Deslagging mode of slurry balance shield tunneling machine suitable for complex interaction stratum

Abstract

The invention discloses a deslagging mode of a slurry balance shield tunneling machine suitable for a complex interaction stratum, and belongs to the technical field of shield tunneling machines. A muddy water cabin is formed in the inner side wall of a head shield body in the shield tunneling machine, and a muddy water outlet penetrating through the inner side wall is formed in the bottom of the head shield body. Leaking net containing cavities are formed in the positions, located on the two sides of the muddy water discharging opening, in the head shield body correspondingly; a leakage net in the rotary leakage net filtering mechanism is slidably installed in a leakage net containing cavity and a muddy water discharging opening in the circumferential direction of the head shield body, and by rotating the leakage net, a first filtering part and a second filtering part which are different in hole diameter in the leakage net rotate into the muddy water discharging opening or are both contained in the leakage net containing cavity. A front-end nozzle in the two-way flushing mechanism is a steerable nozzle, and the front-end nozzle and a rear-end nozzle are matched to perform two-way flushing on the leakage net; meanwhile, a cutter in the cutter-changing cutting cutter head can be installed in a cutter hole of a cutter head shell panel in a replaceable mode. According to the scheme, the problem of slag discharge blockage of the shield tunneling machine when facing complex interaction stratums can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machine technology, and more specifically, to a slag removal method for slurry balance tunnel boring machines suitable for complex interactive strata. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of tunnel construction, slurry balance shield tunneling machines (TBMs) have become core equipment for tunnel construction in soft soil, gravel, and composite strata due to their advantages such as strong adaptability to complex geological conditions, high construction efficiency, and good ground settlement control. The muck removal system, as a key component of the slurry balance TBM, directly determines the TBM's continuous construction capability and project efficiency through its operational stability. If the muck removal system becomes clogged or its efficiency decreases, it will not only lead to TBM shutdown for maintenance, increasing construction costs and schedule risks, but also hinder the smooth progress of the tunnel project. However, in practical engineering applications, when facing complex and interactive strata, the design of the holes used for slag removal in the slag removal system is not reasonable due to the influence of different geological strata characteristics. This can lead to obstruction of the flow channels between mud and slag, resulting in blockage of the slag removal system and inability to transport slag normally. Consequently, the tunnel boring machine will be forced to stop for cleaning, which will seriously affect the continuity of construction.

[0003] To adapt to complex and interactive geological formations, existing technologies primarily focus on optimizing the cutterhead structure of tunnel boring machines (TBMs). For example, Chinese patent application CN110273693A discloses a slurry-balanced tunnel jacking machine with replaceable cutterheads, allowing for real-time replacement during construction to suit complex soil environments. Another example is Chinese patent application CN103397891A, which discloses a cutterhead for a slurry-balanced tunnel jacking machine. This cutterhead features two symmetrically arranged, openable / closable circular inlets on its panel, creating a variable opening ratio, making it suitable not only for pure sandy soils like sand or soft soil but also for complex soil layers containing gravel and boulders. However, these improvements and optimizations to the cutterhead cannot solve the technical problem of clogging in the muck removal system when dealing with complex and interactive geological formations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] 1. Technical problems to be solved To address the technical problem of clogging in the muck removal system of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) when facing complex and alternating geological formations, this invention provides a muck removal method suitable for slurry-balanced TBMs in such formations. This solution, through a redesign of the muck removal mechanism in the slurry chamber of the TBM, reduces the muck removal clogging problem when encountering complex and alternating geological formations.

[0005] 2. Technical solutions adopted To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows: This invention provides a slag removal method for a slurry balance shield tunneling machine suitable for complex interactive strata. The shield tunneling machine includes a cutterhead, a rotating mesh filter mechanism, a bidirectional flushing mechanism, a head shield, and a crushing mechanism. The cutterhead is rotatably mounted at the front end of the head shield. The inner wall of the head shield forms a slurry chamber, and the bottom of the head shield has a slurry outlet penetrating the inner wall, through which the slurry inside the slurry chamber is discharged. A mesh receiving cavity is provided on both sides of the slurry outlet inside the head shield. The rotating mesh filter mechanism includes a mesh, which includes a first filter section and a second filter section. The aperture of the first filter section is larger than that of the second filter section. The mesh is slidably installed in the mesh receiving cavity and inside the slurry outlet along the circumference of the head shield. By rotating the mesh, the first and second filter sections can be rotated into the slurry outlet, or both can be housed in the mesh receiving cavity. Specifically, when encountering cohesive soil layers, both the first and second filter sections rotate into the mesh receiving cavity. When encountering a soft upper layer and hard lower layer of soil, the first filter rotates to the interior of the mud and water discharge outlet; when encountering a rock layer, the second filter rotates to the interior of the mud and water discharge outlet; the bidirectional flushing mechanism includes a front nozzle and a rear nozzle, the front nozzle being a steerable nozzle used to adjust the flushing angle at the mud and water discharge outlet, and the front and rear nozzles being used for bidirectional flushing of the strain screen; the cutter head includes a cutter head housing and cutting blades, the panel of the cutter head housing having holes for installing the cutting blades, the cutting blades being replaceable and installed in the holes of the cutter head housing panel, and the type of cutting blade being changed to adapt to cutting complex and alternating strata; the crushing mechanism is located on the inner wall of the head shield body, used to crush the rock and soil inside the mud and water chamber.

[0006] Furthermore, the cutting tools include hobs and tearing cutters; when encountering cohesive soil layers, the tearing cutter is installed in the cutter hole of the cutter head housing panel to increase the mud-passing area in the cutter head housing panel; when encountering soft upper and hard lower soil layers and rock layers, the hob is installed in the cutter hole of the cutter head housing panel.

[0007] Furthermore, the mesh is provided with multiple rows of spaced connecting holes to provide at least three locking positions for the mesh relative to the mud and water discharge outlet, so as to respectively realize that the first filter part is installed inside the mud and water discharge outlet, the second filter part is installed inside the mud and water discharge outlet, and both the first filter part and the second filter part are installed inside the mesh receiving cavity; the inner side wall of the shield body near the mud and water discharge outlet is provided with connecting holes corresponding to the mesh, and the mesh is locked to the shield body by bolts passing through the corresponding connecting holes, thereby realizing the locking of the relative position of the mesh and the mud and water discharge outlet.

[0008] Furthermore, the side edge of the strainer is provided with a handle for pulling the strainer out of the strainer receiving cavity.

[0009] Furthermore, the crushing mechanism includes a fixed filter section and multiple extrusion spokes. The multiple extrusion spokes are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the head shield body on its inner sidewall. The fixed filter section is located above the mud and water discharge outlet and is fixedly installed on the inner sidewall of the head shield body. It is formed by multiple longitudinal extrusion spokes and multiple transverse spokes distributed alternately, and the aperture is larger than the aperture of the first filter section and the second filter section. Both the extrusion spokes and the longitudinal extrusion spokes are used to crush the rock and soil inside the mud and water chamber.

[0010] Furthermore, the two ends of multiple transverse spokes extend directly above the two mesh receiving cavities, and each end is provided with a longitudinal connecting spoke, which is fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the shield body; the two ends of multiple longitudinal extrusion spokes extend to the two end faces of the mud and water chamber, and each end is provided with a transverse connecting spoke; the transverse connecting spokes are fixedly installed on the two end faces of the mud and water chamber; wherein, the longitudinal connecting spokes are provided with connecting holes corresponding to the locking of the shield body and the mesh.

[0011] Furthermore, the front nozzle is located on the inner wall of the shield body near the top of the shield, and the rear nozzle is located on the other side away from the front nozzle of the mud and water discharge outlet. The front nozzle and the rear nozzle are used to flush the inlet and outlet surfaces of the strainer.

[0012] Furthermore, a flexible sealing component is provided on the opening side of the strainer cavity near the mud and water outlet to prevent mud and water from entering the interior of the strainer cavity.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages: (1) This invention optimizes the slag removal system of the tunnel boring machine (TBM). Specifically, a rotating mesh filter mechanism is installed along the circumference of the shield body. By rotating the mesh, the first and second filter sections are rotated into the slurry discharge outlet, or both are housed in the mesh receiving cavity, thereby adjusting the working aperture of the mesh and enabling the TBM to adapt to the needs of complex and interactive strata. Furthermore, the specific rotation process of the rotating mesh filter mechanism is designed when encountering rock layers, composite strata with soft upper layers and hard lower layers, and cohesive slag layers. Among them, when facing cohesive slag layers, since no mesh is installed in the slurry discharge outlet, the conditions for mud cake formation are eliminated, which helps to further reduce the slag discharge blockage problem at the slurry discharge outlet.

[0014] (2) The present invention further optimizes the design of the cutterhead, specifically, the cutter can be replaced and installed in the cutter hole of the cutterhead housing panel. The cutter includes a roller cutter and a tearing cutter. When encountering cohesive soil layers, the tearing cutter is installed in the cutter hole of the cutterhead housing panel. When excavating cohesive soil layers, the cutter is selected as the tearing cutter, thereby further increasing the opening ratio of the panel in the cutterhead housing. At the same time, the tearing cutter can easily cut and break up the soil clumps formed when facing cohesive soil layers; when encountering soft upper and hard lower soil layers and rock layers, the roller cutter is installed in the cutter hole of the cutterhead housing panel. The specific type of cutter used for the corresponding strata is designed, and the type of cutter is changed to adapt to cutting complex interactive strata; the cutterhead is matched with the specific selection of the filter part in the slurry discharge outlet, so that the slag discharge system works better and reduces slag discharge blockage when the tunnel boring machine faces complex interactive strata.

[0015] (3) The present invention further optimizes the specific connection structure between the mesh and the shield body. Specifically, the mesh is provided with multiple rows of spaced connection holes to provide at least three locking positions for the mesh relative to the shield body, so as to respectively realize that the first filter part is installed inside the mud and water discharge outlet, the second filter part is installed inside the mud and water discharge outlet, and both the first filter part and the second filter part are installed inside the mesh receiving cavity. Furthermore, the side edge of the shield body near the mud and water discharge outlet is provided with connection holes corresponding to the mesh, and the mesh is locked to the shield body by bolts. After the mesh rotates, this connection method facilitates quick locking.

[0016] (4) The present invention further optimizes the flushing method of the mud and water outlet. Specifically, the bidirectional flushing mechanism includes a front nozzle and a rear nozzle. The front nozzle is a steerable nozzle used to adjust the flushing angle of the mud and water outlet to form a larger flushing range for the mud and water outlet, thereby improving the flushing effect of the mud and water outlet. The front nozzle and the rear nozzle work together to form a bidirectional flushing mode on the inlet and outlet surfaces of the mud and water outlet, realizing all-round and dead-angle cleaning of the leaking mesh working area. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional split structure of the front shield in a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the shield body and its components in a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the shield body of the tunnel boring machine from another perspective in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the mesh in a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first installation method of the mesh leakage in the tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the second method of installing the mesh in a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the front nozzle of the tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the cutterhead in a tunnel boring machine according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Explanation of icon numbers: 1. Rotary screen filter mechanism; 101. Screen; 1011. First filter section; 1012. Second filter section; 1013. Handle; 104. Bolt; 2. Cutting cutter head; 201. Cutting cutter; 202. Mud passage hole; 203. Cutting cutter head housing; 204. Crushing bracket; 3. Two-way flushing mechanism; 301. Front nozzle; 3011. Spray head; 3012. Nozzle housing; 3013. Wrench; 3014. Universal ball joint; 302. Rear nozzle; 4. Head shield body; 401. Mud and water chamber; 402. Strainer containment cavity; 403. Mud and water discharge outlet; 5. Crushing mechanism; 501. Sidewall extruded spokes; 502. Fixed filter section; 5021. Longitudinal extruded spokes; 5022. Transverse spokes; 5023. Longitudinal connecting spokes; 5024. Transverse connecting spokes. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To further understand the content of this invention, a detailed description of the invention will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0027] The structures, proportions, and sizes illustrated in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes and to aid those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of the invention and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed herein. Furthermore, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and "middle" used in this specification are merely for clarity and not intended to limit the scope of implementation. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention's implementation.

[0028] The working area of ​​the mesh 101 is explained as follows: the area inside the mud and water discharge outlet 403 of the mesh 101 is responsible for filtering the mud and water flowing through the outlet 403. This area is called the working area of ​​the mesh 101. The mesh openings in the working area of ​​the mesh 101 are called the working mesh openings.

[0029] The explanation of the inlet or outlet surface of the mud and water discharge outlet 403 is as follows: the inlet surface of the mud and water discharge outlet 403 refers to the side closest to the inner wall of the head shield 4, that is, the side closest to the mud and water chamber 401. Mud enters the mud and water discharge outlet 403 through this side, and the other side from which the mud flows out is called the outlet surface. The definition of the outlet or inlet surface of the strainer 101 or the fixed filter section 502 is the same as that of the mud and water discharge outlet 403.

[0030] Common complex geological formations typically include the following: rock layers, soft upper soil layers with hard lower soil layers, and cohesive soil layers. If the slurry outlet 403 corresponding to the slurry chamber 401 has a fixed aperture, it is difficult to accommodate soil layers with diverse characteristics. The specific reasons are as follows: In complex geological formations, the particle size distribution of stones is uneven. If the aperture of the slurry screen is too large, some larger stones may get stuck in the screen, easily causing blockage. Alternatively, although some larger stones may pass through the mesh of the slurry screen into the subsequent cement discharge pipe, these stones exceed the flow capacity of the corresponding pipe, thus obstructing the flow of slurry and excavated soil, preventing the excavated soil system from transporting it normally. In summary, both situations will force the tunnel boring machine to stop for cleaning, severely affecting the continuity of construction. Furthermore, in practical engineering applications, during construction in composite strata with a soft upper layer and a hard lower layer, or in cohesive soil layers, if the mesh opening is small, the soft soil portion, due to its high viscosity, mixes with some of the crushed stone generated in the strata, forming cohesive clumps of slag. These clumps easily adhere to the mesh openings and surface. As construction progresses, these cohesive clumps accumulate at the mesh location, gradually clogging the flow openings and significantly reducing slag removal efficiency. This can further clog the slag removal system, potentially forcing the tunnel boring machine to stop for cleaning.

[0031] This embodiment provides a muck removal method suitable for slurry balance shield tunneling machines with complex interactive strata, referencing... Figures 1-8As shown, the tunnel boring machine includes a cutterhead 2, a rotary screen filter mechanism 1, a bidirectional flushing mechanism 3, a head shield 4, and a crushing mechanism 5. The cutterhead 2 is rotatably mounted at the front end of the head shield 4. The inner wall of the head shield 4 forms a mud-water chamber 401. The bottom of the head shield 4 has a mud-water discharge outlet 403 that penetrates the inner wall, through which the slurry inside the mud-water chamber 401 is discharged. A screen receiving cavity 402 is provided on both sides of the mud-water discharge outlet 403 inside the head shield 4. The mesh filtering mechanism 1 includes a mesh 101, which includes a first filter section 1011 and a second filter section 1012. The aperture of the first filter section 1011 is larger than that of the second filter section 1012. The mesh 101 is slidably installed in the mesh receiving cavity 402 and the mud and water discharge outlet 403 along the circumference of the shield body 4. By rotating the mesh 101, the first filter section 1011 and the second filter section 1012 can be rotated into the mud and water discharge outlet 403, or both can be stored in the mesh receiving cavity 402. The bidirectional flushing mechanism 3 includes a front nozzle 301 and a rear nozzle 302. The front nozzle 301 is a steerable nozzle used to adjust the flushing angle to the mud and water discharge outlet 403. The front nozzle 301 and the rear nozzle 302 are used to flush the strainer 101 bidirectionally. The cutter head 2 includes a cutter head housing 203 and a cutting blade 201. The panel of the cutter head housing 203 is provided with a cutting hole for installing the cutting blade 201. The cutting blade 201 can be replaced and installed in the cutting hole of the panel of the cutter head housing 203. By changing the type of cutting blade 201, it can be adapted to cutting complex and interactive strata. The crushing mechanism 5 is set on the inner wall of the head shield 4 and is used to crush the rock and soil inside the mud and water chamber 401.

[0032] When encountering a cohesive soil layer, both the first filter section 1011 and the second filter section 1012 rotate into the mesh receiving cavity 402.

[0033] When encountering a soft upper layer and hard lower layer of soil, the first filter section 1011 rotates to the interior of the mud and water discharge outlet 403.

[0034] When encountering a rock layer, the second filter section 1012 rotates into the interior of the mud and water discharge outlet 403.

[0035] It should be noted that the present invention slidably mounts the mesh 101 along the circumference of the shield body 4 within the mesh receiving cavity 402, and by rotating it, changes the working area of ​​the mesh 101, allowing it to have different working apertures, thus adapting to soil layers with various characteristics. Specifically, when encountering a rock layer, a second filter section 1012 with a smaller aperture is used to filter the mud and water flowing through the mud and water discharge outlet 403. The cutting blade 201 cuts and crushes the hard rock. The smaller mesh aperture can effectively intercept large-diameter stones, thereby preventing large stones from entering the subsequent cement discharge pipe, and thus effectively preventing blockage of the slag discharge system. When encountering a composite stratum with a soft upper layer and a hard lower layer, a first filter section 1011 with a slightly larger aperture is used to filter the mud and water flowing through the mud and water discharge outlet 403. At this time, because the amount of stones carried by the cut stratum is reduced, it is beneficial for the cutting blade disc 2 and the crushing mechanism 5 to crush the stones into smaller-diameter stones, which can then smoothly pass through the second filter section 1012 and the subsequent cement discharge pipe. During this process, clumps of slag will form. Using a first filter section 1011 with a slightly larger aperture facilitates the smooth passage of these clumps through the mesh of the first filter section 1011 into the subsequent cement discharge pipe. When encountering cohesive soil layers, and with the amount of rocks carried by the cutting of the strata further reduced, a strainer is not used. By rotating the strainer 101 into the strainer receiving cavity 402, a strainer is not placed inside the mud-water discharge outlet 403. This not only helps eliminate conditions for mud cake formation but also reduces slag discharge resistance. The amount of cohesive clumps formed during this process will further increase, allowing them to pass through the mud-water discharge outlet 403 more quickly into the subsequent cement discharge pipe. Simultaneously, when encountering cohesive soil layers, the excavation speed is generally increased appropriately. If the actual working mesh size of the strainer 101 is not adjusted accordingly, the slag discharge blockage problem will be further exacerbated. This setup, by adjusting the working mesh size of the strainer 101, reduces its slag discharge resistance, thereby enabling it to match higher excavation speeds.

[0036] The bidirectional flushing mechanism 3 includes a front nozzle 301 and a rear nozzle 302. The front nozzle 301 is a steerable nozzle, which can not only adjust the flushing angle of the mud and water discharge outlet 403, but also form a wider flushing range along the circumference of the head shield body 4. Simultaneously, the front nozzle 301 and the rear nozzle 302 are used for bidirectional flushing of the strainer 101, which not only allows the excavated soil to pass smoothly through the strainer 101 into the subsequent slurry discharge pipe, but also effectively prevents stones from getting stuck in the mesh of the filter section. Furthermore, by flushing the surface of the strainer 101, excavated soil is prevented from adhering to its surface, thus facilitating the subsequent rotation of the strainer 101 relative to the strainer receiving cavity 402.

[0037] The cutting blade 201 in the cutter head 2 is replaceable and installed in the blade hole of the cutter head housing 203 panel. When facing complex and alternating formations, the type of cutting blade 201 can be changed to adapt to cutting these formations. Specifically, by changing the type of cutting blade 201, not only can the slag and rock blocks in the corresponding formation be cut, but the cut slag and rock blocks can also be facilitated to enter the mud and water tank 401, thus facilitating subsequent slag removal.

[0038] Generally, the cutterhead housing 203 panel has multiple mud-passing holes 202, spaced alternately with the cutter holes, for the passage of slag and stone, allowing the slag and stone to smoothly enter the mud-water chamber 401. Inside the housing 203, multiple crushing supports 204 extend from its outer edge towards its axis in a strip-like arrangement. The crushing supports 204 and the sidewall extrusion spokes 502 crush the slag and stone inside the mud-water chamber 401. The crushed slag and stone are then filtered through a strainer 101 in the mud-water discharge outlet 403 before being discharged. If no strainer 101 is provided in the mud-water discharge outlet 403, the slag and stone are discharged directly through the outlet.

[0039] As a further preferred embodiment of the cutting tool 201, the cutting tool 201 includes a hob and a tearing cutter; when encountering a cohesive soil layer, the tearing cutter is installed in a cutter hole in the panel of the cutter head housing 203; when encountering a soft upper and hard lower soil layer and a rock layer, the hob is installed in a cutter hole in the panel of the cutter head housing 203.

[0040] In excavating soft-over-hard soil and rock layers, the cutting blade 201 is selected as a roller cutter, which is better adapted to the geological characteristics of the soil layer being cut. When excavating cohesive soil layers, the cutting blade 201 is selected as a tearing blade, which is better adapted to the characteristics of the strata being cut, easily cutting and breaking up the formed soil clumps. It can also further increase the opening ratio of the panel in the cutterhead housing 203, allowing the cut excavated rock to enter the slurry chamber 401 better through the mud holes 202. All of the above can be matched with the specific selection of the filter section in the slurry outlet 403, so that the slag discharge system works better and reduces slag discharge blockage when the tunnel boring machine faces complex and interactive strata.

[0041] It should also be noted that the strainer 101 may include more filter sections with different mesh sizes than the first filter section 1011 and the second filter section 1012, thereby forming more gradient working apertures. Generally speaking, having two filter sections with different mesh sizes inside the mud and water discharge outlet 403 can adapt to most complex and interactive strata. Therefore, the strainer 101 is preferably composed of a first filter section 1011 adapted to the rock layer and a second filter section 1012 adapted to the upper soft and lower hard soil layer, thereby avoiding excessively frequent shutdowns to adjust the working area of ​​the strainer 101.

[0042] To minimize the size of the strainer receiving cavity 402, preferably, the strainer receiving cavities 402 located on both sides of the mud and water discharge outlet 403 have different sizes. One cavity needs to be able to completely accommodate the strainer 101, while the other can accommodate only the second filter section 1012 or the first filter section 1011. (Reference) Figure 2 The image shows the state of the mesh receiving cavity 402 when the mesh 101 is not inside. The opening side of the mesh receiving cavity 402 is located near the mud and water discharge outlet 403 for the mesh 101 to enter and exit.

[0043] The inner wall of the shield body 4 has a connecting hole on its side edge near the mud and water discharge outlet 403, corresponding to the strain net 101. A bolt 104 passes through the corresponding connecting hole to lock the strain net 101 to the shield body 4, thus locking the relative position of the strain net 101 and the mud and water discharge outlet 403. Locking the strain net 101 with the bolt 104 after rotation facilitates quick locking of the strain net 101.

[0044] More specifically, the first filter section 1011 has a single row of connecting holes on both sides of its circumferential direction. When the first filter section 1011 rotates to face the mud and water discharge outlet 403, the locking screw passes through these two rows of connecting holes to lock the working area of ​​the strain net 101 in the mud and water discharge outlet 403. The locking method of the second filter section 1012 is similar. When both the first filter section 1011 and the second filter section 1012 rotate into the strain net receiving cavity 402, the bolt 104 passes through the two rows of connecting holes in the shield body 4 near the mud and water discharge outlet 403 to lock the strain net 101 inside the strain net receiving cavity 402. During the excavation of cohesive soil layers, this effectively prevents the strain net 101 from falling out of the strain net receiving cavity 402.

[0045] To facilitate the rotation of the strainer 101 relative to and from the mud and water discharge outlet 403, a handle 1043 is provided on the side edge of the strainer 101. The strainer 101 can be easily pulled out of the strainer receiving cavity 402 by dragging the handle 1043. Preferably, the handle 1043 is made of alloy steel. Given a fixed spatial dimension, the structural strength of the handle 1043 is maximized to prevent deformation.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment of the crushing mechanism 5, the crushing mechanism 5 includes a fixed filter section 502 and a plurality of sidewall extrusion spokes 501. The plurality of sidewall extrusion spokes 501 are distributed at intervals along the inner sidewall of the head shield body 4. The fixed filter section 502 is located above the mud and water discharge outlet 403 and is fixedly installed on the inner sidewall of the head shield body 4. The filter holes of the fixed filter section 502 are formed by the staggered distribution of a plurality of longitudinal extrusion spokes 5021 and a plurality of transverse spokes 5022, and the aperture of the fixed filter section 502 is larger than the aperture of the first filter section 1011 and the second filter section 1012.

[0047] The fixed filter section 502 is formed by the grid gaps created by the alternating distribution of longitudinal extrusion spokes 5021 and transverse spokes 5022. Its large pore size allows it to handle slag discharge from cohesive soil layers. Furthermore, the longitudinal extrusion spokes 5021 and multiple transverse spokes 5022 in the fixed filter section 502 can connect the two side walls of the shield body 4 located at the mud and water discharge outlet 403 into a single unit, thereby improving the structural strength of the shield body 4 at the mud and water discharge outlet 403.

[0048] Among them, the side wall extrusion spokes 501 and the longitudinal extrusion spokes 5021 are used to crush the rocks and soil inside the mud and water chamber 401, which helps to ensure the crushing effect of the slag inside the mud and water chamber 401.

[0049] As a further extension, multiple transverse spokes 5022 extend along the circumferential direction of the head shield body 4, with their ends extending directly above the two mesh receiving cavities 402. Each end of each spoke is provided with a longitudinal connecting spoke 5023, which is fixedly installed on the inner sidewall of the head shield body 4. The ends of multiple longitudinal extrusion spokes 5021 extend to the two end faces of the mud and water chamber 401, and each end of each spoke is provided with a transverse connecting spoke 5024. The transverse connecting spokes 5024 are fixedly installed on the two end faces of the mud and water chamber 401. This further improves the stability of the connection between the fixed filter part 502 and the head shield body 4.

[0050] refer to Figure 2 As shown, the individual longitudinal extrusion spokes 5021 and transverse spokes 5022 are orthogonally distributed.

[0051] The longitudinal connecting spokes 5023 are provided with connecting holes for locking the shield body 4 and the mesh 101. Accordingly, the bolts 104 pass through the corresponding connecting holes in the longitudinal connecting spokes 5023, the shield body 4, and the mesh 101 in sequence, thereby locking the relative position of the mesh 101 with respect to the mud and water discharge outlet 403.

[0052] As a further improvement to any of the above embodiments, the front nozzle 301 is located on the inner wall of the shield body 4 near the top of the shield body 4, and the mud and water outlet 403 is provided with a rear nozzle 302 on the other side away from the front nozzle 301. The front nozzle 301 and the rear nozzle 302 are used to rinse the inlet and outlet surfaces of the strainer 101.

[0053] Through the cooperation of the front nozzle 301 and the rear nozzle 302, a bidirectional flushing mode is formed for the mud and water discharge outlet 403, the working area of ​​the strainer 101, and the inlet and outlet surfaces of the fixed filter section 502 located above. The front nozzle 301 is used to disperse larger slag and mud clumps on the inlet surface of the strainer 101; the rear nozzle 302 is used to deeply flush the gaps of the strainer 101, flushing out residual fine particles, stuck slag or sticky deposits in the opposite direction.

[0054] During the rinsing process, the front nozzle 301 and the rear nozzle 302 can work simultaneously, forming a pincer movement against the strainer 101, the mud and water discharge port 403, and the fixed filter section 502, thereby achieving a comprehensive and thorough cleaning of the working area of ​​the strainer 101. The rinsing pressure of the front nozzle 301 and the rear nozzle 302 is ≥10MPa. Simultaneously, rinsing the strainer 101 removes surface dirt, effectively reducing jamming during its rotation.

[0055] When the mud and water discharge outlet 403 is not equipped with a strainer 101, the mud and water discharge outlet 403 and the fixed filter section 502 can be flushed by the front nozzle 301 and the rear nozzle 302, which is conducive to the smooth flow of slag discharge here.

[0056] Preferably, there are three front nozzles 301, which are positioned near the top of the inner wall of the shield body 4. Adjacent front nozzles 301 are spaced 10° to 15° apart circumferentially around the shield body 4. The arrangement of the front nozzles 301 on the inner wall of the shield body 4 is such that they do not interfere with the two mesh receiving cavities 402 and are easy to arrange.

[0057] The specific angle setting of the front nozzle 301 during the rinsing process can be adjusted according to the rinsing effect on site.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the front nozzle 301, the front nozzle 301 is a steerable nozzle. Specifically, it includes a spray head 3011, a nozzle housing 3012, an adjusting wrench 3013, and a universal ball joint 3014. Loosening the adjusting wrench 3013 and rotating the spray head 3011 causes the universal ball joint 3014 inside the nozzle housing 3012 to rotate. Tightening the adjusting wrench 3013 locks the angle of the universal ball joint 3014 relative to the nozzle housing 3012, thereby adjusting the flushing angle of the spray head 3011. This is used to adjust the flushing angle of the mud and water outlet 403, thereby improving the flushing effect on the mud and water outlet 403.

[0059] To prevent mud from entering the strainer cavity 402, a flexible sealing component can be provided on the opening side of the strainer cavity 402. The sealing component can be a gasket or a sealing ring. It is used to prevent mud and water from entering the strainer cavity 402 when it is empty, and to prevent mud and water from entering the strainer cavity 402 through the gap between the strainer 101 and the strainer cavity 402 when the strainer 101 is placed inside. In both states, the shape of the flexible gasket or sealing ring can be selected according to the on-site application.

[0060] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above illustratively. This description is not restrictive, and the figures shown are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for removing slag from a slurry-balanced shield tunneling machine suitable for complex interactive strata, characterized in that, The tunnel boring machine includes a cutterhead (2), a rotating screen filter mechanism (1), a bidirectional flushing mechanism (3), a head shield body (4), and a crushing mechanism (5). The cutterhead (2) is rotatably mounted at the front end of the head shield body (4). The inner wall of the head shield body (4) forms a mud and water chamber (401). The bottom of the head shield body (4) is provided with a mud and water discharge outlet (403) that penetrates the inner wall. The slurry inside the mud and water chamber (401) is discharged through the mud and water discharge outlet (403). The head shield body (4) is provided with a mesh receiving cavity (402) on both sides of the mud and water discharge outlet (403). The rotating mesh filter mechanism (1) includes a mesh (101), which includes a first filter section (1011) and a second filter section (1012). The aperture of the first filter section (1011) is larger than that of the second filter section (1012). The mesh (101) is slidably installed in the mesh receiving cavity (402) and the mud and water discharge outlet (403) along the circumference of the shield body (4). By rotating the mesh (101), the first filter section (1011) and the second filter section (1012) are respectively rotated into the mud and water discharge outlet (403), or both are stored in the mesh receiving cavity (402). Specifically, When encountering a cohesive soil layer, both the first filter section (1011) and the second filter section (1012) rotate into the mesh receiving cavity (402); When encountering a soft upper layer and hard lower layer of soil, the first filter section (1011) rotates into the interior of the mud and water discharge outlet (403); When encountering a rock layer, the second filter section (1012) rotates into the interior of the mud and water discharge outlet (403); The bidirectional flushing mechanism (3) includes a front nozzle (301) and a rear nozzle (302). The front nozzle (301) is a steerable nozzle used to adjust the flushing angle to the mud and water discharge outlet (403). The front nozzle (301) and the rear nozzle (302) are used to flush the strainer (101) bidirectionally. The tool changing cutting disc (2) includes a disc housing (203) and a cutting blade (201). The panel of the disc housing (203) is provided with a cutting hole. The cutting blade (201) can be replaced and installed in the cutting hole of the panel of the disc housing (203). By changing the type of cutting blade (201), it can be adapted to cutting complex interactive formations. The crushing mechanism (5) is located on the inner wall of the head shield body (4) and is used to crush the rocks and soil inside the mud and water chamber (401).

2. The slag removal method for slurry balance shield tunneling machines applicable to complex interactive strata as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting tool (201) includes a hob and a tearing tool; When encountering cohesive soil layers, the tearing blade is installed in the cutter hole of the cutter head housing (203) panel to increase the mud-passing area in the cutter head housing panel; When encountering soft soil layers and hard rock layers, the cutter is installed in the cutter hole of the cutter head housing (203) panel.

3. The slag removal method for slurry balance shield tunneling machines applicable to complex interactive strata as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The strainer (101) is provided with multiple rows of spaced connecting holes to provide at least three locking positions of the strainer (101) relative to the mud and water outlet (403), so as to respectively realize that the first filter part (1011) is installed inside the mud and water outlet (403), the second filter part (1012) is installed inside the mud and water outlet (403), and both the first filter part (1011) and the second filter part (1012) are installed inside the strainer receiving cavity (402); The inner side wall of the head shield (4) near the mud and water outlet (403) is provided with a connecting hole corresponding to the strain net (101). The strain net (101) is locked to the head shield (4) by passing a bolt (104) through the corresponding connecting hole, thereby locking the relative position of the strain net (101) and the mud and water outlet (403).

4. The muck removal method for a slurry balance shield tunneling machine suitable for complex interactive strata as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The side edge of the mesh (101) is provided with a handle (1013) for pulling the mesh (101) out of the mesh receiving cavity (402).

5. The slag removal method for a slurry balance shield tunneling machine suitable for complex interactive strata as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The crushing mechanism (5) includes a fixed filter section (502) and multiple sidewall extrusion spokes (501). The multiple sidewall extrusion spokes (501) are distributed at intervals along the inner sidewall of the head shield body (4) in the circumferential direction. The fixed filter section (502) is located above the mud and water discharge outlet (403) and is fixedly installed on the inner sidewall of the head shield body (4). It is formed by multiple longitudinal extrusion spokes (5021) and multiple transverse spokes (5022) in an alternating distribution, and the aperture is larger than the aperture of the first filter section (1011) and the second filter section (1012). Both the sidewall extrusion spokes (501) and the longitudinal extrusion spokes (5021) are used to crush the rock and soil inside the mud chamber (401).

6. The slag removal method for a slurry balance shield tunneling machine suitable for complex interactive strata as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Multiple transverse spokes (5022) extend along the circumferential direction of the head shield body (4), with their two ends extending directly above the two mesh receiving cavities (402), and each end is provided with a longitudinal connecting spoke (5023), which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the head shield body (4); Multiple longitudinal extruded spokes (5021) extend to both ends of the mud and water tank (401), and each end is provided with a transverse connecting spoke (5024); the transverse connecting spoke (5024) is fixedly installed on both ends of the mud and water tank (401); Among them, the longitudinal connecting spokes (5023) are provided with connecting holes for locking the head shield body (4) and the mesh (101).

7. The muck removal method for a slurry balance shield tunneling machine suitable for complex interactive strata according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The front nozzle (301) is located on the inner wall of the shield body (4) near the top of the shield. The mud and water outlet (403) is provided with a rear nozzle (106) on the other side away from the front nozzle (301). The front nozzle (301) and the rear nozzle (302) are used to flush the inlet and outlet surfaces of the mud and water outlet (403).

8. The slag removal method for a slurry balance shield tunneling machine suitable for complex interactive strata as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The mesh receiving cavity (402) is provided with a flexible sealing component on the opening side near the mud and water discharge outlet (403) to prevent mud and water from entering the interior of the mesh receiving cavity (402).

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