Mining method for upper and lower wall broken surrounding rock ore body
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511130360.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-13
Smart Images
Figure CN121519934A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a mining method for mining a broken surrounding rock ore body. BACKGROUND
[0002] Safe, efficient and low-cost mining of high-grade phosphate ore bodies with unstable roof and floor has gradually attracted attention. At present, the main mining methods for such ore bodies are upward slicing and filling mining method and downward slicing and filling mining method. The upward slicing and filling mining method refers to slicing and mining from bottom to top, mining and filling one slice at a time, then pressing the top of the stope and mining the next slice. The waste rock mixing rate of this mining method is 6% to 13%, the loss rate is 15% to 25%, the stope mining cycle is long, the efficiency is low, the safety factor is low, and the loss rate is high. The downward slicing and filling mining method refers to slicing and mining from top to bottom, building a false roof for the next slice during the mining of the upper slice, and mining the next slice under the protection of the false roof. The amount of filling material in this mining method is large, the cost and energy consumption are large, and the basic requirements for filling operators are high. They must be specially trained and examined, and the production capacity is low. SUMMARY
[0003] In order to solve one or several technical problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a mining method for mining a broken surrounding rock ore body.
[0004] The technical solution for solving the above technical problems is as follows: the present application provides a mining method for mining a broken surrounding rock ore body, which comprises the following steps: S1, the upper disc surrounding rock of the ore body is segmented and divided into multiple mining sections from bottom to top, and a segmented roadway is arranged on the outer side of each mining section; the ore body below the upper disc surrounding rock is divided into multiple groups of mining slices from bottom to top, each group of mining slices comprises multiple mining slices arranged from bottom to top; and the multiple mining sections and the multiple groups of mining slices are arranged in one-to-one correspondence in the horizontal direction; S2, rock drilling and blasting are performed from the segmented roadway to the corresponding mining section to form a first stope connecting channel, so that the first stope connecting channel is in communication with the lowermost mining slice of the corresponding group of mining slices, then the mining slice is mined, the mining area of the mining slice is filled after the mining is completed, then the first stope connecting channel is pressed and blasted to form a second stope connecting channel on the ground of the first stope connecting channel, then the mining slice above the filled mining slice is mined and filled, and so on. After the mining and filling of each mining slice are completed, the stope connecting channel corresponding to the mining slice is pressed and blasted to form the next stope connecting channel, and the multiple mining slices in each group of mining slices are mined and filled from bottom to top.
[0005] The mining method has the advantages that the mining method is safe and reliable, has high recovery efficiency and low mining loss and dilution rate.
[0006] Based on the above technical scheme, the application can be further improved as follows.
[0007] Further, in S1, one of the plurality of mining sections corresponds to two mining layers, which are a lower mining layer and a middle mining layer. One of the plurality of mining sections corresponds to two mining layers, which are a middle mining layer and an upper mining layer. One of the plurality of mining sections corresponds to three mining layers, which are an upper mining layer, a middle mining layer and a lower mining layer.
[0008] Further, each sectional roadway is arranged in the horizontal direction corresponding to the middle mining layer in each group of mining layers.
[0009] Further, in S2, when the drilling and blasting is performed on the uppermost one of the mining sections, a first stope connecting channel is formed first, the lower mining layer of the uppermost group of mining layers corresponding to the first stope connecting channel is filled with mining, a second stope connecting channel is formed, and the middle mining layer of the uppermost group of mining layers corresponding to the second stope connecting channel is filled with mining.
[0010] Further, in S2, when the drilling and blasting is performed on the middle one of the mining sections, a first stope connecting channel is formed first, the lower mining layer of the middle group of mining layers corresponding to the first stope connecting channel is filled with mining, a second stope connecting channel is formed, the middle mining layer of the middle group of mining layers corresponding to the second stope connecting channel is filled with mining, and finally a third stope connecting channel is formed, and the upper mining layer of the middle group of mining layers corresponding to the third stope connecting channel is filled with mining.
[0011] Further, in S2, when the drilling and blasting is performed on the lowermost one of the mining sections, a first stope connecting channel is formed first, the middle mining layer of the lowermost group of mining layers corresponding to the first stope connecting channel is filled with mining, a second stope connecting channel is formed, and the upper mining layer of the lowermost group of mining layers corresponding to the second stope connecting channel is filled with mining.
[0012] Further, the mining section corresponding to the lower mining layer is inclined downward along the sublevel gateway to the direction of the mining layer at a slope of 10%-15%, the mining section corresponding to the upper mining layer is inclined upward along the sublevel gateway to the direction of the mining layer at a slope of 10%-15%, and the mining section corresponding to the middle mining layer is horizontally arranged.
[0013] The beneficial effect of the further scheme is that the structure of the mining section is more stable by setting the inclination angle of each mining section.
[0014] Further, in S2, when mining the mining layer, a mining section is formed at the mining layer by using the mining section, and then a mining extraction roadway is formed on both sides of the mining section in the horizontal direction by a preset distance, and the mining extraction roadway is filled after the mining is completed.
[0015] Further, the mining section is a special-shaped section, the profile of the special-shaped section is the same as the cross-sectional profile of the ore body, and the extension direction of the mining extraction roadway is arranged at an angle with the mining section.
[0016] Further, a mesh is arranged on the top wall and the side wall of the mining section, and the mesh is anchored and supported by anchor cables and anchor rods.
[0017] The beneficial effect of the further scheme is that the mining section can be effectively supported and protected.
[0018] The present application proposes a mechanized upward layering roadway type filling mining method. The mining method innovatively adopts a special-shaped section structure design, effectively reduces the ore dilution rate and loss rate by optimizing the mining section form, and realizes the maximization of the utilization of mineral resources. In the mining operation link, professional mechanical equipment is equipped, drilling operation is carried out by using 281 tunneling trolley, support construction is implemented by relying on Huatai anchor rod trolley, and spouting support work is carried out by using Jinantuo spouting trolley, forming a continuous, efficient and safe mining operation system, which provides technical support for mineral resource development. Each link is closely connected, thereby building a continuous, efficient and safe mining operation system, which provides solid technical support for mineral resource development. Especially, the mining method can greatly reduce the risk of deformation of the ore rock, effectively overcome the technical difficulties of unstable surrounding rock and ore rock, realize safe and efficient stoping of such ore body, and show significant technical advantages in mining operation under complex geological conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 It is a profile schematic diagram of the distribution of the upper wall rock of the ore body, the soft interlayer, the ore body and the lower wall rock of the ore body; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the mining section; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention for mining multiple mining sites; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of BB; Figure 5 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the C-C section; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure for the mining section of the present invention.
[0020] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Hanging wall; 11. Footing wall; 13. Ore body; 14. Weak interlayer; 15. Filling body; 16. Artificial false bottom; 17. Filling retaining wall; 18. Filling pipe; 19. Underground concrete conveying mechanism; 190. Mining area ore pass; 191. Anchor bolt; 192. Anchor cable; 2. Mining section; 21. Sub-section roadway; 22. Upper mining stratification; 23. Middle mining stratification; 24. Lower mining stratification; 25. Stope roadway; 26. Mining cross-section; 27. Mining recovery access road; 3. Connecting roadway of the first mining area; 31. Floor of the connecting roadway of the first mining area; 32. Floor of the connecting roadway of the second mining area; 33. Floor of the connecting roadway of the third mining area; 34. Arch of the connecting roadway of the third mining area; 35. Connecting roadway of the first mining area; 36. Connecting roadway of the second mining area; 37. Connecting roadway of the third mining area; 4. First segment roadway; 41. Second segment roadway; 42. Third segment roadway. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0022] Example 1 like Figures 1-6 As shown, a mining method for a fractured surrounding rock ore body in the hanging wall and footwalls according to this embodiment includes the following steps: S1, the hanging wall 1 of the ore body is divided into multiple mining sections 2 from bottom to top, and each mining section 2 is provided with a corresponding segment roadway 21 on the outside; the ore body 13 below the hanging wall 1 is divided into multiple mining layers from bottom to top, and each mining layer includes multiple mining layers arranged sequentially from bottom to top; the multiple mining sections 2 and the multiple mining layers are arranged one-to-one in the horizontal direction; S2, from the segmented roadway to the corresponding mining section 2, rock drilling and blasting are used to form the first stope connecting roadway 35, so that the first stope connecting roadway 35 is connected to the lowest mining layer of the corresponding mining layer group. Then, mining is carried out on the mining layer. After mining is completed, the mining area of the mining layer is filled. Then, the first stope connecting roadway 35 is subjected to roof blasting. The crushed rock produced by the blasting is laid on the ground of the first stope connecting roadway 35 to form the second stope connecting roadway 36, which is connected to the mining layer above the filled mining layer. Then, the mining layer above the filled mining layer is filled to form the filling body 15. In this way, after the filling of each mining layer is completed, the corresponding stope connecting roadway 3 is subjected to roof blasting and rock drilling. The crushed rock produced by the blasting is laid in the stope connecting roadway 3 to form the next stope connecting roadway 3. In this way, multiple mining layers in each mining layer group are filled from bottom to top.
[0023] This embodiment primarily targets high-grade phosphate ore bodies with unstable roofs and floors. The ore body 13 is located between the hanging wall 1 and the footwall 11, and a weak interlayer 14 exists between the ore body 13 and the hanging wall 1. This embodiment utilizes an underground concrete conveying mechanism 19 in conjunction with a filling pipe 18 to transport concrete and fill the mined strata. During filling, a filling retaining wall 17 can be installed to prevent concrete overflow. The underground concrete conveying mechanism 19 includes an underground concrete mixer truck and a conveying pump. In this embodiment, each segment roadway has a mining area chute 190 located on the periphery of the stope. The stope connecting roads 3 are connected via stope roadways 25, such as... Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the actual structure and effect of the mining roadway 25 are the same as those of the mining connecting roadway.
[0024] The mining method described in this embodiment is highly safe and reliable, with high recovery efficiency and low mining loss and dilution rate. When using this method, multiple mining layers are set up, and the ore body is mined by sequentially opening connecting stopes from bottom to top. This greatly reduces the risk of ore deformation, effectively overcomes the problems of unstable surrounding rock and ore, and achieves safe and efficient mining of fractured surrounding rock ore bodies in both the hanging wall and footwall. It demonstrates significant technical advantages in mining operations under complex geological conditions.
[0025] The mining method in this embodiment allows for fully mechanized mining operations. The Boomer 281 drilling rig is used for rock drilling, while the support work utilizes a Huatai bolting rig and a Jinantuo shotcrete rig in tandem. Compared to the inefficient traditional manual mining method that requires "one day of mining and two days of support," this technical solution ensures that a single mining area can stably complete two mining blasts daily, significantly shortening the construction cycle and improving overall mining efficiency. This mining method has a high safety factor; the drilling and support equipment allows personnel to operate in safe areas, eliminating the risk of working under unsupported roofs. For example, the Huatai bolting rig can complete support within two hours, and operators do not need to be exposed to the unsupported roof area. Blasting operations are only carried out in well-supported areas. Through a three-center arch cross-section design and a combination of anchor cables, bolts, and steel mesh support, the surrounding rock is reinforced in advance, reducing the risk of collapse caused by blasting vibrations. Blasting operations are only carried out in areas with intact support. A three-center arch cross-section design, combined with anchor cables, anchor bolts, and steel mesh reinforcement, strengthens the surrounding rock in advance, reducing the risk of collapse caused by blasting vibrations. Traditional mining requires manual support under the unsupported roof, resulting in long periods of unsupported work and frequent roof safety accidents.
[0026] When carrying out mining, the mining method of this embodiment can take the following conditions into consideration. Unless otherwise specified, the following parameters and construction methods can be implemented by referring to existing commonly used mining methods.
[0027] Stope and ore block layout: The mining section roadways are arranged outside the vein, with a total height of 70m. The ore blocks are arranged in the form of segmented roadways, with a segment height of 13.5m. Each segment is divided into 3 mining layers with a mining layer height of 4.5m. The stope is arranged along the strike, with a stope length of 80m.
[0028] Rock drilling and blasting: Boomer281 drilling rigs were used for drilling, with a drill depth of 3.2m. Blasting was carried out manually with emulsion explosives of Φ32mm×300mm size, each weighing 300g, and detonated using a digital electronic detonator system.
[0029] Stope ventilation: Fresh air enters each section roadway from the inclined ramp of the stope area (the section roadways are connected by inclined ramps), cleans the mining face, and then enters the middle section of the return air shaft at both ends of the section roadway, and is then discharged to the surface through the return air shaft (adit). Local ventilation is used at the stope working face.
[0030] Ore transportation: Based on the width of the stope, ore extraction from the stope uses a 2m... 3 and 3m 3Diesel-powered loaders are used for loading ore, and 25-ton mining trucks are used for transportation. The ore is transported to the mining area pass via segmented roadways by loaders. The ore trucks are loaded into the ore loading chamber in the ore pass of the mining section using vibrating ore feeders. The ore is then transported to the surface ore bin via intermediate transport roadways, main adits, and ore bin connecting roadways. Vibrating ore feeders are installed at the bottom of the ore bin, and the ore is then transferred by truck to the ore stockpile in the industrial park.
[0031] Roof Management in the Mining Area: Due to the poor stability of the ore and rock, mining operations must strictly adhere to the principle of "short excavation and short support," following the "one excavation, one support" construction process. Unsupported roof operations are strictly prohibited. Support work must be initiated immediately after each excavation cycle to ensure operational safety. The main support system employed is a combination of anchor cables, anchor bolts + steel mesh, and shotcrete. Anchor cables provide deep anchoring force, while anchor bolts and steel mesh work together to enhance the stability of the surrounding rock surface. Shotcrete seals the rock surface, preventing weathering and rockfall, forming a three-dimensional protective structure. After the muck is removed from the working face, anchor bolt + steel mesh support is prioritized before the next drilling and blasting cycle. The specific construction sequence is as follows: roof anchor bolts are installed first using a Huatai anchor bolt trolley, followed by sidewall anchor mesh construction, ensuring the support work proceeds systematically from top to bottom. Huatai anchor bolt trolley was selected for anchor bolt drilling. This equipment allows personnel to operate in a safe area, avoiding work under unsupported roof slabs, effectively ensuring personnel safety. Moreover, the support work for a single working face only takes 2 hours, greatly improving support efficiency.
[0032] Backfilling: Based on the mining method, the stope parameters are divided. The horizontal stratified access road is 80m long, and the connecting roads on both sides are designed to be 40m long. The excavation and backfilling of the left and right access roads are carried out sequentially. According to the requirements of the mining method and backfilling plan, the stratified access roads within the segment are mined and backfilled from bottom to top, and the roof stop roadway is backfilled last. First, the lower mining stratum is backfilled. Waste rock is transported by truck and transferred to the stope by a loader. The surface is cemented and smoothed using underground concrete mixer trucks and delivery pumps. To facilitate the operation of trackless equipment for mining the middle and upper mining stratums, the cemented surface is leveled as much as possible, and the backfilling strength (3~5MPa) is sufficient to meet the operation of the loader.
[0033] Example 2 Based on Example 1, this example provides a preferred layout for each mining section.
[0034] In S1, among the multiple mining sections 2, the uppermost mining section 2 corresponds to two mining layers, namely the lower mining layer 24 and the middle mining layer 23. Among the multiple mining sections 2, the lowest mining section 2 corresponds to two mining layers, namely the middle mining layer 23 and the upper mining layer 22; Among the multiple mining sections 2, the middle mining section 2 corresponds to three mining layers, namely the upper mining layer 22, the middle mining layer 23, and the lower mining layer 24.
[0035] Optional, such as Figure 4 As shown, each segment roadway is arranged horizontally in relation to the corresponding intermediate mining layer 23 in each mining layer group.
[0036] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown in S2, when drilling and blasting are performed on the uppermost mining section 2, the first stope connecting roadway 35 is first formed, allowing the lower mining layer 24 of the uppermost mining layer corresponding to the first stope connecting roadway 35 to be filled with ore. Then, the second stope connecting roadway 36 is formed, allowing the middle mining layer 23 of the uppermost mining layer corresponding to the second stope connecting roadway 36 to be filled with ore. The uppermost mining section 2 corresponds to the third sub-section roadway 2.
[0037] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown in S2, when drilling and blasting are carried out on a mining section 2 located in the middle, the first stope connecting roadway 35 is first formed, so that the lower mining layer 24 of the middle group of mining layers corresponding to the first stope connecting roadway 35 is filled with ore. Then, the second stope connecting roadway 36 is formed, so that the middle mining layer 23 of the middle group of mining layers corresponding to the second stope connecting roadway 36 is filled with ore. Finally, the third stope connecting roadway 37 is formed, so that the upper mining layer 22 of the middle group of mining layers corresponding to the second stope connecting roadway 36 is filled with ore. The multiple mining sections 2 located in the middle correspond to the second sub-section roadway 1.
[0038] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown in S2, when drilling and blasting are carried out on the lowest mining section 2, the first stope connecting roadway 35 is first formed, and the middle mining layer 23 of the lowest mining layer corresponding to the first stope connecting roadway 35 is filled with ore. Then, the second stope connecting roadway 36 is formed, and the upper mining layer 22 of the lowest mining layer corresponding to the second stope connecting roadway 36 is filled with ore. The lowest mining section 2 corresponds to the first segment roadway. Among them, the first stope connecting roadway 35 of the lowest mining section 2 actually serves as a mining route, and its position corresponds to the second stope connecting roadway of other mining sections 2. The second stope connecting roadway 36 corresponds to the third stope connecting roadway of other mining sections 2. After the middle mining layer 23 of the lowest mining section 2 is mined, an artificial false bottom 16 can be set at the bottom of the middle mining layer 23. Then, when forming the second stope connecting roadway, concrete can be filled into the rubble generated by drilling and blasting to form a filler body 15, thereby increasing the structural strength.
[0039] In this embodiment, each rock drilling and blasting operation forms the floor slab and arch of the connecting roadway in the mining area, specifically as follows: Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4The dotted lines represent the floor slab 31 of the first mining area connecting roadway, the floor slab 32 of the second mining area connecting roadway, the floor slab 33 of the third mining area connecting roadway, and the arch slab 34 of the third mining area connecting roadway. The first section roadway, the second section roadway 1, and the third section roadway 2 are set up in the same way, but the corresponding mining sections 2 are different, and different names are used to distinguish them.
[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, in one optional embodiment, the connecting roadway 3 corresponding to the lower mining layer 24 slopes downwards along the segmented roadway towards the mining layer with a gradient of 10% to 15%, the connecting roadway 3 corresponding to the upper mining layer 22 slopes upwards along the segmented roadway towards the mining layer with a gradient of 10% to 15%, and the connecting roadway 3 corresponding to the middle mining layer 23 is arranged horizontally. By setting the inclination angle of each connecting roadway, the structure of the connecting roadway can be made more stable.
[0041] Example 3 Based on Example 1 or Example 2, this example provides a preferred setting scheme for the mining section.
[0042] In S2, when mining is carried out in the mining layer, the mining section 26 is first formed at the mining layer using the stope connecting road 3. Then, mining is carried out along the horizontal direction at a preset distance on both sides of the mining section 26 to form the mining return path 27. After mining is completed, the mining return path 27 is filled.
[0043] like Figure 6 and Figure 6 As shown, preferably, the mining section 26 is an irregular section, the outline of which is the same as the cross-sectional outline of the ore body 13, and the extension direction of the mining access road 27 is arranged at an angle to the stope connecting road 3.
[0044] like As shown, in a specific embodiment, the top and side walls of the mining section 26 are provided with mesh, which is anchored and supported by anchor cables 192 and anchor rods 191, which can effectively support and protect the mining section.
[0045] Mining section 26 adopts an irregular cross-section design, with the following specific features: The top uses a three-centered arch structure, which optimizes the stress distribution at the arch crown, enhances the stability of the roadway roof, and reduces the risk of collapse. The sidewalls (filling retaining walls) are inclined vertical walls that precisely fit the boundary line of the ore body, maximizing the reduction of ore loss and dilution while ensuring support strength.
[0046] Reduced loss and dilution rate: This invention innovatively adopts unconventional cross-sections for mining operations. Through the unique design of the top three-center arch and the side wall inclined vertical wall, it precisely fits the boundary line of the ore body, effectively reducing the mixing of surrounding rock and ore residue during the mining process. Actual verification shows that the loss rate and dilution rate can be strictly controlled below 5%, significantly improving the utilization rate of ore resources.
[0047] This invention is now being applied to the Liangchahe mining section (southern section) phosphate mine in Guizhou. Unless otherwise specified, the following parameters and construction methods can be implemented by referring to existing commonly used mining methods.
[0048] Engineering geological conditions: In the Liangchahe mining section (southern section) phosphate deposit in Guizhou, the ore body is bluish-gray to gray, with a predominantly gel-like texture followed by an internal clastic texture, exhibiting a dense massive structure. The dip is 305°∠60°, and the thickness ranges from 2.8 to 3.3 m. Locally, the strata contain phosphorus-bearing fine conglomerate and yellowish-green shale, i.e., "fractured rock" 1. The ore body as a whole exhibits a moderate degree of weathering. After diagenesis, the ore body was severely affected by later tectonic activity (mainly joints), resulting in relatively fragmented integrity. The Doushantuo Formation phosphorus-bearing rocks have weak water-bearing capacity, with a Protodyakonov hardness coefficient f=2-4. The locally interbedded shale has a Protodyakonov hardness coefficient of around 2, classifying it as a relatively soft rock (Class III-IV). The overall self-stability of the ore body is poor.
[0049] Stope structure parameters: The ore block adopts the form of segmented roadways, with a middle section height of 70m and a segment (mining section) height of 13.5m. The segment (mining section) is divided into 3 mining layers with a layer height of 4.5m. The stope is arranged along the strike and has a stope length of 80m.
[0050] Preparation and cutting engineering: A ramp with a slope of 15% is arranged in each mining area, connecting to each section (mining section). A mining area pass is arranged every 200m~300m along the strike of the ore body, with an inclination angle of 60°. Each section (mining section) is connected to the mining area pass. The two ends of the section roadway are connected to the intake air shaft and the return air shaft, respectively.
[0051] Mining: Rock drilling was carried out using a Boomer 281 drilling rig to drill holes to a depth of 3.2m. Blasting was performed manually using emulsion explosives with dimensions of Φ32mm×300mm and a charge weight of 300g. A digital electronic detonator system was used for detonation. In the segmented roadways (middle roadways), mining access roadways were excavated every 80m along the ore body strike. Then, 40m mining access roads were excavated at each end. The width of the access roadway was the same as the width of the ore body, and the height was the same as the layer height of 4.5m, followed by backfilling.
[0052] Mining area ventilation: Before construction, install two 15kW local fans at suitable locations on the upwind side of the section roadway junction, and connect them to 600mm diameter flexible ventilation ducts to provide forced ventilation to the mining face. Before each shift, inspect the roof and sidewalls, and only proceed with work after confirming safety. At the same time, increase lighting according to the site conditions to improve ventilation and lighting conditions at the working face.
[0053] Mining: Mining is carried out using 3.5t and 6t diesel loader, and then dumped into the nearby mining area pass; ore trucks are loaded with ore in the ore loading chamber of the intermediate transport roadway (the segmented roadway at the bottom or top) by a vibrating ore feeder, and the ore is transported to the surface ore bin via the intermediate transport roadway.
[0054] Roof management in the mining area: Anchor bolt drilling should be performed using an anchor bolt trolley. Roof anchor bolts should be installed first, followed by sidewall anchor mesh. The angle between the anchor bolt hole direction and the roadway outline or the surrounding rock bedding plane, joint plane, or fracture plane should be ≥75º. Φ42 slotted pipe anchor bolts with a length L=2.0m and a wall thickness of 3-4mm should be used. The support plate should be 150×150mm in size, with a steel plate thickness of 6mm. The anchor bolt spacing should be 0.9m×0.9m. The mesh should be made of φ5 round steel with a mesh size of 100mm×100mm, and the anchor mesh size should be 2m×2m. For thick, weak interlayers where the anchor bolt length is insufficient to extend into the stable rock mass, anchor cable support should be added. The anchor cable length should be determined based on the thickness of the weak interlayer, with a mesh size of 2m×2m. The anchor cables should extend at least 1.5m into the stable rock layer. The anchor hole depth is 6m. Long anchor cables use Φ15.5mm diameter steel strand, with a length of 6.3m (300mm exposed). The support plate (16mm-20mm steel plate, 300mm x 300mm, self-fabricated) is used. One set of anchor heads is provided (purchased as a set). Resin anchoring agent is Φ23 x 600mm, with 2-3 rolls per hole. The anchor drill bit is Φ25. The designed anchoring length is no less than 2m, and the anchoring force is greater than 100KN. During long anchor cable construction, the mesh needs to be locked into the long anchor cable support plate. 2-3 long anchor cables are installed, with the anchor cable installation angle as perpendicular to the rock surface as possible. If necessary, shotcrete + anchor mesh reinforcement is used, with a shotcrete strength of C20.
[0055] Backfilling: Based on the mining method, the stope parameters are divided. The horizontal stratified access road is 80m long, with 40m sections designed for each side of the stope roadway. The mining and backfilling operations proceed sequentially from bottom to top according to the mining method and backfilling plan. Finally, the roof stope roadway is backfilled. First, the lower mining stratum is backfilled. Waste rock is transported by truck and then transferred to the stope for backfilling by a loader. Underground concrete mixer trucks and pumps are used for cementing and finishing. To facilitate the operation of trackless equipment for the middle and upper mining strata, the cemented surface is leveled as much as possible, and the backfilling strength (3~5MPa) is sufficient to support the operation of the loader.
[0056] Roofing and Layer Conversion in Mining Roadways: Before the second mining section is mined, the mining connecting roadway is roofed to form a slope. The slope construction ensures normal personnel access and equipment operation in the later stages.
[0057] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.
[0058] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0059] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0060] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0061] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.
[0062] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for mining ore bodies with fractured wall and hanging wall, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, the hanging wall of the ore body is divided into sections, from bottom to top into multiple mining sections, and each mining section has a corresponding section roadway on its outer side; the ore body below the hanging wall is divided into multiple mining layers from bottom to top, and each mining layer includes multiple mining layers arranged sequentially from bottom to top. Multiple mining sections and multiple mining layers are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence in the horizontal direction; S2, from the segmented roadway to the corresponding mining section, rock drilling and blasting are used to form the first stope connecting roadway, connecting the first stope connecting roadway to the lowest mining layer of the corresponding mining layer group. Then, mining is carried out on the mining layer. After mining is completed, the mining area of the mining layer is filled. Then, the first stope connecting roadway is subjected to roof blasting. The crushed rock produced by the blasting is laid on the ground of the first stope connecting roadway, forming the second stope connecting roadway connecting to the mining layer above the filled mining layer. Then, the mining layer above the filled mining layer is filled. And so on. After the filling of each mining layer is completed, the stope connecting roadway corresponding to the mining layer is subjected to roof blasting and rock drilling. The crushed rock produced by the blasting is laid in the stope connecting roadway to form the next stope connecting roadway. In this way, multiple mining layers in each mining layer group are filled from bottom to top.
2. The mining method for fractured surrounding rock ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, among the multiple mining sections, the uppermost mining section corresponds to two mining layers: the lower mining layer and the middle mining layer. Among the multiple mining sections, the lowest mining section corresponds to two mining layers: the middle mining layer and the upper mining layer. Among the multiple mining sections, the middle mining section corresponds to three mining layers: the upper mining layer, the middle mining layer, and the lower mining layer.
3. The mining method for fractured surrounding rock ore bodies according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each segment roadway is arranged horizontally in correspondence with the intermediate mining layer in each group of mining layers.
4. The mining method for fractured surrounding rock ore bodies according to claim 2, characterized in that, In S2, when drilling and blasting are carried out on the uppermost mining section, the first mining access road is first formed, so that the lower mining layer of the uppermost mining layer corresponding to the first mining access road is filled with ore. Then the second mining access road is formed, so that the middle mining layer of the uppermost mining layer corresponding to the second mining access road is filled with ore.
5. The mining method for a fractured surrounding rock ore body according to claim 2, characterized in that, In S2, when drilling and blasting are carried out on a mining section located in the middle, the first mining access road is first formed, so that the lower mining layer of the middle group of mining layers corresponding to the first mining access road is filled with ore. Then the second mining access road is formed, so that the middle mining layer of the middle group of mining layers corresponding to the second mining access road is filled with ore. Finally, the third mining access road is formed, so that the upper mining layer of the middle group of mining layers corresponding to the second mining access road is filled with ore.
6. The mining method for a fractured surrounding rock ore body according to claim 2, characterized in that, In S2, when rock drilling and blasting are carried out on the lowest mining section, the first mining access road is first formed, so that the middle mining layer of the lowest mining layer corresponding to the first mining access road is filled with ore. Then the second mining access road is formed, so that the upper mining layer of the lowest mining layer corresponding to the second mining access road is filled with ore.
7. The mining method for a fractured surrounding rock ore body according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting roadway of the lower mining layer slopes downward along the segment roadway towards the mining layer with a gradient of 10% to 15%. The connecting roadway of the upper mining layer slopes upward along the segment roadway towards the mining layer with a gradient of 10% to 15%. The connecting roadway of the middle mining layer is arranged horizontally.
8. The mining method for a fractured surrounding rock ore body according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, when mining is carried out in the mining layer, a mining section is first formed at the mining layer using the stope connecting road. Then, a mining return path is formed by mining a preset distance in the horizontal direction on both sides of the mining section. After mining is completed, the mining return path is filled.
9. The mining method for a fractured surrounding rock ore body according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mining section is an irregular cross-section, the outline of which is the same as the cross-sectional outline of the ore body, and the extension direction of the mining access road is arranged at an angle to the connecting roadway of the stope.
10. The mining method for a fractured surrounding rock ore body according to claim 8, characterized in that, The top and side walls of the mining section are provided with mesh panels, which are anchored and supported by anchor cables and anchor rods.