Swing type spherical surface grinding device and using method

Abstract

The invention provides a swing type spherical surface grinding device and a using method. The swing type spherical surface grinding device comprises a support, a spherical outer shell is fixed to the support, a spherical inner shell is sleeved with the spherical outer shell, and the inner spherical surface of the spherical outer shell and the outer spherical surface of the spherical inner shell are rotationally matched through a spherical surface; a tool clamp used for clamping a workpiece is arranged in the spherical inner shell in a sleeved mode. The spherical inner shell is connected with the box body, a rotary driving assembly is arranged in the box body, and an output shaft of the rotary driving assembly is connected with the tool clamp; the box body is connected with the swinging mechanism; a grinding head is arranged above the tool clamp, is matched with a to-be-ground spherical surface of a workpiece, and is connected with a lifting mechanism; according to the swing type spherical surface grinding device and the using method, the spherical surface outer shell, the spherical surface inner shell and the to-be-ground spherical surface of a workpiece clamped by the tool clamp have the same sphere center, a three-point concentric structure is adopted, the sphere center is kept unchanged when the workpiece rotates and swings for grinding, and the grinding precision can be guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precision grinding machinery technology, and in particular to a swing-type spherical grinding device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] As industrial manufacturing moves towards higher precision and efficiency, precision manufacturing, as a bridge connecting basic materials science and end-use applications, profoundly influences the global manufacturing landscape through its development and technological breakthroughs. Precision manufacturing technology not only determines the processing quality of precision parts but also becomes a core competitive advantage for a nation's independent control over high-end equipment.

[0003] Precision manufacturing aims for machining accuracy at the micron or even nanometer level, and its applications range from aerospace to consumer electronics, impacting the performance and quality of industrial products. Precision grinding technology, as a key component of precision manufacturing, can achieve extremely high surface roughness and geometric precision, and is becoming one of the main methods for finishing ultra-precision parts.

[0004] Precision spherical grinding, as one of the directions of precision grinding, is increasingly widely used in the processing of bearings, optical instruments, pump and valve parts, and other fields. Traditional spherical grinding methods currently mainly rely on manual operation or semi-automated equipment, but both have the following drawbacks: 1. Low processing efficiency. Manual grinding requires repeated adjustments to the workpiece angle and grinding pressure, resulting in long grinding times for a single piece, making it difficult to meet the needs of mass production. 2. Poor consistency in precision. Semi-automated equipment's workpiece positioning and rotation stability can easily cause fluctuations in parameters such as spherical diameter and roughness, affecting the surface grinding quality of the parts. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a swing-type spherical grinding device and its usage method, which is mainly used for grinding and repairing the spherical surface of a workpiece. The automatic grinding method can improve the consistency of the precision of the spherical surface to be ground and the grinding efficiency.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is: A swing-type spherical grinding device includes a support, on which a spherical outer shell is fixed, and a spherical inner shell is fitted inside the spherical outer shell. The spherical surface of the inner shell and the spherical surface of the outer shell are rotatably engaged. A tooling fixture for holding the workpiece is provided inside the spherical inner shell. The aforementioned spherical inner shell is connected to the housing, and the housing is provided with a rotary drive assembly. The output shaft of the rotary drive assembly is connected to the aforementioned tooling fixture. The output shaft drives the tooling fixture to rotate within the spherical inner shell around the axis of the center of the spherical surface to be ground. The aforementioned housing is connected to a swing mechanism, and the aforementioned swing mechanism pushes the aforementioned tooling fixture and the aforementioned spherical inner shell to swing synchronously relative to the aforementioned spherical outer shell at a certain angle. The above-mentioned tooling fixture is equipped with a grinding head, which is adapted to the spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground. The grinding head is connected to a lifting mechanism, which is used to drive the grinding head to rise and fall to grind the spherical surface of the workpiece. The aforementioned spherical outer shell, the aforementioned spherical inner shell, and the spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece all have the same center point; the central axis of the aforementioned grinding head passes through the center point of the spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece.

[0007] The grinding head is detachably connected to the output shaft of motor I, and motor I is connected to the moving end of the lifting mechanism.

[0008] The aforementioned lifting mechanism is either a ball screw mechanism I or a cylinder I; when the aforementioned lifting mechanism is a ball screw mechanism I, the screw of the ball screw mechanism I is mounted on the aforementioned bracket, and the moving part I of the ball screw mechanism I is connected to the aforementioned motor I; when the lifting mechanism is a cylinder I, the piston rod of the cylinder I is connected to the aforementioned motor I.

[0009] When the above-mentioned lifting mechanism is a ball screw mechanism I, the ball nut I of the ball screw mechanism I is connected to the slide plate seat through a spring, and the slide plate seat is connected to the motor I; when the above-mentioned lifting mechanism is a cylinder I, the piston rod of the cylinder I is fixedly connected to the spring pressure seat, and the spring pressure seat is connected to the motor I through a sliding assembly.

[0010] The aforementioned spherical outer shell is fixed within the first through hole opened on the aforementioned bracket. The inner side of the aforementioned spherical outer shell is provided with a spherical groove, which is the inner spherical surface of the spherical outer shell. The outer side of the aforementioned spherical inner shell is an outer spherical surface adapted to the inner spherical surface of the aforementioned spherical outer shell. The interior of the aforementioned spherical inner shell is provided with a second through hole. A bushing is fitted and fixed within the aforementioned second through hole. The bushing is provided with a tooling fixture for clamping the workpiece. The lower end of the bushing is connected to the aforementioned housing.

[0011] The aforementioned grinding head is a cylindrical grinding head or an inner spherical grinding head. The cylindrical grinding head is adapted to the inner or outer spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground, and the central axis of the cylindrical grinding head passes through the center of the spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground.

[0012] The aforementioned rotary drive assembly includes a gearbox located inside the housing. The output shaft of the gearbox is detachably connected to the aforementioned tooling fixture. The input shaft of the gearbox is connected to the output shaft of motor II. Motor II is fixed to the housing.

[0013] The aforementioned swing mechanism is either a ball screw mechanism II or a cylinder II. When the aforementioned swing mechanism is a ball screw mechanism II, the screw of the ball screw mechanism II is mounted on the aforementioned bracket, and the moving part II of the ball screw mechanism II is connected to the aforementioned housing through a connecting part. When the aforementioned swing mechanism is a cylinder II, the housing of the cylinder II is fixed on the aforementioned bracket, and the piston rod of the cylinder II is connected to the aforementioned housing.

[0014] A swing-type spherical grinding device further includes an electrical control module, which includes a main controller and a control switch. The main controller is electrically connected to the drive components of the rotary drive assembly, the swing mechanism, and the lifting mechanism, respectively. The control switch is electrically connected to the main controller and is used to control the opening and closing of the drive components of the rotary drive assembly, the swing mechanism, and the lifting mechanism, respectively.

[0015] A method of using a oscillating spherical grinding device, applicable to the aforementioned oscillating spherical grinding device, includes the following steps: S1. Select a tooling fixture according to the spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground, connect the selected tooling fixture to the output shaft of the rotary drive assembly, and clamp the workpiece to be ground onto the tooling fixture. S2. Select a suitable grinding head according to the diameter of the spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece, and detachably connect the grinding head to the moving end of the lifting mechanism. S3. Start the above-mentioned lifting mechanism. The above-mentioned lifting mechanism drives the above-mentioned grinding head to rise and fall synchronously. When the above-mentioned grinding head contacts the workpiece to be ground spherical surface, the above-mentioned lifting mechanism stops descending. S4. Start the above-mentioned rotary drive assembly, which drives the above-mentioned tooling fixture and workpiece to rotate synchronously. S5. Determine the preset swing angle of the above swing mechanism according to the diameter of the spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece; start the above swing mechanism, the above swing mechanism pushes the above tooling fixture and the above spherical inner shell to swing synchronously relative to the above spherical outer shell to the above preset swing angle, and the above grinding head grinds the spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece; S6. After the spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground is ground, all mechanisms are reset.

[0016] Step S5 above also includes the following steps: If the above-mentioned swing mechanism is a ball screw mechanism II, then the preset reciprocating swing angle of the swing mechanism and whether continuous reciprocating swing is required are determined according to the ball diameter of the spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece. If continuous reciprocating swing is required, the swing mechanism pushes the tooling fixture and the inner shell of the spherical surface to swing synchronously relative to the outer shell of the spherical surface to the preset swing angle and then stops swinging. If continuous reciprocating swing is not required, the swing mechanism pushes the tooling fixture and the inner shell of the spherical surface to swing continuously relative to the outer shell of the spherical surface according to the preset reciprocating swing angle.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides a swing-type spherical grinding device. The inner spherical surface of the outer shell and the outer spherical surface of the inner shell are fitted together by spherical rotation, and their centers are the same. The inner shell can rotate around its center within the outer shell, and the center remains constant during rotation. A fixture is provided inside the inner shell, clamping the workpiece so that the spherical surface to be ground and the inner shell have the same center. Because the fixture is fixed inside the inner shell, its rotation causes the fixture and workpiece to rotate synchronously. The three-point concentric structure ensures that the center of the workpiece remains constant during swinging and rotating grinding. Simultaneously, the central axis of the grinding head passes through the center of the spherical surface to be ground, ensuring that the grinding head always rotates around the center during grinding, thus achieving precision grinding of the spherical cavity.

[0018] The present invention provides an oscillating spherical grinding device. During the grinding process of the spherical surface to be ground, the oscillating mechanism pushes the tooling fixture and the inner shell of the spherical surface to oscillate synchronously relative to the outer shell of the spherical surface at a certain angle. This angle is adjusted according to the area of ​​the spherical surface to be ground. The rotation drive component is activated to drive the tooling fixture to rotate, so that the grinding head can uniformly grind the spherical surface to be ground in 360° all space.

[0019] The present invention provides an oscillating spherical grinding device, which adopts an automatic grinding method, has high grinding efficiency, and produces parts with good precision consistency after grinding, making it suitable for mass production. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the oscillating spherical grinding device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a rear view structural schematic diagram of the swing-type spherical grinding device provided in Example 1.

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the AA section structure.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the fit between the spherical outer shell and the spherical inner shell.

[0024] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a partial cross-section of section I.

[0025] Figure 6 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a partial cross-section of section II.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the electronic control module in Example 1.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the oscillating spherical grinding device provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a front view schematic diagram of the oscillating spherical grinding device provided in Example 2.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the adjusting screw and the swing connector in Example 2.

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in Example 2 where the ball nut I is connected to the slide block via a spring.

[0031] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the electronic control module in Example 2.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Bracket; 101. Support plate; 2. Spherical outer shell; 3. Spherical inner shell; 4. Bushing; 5. Housing; 6. Tooling fixture; 7. Grinding head; 8. Chuck; 9. Motor I; 10. Motor II; 11. Cylinder I; 12. Spring pressure seat; 13. Slider I; 14. Slide groove I; 15. Spring; 16. Sliding seat; 161. Ear plate; 17. Guide rail; 18. Guide sleeve; 19. Cylinder II; 20. Adjusting screw; 21. Motor III; 22. Support base; 23. Ball nut I; 24. Mounting plate; 25. Slide plate seat; 26. Swing connector; 27. Motor IV. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following is combined Figures 1 to 12 The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. Example 1

[0034] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a swing-type spherical grinding device, such as Figures 1-3As shown, the system includes a support 1, on which a spherical outer shell 2 is fixed. A spherical inner shell 3 is fitted inside the spherical outer shell 2, with the inner spherical surface of the outer shell 2 and the outer spherical surface of the inner shell 3 rotating in conjunction. The spherical outer shell 2 and the inner shell 3 have the same center of gravity. The inner shell 3 can rotate freely within the spherical outer shell 2, and its center of gravity remains unchanged during rotation. A bushing 4 is fitted and fixed inside the inner shell 3, with its lower end connected to a housing 5. A fixture 6 for clamping the workpiece is provided inside the bushing 4. The spherical surface to be ground, clamped within the fixture 6, has the same center of gravity as the spherical outer shell 2 and the inner shell 3. A rotary drive assembly is provided inside the housing 5, with its output shaft connected to the fixture 6. The output shaft of the rotary drive assembly drives the fixture 6 to rotate within the inner shell 3 around the axis of the center of the spherical surface to be ground. The housing 5 is connected to the swing mechanism. The swing mechanism pushes the tooling fixture 6 and the spherical inner shell 3 to swing synchronously relative to the spherical outer shell 2 at a certain angle. During the swing, the workpiece clamped in the tooling fixture 6 always swings around the center of the spherical surface to be ground.

[0035] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the spherical outer shell 2 and the spherical inner shell 3 can be selected from existing spherical sliding bearings. When an existing spherical sliding bearing is selected, the outer ring of the spherical sliding bearing is the spherical outer shell 2, and the inner ring of the spherical sliding bearing is the spherical inner shell 3. A support plate 101 is fixed on the bracket 1, and a first through hole is provided on the support plate 101. The outer ring of the spherical sliding bearing passes through the first through hole and is snapped onto the bracket 1 by a clamping plate. A bushing 4 is fitted and fixed inside the inner ring of the spherical sliding bearing. The spherical outer shell 2 and the spherical inner shell 3 can also be machined by themselves. The structure after self-machining is basically the same as the structure of the spherical sliding bearing. The inner side of the spherical outer shell 2 is provided with a spherical groove, which is the inner spherical surface of the spherical outer shell 2; the outer side of the spherical inner shell 3 is an outer spherical surface adapted to the inner spherical surface of the spherical outer shell 2; a bushing 4 is fitted and fixed inside the second through hole of the spherical inner shell 3; as shown Figure 4 The diagram shown illustrates the fit between the spherical outer shell and the spherical inner shell.

[0036] A grinding head 7 is provided above the tooling fixture 6. The grinding head 7 is adapted to the spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground. A support rod is fixed to the upper end of the grinding head 7. The support rod is detachably connected to the lower end of the chuck 8. The upper end of the chuck 8 is detachably connected to the output shaft of the motor I 9. There are many ways to detach the connection. In this embodiment, the support rod is threaded to the lower end of the chuck 8, and the upper end of the chuck 8 is detachably connected to the output shaft of the motor I 9.

[0037] A fixture 6 is provided inside the spherical inner shell 3. After the fixture 6 clamps the workpiece, the spherical surface to be ground and the spherical inner shell 3 have the same center. Since the fixture 6 is fixed inside the spherical inner shell 3, when the spherical inner shell 3 rotates, it will drive the fixture 6 and the workpiece to rotate synchronously. The spherical outer shell 2, the spherical inner shell 3, and the spherical surface to be ground all have the same center. The three-point concentric structure ensures that the center of the workpiece remains unchanged during rotational grinding. At the same time, the central axis of the grinding head 7 passes through the center of the spherical surface to be ground, so that the grinding head 7 always rotates around the center of the sphere during the grinding process. That is, the grinding head 7 always moves around the surface of the spherical cavity, thereby achieving the purpose of precision grinding of the spherical cavity.

[0038] It should be noted that even if the grinding head 7 is not connected to the motor I9, i.e., the grinding head 7 does not rotate, grinding of the spherical surface of the workpiece can be achieved as long as the workpiece swings at a certain angle and rotates relative to the grinding head 7. However, in this embodiment, it is preferable to connect the grinding head 7 to the motor I9, i.e., to use the rotating grinding head 7 to grind the rotating workpiece. When the grinding head 7 is not connected to the motor I9, the moving end of the lifting mechanism is directly connected to the grinding head 7, and the lifting mechanism drives the grinding head 7 to rise and fall, grinding the spherical surface of the workpiece; when the grinding head 7 is connected to the motor I9, the moving end of the lifting mechanism is connected to the motor I9, and the lifting mechanism drives the motor I9 and the grinding head 7 to rise and fall synchronously, grinding the spherical surface of the workpiece.

[0039] The structure of the rotary drive assembly can be selected according to actual conditions. In this embodiment, the rotary drive assembly includes a gearbox located inside the housing 5. The output shaft of the gearbox is detachably connected to the tooling fixture 6. The detachable connection method can be that the tooling fixture 6 is fixed to the output shaft of the gearbox with bolts. The input shaft of the gearbox is connected to the output shaft of motor II 10, and motor II 10 is fixed to the housing 5. In use, motor II 10 is started, and the output shaft of motor II 10 drives the input shaft of the gearbox to rotate, which in turn drives the tooling fixture 6 to rotate circumferentially.

[0040] The structures of the lifting mechanism and the swing mechanism can be selected according to the actual situation. For example, the lifting mechanism can be a ball screw mechanism I or a cylinder I structure, and the swing mechanism can be a ball screw mechanism II or a cylinder II structure. In this embodiment, the lifting mechanism is a cylinder I11 structure. The cylinder barrel of cylinder I11 is connected to the bracket 1. The piston rod of cylinder I11 is fixedly connected to the spring pressure seat 12. The spring pressure seat 12 is connected to the motor I9 through a sliding assembly. A slider I13 is fixed to the upper end of the motor I9. A sliding groove I14 is opened in the spring pressure seat 12. The slider I13 slides up and down in the sliding groove I14. A spring 15 is provided between the spring pressure seat 12 and the upper end of the motor I9. The housing of the motor I9 is ​​connected to the bracket 1 through a guide assembly. The guiding assembly includes a sliding seat 16, which is fixed to the lower end of the motor I9. A lug 161 is fixed to each of the left and right sides of the sliding seat 16. A guide rail 17 is provided through the middle of each lug 161. The two guide rails 17 are placed parallel to each other, and their upper ends are fixed to the bracket 1. The central axes of both guide rails 17 are parallel to the central axis of the grinding head 7. A guide sleeve 18 is fitted onto the outer side of each guide rail 17, and the guide sleeve 18 is fixed within a third through hole in the middle of the lug 161. Figure 5 The diagram shows the guide sleeve 18 fitted onto the outside of the guide rail 17. When the lifting mechanism drives the motor I9 to lift, the sliding seat 16 will slide up and down along the guide rail 17. In this embodiment, the swing mechanism is a cylinder II 19 structure. The cylinder barrel of cylinder II 19 is hinged to the bracket 1, and the piston rod of cylinder II 19 is connected to the housing 5 through the hinge bracket.

[0041] It should be noted that the purpose of setting the spring pressure seat 12 and the spring 15 inside the spring pressure seat 12 is to ensure that the cylinder I 11 descends at a relatively fast speed. In this embodiment, the cylinder I 11 is mechanically limited, and its speed slows down when the grinding head 7 immediately contacts the workpiece to be ground. However, to further reduce the impact force of the grinding head 7 and allow it to flexibly press the workpiece, a spring 15 is provided between the spring pressure seat 12 and the upper end of the motor I 9. The spring 15 can buffer the impact force of the cylinder I 11. At the same time, since the spring 15 is compressible, the grinding head 7 will flexibly press the workpiece during the workpiece rotation grinding. Figure 6 The diagram shows a structure in which a spring 15 is provided between the motor I9 and the spring pressure seat 12.

[0042] In this embodiment, a suitable grinding head 7 is selected according to the spherical surface to be ground. When the spherical surface to be ground is an inner spherical surface, the grinding head 7 is preferably a cylindrical grinding head. The outer diameter of the cylindrical grinding head is adapted to the inner spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground, and the central axis of the cylindrical grinding head passes through the center of the spherical surface to be ground. When the spherical surface to be ground is an outer spherical surface, the grinding head 7 is preferably an inner spherical grinding head. The inner diameter of the inner spherical grinding head is adapted to the outer spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground, and the central axis of the inner spherical grinding head passes through the center of the spherical surface to be ground. A support rod is fixed to the upper end of the grinding head 7. The support rod is detachably connected to the lower end of the chuck 8, and the upper end of the chuck 8 is threadedly connected to the output shaft of the motor I9.

[0043] The oscillating spherical grinding device provided in this embodiment also includes an electronic control module. Figure 7 This diagram illustrates the connection relationship of the electrical control module in this embodiment. The electrical control module includes a main controller and a control switch. The main controller is electrically connected to the drive components of the rotary drive assembly, the swing mechanism, and the lifting mechanism. In this embodiment, the drive component of the rotary drive assembly is motor II 10, the drive component of the lifting mechanism is cylinder I 11, and the drive component of the swing mechanism is cylinder II 19. The main controller is connected to motor II 10, cylinder I 11, and cylinder II 19, and is also electrically connected to motor I 9 and the control switch. The control switch is used to control the starting and stopping of motor II 10, motor I 9, cylinder I 11, and cylinder II 19, respectively. In this embodiment, the main controller and the control switch are placed inside a control box, which can be fixed on bracket 1 or in other locations as needed.

[0044] Specifically, in use, the tooling fixture 6 is first threaded onto the output shaft of the rotary drive assembly. Then, the lifting mechanism is activated, and the piston rod of cylinder I11 pushes the spring pressure seat 12 and motor I9 to descend synchronously. When the grinding head 7 contacts the workpiece's spherical surface to be ground, cylinder I11 stops descending. At this point, the grinding head 7 will flexibly press the workpiece under the action of spring 15. Then, motor II10 of the rotary drive assembly is activated, and motor II10 drives the tooling fixture 6 to rotate circumferentially through the gearbox. Next, the swing mechanism is activated. The preset swing angle of the swing mechanism is determined to be angle 'a' based on the diameter of the spherical surface to be ground. The driving component of the swing mechanism, cylinder II19, is activated. The piston rod of cylinder II19 pushes the housing 5, and the housing 5, through the bushing 4, drives the inner spherical shell 3 to swing to angle 'a' within the outer spherical shell 2. Simultaneously, the swinging of the bushing 4 will cause the tooling fixture 6 inside it to swing synchronously to angle 'a'. Finally, start motor I9. Motor I9 drives the grinding head 7 to rotate. The rotating grinding head 7 grinds the rotating workpiece. The workpiece and the grinding head 7 can rotate in the same direction or opposite direction, depending on the specific application. After grinding the spherical surface of the workpiece, reset all mechanisms.

[0045] For parts in the same batch with the same grinding requirements, the tooling fixture generally only needs to be changed once. When using them later, the workpiece can be clamped onto the tooling fixture. Therefore, when completing batch grinding, the tooling fixture needs to be changed frequently, and the grinding efficiency is high. When the model of the part to be ground is changed, only the tooling fixture needs to be changed, which is simple and convenient to operate. Example 2

[0046] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment, the lifting mechanism is ball screw mechanism I, and the swing mechanism is ball screw mechanism II. Figures 8-9 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the overall structure of the oscillating spherical grinding device provided in this embodiment. The ball screw mechanism I is a common feed structure in the prior art; its specific structure and feed principle will not be described in detail here. The lead screw of the ball screw mechanism I is mounted on the support base 22, and the lead screw of the ball screw mechanism I is connected to the output shaft of the motor III 21. The support base 22 is fixed on the bracket 1. The moving part of the ball screw mechanism I is the ball nut I 23, which is connected to the mounting plate 24 via the slide block 25. In this embodiment, the grinding head 7 is connected to the motor I 9, i.e., the motor I 9 is mounted on the mounting plate 24.

[0047] Because the ball screw mechanism descends at a slower speed than the cylinder, a flexible clamping spring 15 can be optionally installed between the ball nut I23 and the slide plate 25. If the spring 15 is installed, the ball nut I23 is connected to the slide plate 25 via the flexible spring. With the spring 15 installed between the ball nut I23 and the slide plate 25, pushing the motor I9 and the mounting plate 24 upwards by hand will allow the motor I9 to slide upwards a certain distance. The spring 15 allows the grinding head 7 to flexibly press against the workpiece.

[0048] In this embodiment, the swing mechanism is a ball screw mechanism II. The ball screw mechanism II is a through-type screw stepper motor assembly. In this assembly, the motor and the ball nut are integrated, meaning that when the screw rotates, the motor and the ball nut move up and down together. Since the motor and ball nut are integrated in this embodiment, the moving part II is the assembly of motor IV27 and ball nut II. For simplicity, the moving part II is referred to as motor IV27. Specifically, the upper end of the screw of the ball screw mechanism II is hinged to the bracket 1 via a ball head bearing. The motor IV27 of the ball screw mechanism II is connected to the housing 5 via a swing connector 26, which is fixed to the housing 5. When the motor IV27 of the ball screw mechanism II drives the screw to rotate, the motor IV27 and the ball nut II assembly move up and down synchronously along the screw. The motor IV27 drives the housing 5 to swing at a certain angle via the swing connector 26.

[0049] In this embodiment, the oscillating mechanism is a ball screw mechanism II. Ball screw mechanism II can achieve reciprocating oscillation. Specifically, the motor IV 27 of ball screw mechanism II drives the housing 5 to oscillate back and forth at a certain angle via the oscillating connector 26. The housing 5 drives the internal rotary drive assembly, which in turn drives the tooling fixture and workpiece to oscillate back and forth synchronously at a certain angle. Simultaneously, because the ball nut II has a relatively long stroke along the screw, ball screw mechanism II can drive the workpiece to oscillate at a larger angle. In specific operations, continuous reciprocating oscillation can be selected depending on the situation. That is, in this embodiment, the oscillating mechanism has two operating modes: 1. The motor IV 27 drives the housing 5 and the workpiece to oscillate to a certain angle via the oscillating connector 26, then stops oscillating. Subsequently, the rotary drive assembly drives the workpiece to rotate, achieving rotary grinding; 2. The motor IV 27 drives the housing 5 and the workpiece to continuously oscillate back and forth via the oscillating connector 26. During continuous reciprocating oscillation, the rotary drive assembly also drives the workpiece to rotate, achieving rotary grinding.

[0050] It should be noted that an adjusting screw 20 is threaded onto the swing connector 26. The adjusting screw 20 contacts the support rod at the lower end of the tooling fixture 6. By finely adjusting the adjusting screw 20, the height of the center of the ball in the tooling fixture 6 can be adjusted, achieving concentricity of the spherical outer shell 2, the spherical inner shell 3, and the spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece. Figure 10 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the connection between the adjusting screw 20 and the swing connector 26.

[0051] Specifically, in this embodiment, during use, the tooling fixture 6 is first threaded onto the output shaft of the rotary drive assembly. Then, the lifting mechanism is activated. The moving part I of the ball screw mechanism I is the ball nut I23. The screw of the ball screw mechanism I drives the ball nut I23 to move up and down. The ball nut I23 is connected to the slide plate 25 via a spring 15. The ball nut I23 drives the spring 15 and the slide plate 25 to move. The slide plate 25 drives the mounting plate 24 fixed to it to slide up and down. The mounting plate 24 drives the motor I9 to move up and down. The motor I9 drives the grinding head 7 to move downwards to contact the spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground. A spring 15 is placed between the motor I9 and the ball nut I23. By pushing the motor I9 and the mounting plate 24 upwards by hand, the motor I9 can slide upwards a certain distance. The spring 15 allows the grinding head 7 to flexibly press against the workpiece. Figure 11 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the connection between the ball nut I23 and the slide block 25 via the spring 15.

[0052] Then, start the motor II10 of the rotary drive assembly. The output shaft of the motor II10 drives the tooling fixture 6 to rotate circumferentially through the gearbox. The tooling fixture 6 drives the clamped workpiece to rotate around the axis of the center of the spherical surface to be ground inside the spherical inner shell 3.

[0053] Then, the motor IV27 of the swing mechanism is started. When motor IV27 drives the lead screw to rotate, motor IV27 and ball nut II move up and down along the lead screw. At the same time, motor IV27 and ball nut II move up and down, and drive housing 5 to swing to a preset swing angle through swing connector 26. The preset swing angle is recorded as angle a. Housing 5 drives spherical inner shell 3 to swing to angle a within spherical outer shell 2 through bushing 4. At the same time, when bushing 4 swings, it will drive the tooling fixture 6 inside it to swing synchronously to angle a. Since the swing mechanism is ball screw mechanism II, a through-type lead screw stepper motor combination is selected for ball screw mechanism II. In the through-type lead screw stepper motor combination, the motor and ball nut are integrated into one unit. That is, when the lead screw rotates, the motor and ball nut are integrated into one unit and move up and down together.

[0054] When motor IV27 moves upward or downward, it will drive housing 5 to swing back and forth at a certain angle through swing connector 26. Housing 5 will drive spherical inner shell 3 to swing to the left or right relative to spherical outer shell 2 at a certain angle through bushing 4. Spherical inner shell 3 will drive tooling fixture and workpiece to swing synchronously at a certain angle. Then, fine-tune adjusting screw 20 to adjust the height of the center of the ball of tooling fixture 6, so as to achieve concentricity of spherical outer shell 2, spherical inner shell 3 and workpiece to be ground spherical surface.

[0055] Since the swing mechanism in this embodiment is a ball screw mechanism II, the preset reciprocating swing angle of the swing mechanism and whether continuous reciprocating swing is required are determined according to the diameter of the spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece. In this embodiment, the preset reciprocating swing angle is set to angle b and angle -b. If continuous reciprocating swing is not required, the swing mechanism pushes the tooling fixture and the inner shell of the spherical surface to swing synchronously relative to the outer shell of the spherical surface to the preset swing angle a and then stops swinging. If continuous reciprocating swing is required, the swing mechanism pushes the tooling fixture and the inner shell of the spherical surface to swing continuously relative to the outer shell of the spherical surface according to the preset reciprocating swing angle, that is, to swing continuously between angle b and angle -b.

[0056] Finally, start motor I9. Motor I9 drives the grinding head 7 to rotate. The rotating grinding head 7 grinds the rotating workpiece. The rotation direction of the workpiece and the grinding head 7 can be the same or opposite, depending on the specific usage. After grinding the spherical surface of the workpiece, all mechanisms can be reset.

[0057] The swing-type spherical grinding device provided in this embodiment adopts an automatic grinding method. When completing batch grinding, the tooling fixture replacement frequency is low, the grinding efficiency is high, and the precision consistency of the ground parts is good, making it suitable for mass production.

[0058] The oscillating spherical grinding device provided in this embodiment also includes an electronic control module. Figure 12This diagram illustrates the connection relationship of the electrical control module in this embodiment. The electrical control module includes a main controller and a control switch. The main controller is electrically connected to the drive components of the rotary drive assembly, the swing mechanism, and the lifting mechanism. In this embodiment, the drive component of the rotary drive assembly is motor II 10, the drive component of the lifting mechanism is motor III 21, and the drive component of the swing mechanism is motor IV 27. The main controller is connected to motor II 10, motor III 21, and motor IV 27, and is also electrically connected to motor I 9 and the control switch. The control switch is used to control the starting and stopping of motors II 10, III 21, IV 27, and I 9, respectively. In this embodiment, the main controller and the control switch are placed inside a control box, which can be fixed on bracket 1 or in other locations as needed. Example 3

[0059] This embodiment provides a method for using a spherical grinding device, which is applied to a swing-type spherical grinding device provided in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2. The method of use includes the following steps.

[0060] S1. Select the tooling fixture 6 according to the spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground, connect the selected tooling fixture 6 to the output shaft of the rotary drive assembly, and clamp the workpiece to be ground onto the tooling fixture 6.

[0061] S2. Select a suitable grinding head 7 according to the diameter of the spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece, and detachably connect the grinding head 7 to the moving end of the lifting mechanism.

[0062] First, select fixture 6 according to the spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground. Connect the selected fixture 6 to the output shaft of the rotary drive assembly with bolts, and clamp the workpiece to be ground onto fixture 6. After fixture 6 is determined, select a suitable grinding head 7. When the spherical surface to be ground is an inner spherical surface, the grinding head 7 is preferably a cylindrical grinding head. The outer diameter of the cylindrical grinding head is adapted to the inner spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground, and the central axis of the cylindrical grinding head passes through the center of the spherical surface to be ground. When the spherical surface to be ground is an outer spherical surface, the grinding head 7 is preferably an inner spherical grinding head. The inner diameter of the inner spherical grinding head is adapted to the outer spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground, and the central axis of the inner spherical grinding head passes through the center of the spherical surface to be ground.

[0063] In this embodiment, a support rod is fixed to the upper end of the grinding head 7. The support rod is detachably connected to the lower end of the chuck 8. The upper end of the chuck 8 is threadedly connected to the output shaft of the motor I9. The moving end of the lifting mechanism is fixedly connected to the housing of the motor I9.

[0064] S3. Start the lifting mechanism. The lifting mechanism drives the grinding head 7 to rise and fall synchronously. When the grinding head 7 contacts the workpiece spherical surface to be ground, the lifting mechanism stops descending.

[0065] In this embodiment, the lifting mechanism is cylinder I11 as an example. The piston rod of cylinder I11 pushes the spring pressure seat 12 and motor I9 to descend. Motor I9 drives the grinding head 7 to descend. When the grinding head 7 contacts the workpiece to be ground, cylinder I11 stops descending. Since there is a spring 15 between the spring pressure seat 12 and the upper end of motor I9, the grinding head 7 will flexibly press the workpiece under the action of the spring 15.

[0066] S4. Start the rotary drive assembly, which drives the tooling fixture and workpiece to rotate synchronously.

[0067] Then, start the motor II10 of the rotary drive assembly. The output shaft of the motor II10 drives the tooling fixture 6 to rotate circumferentially through the gearbox. The tooling fixture 6 drives the clamped workpiece to rotate around the axis of the center of the spherical surface to be ground inside the spherical inner shell 3.

[0068] S5. Determine the preset swing angle of the swing mechanism according to the diameter of the spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece; start the swing mechanism, and the swing mechanism pushes the tooling fixture 6 and the inner shell 3 of the spherical surface to swing synchronously relative to the outer shell 2 of the spherical surface to the preset swing angle; the grinding head grinds the spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece.

[0069] In this embodiment, the preset swing angle of the swing mechanism is determined according to the diameter of the spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece. For example, the preset swing angle is angle a. When the swing mechanism is adjusted to angle a, it can ensure that the grinding head 7 grinds the entire spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece when the tooling fixture 6 rotates.

[0070] The preset swing angle needs to be set in advance, and the swing mechanism will automatically swing to the preset swing angle after it is started. In this embodiment, the swing mechanism is a ball screw mechanism II as an example. The drive motor IV27 of the swing mechanism is started. The motor IV27 will push the housing 5 through the swing connector 26. The housing 5 drives the spherical inner shell 3 to swing to the preset swing angle through the bushing 4. At the same time, when the bushing 4 swings, it will drive the tooling fixture 6 inside it to swing synchronously to the preset swing angle.

[0071] Step S5 also includes the following steps: If the oscillating mechanism is a ball screw mechanism II, the preset reciprocating oscillation angle of the oscillating mechanism and whether continuous reciprocating oscillation is required are determined according to the diameter of the spherical surface to be ground. If continuous reciprocating oscillation is not required, the oscillating mechanism pushes the tooling fixture and the inner spherical shell to oscillate synchronously relative to the outer spherical shell to the preset oscillation angle and then stops oscillating. If continuous reciprocating oscillation is required, the oscillating mechanism pushes the tooling fixture and the inner spherical shell to oscillate continuously relative to the outer spherical shell according to the preset reciprocating oscillation angle.

[0072] For example, in this embodiment, the preset reciprocating swing angles are set to angle b and -b. If continuous reciprocating swing is not required, since the swing mechanism has already driven the workpiece to swing to angle a in step S3, the workpiece can remain at angle a when continuous reciprocating swing is not required; if the swing mechanism still needs to continue reciprocating swing, the swing mechanism will be restarted, and the lead screw of the swing mechanism will rotate clockwise or counterclockwise according to the set requirements. The swing mechanism pushes the tooling fixture and the workpiece clamped on the tooling fixture to continuously reciprocate between angle b and -b.

[0073] In this embodiment, the grinding head 7 is connected to the output shaft of the motor I9 via a chuck 8. The chuck 8 is threaded onto the output shaft of the motor I9. When the motor I9 is ​​started, the motor I9 drives the grinding head 7 to rotate. The rotating grinding head 7 grinds the rotating workpiece. The rotation direction of the workpiece and the grinding head 7 can be the same or opposite, depending on the specific application.

[0074] S6. After the spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground is ground, all mechanisms are reset.

[0075] After the spherical surface of the workpiece is ground, first turn off motor I9 and motor II10 of the rotary drive assembly. Then the lifting mechanism rises, and the piston rod of cylinder I11 drives the grinding head 7 to rise and reset. After the grinding head 7 is reset, the swing mechanism starts to reset. The swing mechanism drives the housing 5, and the housing 5 drives the inner spherical shell 3 to swing a certain angle inside the outer spherical shell 2 through the bushing 4 before resetting.

[0076] In subsequent use, the workpiece can be clamped onto the tooling fixture 6. When the model of the part to be ground is changed, only the tooling fixture 6 needs to be replaced. The operation is simple and convenient, and it is suitable for batch grinding of workpieces.

[0077] It should be noted that in this invention, Embodiments 1 and 2 only provide two combination methods. The swing mechanism and the lifting mechanism can be freely combined according to actual conditions. When the lifting mechanism is a ball screw mechanism I, the swing mechanism can be a cylinder II structure; when the lifting mechanism is a cylinder I structure, the swing mechanism can be a ball screw mechanism II. Meanwhile, other swing mechanisms capable of swinging and lifting mechanisms capable of lifting can also be freely combined with the swing mechanism and lifting mechanism structures provided in the embodiments of this invention.

[0078] In summary, this invention provides a swing-type spherical grinding device. A spherical inner shell is provided within a spherical outer shell, and a tooling fixture is provided within the inner shell. The tooling fixture clamps the workpiece, ensuring that the spherical surface to be ground and the inner shell share the same center of gravity. This three-point concentric structure ensures that the center of gravity remains constant during workpiece rotation and grinding. Furthermore, the central axis of the grinding head passes through the center of the spherical surface to be ground, guaranteeing grinding accuracy. The swing mechanism drives the tooling fixture to swing at a certain angle, enabling the grinding head to uniformly grind the spherical surface from all directions. This improves grinding efficiency while maintaining grinding accuracy, making it suitable for mass production.

Claims

1. A swing-type spherical grinding device, characterized in that, The device includes a support frame, on which a spherical outer shell is fixed. A spherical inner shell is fitted inside the spherical outer shell, and the inner spherical surface of the spherical outer shell and the outer spherical surface of the spherical inner shell are engaged by spherical rotation. A tooling fixture for holding the workpiece is provided inside the spherical inner shell. The spherical inner shell is connected to the housing, and a rotary drive assembly is provided inside the housing. The output shaft of the rotary drive assembly is connected to the tooling fixture, and the output shaft drives the tooling fixture to rotate around the axis of the center of the spherical surface to be ground inside the spherical inner shell. The housing is connected to a swing mechanism, and the swing mechanism pushes the tooling fixture and the spherical inner shell to swing synchronously relative to the spherical outer shell at a certain angle. A grinding head is provided above the tooling fixture. The grinding head is adapted to the spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground. The grinding head is connected to a lifting mechanism, which is used to drive the grinding head to rise and fall to grind the spherical surface of the workpiece. The outer spherical shell, the inner spherical shell, and the workpiece to be ground all have the same center; the central axis of the grinding head passes through the center of the workpiece to be ground.

2. The oscillating spherical grinding device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding head is detachably connected to the output shaft of motor I, and motor I is connected to the moving end of the lifting mechanism.

3. The oscillating spherical grinding device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The lifting mechanism is either a ball screw mechanism I or a cylinder I; when the lifting mechanism is a ball screw mechanism I, the screw of the ball screw mechanism I is mounted on the bracket, and the moving part I of the ball screw mechanism I is connected to the motor I; when the lifting mechanism is a cylinder I, the piston rod of the cylinder I is connected to the motor I.

4. The oscillating spherical grinding device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, When the lifting mechanism is a ball screw mechanism I, the moving part I of the ball screw mechanism I is connected to the slide plate seat through a spring, and the slide plate seat is connected to the motor I; when the lifting mechanism is a cylinder I, the piston rod of the cylinder I is fixedly connected to the spring pressure seat, and the spring pressure seat is connected to the motor I through a sliding assembly.

5. The oscillating spherical grinding device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The spherical outer shell is fixed in the first through hole opened on the bracket. The inner side of the spherical outer shell is provided with a spherical groove, which is the inner spherical surface of the spherical outer shell. The outer side of the spherical inner shell is an outer spherical surface adapted to the inner spherical surface of the spherical outer shell. The inner spherical inner shell is provided with a second through hole. A bushing is sleeved and fixed in the second through hole. The bushing is provided with a tooling fixture for clamping the workpiece. The lower end of the bushing is connected to the box body.

6. The oscillating spherical grinding device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding head is a cylindrical grinding head or an inner spherical grinding head. The cylindrical grinding head is adapted to the inner or outer spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground, and the central axis of the cylindrical grinding head passes through the center of the spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground.

7. The oscillating spherical grinding device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary drive assembly includes a gearbox located inside the housing. The output shaft of the gearbox is detachably connected to the tooling fixture. The input shaft of the gearbox is connected to the output shaft of motor II. Motor II is fixed to the housing.

8. The oscillating spherical grinding device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The swing mechanism is a ball screw mechanism II or a cylinder II; when the swing mechanism is a ball screw mechanism II, the screw of the ball screw mechanism II is mounted on the bracket, and the moving part II of the ball screw mechanism II is connected to the housing through a connector; when the swing mechanism is a cylinder II, the housing of the cylinder II is fixed on the bracket, and the piston rod of the cylinder II is connected to the housing.

9. The oscillating spherical grinding device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an electronic control module, which includes a main controller and a control switch. The main controller is electrically connected to the drive components of the rotary drive assembly, the swing mechanism, and the lifting mechanism, respectively. The control switch is electrically connected to the main controller and is used to control the opening and closing of the drive components of the rotary drive assembly, the swing mechanism, and the lifting mechanism, respectively.

10. A method of using a swing-type spherical grinding device, characterized in that, The method of using the oscillating spherical grinding apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 includes the following steps: S1. Select a tooling fixture according to the spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground, connect the selected tooling fixture to the output shaft of the rotary drive assembly, and clamp the workpiece to be ground onto the tooling fixture. S2. Select a suitable grinding head according to the diameter of the spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece, and detachably connect the grinding head to the moving end of the lifting mechanism; S3. Start the lifting mechanism, which drives the grinding head to rise and fall synchronously. When the grinding head contacts the spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground, the lifting mechanism stops descending. S4. Start the rotary drive assembly, which drives the tooling fixture and the workpiece to rotate synchronously. S5. Determine the preset swing angle of the swing mechanism according to the diameter of the spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece; start the swing mechanism, and the swing mechanism pushes the tooling fixture and the inner shell of the spherical surface to swing synchronously relative to the outer shell of the spherical surface to the preset swing angle; the grinding head grinds the spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece. S6. After the spherical surface of the workpiece to be ground is ground, all mechanisms are reset.

11. The method of using the oscillating spherical grinding device as described in claim 10, characterized in that, Step S5 further includes the following steps: If the swing mechanism is a ball screw mechanism II, then the preset reciprocating swing angle of the swing mechanism and whether continuous reciprocating swing is required are determined according to the ball diameter of the spherical surface to be ground on the workpiece. If continuous reciprocating swing is not required, the swing mechanism pushes the tooling fixture and the inner spherical shell to swing synchronously relative to the outer spherical shell to the preset swing angle and then stops swinging. If continuous reciprocating swing is required, the swing mechanism pushes the tooling fixture and the inner spherical shell to swing continuously relative to the outer spherical shell according to the preset reciprocating swing angle.

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