Efficient crushing and sorting equipment for waste lithium batteries

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of recycling devices, and particularly discloses efficient waste lithium battery crushing and sorting equipment which comprises a shell, a shredding structure is arranged on the shell, an air outlet pipe is fixed to the position, below the shredding structure, in the shell, connecting rubber strips are fixed to the two sides of the air outlet pipe, and a screen is fixed to the end, away from the air outlet pipe, of each connecting rubber strip. A toothed plate is fixed to the upper end of the screen, a supporting structure is fixed to the side, close to the shell, of the toothed plate, flexible rubber strips are fixed between the screen and the toothed plate and the inner wall of the shell, the screen and the toothed plate are each in an arc plate shape, and exhaust holes are formed in the side, close to the screen, of the air outlet pipe. When a toothed plate in the equipment is matched with smashing teeth to conduct secondary smashing on large shredded objects, acting force transmitted by the smashing teeth to the shredded objects can drive the toothed plate and a screen to slightly shake in a shell, then black powder in holes of the screen is made to shake, and automatic cleaning of the holes of the screen is achieved; and the subsequent separation treatment on the shredded materials of the waste lithium batteries by the screen mesh is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of recycling equipment technology, and specifically discloses a high-efficiency crushing and sorting device for waste lithium batteries. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of electric vehicles, portable electronic devices, and other fields, the use of lithium-ion batteries has increased dramatically, resulting in a large amount of waste lithium batteries. Improper disposal of these waste lithium batteries will turn them into substantial amounts of solid waste, not only wasting valuable metal resources such as cobalt, lithium, and nickel, but also potentially causing serious environmental pollution due to the leakage of electrolytes, heavy metals, and other harmful components. Therefore, achieving efficient recycling and resource utilization of waste lithium batteries has become an important issue in the field of resource recycling.

[0003] Currently, the recycling and processing of waste lithium batteries typically includes processes such as discharging, dismantling, crushing, and sorting. Among these, crushing and sorting are critical steps, directly affecting the efficiency of subsequent recovery of valuable components. Existing technologies often employ mechanical crushing combined with screening to separate the particle size of the crushed material. However, during the crushing process, black powder generated from the positive and negative electrode materials of the batteries easily adheres to the screen pores due to moisture, causing screen blockage and affecting the sorting effect and the continuous operation capability of the equipment. In addition, traditional equipment often suffers from high energy consumption, incomplete sorting, and easy screen damage during the crushing and sorting process.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a high-efficiency crushing and sorting equipment for waste lithium batteries that can achieve screen self-cleaning during the crushing process, improve sorting efficiency, and reduce maintenance frequency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency crushing and sorting device for waste lithium batteries to solve the problems mentioned above.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a high-efficiency crushing and sorting device for waste lithium batteries, including a housing, on which a shredding structure is provided, and an air outlet pipe is fixed inside the housing below the shredding structure. Connecting rubber strips are fixed on both sides of the air outlet pipe, and a screen is fixed at one end of the connecting rubber strips away from the air outlet pipe. A toothed plate is fixed at the upper end of the screen, and a support structure is fixed on the side of the toothed plate near the housing. Flexible rubber strips are fixed between the screen and the toothed plate and the inner wall of the shell. The screen and the toothed plate are both arc-shaped plates. An exhaust hole is opened on the side of the air outlet pipe near the screen.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the supporting structure on the toothed plate further includes a fixing strip fixed on the toothed plate, and a fixing plate is fixed between the fixing strip and the inner wall of the shell, and the fixing plate is obliquely fixed on the shell.

[0008] In the above technical solution, the lower part of the shell is fixed with a discharge cavity, the inner cavity of the discharge cavity is connected to the inner cavity of the shell, and the discharge cavity is a bucket-shaped structure.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the shredding structure further includes a first transmission roller and a second transmission roller rotating on the housing. The first transmission roller and the second transmission roller are arranged side by side. Both the first transmission roller and the second transmission roller are fixed with shredding teeth. The shredding teeth on the first transmission roller and the second transmission roller are staggered. Both the first transmission roller and the second transmission roller are connected to an external motor, which is fixed on the housing.

[0010] In the above technical solution, a baffle is fixed to the inner wall of the shell near the crushing tooth. The baffle is inclined downward and grooves are provided on both the baffle and the tooth plate. The crushing tooth passes through the baffle and the tooth plate through the grooves.

[0011] In the above technical solution, an auxiliary adhesive strip is further fixed between the toothed plate and the housing. The auxiliary adhesive strip works in conjunction with the fixing adhesive strip to support the toothed plate. The side of the toothed plate near the crushing teeth is a smooth surface.

[0012] In the above technical solution, a discharge pipe is further fixed at the part of the shell near the fixing plate, the discharge end of the discharge pipe is inclined downward, and the inner cavity of the discharge pipe is connected to the inner cavity of the shell.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the receiving end of the discharge pipe is distributed between the baffle and the toothed plate, and a gas supply pipe is fixed on the discharge pipe. The gas supply pipe is inclinedly distributed on the discharge pipe, and the exhaust end of the gas supply pipe faces the discharge end of the discharge pipe.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the cross-section of the air outlet pipe is triangular, the tip of the air outlet pipe is opposite to the receiving end of the shell, an air inlet pipe is fixed on the air outlet pipe, and the receiving end of the air inlet pipe and the discharge chamber are connected.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: When the toothed plate in this device, together with the crushing teeth, performs secondary crushing of larger shredded materials, the force transmitted by the crushing teeth to the shredded materials will cause the toothed plate and the screen to shake slightly inside the shell, thereby shaking the black powder inside the screen holes, realizing automatic cleaning of the screen holes, which facilitates the subsequent sorting and processing of shredded materials from waste lithium batteries.

[0016] 2. When the air ejected from the air outlet pipe in the equipment carries the shredded material up along the screen, the exhaust end of the air supply pipe sprays a high-speed airflow toward the discharge end of the discharge pipe. This can achieve a negative pressure state at the receiving end of the discharge pipe, thereby enabling larger shredded materials on the screen to come into contact with the toothed plate, making it easier for the crushing teeth to work with the toothed plate to crush the larger shredded materials.

[0017] 3. The screen in this equipment can screen shredded materials. The airflow from the air supply pipe and the air outlet pipe is intermittent. When the air supply pipe and the air outlet pipe stop spraying air, the shredded materials guided upward by the screen will slide down on the screen under the action of gravity, thereby realizing that the falling shredded materials hit other shredded materials on the screen. The vibration generated by the shredded materials will drive the screen holes on the screen to clean automatically. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional structural diagram; Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the connection structure between the screen and the shell in this invention; Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the connection structure between the baffle and the shell in this invention; Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the connection structure between the screen and the air outlet pipe in this invention. Figure 6 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of B in the middle; Figure 7 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of A in the middle; Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the connection structure of the gas supply pipe and the discharge pipe in this invention.

[0019] 1. Shell; 11. First drive roller; 12. Second drive roller; 13. Discharge pipe; 14. Discharge chamber; 15. Air inlet pipe; 16. Air delivery pipe; 17. Baffle; 2. Crushing teeth; 3. Air outlet pipe; 31. Connecting rubber strip; 32. Screen; 33. Fixing rubber strip; 34. Fixing plate; 35. Toothed plate; 36. Auxiliary rubber strip. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0022] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-8 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: This invention is a high-efficiency crushing and sorting device for waste lithium batteries, including a shell 1. A shredding structure is provided on the shell 1. An air outlet pipe 3 is fixed inside the shell 1 below the shredding structure. Connecting rubber strips 31 are fixed on both sides of the air outlet pipe 3. A screen 32 is fixed at the end of the connecting rubber strips 31 away from the air outlet pipe 3. A toothed plate 35 is fixed at the upper end of the screen 32. A support structure is fixed on the side of the toothed plate 35 near the shell 1. An exhaust hole is opened on the side of the air outlet pipe 3 near the screen 32. In actual use, the staff put the waste lithium battery into the inside of the housing 1. The shredding structure inside the housing 1 can shred the waste lithium battery. When the shredding structure shreds the waste lithium battery, the screen 32 can screen the shredded waste lithium battery. Smaller shredded materials will pass through the screen 32 and be discharged, while larger shredded materials will be kept inside the housing 1, thereby realizing the sorting and processing of shredded waste lithium battery materials by the equipment. When larger shredded materials are stored inside the housing 1, the air outlet 3 will spray air into the larger shredded materials. The air sprayed out by the air outlet 3 will drive the shredded materials to move upward along the screen 32, thereby enabling the larger shredded materials to come into contact with the crushing teeth 2, so that the crushing teeth 2 can crush the shredded materials again.

[0023] When the waste lithium battery is crushed by the crushing tooth 2, the electrolyte in the waste lithium battery will wet the black powder in the waste lithium battery. This causes the black powder in the waste lithium battery to adhere to the pores of the screen 32, thereby affecting the sieving of the shredded waste lithium battery by the screen 32. In order to solve this problem, the following structure is proposed. Example 2: Please refer to Figures 1-8 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, the present invention provides a technical solution. Unlike Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, when the toothed plate 35 and the crushing teeth 2 perform secondary crushing of larger shredded materials, the force transmitted by the crushing teeth 2 to the shredded materials will cause the toothed plate 35 and the screen 32 to shake slightly inside the housing 1, thereby causing the black powder inside the pores of the screen 32 to shake, realizing automatic cleaning of the sieve holes of the screen 32, which facilitates the subsequent sorting and processing of shredded materials from waste lithium batteries by the screen 32.

[0024] Flexible adhesive strips are fixed between the screen 32 and the toothed plate 35 and the inner wall of the shell 1. Both the screen 32 and the toothed plate 35 are arc-shaped plates.

[0025] The support structure on the toothed plate 35 includes a fixing strip 33 fixed on the toothed plate 35, and a fixing plate 34 fixed between the fixing strip 33 and the inner wall of the housing 1. The fixing plate 34 is fixed to the housing 1 at an angle.

[0026] A discharge chamber 14 is fixed at the lower part of the shell 1. The inner cavity of the discharge chamber 14 is connected to the inner cavity of the shell 1. The discharge chamber 14 has a bucket-shaped structure.

[0027] The shredding structure includes a first drive roller 11 and a second drive roller 12 rotating on the housing 1. The first drive roller 11 and the second drive roller 12 are arranged side by side. Both the first drive roller 11 and the second drive roller 12 are fixed with shredding teeth 2. The shredding teeth 2 on the first drive roller 11 and the second drive roller 12 are staggered. Both the first drive roller 11 and the second drive roller 12 are connected to an external motor, which is fixed on the housing 1. In actual use, the crushing teeth 2 on the first drive roller 11 rotate toward the side of the second drive roller 12, and the crushing teeth 2 on the second drive roller 12 rotate toward the first drive roller 11. This allows the crushing teeth 2 on the first drive roller 11 to work together with the crushing teeth 2 on the second drive roller 12 to shred the waste lithium battery. When the shredding teeth 2 shred the waste lithium battery, the screen 32 can screen the shredded waste lithium battery. Larger shredded materials will be retained inside the shell 1. When the air ejected from the air outlet 3 drives the shredded materials to move upward along the screen 32, the toothed plate 35 will block the shredded materials, thereby enabling the larger shredded materials to come into contact with the shredding teeth 2, so that the toothed plate 35 and the shredding teeth 2 can perform secondary crushing of the larger shredded materials.

[0028] A baffle 17 is fixed on the inner wall of the housing 1 near the crushing tooth 2. The baffle 17 is inclined downward. Both the baffle 17 and the tooth plate 35 are provided with tooth grooves. The crushing tooth 2 passes through the baffle 17 and the tooth plate 35 through the tooth grooves.

[0029] An auxiliary rubber strip 36 is fixed between the toothed plate 35 and the housing 1. The auxiliary rubber strip 36, together with the fixing rubber strip 33, supports the toothed plate 35. The side of the toothed plate 35 near the crushing tooth 2 is a smooth surface. A flexible rubber strip is fixed between the screen 32 and the toothed plate 35 and the inner wall of the shell 1. An auxiliary rubber strip 36 and a fixing rubber strip 33 are fixed on the toothed plate 35. A connecting rubber strip 31 connects the screen 32 and the air outlet pipe 3. This allows the toothed plate 35 to work with the crushing teeth 2 to perform secondary crushing of larger shredded materials. The force transmitted by the crushing teeth 2 to the shredded materials will cause the toothed plate 35 and the screen 32 to shake slightly inside the shell 1, thereby causing the black powder inside the pores of the screen 32 to shake. It should be noted that the rotation direction of the crushing tooth 2 is around the axis of the first transmission roller 11 and the second transmission roller 12. This means that the force transmitted by the crushing tooth 2 to the shredded material will drive the tooth plate 35 to rise, thereby causing the screen 32 to swing slightly up and down inside the housing 1, shaking off the black powder inside the pores of the screen 32, which is convenient for the subsequent screening of the shredded material of the waste lithium battery by the screen 32. At the same time, when the air ejected from the air outlet 3 moves the shredded material upward along the screen 32, the shredded material on the screen 32 will shake on the screen 32. The shaking caused by the shredded material will cause the black powder on the screen 32 to fall off. At the same time, the air ejected from the air outlet 3 will also impact the screen holes of the screen 32, thereby cleaning the screen holes of the screen 32 again.

[0030] Example 3: Please refer to Figures 1-8 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, the present invention provides a technical solution. Unlike Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, when the air ejected from the air outlet pipe 3 drives the shredded material to move upward along the screen 32, the exhaust end of the air supply pipe 16 sprays a high-speed airflow toward the discharge end of the discharge pipe 13. This can achieve a negative pressure state at the receiving end of the discharge pipe 13, thereby enabling larger shredded materials on the screen 32 to abut against the toothed plate 35, facilitating the crushing teeth 2 to cooperate with the toothed plate 35 to crush larger shredded materials.

[0031] A discharge pipe 13 is fixed to the part of the housing 1 near the fixing plate 34. The discharge end of the discharge pipe 13 is inclined downward, and the inner cavity of the discharge pipe 13 is connected to the inner cavity of the housing 1.

[0032] The receiving end of the discharge pipe 13 is distributed between the baffle 17 and the toothed plate 35. A gas supply pipe 16 is fixed on the discharge pipe 13. The gas supply pipe 16 is inclined on the discharge pipe 13, and the exhaust end of the gas supply pipe 16 faces the discharge end of the discharge pipe 13.

[0033] The cross-section of the vent pipe 3 is triangular. When the falling shredded material hits the vent pipe 3, the vent pipe 3 can quickly disperse the falling shredded material. The tip of the vent pipe 3 is opposite to the receiving end of the shell 1. An air inlet pipe 15 is fixed on the vent pipe 3. The receiving end of the air inlet pipe 15 and the discharge chamber 14 pass through it. When the air ejected from the air outlet pipe 3 drives the shredded material to move upward along the screen 32, the exhaust end of the air supply pipe 16 sprays high-speed airflow toward the discharge end of the discharge pipe 13. This can achieve a negative pressure state at the receiving end of the discharge pipe 13, thereby enabling larger shredded materials on the screen 32 to abut against the toothed plate 35, making it easier for the crushing teeth 2 to cooperate with the toothed plate 35 to crush larger shredded materials. When the crushing tooth 2 and the tooth plate 35 crush larger shredded materials, the tooth plate 35 can screen the crushed shredded materials again, so that the air ejected from the air pipe 16 can guide the shredded materials to be discharged through the discharge pipe 13, thus realizing that the tooth plate 35 can sort the shredded materials again. The air supply pipe 16 and the air outlet pipe 3 are connected to an external air pump. It should be noted that in order to facilitate the sieving of shredded materials by the screen 32, the airflow from the air supply pipe 16 and the air outlet pipe 3 is intermittent. When the air supply pipe 16 and the air outlet pipe 3 stop spraying air, the shredded materials guided upward by the screen 32 will slide off the screen 32 under the action of gravity, thereby realizing that the falling shredded materials will collide with other shredded materials on the screen 32. The shaking generated by the shredded materials will drive the screen holes on the screen 32 to clean automatically. Working principle: In actual use, the crushing teeth 2 on the first transmission roller 11 rotate to one side of the second transmission roller 12, and the crushing teeth 2 on the second transmission roller 12 rotate towards the first transmission roller 11. This enables the crushing teeth 2 on the first transmission roller 11 to work together with the crushing teeth 2 on the second transmission roller 12 to shred the waste lithium battery. When the shredding teeth 2 shred the waste lithium battery, the screen 32 can screen the shredded waste lithium battery. Larger shredded materials will be retained inside the shell 1. When the air ejected from the air outlet 3 drives the shredded materials to move upward along the screen 32, the toothed plate 35 will block the shredded materials, thereby enabling the larger shredded materials to come into contact with the shredding teeth 2, so that the toothed plate 35 cooperates with the shredding teeth 2 to perform secondary crushing of the larger shredded materials. A flexible rubber strip is fixed between the screen 32 and the toothed plate 35 and the inner wall of the shell 1. An auxiliary rubber strip 36 and a fixing rubber strip 33 are fixed on the toothed plate 35. A connecting rubber strip 31 connects the screen 32 and the air outlet pipe 3. This allows the toothed plate 35 to work with the crushing teeth 2 to perform secondary crushing of larger shredded materials. The force transmitted by the crushing teeth 2 to the shredded materials will cause the toothed plate 35 and the screen 32 to shake slightly inside the shell 1, thereby causing the black powder inside the pores of the screen 32 to shake. It should be noted that the rotation direction of the crushing tooth 2 is around the axis of the first transmission roller 11 and the second transmission roller 12. This means that the force transmitted by the crushing tooth 2 to the shredded material will drive the tooth plate 35 to rise, thereby causing the screen 32 to swing slightly up and down inside the housing 1, shaking off the black powder inside the pores of the screen 32, which is convenient for the subsequent screening of the shredded material of the waste lithium battery by the screen 32. At the same time, when the air ejected from the air outlet 3 moves the shredded material upward along the screen 32, the shredded material on the screen 32 will shake on the screen 32. The shaking caused by the shredded material will cause the black powder on the screen 32 to fall off. At the same time, the air ejected from the air outlet 3 will also impact the screen holes of the screen 32, thereby cleaning the screen holes of the screen 32 again. When the air ejected from the air outlet pipe 3 drives the shredded material to move upward along the screen 32, the exhaust end of the air supply pipe 16 sprays high-speed airflow toward the discharge end of the discharge pipe 13. This can achieve a negative pressure state at the receiving end of the discharge pipe 13, thereby enabling larger shredded materials on the screen 32 to abut against the toothed plate 35, making it easier for the crushing teeth 2 to cooperate with the toothed plate 35 to crush larger shredded materials. When the crushing tooth 2 and the tooth plate 35 crush larger shredded materials, the tooth plate 35 can screen the crushed shredded materials again, so that the air ejected from the air pipe 16 can guide the shredded materials to be discharged through the discharge pipe 13, thus realizing that the tooth plate 35 can sort the shredded materials again. It should be noted that, in order to facilitate the screening of shredded materials by the screen 32, the airflow from the air supply pipe 16 and the air outlet pipe 3 is intermittent. When the air supply pipe 16 and the air outlet pipe 3 stop spraying air, the shredded materials guided upward by the screen 32 will slide off the screen 32 under the action of gravity, thereby causing the falling shredded materials to collide with other shredded materials on the screen 32. The vibration generated by the shredded materials will cause the screen holes on the screen 32 to be automatically cleaned.

[0034] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency crushing and sorting device for waste lithium batteries, comprising a housing (1), characterized in that: The shell (1) is provided with a shredding structure. An air outlet pipe (3) is fixed inside the shell (1) below the shredding structure. Connecting rubber strips (31) are fixed on both sides of the air outlet pipe (3). A screen (32) is fixed at the end of the connecting rubber strip (31) away from the air outlet pipe (3). A toothed plate (35) is fixed at the upper end of the screen (32). A support structure is fixed on the side of the toothed plate (35) near the shell (1). Flexible rubber strips are fixed between the screen (32) and the toothed plate (35) and the inner wall of the shell (1). The screen (32) and the toothed plate (35) are both arc-shaped plates. The exhaust pipe (3) has an exhaust hole on the side near the screen (32).

2. The high-efficiency crushing and sorting equipment for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support structure on the toothed plate (35) includes a fixing strip (33) fixed on the toothed plate (35), and a fixing plate (34) is fixed between the fixing strip (33) and the inner wall of the shell (1). The fixing plate (34) is fixed obliquely on the shell (1).

3. The high-efficiency crushing and sorting equipment for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower part of the shell (1) is fixed with a discharge cavity (14), the inner cavity of the discharge cavity (14) is connected to the inner cavity of the shell (1), and the discharge cavity (14) is a bucket-shaped structure.

4. The high-efficiency crushing and sorting equipment for waste lithium batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that, The shredding structure includes a first drive roller (11) and a second drive roller (12) rotating on the housing (1). The first drive roller (11) and the second drive roller (12) are arranged side by side. Both the first drive roller (11) and the second drive roller (12) are fixed with crushing teeth (2). The crushing teeth (2) on the first drive roller (11) and the crushing teeth (2) on the second drive roller (12) are staggered. Both the first drive roller (11) and the second drive roller (12) are connected to an external motor, which is fixed on the housing (1).

5. The high-efficiency crushing and sorting equipment for waste lithium batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that, A baffle (17) is fixed on the inner wall of the housing (1) near the crushing tooth (2). The baffle (17) is inclined downward. Both the baffle (17) and the tooth plate (35) are provided with tooth grooves. The crushing tooth (2) passes through the baffle (17) and the tooth plate (35) through the tooth grooves.

6. The high-efficiency crushing and sorting equipment for waste lithium batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that, An auxiliary rubber strip (36) is fixed between the toothed plate (35) and the housing (1). The auxiliary rubber strip (36) works with the fixing rubber strip (33) to support the toothed plate (35). The side of the toothed plate (35) near the crushing tooth (2) is a smooth surface.

7. The high-efficiency crushing and sorting equipment for waste lithium batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that, The housing (1) is fixed with a discharge pipe (13) near the fixing plate (34). The discharge end of the discharge pipe (13) is inclined downward, and the inner cavity of the discharge pipe (13) is connected to the inner cavity of the housing (1).

8. The high-efficiency crushing and sorting equipment for waste lithium batteries according to claim 7, characterized in that, The receiving end of the discharge pipe (13) is distributed between the baffle (17) and the toothed plate (35). A gas supply pipe (16) is fixed on the discharge pipe (13). The gas supply pipe (16) is obliquely distributed on the discharge pipe (13). The exhaust end of the gas supply pipe (16) faces the exhaust end of the discharge pipe (13).

9. The high-efficiency crushing and sorting equipment for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-section of the air outlet pipe (3) is triangular. The tip of the air outlet pipe (3) is opposite to the receiving end of the shell (1). An air inlet pipe (15) is fixed on the air outlet pipe (3). The receiving end of the air inlet pipe (15) and the discharge chamber (14) pass through each other.

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