Anti-compression building shock insulation support and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-compression building shock insulation support, and relates to the technical field of shock insulation supports, the anti-compression building shock insulation support comprises an upper connecting seat and a lower connecting seat, a laminated gradient core body is assembled between the upper connecting seat and the lower connecting seat, and a sealing sleeve used for sealing the laminated gradient core body is assembled between the upper connecting seat and the lower connecting seat; the invention further discloses a manufacturing method of the anti-compression building shock insulation support and an assembled shock insulation support. According to the invention, the laminated gradient core body adopts an alternate laminated structure of the waveform occlusion steel plates and the laminated pad bodies, the waveform bulges realize interlayer mechanical occlusion, and the gradient pad bodies bear in a layered manner, so that the compression resistance strength and interlayer stripping resistance of the support are greatly enhanced, and through the synergistic effect of the lead core, the annular friction sleeve and the belleville spring composite assembly, the friction resistance of the support is greatly improved. Plastic deformation of the lead core serves as a main energy dissipation mechanism, friction pairs of the annular friction sleeve, the lead core and the steel outer sleeve form auxiliary energy dissipation, the belleville spring provides pre-tightening force to guarantee load transmission, meanwhile, auxiliary reset is achieved, and the earthquake energy dissipation efficiency is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic isolation bearing technology, specifically to a compression-resistant building seismic isolation bearing and its manufacturing method. Background Technology

[0002] Seismic isolation technology is one of the core means to improve the seismic performance of buildings. By installing seismic isolation bearings between the bottom of the building and the foundation, seismic waves can be effectively isolated from upward transmission, reducing the seismic response of the superstructure and reducing seismic damage. At present, the seismic isolation bearings widely used in the market mainly include natural rubber seismic isolation bearings, lead-core rubber seismic isolation bearings, and high-damping rubber seismic isolation bearings. Among them, lead-core rubber seismic isolation bearings have become the preferred solution for building projects in earthquake-prone areas because they have both elastic recovery and plastic energy dissipation functions.

[0003] The core structure of lead-core rubber seismic isolation bearings typically consists of a rubber-steel composite formed by alternating layers of rubber and thin steel plates through vulcanization, and a lead core running through the center. During operation, the rubber-steel composite provides vertical load-bearing capacity and horizontal elastic restoring force, while the lead core undergoes plastic deformation under seismic loads, dissipating seismic energy. However, existing lead-core rubber seismic isolation bearings still have many technical shortcomings in practical applications, making it difficult to meet the stringent requirements of high-rise buildings and large-span structures for compressive strength, energy dissipation efficiency, and durability. Specific problems are as follows:

[0004] Insufficient compressive strength and susceptibility to delamination: Existing rubber-steel plate composite bearings often use a single-material rubber layer, and the steel plate has a smooth planar structure. Under the enormous vertical loads of high-rise buildings, the rubber layer is prone to creep deformation, and the bonding interface between the steel plate and the rubber layer is prone to peeling and delamination, leading to a decrease in the vertical stiffness of the bearing. In severe cases, this can even cause bearing failure, threatening the structural safety of the building. In traditional lead-core rubber bearings, the lead core is in direct contact with the rubber layer or air. On the one hand, the friction between the lead core and the rubber is relatively small, and the plastic deformation of the lead core during an earthquake cannot be fully utilized, resulting in reduced energy dissipation efficiency. On the one hand, lead cores are prone to corrosion when exposed to humid environments for extended periods. Corrosion products can damage the surrounding rubber structure, shortening the service life of the bearings. Although some bearings have protective sleeves on the outside of the lead core, these sleeves are mostly smooth-walled structures, making it difficult to precisely control the fit gap with the lead core. This makes it impossible to simultaneously meet the dual requirements of "synchronous energy dissipation" and "protection against rust." In the existing bearings, the upper and lower connecting seats are mostly rigidly bonded to the core. During the horizontal shear deformation caused by an earthquake, the rigid connection restricts the free deformation of the core, which not only reduces the seismic isolation efficiency but also easily causes stress concentration at the connection points, leading to cracking of the connecting seats. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a compression-resistant seismic isolation bearing for buildings and its manufacturing method, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a compression-resistant seismic isolation bearing for buildings, comprising an upper connecting seat and a lower connecting seat, wherein a laminated gradient core is assembled between the upper connecting seat and the lower connecting seat, and a sealing sleeve for sealing the laminated gradient core is assembled between the upper connecting seat and the lower connecting seat. A lead core is disposed at the center of the laminated gradient core and between the upper connecting seat and the lower connecting seat. An annular friction sleeve is slidably connected to the surface of the lead core, and a steel outer sleeve is slidably connected to the surface of the annular friction sleeve. The outer surface of the steel outer sleeve is bonded to the central hole wall of the laminated gradient core. An inner groove is formed at the bottom center of the upper connecting seat, and a sliding cover plate is slidably connected to the inner groove in a guide and limiting manner. A disc spring sleeved with the lead core is engaged between the sliding cover plate and the annular friction sleeve.

[0007] In a further embodiment, the stacked gradient core is composed of multiple alternating corrugated interlocking steel plates and pads.

[0008] In a further embodiment, the pad is composed of an upper graphene rubber layer, a middle nano-polyurethane layer, and a lower carbon fiber composite material layer.

[0009] In a further embodiment, pressure plates are detachably connected to opposite sides of the upper and lower connecting seats, and the sealing sleeve is pressed against the upper and lower connecting seats by the pressure plates.

[0010] In a further embodiment, the annular friction sleeve has a plurality of equidistant circumferential arc grooves inside, and the annular friction sleeve has a plurality of oil guide grooves communicating with the circumferential arc grooves inside.

[0011] In a further embodiment, the enclosed space formed by the upper connecting seat, the lower connecting seat, and the sealing sleeve is filled with grease.

[0012] In a further embodiment, the upper connecting seat and the lower connecting seat, as well as the interior of the displacement sealing sleeve, are integrally machined with bosses for engaging the stacked gradient core.

[0013] In a further embodiment, the four corners of the upper connecting seat and the four corners of the lower connecting seat are provided with through slots for the insertion of external bolts.

[0014] This invention also provides a method for manufacturing a compression-resistant seismic isolation bearing for buildings, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Preparation of the laminated gradient core; Prepare pad blanks with graphene rubber layer, nano-polyurethane layer, and carbon fiber composite layer, as well as corrugated interlocking steel plates with axial wavy protrusions on the surface; Alternately laminate the pad blanks and corrugated interlocking steel plates, and use hot pressing molding process, hot pressing temperature 120~150℃, pressure 2~3MPa, heat and pressure holding time 30~40min for composite curing to form a laminated gradient core; Process a center hole in the center of the laminated gradient core to match the steel outer sleeve.

[0016] Step 2: Assembly of the annular friction sleeve and the lead core; Equidistant circumferential arc grooves and oil guide grooves connecting the circumferential arc grooves are machined on the inner wall of the annular friction sleeve, and anti-corrosion lubricating grease is filled into the grooves; The lead core is shrunk to the preset size using a low-temperature shrinking process, and the annular friction sleeve is fitted onto the surface of the lead core. An interference fit is used to achieve a tight fit, forming a composite energy-consuming component of the lead core and the annular friction sleeve.

[0017] Step 3: Steel outer sleeve assembly; uniformly coat the outer wall of the steel outer sleeve with a thin layer of two-component epoxy structural adhesive, and coaxially embed it into the central hole of the laminated gradient core, so that the outer wall of the outer sleeve and the wall of the central hole are tightly fitted; place the assembled laminated gradient core and steel outer sleeve assembly in a pressure fixture, apply an axial pressure of 0.3~0.5MPa, and cure at room temperature for 24h to achieve rigid bonding between the steel outer sleeve and the laminated gradient core.

[0018] Step 4: Assemble the upper connecting seat and the sliding cover plate;

[0019] A vertical limiting step is machined on the inner wall of the groove at the bottom of the upper connecting seat. The sliding cover plate is then embedded in the groove to ensure a fit gap of 0.1 to 0.2 mm between the two, forming a guide-limiting sliding connection structure.

[0020] Step 5: Assemble the entire support;

[0021] a. The lead core and the annular friction sleeve composite energy-consuming component are coaxially installed into the steel outer sleeve, so that the annular friction sleeve and the inner wall of the outer sleeve form a clearance fit of 0.3 to 0.5 mm, and the lead core is inserted into the center limiting hole of the lower connecting seat;

[0022] b. Install a disc spring between the sliding cover plate and the annular friction sleeve to align the upper connecting seat with the upper end face of the stacked gradient core, thus forming a preliminary fixation;

[0023] c. Place the sealing sleeve on the outside of the laminated gradient core, and place pressure plates at the contact points between the sealing sleeve and the upper and lower connecting seats at both ends. Press the sealing sleeve and the upper and lower connecting seats together and fix them by the pressure plates.

[0024] d. Fill the closed space formed by the sealing sleeve and the core with grease to complete the overall assembly.

[0025] Step Six: Finished Product Inspection

[0026] The assembled seismic isolation bearings undergo vertical bearing capacity testing, horizontal shear deformation testing, and sealing performance testing. Once the tests are passed, they are considered finished products.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] This invention utilizes a layered gradient core with an alternating stacked structure of corrugated interlocking steel plates and layered pads. The corrugated protrusions achieve mechanical interlocking between layers, while the gradient pads bear load in layers, significantly enhancing the compressive strength and interlayer anti-peeling ability of the support. Through the synergistic action of the lead core, annular friction sleeve, and disc spring composite assembly, the plastic deformation of the lead core is the main energy dissipation mechanism, while the friction pair between the annular friction sleeve and the lead core and steel outer sleeve forms auxiliary energy dissipation. The disc spring provides preload to ensure load transfer and assists in reset, significantly improving seismic energy dissipation efficiency and optimizing seismic isolation effect. Furthermore, the guide-limiting sliding connection between the inner groove of the connecting seat and the sliding cover plate ensures stable vertical load transfer through the vertical limiting step and reserves a horizontal sliding gap to allow the core to freely shear and deform, solving the pain points of stress concentration and low seismic isolation efficiency caused by the rigid connection of traditional supports. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the corrugated interlocking steel plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pad body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the upper connecting seat according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the lower connecting seat according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Upper connecting seat; 2. Lower connecting seat; 3. Layered gradient core; 301. Corrugated interlocking steel plate; 302. Pad; 3021. Graphene rubber layer; 3022. Nano-polyurethane layer; 3023. Carbon fiber composite material layer; 4. Sealing sleeve; 5. Lead core; 6. Annular friction sleeve; 7. Steel outer sleeve; 8. Inner groove; 9. Sliding cover plate; 10. Disc spring; 11. Pressure plate; 12. Circumferential arc groove; 13. Oil guide groove; 14. Grease; 15. Boss; 16. Through groove. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] This embodiment discloses a compression-resistant seismic isolation bearing for buildings, including an upper connecting seat 1 and a lower connecting seat 2. A laminated gradient core 3 is assembled between the upper connecting seat 1 and the lower connecting seat 2. The laminated gradient core 3 is composed of multiple alternately stacked corrugated interlocking steel plates 301 and a pad 302. The pad 302 is composed of an upper graphene rubber layer 3021, a middle nano-polyurethane layer 3022, and a lower carbon fiber composite material layer 3023. A sealing device for the laminated gradient core 3 is assembled between the upper connecting seat 1 and the lower connecting seat 2. A sealing sleeve 4 is provided. A lead core 5 is located at the center of the laminated gradient core 3, between the upper connecting seat 1 and the lower connecting seat 2. An annular friction sleeve 6 is slidably connected to the surface of the lead core 5. A steel outer sleeve 7 is slidably connected to the surface of the annular friction sleeve 6. The outer surface of the steel outer sleeve 7 is bonded to the central hole wall of the laminated gradient core 3. An inner groove 8 is provided at the bottom center of the upper connecting seat 1. A sliding cover plate 9 is slidably connected to the inner groove 8 in a guide and limiting manner. A disc spring 10, fitted with the lead core 5, is engaged between the sliding cover plate 9 and the annular friction sleeve 6. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the laminated gradient core 3 is composed of multiple alternating corrugated interlocking steel plates 301 and pads 302. The upper layer of the gradient pad 302 is a graphene rubber layer 3021, which provides vertical elastic support based on the high elasticity and creep resistance properties imparted by graphene modification, while also adapting to horizontal shear deformation and possessing both buffering and restoring capabilities. The middle layer is a nano-polyurethane layer 3022, which utilizes the high strength properties reinforced by nanoparticles to bear the main vertical load, suppress excessive compression of the rubber layer, and improve the overall stiffness of the support. The lower layer is a carbon fiber composite material layer 3023, which forms a rigid load-bearing base with the high modulus properties of carbon fiber, strengthens the core's compressive strength limit, and avoids plastic deformation under long-term loads. The corrugated surface of the interlocking steel plate 301 forms a mechanical interlock with the gradient pad 302, replacing the simple bonding of the traditional smooth steel plate. This significantly improves the interlayer anti-peeling ability. The corrugated structure can disperse the vertical load to each layer of the pad 302, avoiding local stress concentration. At the same time, it restrains the lateral expansion of the pad 302, further enhancing its compressive strength and adapting to the high load requirements of high-rise buildings. The synergy of the lead core 5, the annular friction sleeve 6, and the disc spring 10 achieves a multi-mechanism synergy of plastic energy dissipation, frictional energy dissipation, and elastic buffering, realizing efficient dissipation of seismic energy and improved seismic isolation effect. As the main energy dissipation component, the lead core 5 undergoes plastic yielding with horizontal shear deformation during an earthquake, absorbing a large amount of seismic energy. The interference fit of the annular friction sleeve 6 ensures that the friction sleeve moves synchronously when the lead core 5 deforms, avoiding local stress concentration caused by the individual deformation of the lead core 5 and improving energy dissipation stability. The circumferential arc groove 12 and the oil guide groove 13 on the inner wall of the annular friction sleeve 6 form a mesh-like grease storage structure 14, which generates auxiliary frictional energy dissipation through the interference sliding between the friction sleeve and the lead core 5, and uses the grease film 14 to isolate the lead core 5 from the air to prevent corrosion. The gap sliding design with the steel outer sleeve 7 allows the friction sleeve to deform freely with the lead core 5, and further dissipates energy through the contact of the friction pair, forming a dual mechanism of main energy dissipation of the lead core 5 plus auxiliary energy dissipation of the friction pair. The disc spring 10 is sleeved on the outside of the lead core 5 and locked in the sliding... Between the cover plate 9 and the annular friction sleeve 6, on the one hand, a continuous vertical preload is provided to ensure that all components fit tightly and to ensure load transfer efficiency. On the other hand, the vertical impact load can be buffered through elastic deformation, and the restoring is assisted after horizontal deformation, thereby improving the dynamic stability of the support. The inner groove 8 of the upper connecting seat 1 and the guide-limiting sliding connection of the sliding cover plate 9 solve the problem of coordinating vertical stable bearing and horizontal free deformation. The vertical limiting step of the inner groove 8 at the bottom of the upper connecting seat 1 restricts the vertical movement of the sliding cover plate 9, ensuring that the preload of the disc spring 10 is stably transmitted to the central component, ensuring the reliability of vertical bearing. The gap between the inner groove 8 and the sliding cover plate 9 is 0.1~0.2mm.The 2mm clearance allows the sliding cover plate 9 to slide freely in the horizontal direction, sliding synchronously with the shear deformation of the core during an earthquake. This avoids the rigid constraint of the upper connecting seat 1 on the core deformation, maximizing the seismic isolation efficiency and preventing sliding jamming. The fully enclosed protective sleeve 4 is installed on the outside of the laminated gradient core 3 and is fixed to the upper and lower connecting seats 2 by the pressure plate 11, forming a closed space. With the internal filling of grease 14, it isolates water vapor and dust from the core components, preventing rubber aging and metal corrosion, and extending the service life of the support. The outer wall of the steel outer sleeve 7 is flush with the laminated gradient core. The core 3 is fixed to the wall of the central hole, providing a rigid mounting base for the central energy-dissipating component. Coaxial positioning ensures alignment of the lead core 5, friction sleeve, and core body, preventing eccentric stress. It also isolates the gradient core from the central component, preventing rubber material from intruding into the friction pair and affecting energy dissipation. The four corner through-slots 16 of the upper connecting seat 1 and lower connecting seat 2 accommodate external anchors, ensuring reliable anchoring of the supports to the building structure and foundation. The protrusions 15 on opposite sides engage with the laminated gradient core 3, precisely positioning the core and ensuring overall structural coaxiality, improving assembly accuracy and structural integrity.

[0039] Furthermore, the annular friction sleeve 6 has multiple equidistant circumferential arc grooves 12 inside, and multiple oil guide grooves 13 communicating with the circumferential arc grooves 12 inside. The closed space formed by the upper connecting seat 1, the lower connecting seat 2, and the sealing sleeve 4 is filled with lubricating grease 14. Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the circumferential arc grooves 12 on the inner wall of the annular friction sleeve 6 are arranged at equal intervals to form an annular oil storage cavity, which can store a sufficient amount of grease 14. The oil guide groove 13 extends axially and is fully connected to the circumferential arc grooves 12, constructing a grid-like grease circulation system with annular oil storage and axial oil guidance. When the support undergoes horizontal shear deformation under seismic action, relative sliding occurs between the lead core 5 and the annular friction sleeve 6, and between the annular friction sleeve 6 and the steel outer sleeve 7. The sliding friction force drives the grease 14 to flow rapidly along the oil guide groove 13, realizing the dynamic replenishment of grease 14 to the contact surfaces of each friction pair, avoiding the problem of easy loss of grease 14 and local oil shortage in traditional smooth wall structures, ensuring long-term lubrication effect. The arc-shaped cross-section design of the circumferential arc groove 12 can make the grease... Grease 14 forms a uniform oil film on the friction surface, which reduces the frictional resistance between the lead core 5 and the friction sleeve, avoiding component wear caused by hard friction. The viscous damping effect of the oil film also helps dissipate seismic energy. The through-type structure of the oil guide groove 13 ensures that the grease 14 is distributed throughout the inner wall of the friction sleeve, maintaining a consistent friction coefficient across all parts. This prevents energy fluctuations caused by uneven local lubrication and improves the stability of the support's horizontal shear energy dissipation. The groove structure of the circumferential arc groove 12 and the oil guide groove 13 allows for stress release through groove deformation when the friction sleeve is subjected to interference pressure and shear stress from the lead core 5, preventing cracking of the inner wall of the friction sleeve due to stress concentration. Simultaneously, the grease 14 stored in the groove forms a flexible buffer between the friction sleeve and the lead core 5. The layer reduces the impact on the friction sleeve during the plastic deformation of the lead core 5, extending the service life of the friction sleeve. The grease 14 is retained for a long time in the fully enclosed environment. The upper connecting seat 1, lower connecting seat 2, and sealing sleeve 4 together form a sealed space, effectively blocking the intrusion of external moisture, dust, and corrosive media, preventing the grease 14 from becoming contaminated and deteriorating. The sealed environment also prevents the grease 14 from evaporating or leaking during long-term use or temperature changes, ensuring that the friction pair and key parts of the core are always lubricated. This solves the problem of easy grease 14 failure in traditional open structures. The multi-component collaborative protection function allows the grease 14 in the sealed space to not only act on the friction pair of the annular friction sleeve 6, but also penetrate into the interlayer gaps of the stacked gradient core 3. For key components such as the bonding interface between the steel outer sleeve 7 and the core, the grease 14 enhances the interlayer sealing of the laminated gradient core 3, inhibiting bonding failure caused by moisture intrusion. For metal components such as the steel outer sleeve 7 and the lead core 5, the oil film formed by the grease 14 isolates air, prevents metal corrosion, reduces fretting wear between components, and improves the overall structural durability. The viscous properties of the grease 14 can help improve the damping performance of the support, complementing the energy dissipation mechanism of the lead core 5 and the annular friction sleeve 6. In low-temperature or high-temperature environments, the sealed space can reduce the impact of temperature fluctuations on the viscosity of the grease 14, ensuring stable lubrication and damping performance, so that the support can maintain a consistent vibration isolation effect under different climatic conditions.

[0040] Preferably, pressure plates 11 are detachably connected to opposite sides of the upper connecting seat 1 and the lower connecting seat 2. The sealing sleeve 4 is pressed against the upper connecting seat 1 and the lower connecting seat 2 by the pressure plates 11. Both the upper connecting seat 1 and the lower connecting seat 2 have integrally machined bosses 15 for engaging the stacked gradient core 3 on opposite sides and inside the sealing sleeve 4. Through slots 16 for external plug insertion are provided at the four corners of the upper connecting seat 1 and the four corners of the lower connecting seat 2. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the pressure plate 11 adopts a detachable connection method, such as bolt connection, and is assembled on the opposite sides of the upper connecting seat 1 and the lower connecting seat 2. The contact surface of the pressure plate 11 with the end of the sealing sleeve 4 is milled flat, which can form a uniform annular clamping force on the sealing sleeve 4. This pressing method can tightly fit both ends of the sealing sleeve 4 with the sealing surfaces of the upper connecting seat 1 and the lower connecting seat 2, avoiding the bonding failure problem caused by the aging of the sealing sleeve 4 in traditional bonding fixation. The detachable design facilitates the maintenance and replacement of the sealing sleeve 4 in the later stage, improving the convenience of operation and maintenance of the support. The contact part between the pressure plate 11 and the sealing sleeve 4 can be equipped with an annular sealing gasket, such as nitrile rubber. The rubber gasket, under the clamping force of the pressure plate 11, undergoes elastic deformation, filling the tiny gaps between the pressure plate 11, the sealing sleeve 4, and the connecting seat. This forms a double-sealing structure of mechanical clamping by the pressure plate 11 and elastic sealing by the gasket. Simultaneously, the pressure plate 11 restricts the end movement of the sealing sleeve 4 during horizontal shear deformation, preventing the sealing surface of the sealing sleeve 4 from detaching due to deformation, ensuring the airtightness of the enclosed space, and preventing grease 14 leakage and the intrusion of external impurities. The integrally machined bosses 15 on the inner sides of the upper connecting seat 1 and the lower connecting seat 2 precisely match the grooves on the upper and lower end faces of the stacked gradient core 3. During assembly, the bosses can be used to... The fitting of the boss 15 enables rapid positioning of the core, ensuring that the center of the core is coaxially aligned with the centers of the lead core 5 and the steel outer sleeve 7. This avoids the eccentric stress problem caused by core misalignment in traditional assembly. The one-piece machined boss 15 has high structural precision, which can effectively improve the overall assembly precision of the support and ensure the stability of the coordinated work of each component. The boss 15 is distributed in a ring along the inner side of the connecting seat and fully fits the end face of the laminated gradient core 3. It can distribute the vertical load borne by the upper connecting seat 1 and the lower connecting seat 2 to the edge area of ​​the core through the boss 15, avoiding local compression deformation caused by load concentration in the center of the core. Meanwhile, the boss 15 can limit the radial expansion of the core under vertical load, enhance the core's anti-compression performance, and adapt to the high load conditions of high-rise buildings. The through slots 16 at the four corners of the upper connecting seat 1 and the lower connecting seat 2 adopt a stepped hole design, which can be used to rigidly connect the support to the upper building structure beam and the lower foundation platform respectively through high-strength bolts. The stepped hole structure can limit the bolt head and prevent the bolt from loosening when subjected to shear. The symmetrically distributed through slots 16 at the four corners can evenly transmit the anchoring force to the connecting seat, ensuring that the support and the building structure form a stable force-bearing community and preventing relative slippage between the support and the structure during earthquakes.

[0041] A method for manufacturing a compression-resistant seismic isolation bearing for buildings includes the following steps:

[0042] Step 1: Preparation of the laminated gradient core 3; Prepare a pad blank 302 consisting of a graphene rubber layer 3021, a nano-polyurethane layer 3022, and a carbon fiber composite material layer 3023, as well as a corrugated interlocking steel plate 301 with axial wavy protrusions on its surface; Alternately laminate the pad blank 302 and the corrugated interlocking steel plate 301, and use a hot pressing process with a hot pressing temperature of 120~150℃, a pressure of 2~3MPa, and a holding time of 30~40min for composite curing to form the laminated gradient core 3; Process a central hole in the center of the laminated gradient core 3 to fit the steel outer sleeve 7.

[0043] Step 2: Assemble the annular friction sleeve 6 and the lead core 5; process circumferential arc grooves 12 arranged at equal intervals and oil guide grooves 13 connecting the circumferential arc grooves 12 on the inner wall of the annular friction sleeve 6, and fill the grooves with anti-corrosion lubricating grease 14; use a low temperature shrinkage process to shrink the lead core 5 to the preset size, and fit the annular friction sleeve 6 on the surface of the lead core 5, and use interference fit to achieve a tight fit, forming a composite energy-consuming component of lead core 5 and annular friction sleeve 6.

[0044] Step 3: Assemble the steel outer sleeve 7; uniformly coat the outer wall of the steel outer sleeve 7 with a thin layer of two-component epoxy structural adhesive, and coaxially embed it into the central hole of the laminated gradient core 3, so that the outer wall of the outer sleeve and the wall of the central hole are tightly fitted; place the assembled laminated gradient core 3 and steel outer sleeve 7 assembly in a pressure fixture, apply an axial pressure of 0.3~0.5MPa, and cure at room temperature for 24h to achieve rigid bonding between the steel outer sleeve 7 and the laminated gradient core 3.

[0045] Step 4: Assemble the upper connecting seat 1 and the sliding cover plate 9;

[0046] A vertical limiting step is machined on the inner wall of the inner groove 8 at the bottom of the upper connecting seat 1, and the sliding cover plate 9 is embedded in the inner groove 8 to ensure a fitting gap of 0.1 to 0.2 mm between the two, forming a guide limiting sliding connection structure.

[0047] Step 5: Assemble the entire support;

[0048] a. The composite energy-consuming component of lead core 5 and annular friction sleeve 6 is coaxially installed into the steel outer sleeve 7, so that the annular friction sleeve 6 and the inner wall of the outer sleeve form a clearance fit of 0.3 to 0.5 mm, and lead core 5 is inserted into the center limiting hole of the lower connecting seat 2.

[0049] b. Install a disc spring 10 between the sliding cover plate 9 and the annular friction sleeve 6 to align the upper connecting seat 1 with the upper end face of the stacked gradient core 3 to form a preliminary fixation;

[0050] c. Place the sealing sleeve 4 on the outside of the stacked gradient core 3, and place pressure plates 11 at the contact points between the sealing sleeve 4 and the upper and lower connecting seats 2 at both ends. Press the sealing sleeve 4 and the upper and lower connecting seats 2 together and fix them by the pressure plates 11.

[0051] d. Fill the closed space formed by the sealing sleeve 4 and the core with grease 14 to complete the overall assembly.

[0052] Step Six: Finished Product Inspection

[0053] The assembled seismic isolation bearings undergo vertical bearing capacity testing, horizontal shear deformation testing, and sealing performance testing. Once the tests are passed, they are considered finished products.

[0054] It should be noted that parts have a lifespan and can be replaced during regular maintenance when they no longer meet performance requirements. Deterioration in performance due to prolonged use of parts is not a design defect of this application.

[0055] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A compression-resistant seismic isolation bearing for buildings, comprising an upper connecting seat (1) and a lower connecting seat (2), characterized in that: A stacked gradient core (3) is assembled between the upper connecting seat (1) and the lower connecting seat (2). A sealing sleeve (4) for sealing the stacked gradient core (3) is assembled between the upper connecting seat (1) and the lower connecting seat (2). A lead core (5) is provided at the center of the stacked gradient core (3) and between the upper connecting seat (1) and the lower connecting seat (2). An annular friction sleeve (6) is interference-slidably connected to the surface of the lead core (5). A steel outer sleeve (7) is slidably connected to the surface of the annular friction sleeve (6). The outer surface of the steel outer sleeve (7) is bonded to the central hole wall of the stacked gradient core (3). An inner groove (8) is provided at the bottom center of the upper connecting seat (1). A sliding cover plate (9) is slidably connected to the inner groove (8) in a guide limiting manner. A disc spring (10) fitted with the lead core (5) is snapped between the sliding cover plate (9) and the annular friction sleeve (6).

2. The compression-resistant seismic isolation bearing for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stacked gradient core (3) is composed of multiple alternating corrugated interlocking steel plates (301) and pads (302).

3. The compression-resistant seismic isolation bearing for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pad (302) is composed of an upper graphene rubber layer (3021), a middle nano-polyurethane layer (3022), and a lower carbon fiber composite material layer (3023).

4. The compression-resistant seismic isolation bearing for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper connecting seat (1) and the lower connecting seat (2) are each detachably connected to a pressure plate (11) on opposite sides. The sealing sleeve (4) is pressed against the upper connecting seat (1) and the lower connecting seat (2) by the pressure plate (11).

5. A compression-resistant seismic isolation bearing for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular friction sleeve (6) has multiple circumferential arc grooves (12) arranged at equal intervals inside, and multiple oil guide grooves (13) communicating with the circumferential arc grooves (12) inside.

6. A compression-resistant seismic isolation bearing for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The closed space formed by the upper connecting seat (1), the lower connecting seat (2) and the sealing sleeve (4) is filled with grease (14).

7. A compression-resistant seismic isolation bearing for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper connecting seat (1) and the lower connecting seat (2) are both integrally machined on opposite sides and inside the sealing sleeve (4) for engaging with the stacked gradient core (3).

8. A compression-resistant seismic isolation bearing for buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper connecting seat (1) and the lower connecting seat (2) are provided with through slots (16) for external bolt insertion.

9. A method for manufacturing a compression-resistant seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, Assembling the compression-resistant seismic isolation bearing according to any one of claims 1-8 includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of the multilayer gradient core (3); Prepare the blanks of the pad (302) with graphene rubber layer (3021), nano polyurethane layer (3022), and carbon fiber composite material layer (3023), as well as the corrugated interlocking steel plate (301) with axial wavy protrusions on the surface; Alternately stack the blanks of the pad (302) and the corrugated interlocking steel plate (301), and use hot pressing molding process, hot pressing temperature 120~150℃, pressure 2~3MPa, heat preservation and pressure holding time 30~40min for composite curing to form the multilayer gradient core (3); Process a center hole in the center of the multilayer gradient core (3) that matches the steel outer sleeve (7). Step 2: Assemble the annular friction sleeve (6) and the lead core (5); process circumferential arc grooves (12) arranged at equal intervals and oil guide grooves (13) connecting the circumferential arc grooves (12) on the inner wall of the annular friction sleeve (6), and fill the grooves with anti-corrosion lubricating grease (14); use a low temperature shrinkage process to shrink the lead core (5) to the preset size, and put the annular friction sleeve (6) on the surface of the lead core (5), and use interference fit to achieve tight fit, forming a composite energy-consuming component of lead core (5) and annular friction sleeve (6). Step 3: Assembly of steel outer sleeve (7); Coat the outer wall of the steel outer sleeve (7) with a thin layer of two-component epoxy structural adhesive and embed it coaxially into the central hole of the stacked gradient core (3) so that the outer wall of the outer sleeve is tightly attached to the wall of the central hole; Place the assembled stacked gradient core (3) and steel outer sleeve (7) assembly in a pressure fixture, apply an axial pressure of 0.3~0.5MPa, and cure at room temperature for 24h to achieve rigid bonding between the steel outer sleeve (7) and the stacked gradient core (3). Step 4: Assemble the upper connecting seat (1) and the sliding cover plate (9); A vertical limiting step is machined on the inner wall of the groove (8) at the bottom of the upper connecting seat (1), and the sliding cover plate (9) is embedded in the groove (8) to ensure a fit gap of 0.1 to 0.2 mm between the two, forming a guide limiting sliding connection structure. Step 5: Assemble the entire support; a. The lead core (5) and the annular friction sleeve (6) composite energy-consuming component are coaxially installed into the steel outer sleeve (7), so that the annular friction sleeve (6) and the inner wall of the outer sleeve form a clearance fit of 0.3 to 0.5 mm, and the lead core (5) is inserted into the center limiting hole of the lower connecting seat (2); b. Install a disc spring (10) between the sliding cover plate (9) and the annular friction sleeve (6), align the upper connecting seat (1) with the upper end face of the stacked gradient core (3) to form a preliminary fixation; c. Place the sealing sleeve (4) on the outside of the stacked gradient core (3), and place pressure plates (11) at the contact points between the sealing sleeve (4) and the upper and lower connecting seats (2) at both ends. Press the sealing sleeve (4) and the upper and lower connecting seats (2) together and fix them by the pressure plates (11). d. Fill the closed space formed by the sealing sleeve (4) and the core with grease (14) to complete the overall assembly. Step Six: Finished Product Inspection The assembled seismic isolation bearings undergo vertical bearing capacity testing, horizontal shear deformation testing, and sealing performance testing. Once the tests are passed, they are considered finished products.

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