New energy station integrated distribution transformer measurement and control terminal based on power gap OS system

Abstract

The invention discloses a new energy station integrated distribution transformer measurement and control terminal based on an electric power swan OS system, and the terminal is provided with a main control module, a signal collection module, a switching value access module, a communication module, an execution module, and a geographic positioning module. When the main control module receives the electric quantity and / or the temperature and sends the electric quantity and / or the temperature to the Internet of Things unified service platform through the communication module, the Internet of Things unified service platform issues control information to the main control module, and the main control module controls the geographic positioning module to collect equipment position information corresponding to the electric quantity and / or the temperature according to the control information. The master control module controls the execution module to drive the grading action instruction according to the equipment position information and the control information, integrates high-precision metering, self-adaptive temperature protection, edge decision and remote operation and maintenance, is suitable for state monitoring and fault protection of the distribution transformer area, and improves the temperature monitoring and electric quantity metering accuracy of the distribution transformer measurement and control terminal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power Internet of Things technology, and in particular relates to an integrated distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal for new energy power plants based on the HarmonyOS power system. Background Technology

[0002] Distribution transformer monitoring and control terminals can be widely used in demand-side applications such as distribution transformer monitoring and remote meter reading. Equipped with a large-capacity memory, they can connect to residual current devices, reactive power compensation devices, and other related equipment to monitor the electrical parameters of relevant transformer substations (such as JP cabinets). Traditional terminals only support 2-3 communication methods (such as RS485 and 4G) and are typically incompatible with multiple protocols such as Ethernet, low-power wireless, and LoRa, requiring additional communication aggregation equipment to be deployed at multiple monitoring points. Furthermore, the protocols between the terminal and the main station system are often fragmented (e.g., Modbus and DL / T 645 coexist), and terminal installation requires manual climbing and opening of cabinets for on-site maintenance. In temperature monitoring and power metering, the lack of spatial location identifiers makes cross-vendor device collaboration difficult, resulting in a high data fusion failure rate and hindering rapid device location and maintenance, thus affecting the effectiveness of rapid fault location and remote operation and maintenance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an integrated distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal for new energy power plants based on the HarmonyOS power system to solve the aforementioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides an integrated distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal for new energy power stations based on the HarmonyOS system, which integrates high-precision metering, adaptive temperature protection, edge decision-making and remote operation and maintenance, and is suitable for distribution transformer area status monitoring and fault protection. The specific technical solution adopted is as follows.

[0004] This invention provides an integrated distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal for new energy power plants based on the HarmonyOS power system. The distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal includes a main control module, a signal acquisition module, a switch quantity access module, a communication module, an execution module, and a geographic positioning module. The signal acquisition module, the switch quantity access module, the communication module, the execution module, and the geographic positioning module are all connected to the main control module. The signal acquisition module includes a three-phase electrical quantity metering unit and a temperature acquisition unit. The three-phase electrical quantity metering unit is used to acquire the power of the distribution transformer area terminal, and the temperature acquisition unit is used to monitor the temperature of the distribution transformer area terminal. When the main control module receives the power and / or temperature data and sends it to the IoT unified service platform via the communication module, and an anomaly occurs, the IoT unified service platform sends control information to the main control module. The main control module then controls the geolocation module to collect the device location information corresponding to the power and / or temperature data based on the control information. Finally, the main control module controls the execution module to drive hierarchical action instructions based on the device location information and the control information.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the temperature acquisition unit includes a bridge circuit, an instrumentation amplifier, a slave MCU, and a UART signal isolation circuit connected in sequence, and the UART signal isolation circuit is connected to the main control module; The bridge circuit includes a temperature sensor PT100, resistors R1, R2, and R3. The positive output terminal of the temperature sensor PT100 is connected to one end of resistor R1 and the positive input terminal of the instrumentation amplifier. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to one end of resistor R2 and the voltage VREF. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to one end of resistor R3 and the negative input terminal of the instrumentation amplifier. The other end of resistor R3 is connected to the negative output terminal of the temperature sensor PT100 and grounded.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the multi-parameter coordinated control process of temperature and three-phase current in the temperature acquisition unit includes: The PT100 temperature sensor samples and outputs a differential signal to the bridge circuit. The instrumentation amplifier receives the differential signal and amplifies it before outputting it to the slave MCU for analog voltage acquisition. The slave MCU digitizes the analog voltage and sends it to the master control module through the UART signal isolation circuit. The main control module performs algorithmic analysis on the original value of the digitized analog voltage and makes corresponding control decisions based on temperature, current, and relay output.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the main control module performs algorithmic analysis on the original value of the digitized analog voltage, and combines this with control decisions corresponding to temperature, current, and relay output, including: By combining the PT100 temperature sensor, instrumentation amplifier, and bridge circuit, the algorithm for calculating the temperature-corresponding resistance value of the PT100 temperature sensor is derived. The resistance values ​​of the temperature sensor corresponding to different temperatures are as follows: (1) Where R represents the target output value, This indicates the nominal resistance value at 0℃. Let A represent the resistance of the conductor, B represent the first-order temperature coefficient, and t represent the second-order temperature coefficient.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the derivation of the bridge circuit algorithm and the instrumentation amplifier algorithm for the PT100 temperature sensor includes: Voltage at the upper arm of the bridge: ; Voltage at the lower half of the bridge voltage divider: ; Instrumentation amplifier output voltage: in, , , VREF represents the fixed resistance of the bridge circuit, and VREF represents the excitation voltage of the bridge circuit. This represents the voltage at the positive output terminal of the bridge circuit. This indicates the voltage at the negative output terminal of the bridge. Indicates differential input voltage. Indicates the output voltage. This represents the total value of the feedback resistance. Indicates the external gain resistor. Indicates the gain coefficient. Indicates the total gain; The main control module integrates a temperature-to-resistance algorithm for the PT100 temperature sensor, an algorithm for the PT100 temperature sensor to form a bridge circuit, and an instrumentation amplifier algorithm to derive the final temperature, including: The temperature restoration algorithm is obtained through inverse operation: .

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the graded action instructions include at least one of the following: fan control, fault alarm, over-temperature and over-current alarm, over-temperature trip, or over-current trip; and the control information includes at least one of the following: terminal data centralized management, remote policy distribution, intelligent analysis and collaboration, edge linkage, or platform big data early warning.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the switch input module includes a passive switch input unit and an active input function unit. The passive switch input unit is used to monitor at least one of the temperature, oil pressure, air pressure threshold alarm or trip signal of the distribution transformer area. The active input function unit is used to connect external switch inputs.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the communication module includes a wireless communication unit and a wired communication unit. The wireless communication unit includes a TPUNB communication module, a 4G / 5G communication module, a Bluetooth module, and a StarFlash module. The wired communication unit includes an Ethernet (ETH) module and a wired RS485 communication module. The 4G / 5G communication module and the TPUNB communication module form a first northbound communication channel. The Bluetooth module, the StarFlash module, and the wired RS485 communication module form a second northbound communication channel. The Ethernet (ETH) module achieves bidirectional transmission of southbound data acquisition and northbound control through VLAN isolation.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the star-flash functional module includes a star-flash circuit breaker, a star-flash phase-commutation switch, a star-flash sensor, and a star-flash terminal, all connected to the main control module. The star-flash circuit breaker is used to transmit opening and closing commands to the execution module. The star-flash phase-commutation switch is used to transmit three-phase imbalance mitigation-phase commutation commands to the execution module. The star-flash sensor is used to send sensor data to the execution module for edge computing. The star-flash terminal is used to transmit fused data to the execution module. The star-flash sensor includes at least one of water immersion, smoke, vibration, temperature, or door status sensors. The fused data includes at least two of the following: opening and closing commands, three-phase imbalance mitigation-phase commutation commands, and sensor data.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal includes a power failure detection module, a terminal power supply module, and a data storage module. The power failure detection module and the data storage module are both connected to the main control module. The terminal power supply module is connected to the power failure detection module. The geographic positioning module includes at least one satellite positioning mode selected from DBS, GPS, or Galileo. The execution module uses MOSFETs and transistor arrays to drive relays to achieve graded actions.

[0014] This invention provides an integrated distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal for new energy power plants based on the HarmonyOS power system. It comprises a main control module, a signal acquisition module, a switch input module, a communication module, an execution module, and a geolocation module. The signal acquisition module includes a three-phase electrical quantity metering unit and a temperature acquisition unit. The main control module receives power and / or temperature readings and transmits them to the unified IoT business platform via the communication module. In case of an anomaly, the unified IoT business platform sends control information to the main control module. Based on the control information, the main control module controls the geolocation module to collect the corresponding equipment location information for power and / or temperature. The main control module then controls the execution module to drive hierarchical action commands based on the equipment location information and the control information. This integrates high-precision metering, adaptive temperature protection, edge decision-making, and remote operation and maintenance, making it suitable for distribution transformer area status monitoring and fault protection. It improves the accuracy of temperature monitoring and power metering in the distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal, ensuring the stability of the terminal's operation. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the north-south communication layered model provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a topology diagram of the StarShine multi-protocol adaptive engine provided by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the topology for accessing the star-flash device provided by the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive logic of the RS485 protocol provided by the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the temperature acquisition and electrical isolation functions provided by the present invention; Figure 8 A circuit diagram of the bridge structure circuit provided by the present invention; Figure 9 Circuit diagrams of the temperature nonlinearization algorithm and error compensation algorithm provided by this invention; Figure 10 The temperature-voltage curves verified using MathCAD are provided for this invention; Figure 11 A flowchart illustrating the reverse derivation of the final temperature from the integrated electrochemical main control system provided by this invention; Figure 12 Voltage-temperature curves verified using MathCAD are provided for this invention; Figure 13 The flowchart of the control algorithm for the main control module provided by this invention.

[0017] The symbols for the main components are explained below: 10-Main control module; 20-Signal acquisition module; 21-Three-phase electrical quantity metering unit; 22-Temperature acquisition unit; 30-Switch quantity access module; 40-Communication module; 50-Execution module; 60-Geographic positioning module. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0019] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 This invention provides an integrated distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal for new energy power plants based on the HarmonyOS power system. The distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal includes a main control module, a signal acquisition module, a switch quantity access module, a communication module, an execution module, and a geographic positioning module. The signal acquisition module, the switch quantity access module, the communication module, the execution module, and the geographic positioning module are all connected to the main control module. The signal acquisition module includes a three-phase electrical quantity metering unit and a temperature acquisition unit. The three-phase electrical quantity metering unit is used to acquire the power of the distribution transformer area terminal, and the temperature acquisition unit is used to monitor the temperature of the distribution transformer area terminal. When the main control module receives the power and / or temperature data and sends it to the IoT unified service platform via the communication module, and an anomaly occurs, the IoT unified service platform sends control information to the main control module. The main control module then controls the geolocation module to collect the device location information corresponding to the power and / or temperature data based on the control information. Finally, the main control module controls the execution module to drive hierarchical action instructions based on the device location information and the control information.

[0020] In this embodiment, the temperature acquisition unit includes a bridge circuit, an instrumentation amplifier, a slave MCU, and a UART signal isolation circuit connected in sequence. The UART signal isolation circuit is connected to the main control module. The bridge circuit includes a temperature sensor PT100, resistors R1, R2, and R3. The positive output terminal of the temperature sensor PT100 is connected to one end of resistor R1 and the positive input terminal of the instrumentation amplifier. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to one end of resistor R2 and the voltage VREF. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to one end of resistor R3 and the negative input terminal of the instrumentation amplifier. The other end of resistor R3 is connected to the negative output terminal of the temperature sensor PT100 and grounded. The graded action commands include at least one of fan control, fault alarm, over-temperature and over-current alarm, over-temperature trip, or over-current trip. The control information includes at least one of terminal data centralized management, remote policy distribution, intelligent analysis and collaboration, edge linkage, or platform big data early warning. The digital input module includes a passive digital input unit and an active digital input function unit. The passive digital input unit is used to monitor at least one of the following: temperature, oil pressure, air pressure threshold alarm, or trip signal in the distribution transformer area. The active digital input function unit is used to connect external digital inputs. The distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal includes a power failure detection module, a terminal power supply module, and a data storage module. The power failure detection module and the data storage module are both connected to the main control module. The terminal power supply module is connected to the power failure detection module. The geolocation module includes at least one satellite positioning mode selected from DBS, GPS, or Galileo. The execution module uses MOSFETs and transistor arrays to drive relays to achieve graded actions.

[0021] It should be noted that the distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal has edge management capabilities, and the main functional modules of the distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal include the following: Main control module (corresponding) Figure 2 The "Power HarmonyOS main control module" in the system uses a high-performance SOC to run the Power HarmonyOS, which is responsible for data fusion, edge decision-making and resource scheduling. Signal acquisition module: Three-phase electrical quantity metering ( Figure 2 "Three-phase metering and acquisition function module" and temperature acquisition ( Figure 2 The "Transformer Temperature Acquisition Function Module (4 channels)" in the middle section is as follows: Temperature sensor PT100 (three-wire system) → HST bridge → Instrumentation amplifier → Slave MCU digitization → Transmission to the main controller via optocoupler / capacitor / transformer and other isolation. Switch input module: monitors circuit breaker opening and closing positions, disconnector status, remote interlocking commands, upstream protection action signals, door status, etc.; supports passive switch input for "oil transformer monitoring" (temperature / oil pressure / air pressure threshold alarms and trip signals), with strong scalability. Figure 2The terms "6-channel active input function module (external switch quantity)" and "6-channel active input function module" are listed in the text. Communication Module: Wireless Communication: TPUNB communication system (470MHz RF), Bluetooth (Mesh networking), Starflash (high-speed short-range), 4G / 5G (self-healing mechanism: automatic switching when 4G signal is weak) (corresponding to) Figure 2 The modules include "TPUNB Function Module (System)", "4G / 5G Communication Function Module", "Bluetooth Function Module", and "Star Flash Function Module"; wired communication: Ethernet: supports free switching between IEC 61850 / 104 / 101 protocols ( Figure 2 Ethernet (ETH) in the middle; 3-way RS485: supports Modbus RTU / DLT645 protocol switching ( Figure 2 (The "3-channel RS485 wired communication module" is mentioned in the original text.) Execution module: Uses MOSFET + transistor array to drive relays to achieve graded action. Figure 2 (Mapping); Fan control → "2-channel active output function module (external fan, etc.)"; Fault alarm / over-temperature and over-current alarm → "2-channel passive output function module (switching output)"; Over-temperature / over-current trip → "2-channel passive output function module" contact; IoT Platform Integration: Seamless access to the unified IoT business platform via TPUNB / 4G / 5G multi-channel ( Figure 2 The system includes a top-level "Unified IoT Business Platform" for terminal data management (power / temperature / location / three-phase imbalance management in transformer areas, etc.); remote policy distribution (protection thresholds / control commands / imbalance scheduling policies, etc.); intelligent analysis and collaboration; edge linkage; and platform big data early warning (regional overload / three-phase imbalance, etc.).

[0022] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal is suitable for low-voltage distribution area environmental monitoring, equipment control, and data acquisition scenarios. Its functional characteristics for constructing a north-south communication hierarchical model are as follows: Northbound dual-channel independent concurrency: 4G / 5G and TPUNB physical layers are completely independent, independently uploading the same or different data to the unified IoT service platform; TPUNB private network enhanced features: the physical layer adopts the MuFFS protocol (joint S-FSK modulation), with anti-interference gain >10dB, improving coverage in rural blind areas by 60%; supports deterministic time slot pre-allocation + ALOHA random scheduling, a single gateway supports 80 terminals or 2 seconds of concurrency, and metering data packet loss rate <0.1%; Southbound tri-protocol integration: The RS485 interface supports adaptive recognition of Modbus RTU / DLT645-2007 protocols (frame header feature detection), and StarScan supports CJSON / Modbus / DLT645 multi-protocol conversion; Ethernet bidirectional channel: Enables bidirectional transmission of southbound data acquisition (IEC 61850 SV sampled values) and northbound control (GOOSE trip command) through VLAN isolation.

[0023] Southbound data acquisition device expansion: Bluetooth Mesh networking device types are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Bluetooth Mesh Networking Device Types The advantages of expanding southward data acquisition equipment are: replacing wired deployment, reducing construction costs by 60%; solving the problem of weak 4G signals in remote areas; meeting power safety operating distance standards; and enabling full lifecycle tracking of equipment.

[0024] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the multi-protocol adaptive engine of the StarSpark protocol and topology design includes an electro-homed main controller, multiple frame headers, a CJSON parser, a Modbus parser, and a DLT645 parser. The electro-homed main controller (module) includes the StarSpark physical layer and the protocol conversion layer. The electro-homed main controller sends frame header 0x7B (custom) to the CJSON parser, frame header 0x01 to the Modbus parser, and frame header 0x68 to the DLT645 parser. The corresponding core mechanism is: automatic protocol switching: dynamically loading the protocol stack based on physical layer frame header identification (CJSON: {0x7B (custom), Modbus: 0x01, DLT645: 0x68}).

[0025] Specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, the Star Flash functional module includes a Star Flash circuit breaker, a Star Flash phase-changing switch, a Star Flash sensor, and a Star Flash terminal, all connected to the main control module. The Star Flash circuit breaker transmits opening and closing commands to the execution module. The Star Flash phase-changing switch transmits three-phase imbalance mitigation-phase commutation commands to the execution module. The Star Flash sensor sends sensor data to the execution module for edge computing. The Star Flash terminal transmits fused data to the execution module. The Star Flash sensor includes at least one of water immersion, smoke, vibration, temperature, or door status sensors. The fused data includes at least two of the following: opening and closing commands, three-phase imbalance mitigation-phase commutation commands, and sensor data.

[0026] In other words, the StarShine device access topology includes the Dianhonghua main control unit (StarShine main control terminal), StarShine circuit breaker, StarShine phase-changing switch, StarShine sensor, and StarShine terminal. The Dianhonghua main control unit sends the opening and closing commands of the StarShine circuit breaker to the execution unit of the execution module. The Dianhonghua main control unit sends the three-phase imbalance treatment-phase switching of the StarShine phase-changing switch to the execution unit of the execution module. The Dianhonghua main control unit sends the sensor data of the StarShine sensors (water immersion, smoke detection, vibration, temperature, door status, partial discharge, etc.) to the execution module for edge computing. The Dianhonghua main control unit fuses the data of the StarShine terminals (energy meters, low-voltage power cabinet connectors) and sends them to the execution module for edge computing. The characteristics of the StarShine device access topology are: strong compatibility and functionality: it is applicable to custom protocols and also has the function expansion and upgrade capabilities of old equipment (commonly Modbus or DLT645). Replacing the StarShine module achieves seamless communication upgrades without modifying the old equipment code, thus realizing unified IoT communication; medium and long-distance communication and device positioning: based on a unique function of StarShine, it can use the integrated distribution transformer terminal as the center and infer the location of sub-devices through the broadcast access devices, which is helpful for the distribution of electricity in the transformer area, energy management, and after-sales maintenance.

[0027] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, the RS485 and Ethernet protocol are integrated in the design. The RS485 protocol adaptive logic includes: power-on self-test / autonomous detection; checking if the first byte is 0x68; if yes, starting DLT345 mode; if no, starting Modbus_CRC verification; if the verification passes, starting Modbus mode; if it fails, recording the abnormal frame and resetting the port. Hardware design: multi-channel independent RS485 channel design; supports surge protection (±15kV ESD); signal isolation (optical coupler / capacitor physical isolation). The bidirectional channel implementation of the Ethernet port is shown in Table 2: Table 2. Implementation of bidirectional Ethernet port channel The advantages of traditional solutions (existing technologies) are compared in Table 3: Table 3 Comparison of Advantages Optionally, the multi-parameter coordinated control process of temperature and three-phase current in the temperature acquisition unit includes: The PT100 temperature sensor samples and outputs a differential signal to the bridge circuit. The instrumentation amplifier receives the differential signal and amplifies it before outputting it to the slave MCU for analog voltage acquisition. The slave MCU digitizes the analog voltage and sends it to the master control module through the UART signal isolation circuit. The main control module performs algorithmic analysis on the original value of the digitized analog voltage and makes corresponding control decisions based on temperature, current, and relay output.

[0028] In this embodiment, as Figure 7 As shown, the multi-parameter coordinated control method of temperature and three-phase current of the distribution transformer measurement and control terminal includes: (1) the temperature sensor PT100 (three-wire system) is used to sample the precise resistance value to form the HST bridge line group compensation output differential signal; (2) the differential signal is amplified by the programmable instrumentation amplifier and output to the MCU for analog voltage acquisition; (3) the MCU digitizes the 4-channel analog voltage and provides it to the Dianhonghua main control through optocoupler / capacitor / transformer electrical isolation; (4) the Dianhonghua main control performs algorithm analysis of the original value and combines the temperature and current control relay output to achieve the protection of the power supply stability and safety of the distribution transformer area.

[0029] It should be noted that the main functional structures of temperature acquisition and electrical isolation design include: Bridge-type line resistance compensation: such as Figure 8 As shown, based on the HST bridge structure (composed of R1, R2, PT100, and R3), the temperature sensor PT100 has three leads. One end has one lead connected to the "+" terminal, and the other end has two leads connected to "-" and "GND". The purpose of this structure is to solve the "line resistance" caused by the transmission line distance between the temperature sensor PT100's monitoring position and the supporting terminal. The "-" and "GND" transmission lines of the temperature sensor PT100 are connected in parallel to the integrated measurement and control terminal. By raising the voltage value at the temperature sensor PT100 terminal through "GND", the resistance of "-" and "GND" is equivalent to "0Ω", effectively eliminating the line resistance of the temperature sensor connected to the "GND and -" terminals.

[0030] High-precision differential signal amplification: Based on an instrumentation amplifier with common-mode rejection ratio, high input impedance, programmable amplification factor, and high gain accuracy and linearity, the HST bridge structure is flexibly applied to accurately amplify the minute voltage of the PT100 temperature sensor, and the programmable output high-precision amplified signal provides the system's analog voltage acquisition. High-precision acquisition and digital conversion: Based on the MCU acquisition instrumentation amplifier (signal amplification), the analog signal is digitized, and the acquired raw value is transmitted to the main control of Dianhonghua through signal electrical isolation such as optocoupler / capacitor / transformer for algorithm calculation, compensation and other processing; Temperature nonlinearity algorithm and error compensation algorithm: Combining the PT100 temperature sensor, instrumentation amplifier, and HST bridge circuit structure, the final temperature algorithm is derived, such as... Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 This is the circuit structure.

[0031] The main control module performs algorithmic analysis on the digitized analog voltage, combining this with temperature, current, and corresponding control decisions based on relay outputs, including: By combining the PT100 temperature sensor, instrumentation amplifier, and bridge circuit, the algorithm for calculating the temperature-corresponding resistance value of the PT100 temperature sensor is derived. The resistance values ​​of the temperature sensor corresponding to different temperatures are as follows: (1) Where R represents the target output value, This indicates the nominal resistance value at 0℃. The resistance of the conductor is represented by A, the first-order temperature coefficient is represented by B, and t represents the temperature. Specific parameter interpretations are shown in Table 4. Table 4 Parameter Explanation Optionally, the derivation of the bridge circuit algorithm and the instrumentation amplifier algorithm for the temperature sensor PT100 includes: Voltage at the upper arm of the bridge: ; Voltage at the lower half of the bridge voltage divider: ; Instrumentation amplifier output voltage: in, , , VREF represents the fixed resistance of the bridge circuit, and VREF represents the excitation voltage of the bridge circuit. This represents the voltage at the positive output terminal of the bridge circuit. This indicates the voltage at the negative output terminal of the bridge. Indicates differential input voltage. Indicates the output voltage. This represents the total value of the feedback resistance. Indicates the external gain resistor. Indicates the gain coefficient. Indicates the total gain; verification algorithm (using MathCAD for xy verification), corresponding voltage output at different temperatures (temperature-voltage curve), such as... Figure 10 As shown, the voltage changes with nonlinear temperature. The parameters in the algorithm derivation of the temperature sensor PT100 constituting the HST bridge and instrumentation amplifier are explained in Table 5. Table 5 Parameter Explanation like Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11This demonstrates how the main control module of the electro-hydraulic device integrates the above algorithms to derive the final temperature. The main control module integrates an algorithm that calculates the temperature-to-resistance value of the PT100 temperature sensor, an algorithm that uses the PT100 temperature sensor to form a bridge circuit, and an instrumentation amplifier algorithm to derive the final temperature, including: The temperature restoration algorithm is obtained through inverse operation: .

[0032] The verification algorithm (using MathCAD for xy verification) shows that different voltages correspond to different temperatures (voltage-temperature curves), such as... Figure 12 As shown, the voltage-temperature curve is symmetrical to the temperature-voltage curve. Based on the above circuit design and algorithm, its core value lies in: Equipment safety: Optocoupler / capacitor / transformer signal isolation + sacrificial slave design, blocking high voltage risks and ensuring zero damage to the main control unit; Flexible expansion: Open coefficient matrix and communication interface, supporting seamless upgrades to future functions (MCU only sends raw values, which are then processed by electronic data processing). Significant improvement in accuracy: Through HST bridge three-wire system + instrumentation amplifier precision amplification + Rx dynamic compensation, the full-range temperature error is ≤±0.5℃. The core of the intelligent linkage control strategy system lies in realizing the coupling analysis of current and temperature dual parameters through edge computing, triggering the action of graded relays, and ensuring the safe operation of equipment, as shown in Tables 6 and 7.

[0033] Table 6 Signal Acquisition Layer Table 7 Overload graded protection linkage control logic The temperature thresholds for warning, alarm, and trip levels can be freely set according to on-site usage.

[0034] Specifically, such as Figure 13 As shown, the control process includes: three-phase current acquisition, RMS calculation and harmonic analysis, and overload / imbalance judgment; temperature signal acquisition, error compensation and temperature gradient early warning; collaborative decision-making for active start-stop operation of the fan; coordinated decision-making (T>130℃ & I>120%) for passive start-up and alarm output; and collaborative decision-making for passive start-up tripping under the condition T>150℃ or predicted overcurrent. Table 7 shows a comparison of the technical advantages. Table 7 Technical Advantages This strategy employs a combination of "current-temperature dual-parameter coupling analysis" and "edge prediction algorithm". Achieving multi-parameter coordination: linking graded thresholds with current and temperature rise rate to block thermal runaway paths; Fast response: Predictive algorithms enable tripping actions to be 5 times faster than traditional solutions; Reliable execution: Optocoupler isolation + relay ensures the safety of the output circuit.

[0035] It should be noted that the integrated design integrates metering, temperature monitoring, and protection execution into a single terminal, eliminating multi-device collaborative failures. The Dianhonghua main control module utilizes an edge decision-making architecture based on the Power HarmonyOS to achieve data fusion and resource scheduling. The multi-protocol communication mechanism includes: Southbound three-protocol fusion: the RS485 interface supports Modbus RTU / DLT645-2007 adaptive identification (frame header feature detection); Northbound dual-channel concurrency: 4G / 5G and TPUNB physical layers are independent, with data distributed according to service priority tags (no handover latency); StarScan multi-protocol conversion: supports CJSON / Modbus / DLT645 dynamic protocol stack loading.

[0036] The high-precision temperature protection system mainly includes: a three-wire PT100 + HST bridge + instrumentation amplifier circuit design; a temperature nonlinearity compensation algorithm; and an overload graded protection strategy: current-temperature dual-parameter coupling triggers L1~L3 level actions (early warning → alarm → trip). Positioning and maintenance optimization includes: tri-mode satellite positioning (DBS / GPS / Galileo) accuracy ≤2 meters; an event-space binding mechanism: fault coordinates are automatically associated with IoT platform work orders; and remote collaboration: real-time synchronization of IoT unified business platform annotations to the maintenance APP. Cloud-based collaborative capabilities are reflected in: the IoT platform supports the location management of millions of devices; and digital twin reverse control: clicking on virtual devices to operate physical terminals (such as remote circuit breaker reclosing and phase-changing switch switching).

[0037] It should be understood that the communication module includes a wireless communication unit and a wired communication unit. The wireless communication unit includes a TPUNB communication function module, a 4G / 5G communication function module, a Bluetooth function module, and a StarFlash function module. The wired communication unit includes an Ethernet (ETH) function module and a wired RS485 communication function module. The 4G / 5G communication function module and the TPUNB communication function module form a first northbound communication channel. The Bluetooth function module, the StarFlash function module, and the wired RS485 communication function module form a second northbound communication channel. The Ethernet (ETH) function module achieves bidirectional transmission of southbound data acquisition and northbound control through VLAN isolation. By configuring a main control module, signal acquisition module, switch input module, communication module, execution module, and geolocation module, the signal acquisition module includes a three-phase electrical quantity metering unit and a temperature acquisition unit. The main control module receives the power and / or temperature data and sends it to the IoT unified business platform through the communication module. When an anomaly occurs, the IoT unified business platform sends control information to the main control module. The main control module controls the geolocation module to collect the device location information corresponding to the power and / or temperature data based on the control information. The main control module controls the execution module to drive hierarchical action instructions based on the device location information and the control information. This integrates high-precision metering, adaptive temperature protection, edge decision-making, and remote operation and maintenance, making it suitable for distribution transformer area status monitoring and fault protection. It improves the accuracy of temperature monitoring and power metering in the distribution transformer measurement and control terminal and ensures the stability of terminal operation.

[0038] In all examples shown and described herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations; therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0039] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0040] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new energy power plant integrated distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal based on the HarmonyOS power system, characterized in that, The distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal includes a main control module, a signal acquisition module, a switch quantity access module, a communication module, an execution module, and a geographic positioning module. The signal acquisition module, the switch quantity access module, the communication module, the execution module, and the geographic positioning module are all connected to the main control module. The signal acquisition module includes a three-phase electrical quantity metering unit and a temperature acquisition unit. The three-phase electrical quantity metering unit is used to acquire the power of the distribution transformer area terminal, and the temperature acquisition unit is used to monitor the temperature of the distribution transformer area terminal. When the main control module receives the power and / or temperature data and sends it to the IoT unified service platform via the communication module, and an anomaly occurs, the IoT unified service platform sends control information to the main control module. The main control module then controls the geolocation module to collect the device location information corresponding to the power and / or temperature data based on the control information. Finally, the main control module controls the execution module to drive hierarchical action instructions based on the device location information and the control information.

2. The integrated distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal for new energy power plants based on the HarmonyOS power system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature acquisition unit includes a bridge circuit, an instrumentation amplifier, a slave MCU, and a UART signal isolation circuit connected in sequence, and the UART signal isolation circuit is connected to the main control module. The bridge circuit includes a temperature sensor PT100, resistors R1, R2, and R3. The positive output terminal of the temperature sensor PT100 is connected to one end of resistor R1 and the positive input terminal of the instrumentation amplifier. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to one end of resistor R2 and the voltage VREF. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to one end of resistor R3 and the negative input terminal of the instrumentation amplifier. The other end of resistor R3 is connected to the negative output terminal of the temperature sensor PT100 and grounded.

3. The integrated distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal for new energy power plants based on the HarmonyOS power system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The multi-parameter coordinated control process of temperature and three-phase current in the temperature acquisition unit includes: The PT100 temperature sensor samples and outputs a differential signal to the bridge circuit. The instrumentation amplifier receives the differential signal and amplifies it before outputting it to the slave MCU for analog voltage acquisition. The slave MCU digitizes the analog voltage and sends it to the master control module through the UART signal isolation circuit. The main control module performs algorithmic analysis on the original value of the digitized analog voltage and makes corresponding control decisions based on temperature, current, and relay output.

4. The integrated distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal for new energy power plants based on the HarmonyOS power system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The main control module performs algorithmic analysis on the digitized analog voltage, and combines this with control decisions based on temperature, current, and relay outputs, including: By combining the PT100 temperature sensor, instrumentation amplifier, and bridge circuit, the algorithm for calculating the temperature-corresponding resistance value of the PT100 temperature sensor is derived. The resistance values ​​of the temperature sensor corresponding to different temperatures are as follows: （1） Where R represents the target output value, This indicates the nominal resistance value at 0℃. Let A represent the resistance of the conductor, B represent the first-order temperature coefficient, and t represent the second-order temperature coefficient.

5. The integrated distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal for new energy power plants based on the HarmonyOS power system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The derivation of the bridge circuit algorithm for the PT100 temperature sensor and the instrumentation amplifier algorithm includes: Voltage at the upper arm of the bridge: ; Voltage at the lower half of the bridge voltage divider: ; Instrumentation amplifier output voltage: in, , , VREF represents the fixed resistance of the bridge circuit, and VREF represents the excitation voltage of the bridge circuit. This represents the voltage at the positive output terminal of the bridge circuit. This indicates the voltage at the negative output terminal of the bridge. Indicates differential input voltage. Indicates the output voltage. This represents the total value of the feedback resistance. Indicates the external gain resistor. Indicates the gain coefficient. Indicates total gain; The main control module integrates a temperature-to-resistance algorithm for the PT100 temperature sensor, an algorithm for the PT100 temperature sensor to form a bridge circuit, and an instrumentation amplifier algorithm to derive the final temperature, including: The temperature restoration algorithm is obtained through inverse operation: .

6. The integrated distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal for new energy power plants based on the HarmonyOS power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hierarchical action commands include at least one of the following: fan control, fault alarm, over-temperature and over-current alarm, over-temperature trip, or over-current trip. The control information includes at least one of the following: terminal data centralized management, remote policy distribution, intelligent analysis and collaboration, edge linkage, or platform big data early warning.

7. The integrated distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal for new energy power plants based on the HarmonyOS power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switch input module includes a passive switch input unit and an active input function unit. The passive switch input unit is used to monitor at least one of the temperature, oil pressure, air pressure threshold alarm or trip signal of the distribution transformer area. The active input function unit is used to connect external switch inputs.

8. The integrated distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal for new energy power plants based on the HarmonyOS power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication module includes a wireless communication unit and a wired communication unit. The wireless communication unit includes a TPUNB communication module, a 4G / 5G communication module, a Bluetooth module, and a StarFlash module. The wired communication unit includes an Ethernet (ETH) module and a wired RS485 communication module. The 4G / 5G communication module and the TPUNB communication module form a first northbound communication channel. The Bluetooth module, the StarFlash module, and the wired RS485 communication module form a second northbound communication channel. The Ethernet (ETH) module achieves bidirectional transmission of southbound data acquisition and northbound control through VLAN isolation.

9. The integrated distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal for new energy power plants based on the HarmonyOS power system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The Star Flash functional module includes a Star Flash circuit breaker, a Star Flash phase-changing switch, a Star Flash sensor, and a Star Flash terminal, all connected to the main control module. The Star Flash circuit breaker transmits opening and closing commands to the execution module. The Star Flash phase-changing switch transmits three-phase imbalance mitigation-phase commutation commands to the execution module. The Star Flash sensor sends sensor data to the execution module for edge computing. The Star Flash terminal transmits fused data to the execution module. The Star Flash sensor includes at least one of water immersion, smoke, vibration, temperature, or door status sensors. The fused data includes at least two of the following: opening and closing commands, three-phase imbalance mitigation-phase commutation commands, and sensor data.

10. The integrated distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal for new energy power plants based on the HarmonyOS power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distribution transformer monitoring and control terminal includes a power failure detection module, a terminal power supply module, and a data storage module. The power failure detection module and the data storage module are both connected to the main control module. The terminal power supply module is connected to the power failure detection module. The geographic positioning module includes at least one satellite positioning mode selected from DBS, GPS, or Galileo. The execution module uses MOSFETs and transistor arrays to drive relays to achieve graded actions.

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