Floating light-following overwater photovoltaic system

Abstract

The invention provides a floating type light following water photovoltaic system which comprises a floating platform floating on the water surface, photovoltaic modules arranged in an array mode are arranged on the floating platform, no less than four sets of anchoring devices are arranged on the edge of the floating platform, each anchoring device is provided with an anchor cable capable of being rolled and loosened actively, and the ends of the anchor cables are connected with anchor piles at the water bottom or on the shore. The wound and loosened anchor cable is used for adjusting the direction angle of the photovoltaic array on the floating platform; every two adjacent anchor cables are connected with the corresponding anchor piles in a staggered mode, and the adjacent anchor cables intersect with each other on the projection of the horizontal plane; an active light following device is fixedly arranged on the floating platform, after the position of the sun is aligned, the direction angle is increased, namely the direction angle needing to be adjusted of the floating platform, and the pitch angle of the active light following device is the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module. The azimuth angle of the floating platform is adjusted by actively adjusting the length of the anchor cable, adjusting cost is low, and economical efficiency is high. The anchor cables are arranged in a crossed mode, the adjustable angle is large, and the requirement for light following of an overwater photovoltaic array can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaics, and in particular to a floating solar-guided photovoltaic system. Background Technology

[0002] Floating photovoltaic (PV) systems offer the advantage of not occupying land and are easily deployed on flat water surfaces. Existing technologies involve anchoring pillars into the seabed and then installing PV modules on them. However, this structure is unsuitable for deeper waters, such as reservoirs in valleys or those with steep slopes. Floating PV structures also exist, such as Chinese patent document CN114553110A, where PV modules float and are interconnected as a whole. The PV modules are equipped with a drive mechanism to rotate around a support axis. However, this rotation structure is very complex, leading to low reliability, high cost, and difficulty in implementation. Document CN 207809706 U proposes a near-shore anchoring scheme for floating PV systems, but this is not always feasible in vast waters. Japanese patent document JP7161305B2 describes a support structure and floating PV system for a floating PV system, proposing an underwater anchoring pile scheme. Floating PV systems can adjust their position by tracking the sun's position, potentially increasing power generation by 20% to 35%. However, how to economically achieve anchoring and light tracking is a technical challenge in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a floating solar photovoltaic system that can significantly reduce the cost of solar tracking, has a simple structure, a large range of directional angle adjustment, and is easy to operate and control, making it convenient for implementation and conversion.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a floating solar photovoltaic system, including a floating platform floating on the water surface, photovoltaic modules arranged in an array on the floating platform, and no less than 4 sets of anchoring devices on the edge of the floating platform. The anchoring devices are equipped with anchor cables that can be actively wound and released. The ends of the anchor cables are connected to anchor piles on the bottom of the water or on the shore. The wound and released anchor cables are used to adjust the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic array on the floating platform. Two adjacent anchor cables are connected to staggered anchor piles, and the adjacent anchor cables intersect each other on the horizontal plane. An active tracking device is fixed on the floating platform. The active tracking device binds the zero position of the azimuth angle to the floating platform. After the active tracking device is aligned with the sun, the incremental azimuth angle of the active tracking device is the azimuth angle that the floating platform needs to adjust. The pitch angle of the active tracking device is the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module.

[0005] In the preferred embodiment, the floating platform is provided with traction floats at its four corners, and the anchoring device is fixed on the traction floats. The drive motor of the anchoring device is connected to the drum through a transmission mechanism. An anchor cable is wound on the drum and the anchor cable is connected to the anchor pile through a guide device. The transmission mechanism includes a worm gear reducer, a harmonic reducer, or an RV reducer; It also includes a sensor for detecting the length of the anchor cable.

[0006] In the preferred embodiment, a draft detector and an anchor cable tension detection device are installed on the traction pontoon.

[0007] In the preferred embodiment, the floating platform has the following structure: a frame consisting of crossbeams and longitudinal beams with multiple rectangular frames, each rectangular frame having at least one diagonal beam; A float is provided at the bottom of the node position of the frame, and a spherical hole is provided at the top of the float. Ball heads are provided at the bottom of the ends of the inclined beams, cross beams and longitudinal beams. The ball heads are installed in the spherical holes and fixed by connecting bolts and pressure caps. This ensures that the frame does not undergo quadrilateral deformation when projected onto the horizontal plane and can follow the undulations of the water surface.

[0008] In the preferred embodiment, the photovoltaic support structure of the photovoltaic module is fixedly connected to the floating platform; One end of the bottom of the photovoltaic module is connected to the photovoltaic support via a pivot pin, and the other end of the bottom of the photovoltaic module is connected to the photovoltaic support via a pitch angle adjustment mechanism. The pitch angle adjustment mechanism includes an airbag-type adjustment mechanism or a push rod-type adjustment mechanism; In the airbag lifting mechanism, a sleeve is provided at the top of the lower column of the photovoltaic support, the upper column is sleeved with the sleeve, and there is enough space for the upper column to move up and down between the sleeve and the upper column. A bellows airbag is provided between the upper column and the lower column. The bellows airbag is connected to the air pump through a pipeline. An electrically controlled three-way valve is provided on the pipeline, and the empty interface of the three-way valve is connected to the atmosphere. In the push rod type lifting mechanism, a second curved column is provided at the top of the lower column of the photovoltaic bracket, and a first curved column is provided at the bottom of the photovoltaic module. The first curved column and the second curved column are movably connected, and a lifting push rod is provided between the first curved column and the second curved column in a hinged manner.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the photovoltaic array is equipped with an active light-tracking device, which is used to track the position of sunlight; Based on the position of sunlight detected by the active tracking device, the anchoring device adjusts the length of the anchor cable to adjust the azimuth angle of the entire photovoltaic array; A pitch angle adjustment mechanism is installed on the photovoltaic support of each photovoltaic module to adjust the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module.

[0010] In the preferred embodiment, the structure of the active tracking device is as follows: the support is fixed on the frame of the floating platform or the towing platform, and a vertically rotatable mast is provided on the support. The rotating push rod is connected to the mast through a connecting rod to drive the mast to rotate. The mast's turning angle range is ±65°; The pier is hinged to the top of the mast, and a lighting mechanism is provided at the top of the pier. The mast is hinged to the pitch push rod, and the end of the pitch push rod is hinged to the bottom of the pier to drive the pitch movement of the pier. The pitch angle range is 0° to 55°.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the light-collecting mechanism includes a cylindrical light-shielding hood with its opening pointing towards the sky. The bottom of the light-shielding hood is connected to a light-collecting cavity, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the light-collecting cavity is larger than that of the light-shielding hood. A main light sensor is provided at the bottom of the light-collecting cavity in the position where sunlight is directly overhead, and multiple secondary light sensors are provided at the bottom of the light-collecting cavity in the position where sunlight is not directly overhead. There are at least four light sensors, located above, below, and to the left and right of the main light sensor.

[0012] In the preferred embodiment, when tracking sunlight, the active tracking device first returns to the zero position, which represents the zero position of the photovoltaic module's orientation angle and pitch angle; Compare the two corresponding light sensors, rotate the push rod to drive the light-collecting mechanism to rotate towards the light sensor with weaker horizontal brightness; tilt the push rod to drive the light-collecting mechanism to rotate towards the light sensor with weaker vertical brightness. After aligning with the sunlight, the increment of the mast's rotation angle is the adjustment parameter for the anchoring device's direction angle, and the rotation angle of the pier is the parameter for the photovoltaic module's pitch angle.

[0013] In the preferred embodiment, the structure of the active tracking device is as follows: the light-collecting mechanism is mounted on the pan-tilt unit, and the horizontal rotation angle range of the pan-tilt unit is ±65°; the pitch rotation angle range is 0°~55°. The light-collecting mechanism includes a cylindrical light-shielding hood with its opening pointing towards the sky. The bottom of the light-shielding hood is connected to a light-collecting cavity, the cross-sectional area of ​​which is larger than that of the light-shielding hood. A main light sensor is installed at the bottom of the light-collecting cavity in the direct sunlight position, and multiple secondary light sensors are installed at the bottom of the light-collecting cavity in the non-direct sunlight position. There are at least four light sensors, located above, below, to the left, and to the right of the main light sensor; The gimbal drives the light-collecting mechanism to rotate towards the direction of the light sensor, where the horizontal and vertical brightness is weaker. After aligning with the sunlight, the horizontal rotation increment of the gimbal is the incremental adjustment parameter of the anchoring device's direction angle, and the vertical rotation angle of the gimbal is the parameter of the photovoltaic module's pitch angle.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, a light filter is provided in the light shield to weaken the brightness of sunlight, and a light-absorbing structure is provided on the inner wall of the light shield and the light-collecting cavity.

[0015] In the preferred embodiment, during the azimuth angle adjustment process, the active tracking device assists in the correction and adjustment. The pitch angle of the active tracking device remains unchanged, the azimuth angle returns to zero, and the current sunlight illumination is assessed to determine whether it is at its maximum value. Whether it is at its maximum value is determined by comparing the values ​​of two horizontally opposite light sensors.

[0016] This invention provides a floating solar photovoltaic system that adjusts the azimuth angle of the floating platform by actively adjusting the length of the anchor cables, resulting in low adjustment costs and high economic efficiency. The use of cross-arranged anchor cables allows for a wide adjustable angle, meeting the requirements for solar tracking of the floating photovoltaic array. Combined with a pitch adjustment mechanism, it can increase power generation by 25% to 35% annually. This solves the technical challenge of high cost for solar tracking in floating photovoltaic systems. The invention employs a bottom ball joint structure, eliminating quadrilateral distortion in the horizontal projection of the frame and adapting to water surface fluctuations. The tracking device of this invention can obtain incremental azimuth angle parameters of the current position at a lower cost. Compared with the absolute azimuth angle parameters of systems such as GPS, the tracking device offers higher accuracy, higher reliability, more convenient control, lower cost, and facilitates the construction of a system with direct control feedback from the terminal. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a partial front view of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a top view of the framework of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring device of the present invention when adjusting the direction angle.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a front view of the anchoring device of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a top view of the anchoring device of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module pitch adjustment structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the pitch adjustment structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another preferred tilt adjustment structure of the photovoltaic module of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a top view schematic diagram of the structure of the float of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 11 This is a perspective view of the light-tracking device of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 12 This is a front view of the light-collecting mechanism of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 13 This is a top view of the light-collecting mechanism of the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Photovoltaic module; 101. Transmitter pin; 2. Photovoltaic support frame; 21. Upper column; 22. Lower column; 23. Bellows airbag; 24. Sleeve; 25. First curved column; 26. Second curved column; 27. Lifting push rod; 3. Frame; 31. Inclined beam; 32. Crossbeam; 33. Longitudinal beam; 4. Float; 41. Spherical hole; 42. Connecting bolt; 43. Pressure cap; 5. Draft sensor; 6. Drive unit; 61. Drive motor; 62. Drum; 63. Worm gear; 64. Worm wheel. 7. Guiding device, 8. Anchor cable, 81. First anchor cable, 82. Second anchor cable, 83. Third anchor cable, 84. Fourth anchor cable, 9. Active tracking device, 91. Pitch push rod, 92. Support platform, 93. Light collecting mechanism, 931. Sunshade, 932. Main light sensor, 933. Spur light sensor, 934. Rotating push rod, 94. Mast, 95. Support, 96. Filter, 97. Traction platform, 10. Anchor pile, 11. Sun, 12. Photovoltaic array, 100. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Example 1: like Figures 1-4 A floating solar tracking photovoltaic system includes a floating platform on the water surface, with photovoltaic modules 1 arranged in an array on the floating platform. At least four sets of anchoring devices are provided at the edge of the floating platform. The anchoring devices are equipped with anchor cables 8 that can be actively wound and released. The ends of the anchor cables 8 are connected to anchor piles 11 on the bottom of the water or on the shore. The wound and released anchor cables 8 are used to adjust the orientation angle of the photovoltaic array 100 on the floating platform. Compared with the prior art, which sets a solar tracking device on each photovoltaic support 2, the layout and implementation costs are significantly reduced, and the economic efficiency is better.

[0032] Two adjacent anchor cables 8 are connected to staggered anchor piles 11. On the horizontal plane, the adjacent anchor cables 8 intersect each other. This structure can achieve a large range of directional angle adjustment. Taking the applicant's location as an example, the optimal directional angle adjustment range is ±65°. If only the conventional four-corner anchoring scheme is used, the directional angle adjustment range does not exceed ±20°, while with this scheme, the directional angle adjustment range can reach ±65°.

[0033] An active solar tracking device 9 is fixed to the floating platform. The zero point of the azimuth angle of the active solar tracking device 9 is linked to the floating platform. After the active solar tracking device 9 is aligned with the sun at position 12, the incremental azimuth angle of the active solar tracking device 9 is the azimuth angle that the floating platform needs to adjust. The pitch angle of the active solar tracking device 9 is the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module 1. In other words, the zero point of the azimuth angle of the active solar tracking device 9 is the current azimuth angle of the floating platform. After obtaining the incremental azimuth angle parameter, only the incremental azimuth angle needs to be adjusted to align the photovoltaic module 1 with the sunlight and achieve maximum power generation efficiency.

[0034] Preferred solutions include Figure 2 , 3 In the middle, the four corners of the floating platform are equipped with traction floating platforms 10, and the anchoring device is fixed on the traction floating platform 10. like Figure 5 , 6 In the middle, the drive motor 61 of the anchoring device is connected to the drum 62 through the transmission mechanism. The anchor cable 8 is wound on the drum 62. The anchor cable 8 is connected to the anchor pile 11 through the guide device 7. The guide device 7 is a guide wheel.

[0035] The transmission mechanism includes a worm gear reducer, a harmonic reducer, or an RV reducer; the worm gear reducer, harmonic reducer, or RV reducer are commercially available accessories.

[0036] A sensor for detecting the length of the anchor cable 8 is also provided. In this example, there are several methods for detecting the length of the anchor cable 8, such as a Hall sensor coaxially mounted on the drive motor 61, or other angle sensors or absolute sensors. By detecting the rotation angle of the drive motor 61 and combining this with the change in diameter of the drum 62, the change in the length of the anchor cable 8 can be calculated. The angle sensor can also be mounted on the guide device 7. If the anchor cable 8 is a steel wire rope, a Hall sensor can also be mounted on the guide device 7 to detect changes in the pitch of the steel wire rope, thus determining the change in the length of the anchor cable 8. The adjustment process is as follows... Figure 4 As shown, when the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module 1 needs to be rotated counterclockwise by 40°, the first anchor cable 81 and the fourth anchor cable 84 are loosened, and the second anchor cable 82 and the third anchor cable 83 are wound up. At this time, the entire photovoltaic module 1 rotates counterclockwise, and the active tracking device 9 assists in correcting the azimuth angle to zero, achieving automatic adjustment of the azimuth angle through a closed-loop feedback mechanism. In this example, each anchor cable 8 has a limit; when the length change of the anchor cable 8 reaches the limit, the drive motor 61 of the drive device 6 stops operating.

[0037] In the preferred embodiment, a draft detector 5 and an anchor cable tension detection device are installed on the traction floating platform 10. Ordinary ultrasonic rangefinders are insufficient for draft detection; therefore, a German VEGA SONARTRON 61 ultrasonic detector is preferred, employing 25kHz low-frequency ultrasound with an accuracy of approximately ±3cm. This meets the draft control accuracy requirements of the traction floating platform 10 and the floating platform.

[0038] Preferred solutions include Figure 3 , 10 In the floating platform, the structure is as follows: a frame 3 consisting of crossbeams 32 and longitudinal beams 33, comprising multiple rectangular grids, each rectangular grid having at least one diagonal beam 31; for example... Figure 3 As shown, the inclined beam 31 constrains the quadrilateral deformation of each rectangular frame.

[0039] A float 4 is provided at the bottom of the node position of frame 3. A spherical hole 41 is provided at the top of the float 4. Ball heads are provided at the bottom ends of the inclined beam 31, crossbeam 32, and longitudinal beam 33. The ball heads are installed in the spherical hole 41 and fixed by connecting bolts 42 and pressure caps 43. If necessary, some buffer structures are also provided, such as buffer structures made of rubber or foamed polyurethane on the float 4 or pressure caps 43, which can accommodate the rotation of the inclined beam 31, crossbeam 32, and longitudinal beam 33. With this design, the projection of frame 3 on the horizontal plane will not undergo quadrilateral deformation. It can also adapt to the undulations of water waves. Furthermore, it is lightweight, easy to arrange, and allows for convenient adjustment of the size of the entire floating platform.

[0040] Preferred solutions include Figure 7 , 9 In the process, the photovoltaic support 2 of photovoltaic module 1 is fixedly connected to the floating platform; One end of the bottom of the photovoltaic module 1 is connected to the photovoltaic bracket 2 via a pivot pin 101, and the other end of the bottom of the photovoltaic module 1 is connected to the photovoltaic bracket 2 via a pitch angle adjustment mechanism. The pitch angle adjustment mechanism includes an airbag-type adjustment mechanism or a push rod-type adjustment mechanism; Example 2: Based on Example 1, such as Figure 7 , 8In the airbag-type lifting mechanism, a sleeve 24 is provided at the top of the lower column 22 of the photovoltaic support 2. The upper column 21 is sleeved with the sleeve 24. Sufficient space is provided between the sleeve 24 and the upper column 21 for the upper column 21 to move up and down. An accordion airbag 23 is provided between the upper column 21 and the lower column 22. The accordion airbag 23 is connected to an air pump through a pipeline. An electrically controlled three-way valve is provided on the pipeline, and the spare port of the three-way valve is connected to the atmosphere. The advantage of this structure is that it is inexpensive to install, as one air pump can drive multiple photovoltaic supports 2 to adjust the pitch angle, which is more economical. Moreover, the photovoltaic module 1 is not sensitive to the accuracy of the pitch angle, that is, the power generation of the photovoltaic module 1 is not significantly affected by the pitch angle change of less than 5°. Therefore, a single air pump is used. In this example, an air compressor with a compressed air output of 1~2MPa is selected. Driving multiple accordion airbags 23 at the same time is a more economical solution.

[0041] Example 3: Based on Example 1, such as Figure 9 In the push-rod lifting mechanism, a second curved column 26 is provided at the top of the lower column 22 of the photovoltaic bracket 2, and a first curved column 25 is provided at the bottom of the photovoltaic module 1. The first curved column 25 and the second curved column 26 are movably connected. A lifting push rod 27 is provided between the first curved column 25 and the second curved column 26 in a hinged manner. Compared with embodiment 2, the cost of the solution in this example is relatively high, but it is still economical compared with the existing technology. In this example, a mass-produced electric push rod can be used as the lifting push rod 27, such as the Kaidi KD-DA60 series 24V DC electric push rod, which costs less than 1,000 yuan, can achieve 20,000 cycles, has a thrust of 6,000–8,000 N, and a waterproof rating of IP65. The solution in this example has high control precision and high reliability.

[0042] Example 4: Preferred solutions include Figures 11-13 In the photovoltaic array 100, an active light-tracking device 9 is provided, which is used to track the position of sunlight; Based on the position of sunlight detected by the active tracking device 9, the anchoring device adjusts the length of the anchor cable 8, thereby adjusting the orientation angle of the entire photovoltaic array 100; A pitch angle adjustment mechanism is installed on the photovoltaic support 2 of each photovoltaic module 1 to adjust the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, during the azimuth angle adjustment process, the active tracking device 9 assists in correction and adjustment, forming a closed-loop feedback automatic control system. That is, in this invention, the active tracking device 9 is used as a sensor for the sun's position, feeding back the angle difference between the sun's position and the current position of the floating platform, i.e., the azimuth angle difference and the pitch angle. Here, the pitch angle refers to the angle between the photovoltaic module 1 and the horizontal plane.

[0044] The active tracking device 9 can also be sold as a standalone product.

[0045] Example 5: Based on the above embodiments, preferred solutions are as follows: Figures 11-13 In the active tracking device 9, the structure is as follows: the bracket 96 is fixed on the frame 3 of the floating platform or the traction floating platform 10, and a vertically rotatable mast 95 is provided on the bracket 96. The rotating push rod 94 is connected to the mast 95 through the connecting rod to drive the mast 95 to rotate. The mast's 95-degree rotation range is ±65°; The top of the pier 92 is hinged to the top of the mast 95, and a lighting mechanism 93 is provided on the top of the pier 92; The mast 95 is hinged to the pitch push rod 91, and the end of the pitch push rod 91 is hinged to the bottom of the base 92 to drive the base 92 to pitch. The pitch angle range is 0° to 55°.

[0046] In this example, both the rotary actuator 94 and the pitch actuator 91 are commercially available miniature electric actuators with stroke control. Compared to servo gimbals, they offer advantages such as high control precision, high reliability, and lower cost. Examples include domestic alternatives to the Firgelli Automations–L12 Mini Linear Actuator, such as the FA12 and L12-Pro. They have a thrust of approximately 100N, are self-locking, use a 12V DC power supply, and have a diameter of 18mm. Optionally, the pitch actuator 91 can have a stroke of 30mm, and the rotary actuator 94 can have a stroke of 100mm.

[0047] In use, the strokes of the rotary push rod 94 and the pitch push rod 91 are converted into azimuth and pitch angles in a calibrated manner.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the light-collecting mechanism 93 includes a cylindrical light-shielding cover 931 with its opening pointing towards the sky. The bottom of the light-shielding cover 931 is connected to a light-collecting cavity 932, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the light-collecting cavity 932 is larger than that of the light-shielding cover 931. A main light sensor 933 is provided at the bottom of the light-collecting cavity 932 in the position where sunlight is directly overhead, and multiple secondary light sensors 934 are provided at the bottom of the light-collecting cavity 932 in the position where sunlight is not directly overhead. At least four light sensors 934 are located above, below, and to the left and right of the main light sensor 933.

[0049] In the preferred embodiment, when tracking sunlight, the active tracking device 9 first returns to the zero position, which represents the zero position of the orientation angle and pitch angle of the photovoltaic module 1; like Figure 12 , 13In the process of comparing the brightness of the two corresponding light sensors 934, the push rod 94 is rotated to drive the light-collecting mechanism 93 to rotate towards the direction of the light sensor 934 with weaker horizontal brightness; the pitch push rod 91 drives the light-collecting mechanism 93 to rotate towards the direction of the light sensor 934 with weaker vertical brightness; thus, the active light-tracking device 9 of the present invention has the effect of actively tracking the direction of sunlight.

[0050] In this example, the selection of the light-tracking direction adopts a logic circuit scheme, connecting the two corresponding light sensors 934 to an OR comparator circuit. When a larger voltage is obtained, a direction signal is output; if the voltage difference is within a preset range, no direction signal is output, thereby greatly reducing the control complexity.

[0051] Preferred solutions include Figure 12 In the process, a light filter 97 is provided in the light shield 931 to weaken the brightness of sunlight, and a light-absorbing structure is provided on the inner wall of the light shield 931 and the light-collecting cavity 932.

[0052] Preferably, the main light sensor 933 and the slave light sensor 934 are ROHM–BH1750FVI digital I²C ambient light sensors with built-in IR-cut filters, IR suppression capability in the 850–1000nm band: >90%; direct output lx lux value, and small surface mount element of 3.0×1.8mm.

[0053] After aligning with sunlight, the rotation increment of mast 95 becomes the incremental adjustment parameter for the anchoring device's azimuth angle, and the rotation angle of pier 92 becomes the parameter for the pitch angle of photovoltaic module 1. In other words, the output azimuth angle is an incremental parameter, while the pitch angle is an absolute value parameter.

[0054] Example 6: Based on the above embodiments, in the preferred embodiment, the structure of the active light tracking device 9 is as follows: the light-collecting mechanism 93 is set on the gimbal, the horizontal rotation angle range of the gimbal is ±65°; the pitch rotation angle range is 0°~55°; preferably, in this example, the DeepBlue DB-PT200 intelligent gimbal is preferred, with a repeatability accuracy of ±0.2°, a feedback angle accuracy of ±0.1°, and a price of approximately 4500 yuan.

[0055] The light-collecting mechanism 93 includes a cylindrical light-shielding cover 931 with its opening pointing towards the sky. The bottom of the light-shielding cover 931 is connected to a light-collecting cavity 932. The cross-sectional area of ​​the light-collecting cavity 932 is larger than that of the light-shielding cover 931. A main light sensor 933 is provided at the bottom of the light-collecting cavity 932 in the position where sunlight is directly overhead, and multiple secondary light sensors 934 are provided at the bottom of the light-collecting cavity 932 in the position where sunlight is not directly overhead. At least four light sensors 934 are located above, below, and to the left and right of the main light sensor 933; The gimbal drives the light-collecting mechanism 93 to rotate towards the direction of the light sensor 934, where the horizontal and vertical brightness is weaker. After aligning with the sunlight, the horizontal rotation increment of the gimbal is the incremental adjustment parameter of the anchoring device's direction angle, and the vertical rotation angle of the gimbal is the parameter of the photovoltaic module 1's pitch angle.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, a filter 97 is provided in the light shield 931 to weaken the brightness of sunlight, and a light-absorbing structure is provided on the inner wall of the light shield 931 and the light-collecting cavity 932.

[0057] Example 7: Based on the above embodiments, in a preferred embodiment, during the direction angle adjustment process, the active tracking device 9 assists in correction and adjustment. The pitch angle of the active tracking device 9 remains unchanged, the direction angle returns to zero, and the current sunlight illumination is evaluated to determine whether it is at its maximum value. Whether it is at its maximum value is determined by comparing whether the values ​​of two horizontally opposite light sensors 934 are the same.

[0058] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be arbitrarily combined without conflict. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating solar-guided photovoltaic system, characterized by: The system includes a floating platform that floats on the water surface, photovoltaic modules (1) arranged in an array are set on the floating platform, and no less than 4 sets of anchoring devices are provided on the edge of the floating platform. The anchoring devices are equipped with anchor cables (8) that can be actively wound and released. The ends of the anchor cables (8) are connected to anchor piles (11) on the bottom of the water or on the shore. The wound and released anchor cables (8) are used to adjust the orientation angle of the photovoltaic array (100) on the floating platform. Two adjacent anchor cables (8) are connected to staggered anchor piles (11), and on the horizontal projection, the adjacent anchor cables (8) intersect each other; An active tracking device (9) is fixed on the floating platform. The active tracking device (9) binds the zero position of the direction angle to the floating platform. After the active tracking device (9) is aligned with the position of the sun (12), the incremental direction angle of the active tracking device (9) is the direction angle that the floating platform needs to adjust. The pitch angle of the active tracking device (9) is the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module (1).

2. The floating solar-guided photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating platform is equipped with traction floats (10) at its four corners, and the anchoring device is fixed on the traction floats (10); The drive motor (61) of the anchoring device is connected to the drum (62) through the transmission mechanism. An anchor cable (8) is wound on the drum (62). The anchor cable (8) is connected to the anchor pile (11) through the guide device (7). The transmission mechanism includes a worm gear reducer, a harmonic reducer, or an RV reducer; It is also equipped with a sensor for detecting the length of the anchor cable (8).

3. A floating solar-guided photovoltaic system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A draft detector (5) and an anchor cable tension detection device are installed on the traction pontoon (10).

4. A floating solar-guided photovoltaic system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The structure of the floating platform is as follows: a frame (3) consisting of a crossbeam (32) and a longitudinal beam (33) with multiple rectangular frames, each rectangular frame having at least one diagonal beam (31); A float (4) is provided at the bottom of the node position of the frame (3), and a spherical hole (41) is provided at the top of the float (4). Ball heads are provided at the bottom of the ends of the inclined beam (31), the cross beam (32) and the longitudinal beam (33). The ball heads are installed in the spherical hole (41) and fixed by connecting bolts (42) and pressure cap (43). So that the frame (3) does not undergo quadrilateral deformation on the horizontal plane projection and can follow the undulation of the water surface.

5. A floating solar-guided photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic support (2) of the photovoltaic module (1) is fixedly connected to the floating platform; One end of the bottom of the photovoltaic module (1) is connected to the photovoltaic bracket (2) through a pivot pin (101), and the other end of the bottom of the photovoltaic module (1) is connected to the photovoltaic bracket (2) through a pitch angle adjustment mechanism; The pitch angle adjustment mechanism includes an airbag-type adjustment mechanism or a push rod-type adjustment mechanism; In the airbag lifting mechanism, a sleeve (24) is provided at the top of the lower column (22) of the photovoltaic bracket (2), and the upper column (21) is sleeved with the sleeve (24). There is enough space for the upper column (21) to move up and down between the sleeve (24) and the upper column (21). A bellows airbag (23) is provided between the upper column (21) and the lower column (22). The bellows airbag (23) is connected to the air pump through a pipeline. An electric three-way valve is provided on the pipeline. The empty interface of the three-way valve is connected to the atmosphere. In the push rod type lifting mechanism, the top of the lower column (22) of the photovoltaic bracket (2) is provided with a second curved column (26), and the bottom of the photovoltaic module (1) is provided with a first curved column (25). The first curved column (25) and the second curved column (26) are movably connected. A lifting push rod (27) is provided between the first curved column (25) and the second curved column (26) in a hinged manner.

6. A floating solar-guided photovoltaic system according to any one of claims 1 to 2 and 5, characterized in that: An active light-tracking device (9) is provided in the photovoltaic array (100) to track the position of sunlight; Based on the position of sunlight detected by the active tracking device (9), the anchoring device adjusts the length of the anchor cable (8) and adjusts the orientation angle of the entire photovoltaic array (100); A pitch angle adjustment mechanism is installed on the photovoltaic support (2) of each photovoltaic module (1) to adjust the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module (1).

7. A floating solar-guided photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the active tracking device (9) is as follows: the bracket (96) is fixed on the frame (3) of the floating platform or the traction platform (10), and a vertically rotatable mast (95) is provided on the bracket (96). The rotating push rod (94) is connected to the rod (95) through the connecting rod to drive the mast (95) to rotate. The mast (95) has a rotation range of ±65°; The top of the pier (92) is hinged to the top of the mast (95), and a light-transmitting mechanism (93) is provided on the top of the pier (92). The mast (95) is hinged to the pitch push rod (91), and the end of the pitch push rod (91) is hinged to the bottom of the base (92) to drive the base (92) to pitch. The pitch angle range is 0° to 55°.

8. A floating solar-guided photovoltaic system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The light-collecting mechanism (93) includes a cylindrical light shield (931) with its opening pointing towards the sky. The bottom of the light shield (931) is connected to a light-collecting cavity (932). The cross-sectional area of ​​the light-collecting cavity (932) is larger than that of the light shield (931). A main light sensor (933) is provided at the bottom of the light-collecting cavity (932) in the direct sunlight position, and multiple secondary light sensors (934) are provided at the bottom of the light-collecting cavity (932) in the non-direct sunlight position. At least four light sensors (934) are located above, below, and to the left and right of the main light sensor (933).

9. A floating solar-guided photovoltaic system according to claim 8, characterized in that: When tracking sunlight, the active tracking device (9) first returns to the zero position, which represents the zero position of the direction angle and pitch angle of the photovoltaic module (1); Compare the two corresponding light sensors (934), rotate the push rod (94) to drive the light-collecting mechanism (93) to rotate towards the light sensor (934) with weaker horizontal brightness; tilt the push rod (91) to drive the light-collecting mechanism (93) to rotate towards the light sensor (934) with weaker vertical brightness; After aligning with the sunlight, the rotation increment of the mast (95) is the adjustment parameter of the direction angle of the anchoring device, and the rotation angle of the pier (92) is the parameter of the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module (1).

10. A floating solar-guided photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the active tracking device (9) is as follows: the light-collecting mechanism (93) is set on the pan-tilt head, the horizontal rotation angle range of the pan-tilt head is ±65°; the pitch rotation angle range is 0°~55°; The light-collecting mechanism (93) includes a cylindrical light shield (931) with its opening pointing towards the sky. The bottom of the light shield (931) is connected to a light-collecting cavity (932). The cross-sectional area of ​​the light-collecting cavity (932) is larger than that of the light shield (931). A main light sensor (933) is provided at the bottom of the light-collecting cavity (932) in the direct sunlight position, and multiple secondary light sensors (934) are provided at the bottom of the light-collecting cavity (932) in the non-direct sunlight position. At least four light sensors (934) are located above, below, and to the left and right of the main light sensor (933); The pan-tilt unit drives the light-collecting mechanism (93) to rotate towards the direction of the light sensor (934) where the horizontal and vertical brightness is weaker; after aligning with the sunlight, the horizontal rotation angle increment of the pan-tilt unit is the incremental adjustment parameter of the anchoring device direction angle, and the vertical rotation angle of the pan-tilt unit is the parameter of the pitch angle of the photovoltaic module (1).

11. A floating solar-guided photovoltaic system according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that: A filter (97) is provided in the sunshade (931) to weaken the brightness of sunlight, and a light-absorbing structure is provided on the inner wall of the sunshade (931) and the light-collecting cavity (932).

12. A floating solar-guided photovoltaic system according to claim 10, characterized in that: During the direction angle adjustment process, the active tracking device (9) assists in the correction adjustment. The pitch angle of the active tracking device (9) remains unchanged, the direction angle returns to zero, and the current sunlight is assessed to determine whether the current sunlight is at its maximum value. Whether it is at its maximum value is determined by comparing whether the values ​​of two horizontally opposite light sensors (934) are the same.

Images