer greater than or equal to 1. When i=1, battery cluster A1 corresponds to the battery cluster with the largest terminal voltage, and battery cluster B1 corresponds to the battery cluster with the smallest terminal voltage. That is, in the first equalization process, the battery clusters corresponding to the largest and smallest terminal voltages are connected to the first and second buses.

[0063] Then, based on the difference Ci between the terminal voltages of battery cluster Ai and battery cluster Bi, and a preset safety balancing current value, the resistance value of the first resistor is adjusted. Specifically, the resistance value of the first resistor can be expressed by formula ①: ……..① Wherein, R1 is the resistance value of the first resistor, and Ia is the preset safety equalization current value. The value of Ia can be 5A, or it can be determined according to the actual use scenario. This application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0064] Then, the first switch is closed to equalize the voltages of battery clusters Ai and Bi. In this embodiment, the equalization time can be 10 minutes, or it can be determined by the actual usage scenario.

[0065] Then, the terminal voltage of each battery cluster Di is determined among the multiple battery clusters Di. In this embodiment, each battery cluster Di is a battery cluster that is not connected to the first bus and the second bus. For example, if in the first equalization process only the battery cluster corresponding to the largest terminal voltage and the battery cluster corresponding to the smallest terminal voltage are connected to the first bus and the second bus, then all the remaining battery clusters except the battery cluster corresponding to the largest terminal voltage and the battery cluster corresponding to the smallest terminal voltage are battery clusters Di.

[0066] Finally, the difference Gi between the maximum terminal voltage Ei and the minimum terminal voltage Fi among the multiple battery clusters Di is determined. If the difference Gi is greater than the first voltage, the battery cluster corresponding to the maximum terminal voltage Ei is designated as battery cluster Ai+1, and the battery cluster corresponding to the minimum terminal voltage Fi is designated as battery cluster Bi+1. The (i+1)th equalization process is performed until all battery clusters are connected to the first bus and the second bus. If the difference Gi is less than or equal to the first voltage, the second and third switches corresponding to each battery cluster Di are closed, so that the multiple battery clusters Di are connected to the first bus and the second bus.

[0067] In this embodiment, during the first equalization process, the terminal voltage of the battery clusters not connected to the first and second buses is measured again to redetermine the difference between the maximum and minimum terminal voltages. If the difference is still greater than the first voltage, the battery clusters corresponding to the maximum and minimum terminal voltages determined in this equalization process are connected to the first and second buses for the next equalization process. If the difference is less than or equal to the first voltage, the remaining battery clusters not connected to the first and second buses are connected to the first and second buses. This completes the connection of all battery clusters. After all battery clusters are connected, the first switch is disconnected, allowing all battery clusters to be connected to high voltage.

[0068] It should be noted that during each equalization process, if the equalization current flowing through the first switch remains greater than the preset safety threshold after the first switch is closed, and the equalization time exceeds the preset equalization time, then the first switch can be disconnected, and the battery clusters connected to the first and second buses in this equalization process can be disconnected, generating equalization fault information for reporting. The value of the first voltage can be 5V, or it can be determined according to the actual usage scenario; this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0069] (2) The difference ΔV is less than or equal to the first voltage.

[0070] In this embodiment, the voltage difference ΔV is less than or equal to the first voltage, indicating that the voltage difference between the individual battery clusters is within a safe range. At this time, the second and third switches corresponding to each of the multiple battery clusters can be closed, allowing the multiple battery clusters to be simultaneously connected to the first and second busbars without the need for gradual equalization.

[0071] Specifically, after multiple battery clusters are simultaneously connected to the first and second buses, the terminal voltages of each battery cluster will gradually converge. When the terminal voltage of each battery cluster is equal to the voltage between the input and output terminals of the voltage equalization circuit, the BMS can adjust the first resistor to a low-resistance mode, for example, setting the resistance to 1Ω, and simultaneously close the first switch. This controls the equalization current flowing through the first switch to be below a preset safe equalization current value, thus simultaneously equalizing the voltages of multiple battery clusters. This equalization time can be 10 minutes, or determined by the actual usage scenario. After equalization is complete, the first switch is disconnected, allowing all battery clusters to be supplied with high voltage.

[0072] As can be seen, the method of this application can determine the balancing sequence based on the voltage difference between each cluster, prioritizing balancing of clusters with large voltage differences, thus implementing a step-by-step balancing strategy and optimizing system voltage consistency before applying high voltage. By dynamically adjusting the adjustable resistor and balancing switch, the balancing current can be controlled within a safe range, improving the controllability and safety of the balancing process. When the inter-cluster voltage difference is small or balancing is complete, all clusters can be connected at once, achieving unified balancing management of the terminal voltages of multiple battery clusters. This eliminates the need to configure an independent pre-charge circuit in each battery cluster, simplifying the hardware structure and reducing hardware costs while ensuring system safety when applying high voltage.

[0073] The foregoing primarily describes the implementation scheme of this application from a methodological perspective. It is understood that, to achieve the above functions, the apparatus may include hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, based on the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in a hardware or computer software-driven hardware manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0074] The embodiments of this application can divide the device into functional units according to the above method examples. For example, each function can be divided into separate functional units, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software program module. It should be noted that the unit division in the embodiments of this application is illustrative and is only a logical functional division, while other division methods may be used in actual implementation.

[0075] When using integrated units, Figure 7This is a functional unit block diagram of a voltage equalization device proposed in an embodiment of this application. The voltage equalization device 700 includes a determination module 701 and an equalization module 702.

[0076] In this embodiment, the determination module 701 and the equalization module 702 can be module units used to receive and process signals, information, etc., or to determine monitoring mechanisms, and there are no specific limitations on them.

[0077] In this embodiment, the voltage equalization device 700 may further include a storage unit for storing computer program code or instructions executed by the voltage equalization device 700. The storage unit may be a memory.

[0078] In this embodiment, the voltage equalization device 700 can be a chip or a chip module.

[0079] In this embodiment, the determining module 701 and the equalization module 702 can be integrated into the communication unit. The communication unit can be a communication interface, transceiver, transceiver circuit, etc.

[0080] In this embodiment, the determination module 701 and the equalization module 702 can be integrated into the processing unit.

[0081] It should be noted that the processing unit can be a processor or controller, such as a baseband processor, baseband chip, central processing unit (CPU), general-purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, transistor logic device, hardware component, or any combination thereof. It can implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of this application. The processing unit can also be a combination that implements computational functions, such as including one or more microprocessor combinations, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, etc.

[0082] In this embodiment, the voltage equalization device 700 is used to perform any of the steps performed by network devices / chips / chip modules, etc., as described in the above method embodiments.

[0083] In specific implementation, the determining module 701 and the equalizing module 702 are used to perform any of the steps in the above method implementation, and when performing actions such as sending, other units can be selectively called to complete the corresponding operation. A detailed explanation follows.

[0084] The determination module 701 is used to determine the terminal voltage of each battery cluster in multiple battery clusters, obtain multiple terminal voltages, and determine the difference between the largest and smallest terminal voltages among the multiple terminal voltages. The equalization module 702 is used to equalize the voltage of the plurality of battery clusters based on the difference.

[0085] In this embodiment, regarding the voltage equalization of the plurality of battery clusters based on the difference, the equalization module 702 is specifically used for: If the difference is greater than a preset first voltage, the voltage of the multiple battery clusters is balanced multiple times. The i-th equalization process includes: Close the second and third switches corresponding to battery cluster Ai, and the second and third switches corresponding to battery cluster Bi, so that battery cluster Ai and battery cluster Bi are connected to the first bus and the second bus, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1. When i=1, battery cluster A1 is the battery cluster corresponding to the largest terminal voltage, and battery cluster B1 is the battery cluster corresponding to the smallest terminal voltage. Based on the difference Ci between the terminal voltage of battery cluster Ai and the terminal voltage of battery cluster Bi, and the preset safety equalization current value, the resistance value of the first resistor is adjusted. Close the first switch to equalize the voltages of the battery cluster Ai and the battery cluster Bi; Determine the terminal voltage of each battery cluster Di in a plurality of battery clusters Di, wherein each battery cluster Di is a battery cluster not connected to the first busbar and the second busbar; Determine the difference Gi between the maximum terminal voltage Ei and the minimum terminal voltage Fi among the terminal voltages of the plurality of battery clusters Di; If the difference Gi is greater than the first voltage, the battery cluster corresponding to the largest terminal voltage Ei is taken as battery cluster Ai+1, and the battery cluster corresponding to the smallest terminal voltage Fi is taken as battery cluster Bi+1. The (i+1)th equalization process is performed until all the battery clusters are connected to the first bus and the second bus. If the difference Gi is less than or equal to the first voltage, the second and third switches corresponding to each battery cluster Di will be closed, so that the multiple battery clusters Di are connected to the first bus and the second bus.

[0086] In this embodiment, regarding the voltage equalization of the plurality of battery clusters based on the difference, the equalization module 702 is specifically used for: If the difference is less than or equal to a preset first voltage, close the second and third switches corresponding to each of the plurality of battery clusters, so that the plurality of battery clusters are connected to the first busbar and the second busbar.

[0087] It should be noted that, Figure 7 The specific implementation of each operation in the implementation method can be found in the description of the method implementation method shown above, and will not be repeated here.

[0088] See Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. The electronic device 800 may include a processor 810, a memory 820, and a communication bus for connecting the processor 810 and the memory 820.

[0089] Optionally, the memory 820 may include, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM). The memory 820 is used to store program code executed by the electronic device 800 and data transmitted therefrom.

[0090] In this embodiment, the electronic device 800 also includes a communication interface for receiving and sending data.

[0091] In this embodiment, the electronic device 800 can be the terminal device, network device, reader, or A-IoT device described above.

[0092] In this embodiment, the processor 810 may be one or more CPUs. If the processor 810 is a CPU, the CPU may be a single-core CPU or a multi-core CPU.

[0093] In this embodiment, the processor 810 can be a baseband chip, a chip, a CPU, a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA, or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof.

[0094] In a specific implementation, the processor 810 in the electronic device 800 executes the computer program or instructions 821 stored in the memory 820 to perform the following operations: The terminal voltage of each battery cluster in multiple battery clusters is determined, resulting in multiple terminal voltages; Determine the difference between the largest and smallest terminal voltages among the plurality of terminal voltages; The voltages of the plurality of battery clusters are balanced based on the difference.

[0095] It should be noted that, Figure 8 The specific implementation of each operation in the above-described method implementation can be found in the description of the method implementation, and will not be repeated here.

[0096] This application also provides a computer storage medium storing a computer program for electronic data interchange, which causes a computer to perform some or all of the steps of any of the methods described in the above method embodiments, wherein the computer includes an electronic device.

[0097] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program operable to cause a computer to perform some or all of the steps of any of the methods described in the above method embodiments. The computer program product may be a software installation package, and the computer may include an electronic device.

[0098] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the various embodiments described above are all presented as a series of actions. Those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited by the described order of actions, as some steps in the embodiments of this application can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions, steps, modules, or units involved are not necessarily essential to the embodiments of this application.

[0099] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment in this application have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0100] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in this application can be implemented in hardware or by a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions can consist of corresponding software modules, which can be stored in RAM, flash memory, ROM, EPROM, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, portable hard disk, read-only optical disk (CD-ROM), or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. Furthermore, the ASIC can reside in a terminal device or management device. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can exist as discrete components in the terminal device or management device.

[0101] Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in one or more of the examples above, the functions described in the embodiments of this application can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. This computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When these computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available media can be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., digital video discs (DVDs)), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state disks (SSDs)).

[0102] The modules / units included in the various devices and products described in the above embodiments can be software modules / units, hardware modules / units, or a combination of both. For example, for devices and products applied to or integrated into a chip, all modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits, or at least some modules / units can be implemented using software programs that run on a processor integrated within the chip, while the remaining (if any) modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. For devices and products applied to or integrated into a chip module, all modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. Different modules / units can be located in the same component (e.g., chip, circuit module, etc.) or different components of the chip module, or at least some modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. The implementation is achieved through a software program that runs on the processor integrated within the chip module. The remaining modules / units (if any) can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. For various devices and products applied to or integrated into terminal equipment, each of their modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. Different modules / units can be located in the same component (e.g., chip, circuit module, etc.) or different components within the terminal equipment. Alternatively, at least some modules / units can be implemented through a software program that runs on the processor integrated within the terminal equipment, while the remaining modules / units (if any) can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits.

[0103] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made on the basis of the technical solution of the embodiments of this application should be included within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A voltage equalization circuit, characterized in that, The voltage equalization includes: The system comprises a first switch, a fuse, a first resistor, a first busbar, a second busbar, and multiple battery clusters. The first switch is connected to both the fuse and the first resistor. The fuse is connected to the first busbar; The first resistor is connected to the second busbar; Each of the plurality of battery clusters is connected to the first busbar and the second busbar respectively; The first bus is connected to the output terminal of the voltage equalization circuit, and the second bus is connected to the input terminal of the voltage equalization circuit. in, A second switch is provided on the path connecting each battery cluster to the first busbar, and a third switch is provided on the path connecting each battery cluster to the second busbar.

2. The voltage equalization circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the first switch is connected to one end of the fuse, and the other end of the first switch is connected to one end of the first resistor; The other end of the fuse is connected to the first busbar; The other end of the first resistor is connected to the second busbar; One electrode of each of the plurality of battery clusters is connected to the first busbar, and the other electrode of each of the battery clusters is connected to the second busbar.

3. The voltage equalization circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The positive terminal of each battery cluster is connected to the first busbar, and the negative terminal of each battery cluster is connected to the first busbar.

4. The voltage equalization circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first switch is a relay or a circuit breaker.

5. The voltage equalization circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first resistor is an adjustable resistor.

6. A voltage equalization method, characterized in that, The voltage equalization method is applied to the voltage equalization circuit according to any one of claims 1-4, and the voltage equalization method includes: The terminal voltage of each battery cluster in multiple battery clusters is determined, resulting in multiple terminal voltages; Calculate the difference between the largest and smallest terminal voltages among the plurality of terminal voltages; The voltages of the plurality of battery clusters are balanced based on the difference.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The voltage equalization of the plurality of battery clusters based on the difference includes: If the difference is greater than a preset first voltage, the voltage of the multiple battery clusters is balanced multiple times. The i-th equalization process includes: Close the second and third switches corresponding to battery cluster Ai, and the second and third switches corresponding to battery cluster Bi, so that battery cluster Ai and battery cluster Bi are connected to the first bus and the second bus, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1. When i=1, battery cluster A1 is the battery cluster corresponding to the largest terminal voltage, and battery cluster B1 is the battery cluster corresponding to the smallest terminal voltage. Based on the difference Ci between the terminal voltage of battery cluster Ai and the terminal voltage of battery cluster Bi, and the preset safety equalization current value, the resistance value of the first resistor is adjusted. Close the first switch to equalize the voltages of the battery cluster Ai and the battery cluster Bi; Determine the terminal voltage of each battery cluster Di in a plurality of battery clusters Di, wherein each battery cluster Di is a battery cluster not connected to the first busbar and the second busbar; Determine the difference Gi between the maximum terminal voltage Ei and the minimum terminal voltage Fi among the terminal voltages of the plurality of battery clusters Di; If the difference Gi is greater than the first voltage, the battery cluster corresponding to the largest terminal voltage Ei is taken as battery cluster Ai+1, and the battery cluster corresponding to the smallest terminal voltage Fi is taken as battery cluster Bi+1. The (i+1)th equalization process is performed until all the battery clusters are connected to the first bus and the second bus. If the difference Gi is less than or equal to the first voltage, the second and third switches corresponding to each battery cluster Di will be closed, so that the multiple battery clusters Di are connected to the first bus and the second bus.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The voltage equalization of the plurality of battery clusters based on the difference includes: If the difference is less than or equal to a preset first voltage, close the second and third switches corresponding to each of the plurality of battery clusters, so that the plurality of battery clusters are connected to the first busbar and the second busbar.

9. A voltage equalization device, characterized in that, The voltage equalization device is applied to the voltage equalization circuit according to any one of claims 1-4, and the voltage equalization device comprises: The determination module is used to determine the terminal voltage of each battery cluster in multiple battery clusters, obtain multiple terminal voltages, and determine the difference between the largest and smallest terminal voltages among the multiple terminal voltages. An equalization module is used to equalize the voltage of the plurality of battery clusters based on the difference.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, The system includes a memory and a processor, the memory being used to store a computer program, the computer program including program instructions, and the processor being configured to invoke the program instructions to perform the method as described in any one of claims 6-8.

11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that is executed by a processor to implement the method as described in any one of claims 6-8.

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