Multi-floating-body shared mooring construction method, multi-floating-body shared mooring and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of offshore photovoltaic systems, and provides a multi-floating-body shared mooring construction method, a multi-floating-body shared mooring system and a photovoltaic system, a sliding assembly allows relative displacement of a main platform and an auxiliary platform, and an end anchor cable bears a higher load to guarantee position maintenance and survival ability; a shared anchor cable is combined to bear part of horizontal force and limit relative drift of multiple platforms, so that the problem of coupling amplification effect under phase difference introduced by simple connection among the multiple platforms is avoided, and the problems of local overload, motion amplification and difficult array form control are solved; parameters of the sliding assembly, the end anchor, the shared anchor and the suspension anchor block are adjusted according to different water area working conditions, the purpose that different construction schemes are adopted for different water area working conditions is achieved, and the problem that construction difficulty and construction cost are increased is avoided on the basis that load distribution and movement collaboration are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of marine photovoltaic system technology, and particularly relates to a construction method for multi-buoy shared mooring, multi-buoy shared mooring and photovoltaic system. Background Technology

[0002] To reduce the mooring cost per unit of installed capacity, decrease the number of mooring points, and improve adaptability to complex sea conditions and marine environments, shared mooring is gaining increasing attention in the application of offshore photovoltaic systems. Shared mooring, through the coordinated constraint of forces and displacements between adjacent floating bodies, enables the distribution and redistribution of mooring loads within the array scale, ensuring safety redundancy while reducing material input and the difficulty of offshore installation.

[0003] However, simple rigid connections or direct parallel mooring can easily introduce coupling amplification effects under phase difference, leading to local overload, motion amplification, and difficulty in controlling array configuration. Furthermore, when facing different water conditions, adopting a single shared mooring and construction scheme will result in load distribution and motion incoordination, making it impossible to control construction difficulty and cost in a targeted manner. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a multi-floating-body shared mooring construction method, a multi-floating-body shared mooring system, and a photovoltaic system. The sliding assembly allows relative displacement between the main and auxiliary platforms, while the end anchor cables bear higher loads to ensure positional stability and survivability. Combined with the shared anchor cables, which can bear some horizontal forces and limit relative drift between multiple platforms, this avoids the coupling amplification effect caused by phase differences introduced by simple connections between multiple platforms, and solves the problems of local overload, motion amplification, and difficulty in controlling the array configuration. The parameters of the sliding assembly, end anchors, shared anchors, and suspended anchor blocks can be adjusted according to different water conditions, achieving the goal of using different construction schemes for different water conditions. This avoids increased construction difficulty and costs while ensuring load distribution and motion coordination.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for constructing shared mooring for multiple floating bodies, employing the following technical solution: A method for constructing shared mooring for multiple floating bodies utilizes multiple mooring sub-mechanisms, including a main platform and auxiliary platforms. The construction method includes: The main platform and the sub-platform within each mooring sub-mechanism are slidably connected via a sliding assembly; Each mooring sub-mechanism is provided with end anchor cables and end anchors at both ends; adjacent mooring sub-mechanisms are provided with shared anchors, and each shared anchor is connected to the main platform and the sub-platform in the different mooring sub-mechanisms through a shared anchor cable; Each end anchor cable and each shared anchor cable is equipped with a suspended anchor block; the parameters of the sliding assembly, end anchor, shared anchor, and suspended anchor block are adjusted according to different water conditions.

[0006] Furthermore, when setting up end anchor cables and end anchors, the stiffness of the end anchor cables should be greater than that of the shared anchor cables.

[0007] Furthermore, in ultra-shallow water conditions with water depths of 3m-8m, tidal ranges >4m, wave heights of 1m-3m, and seabeds consisting of soft mud or silt, the sliding assembly employs a double guide; the end anchors are set to a weight range of 15-25 tons, with 5-7 anchors, a chassis diameter range of 3m-4m, and a burial depth of less than 1m-2m; the number of shared anchor paths ranges from 5 to 7; and the weight of the suspended anchor block is set to a fixed weight of 8 tons + an adjustable water tank of 3-7 tons. The layout scheme adopts a seven-anchor radial layout, with one end anchor at each of the four corners of the main platform, one end anchor at each of the two outer corners of the secondary platform, and a shared anchor at the line connecting the main platform and the secondary platform; suspended anchor blocks are distributed at the lower ends of all anchor cables; the angle between the end anchor cables and the shared anchor cables is 45°-60°; and the anchor point spacing is 15m-25m.

[0008] Furthermore, in nearshore medium-depth conditions with water depths of 8m-20m, tidal ranges of 2m-4m, wave heights of 2m-5m, and seabeds of silt or clay, the sliding assembly adopts a single guide rail; the end anchors weigh 10-15 tons, number 4-5, and are buried at a depth of 2m-3m; the suspended anchor blocks weigh 5-8 tons and are installed in the middle of the anchor chain. The layout scheme adopts a five-anchor-point symmetrical layout, with one end anchor point at each of the front and rear corners of the main platform and one end anchor point at each of the front and rear corners of the auxiliary platform. A shared anchor point is set along the center line connecting the main platform and the auxiliary platform. The fixed anchor block is installed in the middle of the anchor chain at a distance of 3m-5m from the seabed. The anchor points are distributed in a rectangular pattern, with a long side spacing of 20m-30m and a short side spacing of 12m-18m. The pretension of the shared anchor cable is 60%-80% of that of the end anchor cable, and the stiffness ratio is 1:1.5-2.

[0009] Furthermore, in deep-sea high-state conditions with water depths of 20m-50m, tidal ranges of 1m-3m, wave heights of 3m-8m, and seabeds of hard soil or rock, the sliding assembly adopts an I-beam guide rail; the end anchors weigh 20-40 tons, number 3-4, and are buried at a depth of 5m-10m; the suspended anchor blocks weigh 3-6 tons, number 8-12, and are distributed on the upper section of the anchor chain; The layout scheme adopts a four-anchor-point + multi-level shared layout. The main platform and the secondary platform each have one main anchor point on the wave-facing side and one secondary anchor point on the wave-receiving side. Two to three shared anchor points are set between the main platform and the secondary platform in a triangular or straight line distribution; the anchor point spacing is 30m-50m.

[0010] Furthermore, in low sea state conditions of inland lakes with water depths of 5m-15m, tidal ranges of <0.5m, wave heights of 0.5m-2m, and seabeds of silt or clay, the sliding component adopts a single-piece design; the end anchors weigh 5-10 tons, are 4-6 in number, and are buried at a depth of 1m-2m; the suspended anchor blocks weigh 2-4 tons and are installed at the lower end of the anchor chain. The layout scheme adopts a six-anchor-point layout, with three anchor points evenly distributed around the main platform, three anchor points distributed on the outer side of the secondary platform, and a shared anchor point at the center of the main platform and the secondary platform; the suspended anchor block is installed at the lower end of the anchor chain 0.5m-1m away from the anchor; the anchor points are distributed in a circular or hexagonal shape with a radius of 10m-15m.

[0011] Furthermore, in complex working conditions such as water depths of 4m-12m, tidal ranges of 3m-6m, wave heights of 1m-4m, and seabeds of soft mud in estuaries and bays, the sliding assembly adopts upper and lower double-layer double guide rails; the end anchors weigh 12-20 tons, number 5-6, and are buried at a depth of 1.5-3m; the suspended anchor blocks weigh 6-12 tons. The layout scheme adopts a six-anchor-point layout. The main platform has two main anchor points at the two corners of the frontal face and one auxiliary anchor point on the side. The secondary platform has two main anchor points at the two corners of the backal face and one auxiliary anchor point on the side.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, in a second aspect, the present invention also provides a multi-buoy shared mooring system, employing the following technical solution: A multi-buoy shared mooring system includes multiple mooring sub-mechanisms; Each mooring sub-mechanism has a main platform and a secondary platform slidably mounted via a sliding assembly; each mooring sub-mechanism has an end anchor cable and an end anchor at both ends; adjacent mooring sub-mechanisms are connected by a shared anchor, and each shared anchor is connected to the main platform and the secondary platform in the different mooring sub-mechanisms via a shared anchor cable. Each end anchor cable and each shared anchor cable is equipped with a suspended anchor block.

[0013] Furthermore, the stiffness of the end anchor cable is greater than the stiffness of the shared anchor cable.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, in a third aspect, the present invention also provides a photovoltaic system, which adopts the following technical solution: A photovoltaic system includes a plurality of mooring sub-mechanisms and photovoltaic panels disposed on the mooring sub-mechanisms; Each mooring sub-mechanism has a main platform and a secondary platform slidably mounted via a sliding assembly; each mooring sub-mechanism has an end anchor cable and an end anchor at both ends; adjacent mooring sub-mechanisms are connected by a shared anchor, and each shared anchor is connected to the main platform and the secondary platform in the different mooring sub-mechanisms via a shared anchor cable. Each end anchor cable and each shared anchor cable is equipped with a suspended anchor block.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention connects the main and auxiliary platforms within each mooring sub-mechanism via sliding components. A shared anchor is installed between adjacent mooring sub-mechanisms, with each shared anchor connected to the main and auxiliary platforms in different sub-mechanisms via a shared anchor cable. Each end anchor cable and each shared anchor cable is equipped with a suspended anchor block. The parameters of the sliding components, end anchors, shared anchors, and suspended anchor blocks are adjusted according to different water conditions. The sliding components allow relative displacement between the main and auxiliary platforms, while the end anchor cables bear higher loads to ensure positional stability and survivability. Combined with the shared anchor cables, which can bear some horizontal forces and limit relative drift between multiple platforms, this avoids the coupling amplification effect caused by phase differences introduced by simple connections between multiple platforms, and solves the problems of local overload, motion amplification, and difficulty in controlling the array configuration. The parameters of the sliding components, end anchors, shared anchors, and suspended anchor blocks are adjusted according to different water conditions, achieving the goal of using different construction schemes for different water conditions. This avoids increased construction difficulty and costs while ensuring load distribution and motion coordination. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this embodiment, are used to provide a further understanding of this embodiment. The illustrative embodiments and their descriptions are used to explain this embodiment and do not constitute an improper limitation of this embodiment.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the mooring sub-mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding component according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a shared mooring structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second type of mooring mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; Among them, 1. End anchor; 2. Main platform; 3. Photovoltaic panel; 4. Sliding component; 41. Slide rail; 42. Limiting plate; 43. Fixed slider; 44. Moving slider; 5. Shared anchor; 6. Secondary platform; 7. Ear plate; 8. Suspended anchor block; 9. Shared anchor cable; 10. End anchor cable. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0020] With the deepening utilization of marine space, floating photovoltaic (FPV) power is becoming another important growth scenario after offshore wind power due to its advantages such as not occupying land resources, having the potential for large-scale deployment, and being able to be coupled with offshore energy systems. Compared with inland and nearshore waters, nearshore and deep-sea environments have stronger wind, wave, and current coupling effects, salt spray corrosion, high typhoon frequency, and extreme sea conditions, which lead to significant challenges in the stability, safety, and life-cycle cost control of floating platforms. Among these challenges, the mooring system, as a key component to ensure the platform's position maintenance and extreme survivability, is particularly important in its design and optimization.

[0021] Furthermore, some operating areas have shallow waters, large tidal ranges, and high sediment content. On the one hand, ultra-shallow water and large tidal ranges make it difficult for common mooring methods to maintain effective positioning for extended periods. On the other hand, long-term sediment erosion significantly increases the wear and failure risk of elastic rope mooring components. Traditional "one float, one mooring" or conventional multi-point mooring methods lack adaptability and durability in such areas, making it difficult to balance positioning accuracy with lifespan and maintenance requirements.

[0022] As described in the background section, the concept of shared mooring has gradually gained attention in order to reduce the mooring cost per unit of installed capacity, decrease the number of mooring points, and improve adaptability to complex sea conditions and marine environments. Shared mooring, through the coordinated constraint of forces and displacements between adjacent floating bodies, enables the sharing and redistribution of mooring loads within the array scale, which is expected to reduce material input and offshore installation difficulty while ensuring safety redundancy. However, simple rigid connections or direct parallel mooring can easily introduce coupling amplification effects under phase differences, leading to local overload, motion amplification, and difficulty in controlling the array configuration.

[0023] Regarding at least one of the above problems, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, one embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-buoy shared mooring system, including multiple mooring sub-mechanisms. Each mooring sub-mechanism includes an end anchor 1, a main platform 2, a photovoltaic panel 3, a sliding assembly 4, a shared anchor 5, a secondary platform 6, a lug 7, a suspending anchor block 8, a shared anchor cable 9, and an end anchor cable 10, etc.

[0024] The main platform 2 and the secondary platform 6 are connected by a sliding component 4, allowing the distance between them to be adjustable. Multiple end anchors 1 are connected to the end of the main platform 2 furthest from the secondary platform 6 and the end of the secondary platform 6 furthest from the main platform 2 via ear plates 7 and end anchor cables 10, respectively. Multiple shared anchors 5 are connected to the end of the main platform 2 closest to the secondary platform 6 and the end of the secondary platform 6 closest to the main platform 2 via ear plates 7 and shared anchor cables 9, respectively. Suspended anchor blocks 8 are provided on both the shared anchor cables 9 and the end anchor cables 10. Multiple photovoltaic panels 3 are provided on the sliding component 4.

[0025] For ultra-shallow water / large tidal range and high sediment conditions, the end anchor 1 adopts a cement anchor or an equivalent high holding power anchor, and the anchor type and quantity are determined in combination with the burial depth and the soil properties of the shore; the shared anchor cable 9 and the end anchor cable 10 adopt wear-resistant anchor chains or wire rope-anchor chain hybrid forms to replace the elastic rope structure.

[0026] The mooring topology of the multi-buoy shared mooring adopts a multi-path force distribution method of "closed at both ends + shared in the middle": the two end anchor cables 10 are connected to the outer mooring points of the main platform 2 and the auxiliary platform 6 respectively, and the middle shared anchor cable 9 is connected to the shared mooring node located between the main platform 2 and the auxiliary platform 6; by differentiating the axial stiffness and pretension of the end anchor cables 10 and the shared anchor cable 9, and by setting sheaths and anti-abrasion parts for wear-sensitive parts (such as guides and flanges), the positioning accuracy, force distribution and wear control under large tidal range are taken into account.

[0027] The anchoring material is selected based on the water depth and seabed soil properties, using anchor chains, wire ropes, or a combination of both, and is combined with buoys / counterweights to achieve the target suspension shape and redundancy; the anchor type can be cement anchor, suction hopper anchor, rock-embedded anchor, or high holding power anchor; the anchor block weight can be adjusted by injecting seawater to dynamically adapt to the environment; combined with tension distributors or equivalent connection nodes, the stress on multiple cables is balanced, and space is reserved for pre-tension adjustment and maintenance to adapt to ultra-shallow water operation conditions.

[0028] The proposed multi-buoy shared mooring system improves the platform's positioning reliability and durability in ultra-shallow waters, areas with large tidal ranges and high sediment scouring, reduces the number of mooring points and seabed occupation, lowers the peak stress and wear rate at a single point, suppresses coupling amplification within the array, shortens the installation and maintenance period, and improves the overall lifecycle economy.

[0029] The main platform 1 and the secondary platform 6 are connected by a sliding component 4 to form a controlled flexible connection, allowing relative displacement within a set stroke; the anchor cables 10 at both ends provide reference positioning and extreme working condition bearing, while the shared anchor cable 9 in the middle participates in load sharing and stabilizes the array configuration under normal to strong sea conditions.

[0030] like Figure 2As shown, the sliding component 4 includes a slide rail 41, one end of which is slidably connected to the main platform 2 via a fixed slider 43. Optionally, the fixed slider 43 is fixedly mounted on the main platform 2, and the fixed slider 43 is slidably connected to the slide rail 41. A limit plate 42 is also provided at the end of the slide rail 41 to prevent the slide rail 41 from derailing from the fixed slider 43. The other end of the slide rail 41 is slidably connected to the sub-platform 6 via a movable slider 44, enabling the sub-platform 6 to move on the slide rail 41. In some other embodiments, the fixed slider 43 and / or the movable slider 44 have built-in adjustable damping and stroke limits.

[0031] like Figure 4 As shown, one embodiment of the present invention also provides a multi-buoy shared mooring, except that the main platform 2 is symmetrically provided with secondary platforms 6 on both sides by sliding components 4.

[0032] In low to medium sea states, the shared anchor cable 9 bears part of the horizontal force and limits the relative drift of multiple platforms (main and auxiliary platforms); in high sea states or when there is a significant phase difference, the sliding component 4 allows limited relative displacement and dissipates energy through damping, while the end anchor cable 10 bears a higher load to ensure position holding and survivability; through the matching of the end anchor cable 10 with its greater stiffness and the shared anchor cable 9 with its smaller stiffness and higher pretension, load distribution and motion coordination under different frequency bands and sea states are achieved, and the suspended anchor block 8 suppresses the amplification of vertical motion through weight adjustment, thereby achieving the purpose of peak reduction and fatigue reduction.

[0033] One embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for constructing shared mooring for multiple floating bodies, comprising: the main platform 2 is optionally rectangular, and the auxiliary platform 6 is optionally triangular; a mooring cable is arranged at each corner of the main platform 2 and the auxiliary platform 6, totaling seven cables. The upper part is fixed to the platform columns by lug plates 7; anchor chains are located below the lug plates 7. The anchor chains are connected by triangular connectors.

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, each mooring submechanism adopts a shared mooring node cascade in the vertical direction. The shared anchor cable 9 of the newly added platform is connected to the existing anchor topology. The load of multiple platforms is dynamically balanced through the tension distributor, forming a three-dimensional array architecture of "horizontal expansion-vertical cascade".

[0035] In some other embodiments, the underwater counterweight system of the auxiliary platform 6 consists of mooring anchor chains, counterweight blocks, and connecting shackles. Each side of the auxiliary platform 6 is equipped with a standard anchor chain with a stop, and the three anchor chains are connected together at the center, with the lower end connected to a counterweight block to stabilize the attitude of the auxiliary platform.

[0036] Differentiated configuration schemes for various working conditions during multi-buoy shared mooring operations. To adapt to different marine environments and operating conditions, this invention provides differentiated configuration schemes for key components such as the sliding assembly 4, end anchor 1, shared anchor 5, and suspended anchor block 8.

[0037] One embodiment of the present invention also provides a photovoltaic system, including a plurality of mooring sub-mechanisms and photovoltaic panels disposed on the mooring sub-mechanisms. The mooring sub-mechanisms include all the technical features of the mooring sub-mechanisms of the present invention, which will not be described in detail here.

[0038] Example 1: Based on the multi-buoy shared mooring provided by this invention, this embodiment provides a method for constructing multi-buoy shared moorings for ultra-shallow water with high sediment conditions: Environmental parameters: water depth is within the first preset water depth range (3m-8m), tidal range is greater than or less than the preset tidal range (tidal range >4m), wave height is within the first preset wave height range (1m-3m), and seabed is soft mud / silt.

[0039] The sliding component 4 adopts a dual-rail redundant design with a rail length of 6m-8m. It is made of 316L stainless steel with a wear-resistant coating. The slider stroke is ±1.5-2m to adapt to large tidal ranges. The damping coefficient is 30kN·s / m-80kN·s / m to achieve load reduction. The slider adopts a sealed roller type with self-cleaning function and is equipped with a rubber sleeve and flushing device to prevent mud and sand from getting stuck.

[0040] The end anchor 1 adopts a large base plate design, with the weight of a single anchor within a first preset weight range (15 tons to 25 tons), the quantity within a first preset number range (5 to 7), the base plate diameter within a first preset diameter range (3m to 4m) (base plate diameter / height ratio > 3:1), and the burial depth below the preset burial depth (1m to 2m). The bottom is reinforced with a steel grid to enhance scour resistance, and the anchor blocks can be assembled for easy shallow water construction.

[0041] The shared anchor 5 uses a multi-path load distributor to distribute loads according to a preset range of 5-7 paths. Each path is independently equipped with a tension sensor for real-time monitoring, and a mechanical preload adjustment device enables balanced load distribution and fault alarm.

[0042] The suspended anchor block 8 adopts a large adjustable design with a fixed weight of 8 tons + an adjustable water tank of 3-7 tons (seawater is injected through a one-way valve), and a total weight of 8-15 tons. It is installed at the lower end of the anchor chain and has an anti-scouring base at the bottom. It is designed for light-weight transportation and heavy-duty use, and adapts to seasonal water level changes.

[0043] Layout scheme: The plan adopts a "seven-anchor radial" layout. Each of the four corners of the main platform 2 is equipped with an end anchor 1, and each of the two outer corners of the auxiliary platform 6 is equipped with an end anchor. A shared anchor 5 is set at the center line connecting the main platform 2 and the auxiliary platform 6. The double guide rails are arranged in parallel in a "||" shape between the main platform 2 and the auxiliary platform 6, with a spacing of 2m-3m. Each guide rail is equipped with an independent slider assembly to achieve redundancy protection. Adjustable anchor blocks (suspended anchor blocks 8) are distributed at the lower end of all anchor chains 1m-2m away from the anchor, and the weight of the water injection is adapted to the bottom sea conditions. The angle between the end anchor cable and the shared anchor cable is controlled at 45°-60° to ensure balanced force. The anchor point spacing is 15m-25m to adapt to shallow water and large tidal range conditions.

[0044] Example 2: Based on the multi-buoy shared mooring construction method provided by this invention, this embodiment provides a multi-buoy shared mooring construction method for nearshore medium water depth conditions: Environmental parameters: water depth 8m-20m, tidal range 2m-4m, wave height 2m-5m, seabed is silt / clay.

[0045] The sliding component 4 adopts a single guide rail standard configuration with a guide rail length of 4m-6m, Q345B steel with anti-corrosion coating, slider stroke of ±0.8-1.2m, damping coefficient of 15kN·s / m-50kN·s / m, and the slider adopts a roller + slide plate composite design. The modular design facilitates transportation, and standardized components reduce costs.

[0046] The end anchor 1 adopts a standard conical design, with a single anchor weighing 10-15 tons, a quantity of 4-5 anchors, a burial depth of 2m-3m, and standard anti-corrosion treatment.

[0047] The shared anchor 5 adopts a standard connection node, has medium stiffness, and basic functional configuration.

[0048] The suspended anchor block 8 adopts a standard fixed design, with a single block weighing 5 to 8 tons, and is installed in the middle of the anchor chain to optimize the suspension curve.

[0049] Layout scheme: The plan adopts a "five-anchor-point symmetrical" layout. There is one end anchor point at each of the front and rear corners of the main platform and one end anchor point at each of the front and rear corners of the auxiliary platform. A shared anchor point is set on the center line connecting the main and auxiliary platforms. A single guide rail is arranged along the central axis of the line connecting the main and auxiliary platforms. The two ends of the guide rail are fixed to the guide rail seat by flanges. The fixed anchor block is installed in the middle of the anchor chain at a distance of 3m-5m from the seabed to form an optimal catenary angle of 15°-25°. The anchor points are distributed in a rectangular shape with a long side spacing of 20m-30m and a short side spacing of 12m-18m. The pretension of the shared anchor cable is 60%-80% of that of the end anchor cable, with a stiffness ratio of 1:1.5-2, so as to achieve load sharing under normal sea conditions.

[0050] Example 3: Based on the multi-buoy shared mooring construction method provided by this invention, this embodiment provides a multi-buoy shared mooring construction method for deep-sea, high-sea-state conditions: Environmental parameters: water depth 20m-50m, tidal range 1m-3m, wave height 3m-8m, seabed is hard soil / rock.

[0051] The sliding component 4 adopts a reinforced I-beam guide rail, a single-rail design, with a guide rail length of 3m-5m (short stroke, high rigidity), Q690 high-strength steel + heavy-duty anti-corrosion + sacrificial anode, and a slider stroke of ±0.5-1m to limit violent movement. The damping coefficient is 50kN·s / m-150kN·s / m (ultra-large damping). The slider adopts a heavy-duty hydraulic buffer type, and the limit block adopts a buffer design (rubber + spring) to prevent impact. Adjustable damping intelligent control.

[0052] End Anchor 1: Uses rock-embedded anchors or suction cylinder anchors, with a single anchor weight of 20-40 tons, and a quantity of 3-4 anchors. The steel suction cylinder has a diameter of 2m-3m, a burial depth of 5m-10m, and the negative pressure suction provides a holding force of >500 tons. It is suitable for hard seabeds and can be recycled and reused.

[0053] Shared Anchor 5: Adopts a hydraulic active tension control system with 2-3 nodes, active hydraulic adjustment response time <1 second, pretension adjustment range ±30%, solar + battery power supply, and real-time intelligent algorithm optimization.

[0054] Suspension Anchor Block 8: It adopts a distributed multi-level configuration, with a single block weighing 3-6 tons and a quantity of 8-12. They are distributed in the upper section of the anchor chain (3-ton buoy block, providing buoyancy), the middle section (5-ton neutral block, for suspension optimization), and the lower section (6-ton gravity block, for vertical component). The multi-point counterweight optimizes the suspension curve and reduces anchor chain bottom wear.

[0055] Layout scheme: The plan adopts a "four-anchor point + multi-level shared" layout. Each of the main and auxiliary platforms has one main anchor point on the wave-facing side and one auxiliary anchor point on the wave-receiving side. Two to three shared anchor points are set between the main and auxiliary platforms in a triangular or straight distribution. A single guide rail is arranged along the line connecting the main and auxiliary platforms, and the two ends are rigidly connected by heavy-duty flanges. Distributed anchor blocks are arranged vertically. The upper buoy block is located at a water depth of 5m-10m, the middle neutral block is located at a water depth of 15m-25m, and the lower gravity block is located at a distance of 2m-5m from the seabed, forming a three-level catenary optimization system. The anchor point spacing is 30m-50m to adapt to large spans in deep water. The suction cylinder anchors are arranged in a square or rhomboid shape with a side length of 40m-60m and are connected to the platform by high-strength anchor chains (φ76-90mm). The catenary angle is controlled at 8°-15° to reduce the horizontal component force. The shared anchor points are positioned using underwater buoyancy modules and equipped with a hydraulic tensioner active adjustment system.

[0056] Example 4: Based on the multi-buoy shared mooring construction method provided by this invention, this embodiment provides a multi-buoy shared mooring construction method for use in inland lakes under low sea state conditions: Environmental parameters: water depth 5m-15m, tidal range <0.5m, wave height 0.5m-2m, seabed is silt / clay.

[0057] The sliding component 4 adopts a lightweight guide rail, a single-rail design, with a guide rail length of 2m-4m, made of aluminum alloy or light steel, a slider stroke of ±0.3-0.6m, and a damping coefficient of 5kN·s / m-20kN·s / m (light damping). The slider adopts a lightweight design with nylon rollers, which simplifies the limit, provides basic corrosion protection, and reduces costs through overall weight reduction.

[0058] The end anchor 1 adopts a lightweight block design, with a single anchor weighing 5-10 tons, a quantity of 4-6, and a burial depth of 1m-2m, simplifying the design.

[0059] The Shared Anchor 5 adopts a simplified buoy design with soft stiffness and basic functions.

[0060] The suspended anchor block 8 is a lightweight fixing block, with a single block weighing 2 to 4 tons, and is installed as a base counterweight at the lower end of the anchor chain.

[0061] Layout scheme: The plan adopts a "simplified six-anchor-point" layout. Three anchor points are evenly distributed around the main platform (120° interval), and three anchor points are distributed on the outer side of the secondary platform (120° interval). A buoy-type shared anchor point is set at the center of the main and secondary platforms. The single guide rail is arranged along the shortest line connecting the main and secondary platforms and is connected with lightweight bolts for easy disassembly and maintenance. Lightweight anchor blocks are installed at the lower end of the anchor chain, 0.5m-1m away from the anchor. The anchor points are distributed in a circular or hexagonal pattern with a radius of 10m-15m to adapt to the microtidal environment of the lake. The anchor cables are made of steel wire rope (φ28-36mm) or nylon rope with low pretension (5kN-10kN) and a catenary angle of 20°-35°. The shared anchor points are marked by surface buoys and are connected with soft rigidity and elasticity to allow for large relative displacement to adapt to low load conditions.

[0062] Example 5: Based on the multi-buoy shared mooring construction method provided by this invention, this embodiment provides a multi-buoy shared mooring construction method for complex conditions in estuaries and bays: Environmental parameters: water depth 4m-12m, tidal range 3m-6m, wave height 1m-4m, seabed is soft mud + erosion.

[0063] Sliding component 4: It adopts a double-layer double-rail arrangement, with a rail length of 5m-7m, made of 316L stainless steel. The slider stroke is adjustable from ±1 to 1.8m, and the damping coefficient is intelligently adjustable from 20kN·s / m to 100kN·s / m (automatically adjusted according to tides). The slider adopts intelligent hydraulic type, equipped with sensor monitoring and real-time parameter adjustment, and is enhanced with anti-corrosion and anti-bioadhesion. The double-layer rail is protected against erosion damage.

[0064] The end anchor 1 adopts an adjustable heavy-duty design, with a single anchor weight of 12-20 tons (adjustable by water injection), a quantity of 5-6, a burial depth of 1.5m-3m, and the capacity of the water injection tank can be dynamically adapted.

[0065] The shared anchor 5 uses an intelligent tidal adapter with 1-2 nodes, equipped with a tide sensor, tension sensor, CPU controller, and 4 electric winches to achieve automatic adjustment. It supports remote monitoring and control based on tidal and seasonal optimization strategies.

[0066] The suspended anchor block 8 adopts an intelligent automatic adjustment type, with a single block weighing 6 to 12 tons. It is equipped with a water pressure sensor to measure the tide level, an electrically controlled water injection valve for automatic control, and solar power supply. It can automatically adjust according to the tide level without manual intervention.

[0067] Layout Scheme: The plan adopts a "six-anchor-point + double-layer intelligent guide rail" layout. Two main anchor points are located at the two corners of the main platform's upstream face, and one auxiliary anchor point is located on the side. Two main anchor points are located at the two corners of the secondary platform's downstream face, and one auxiliary anchor point is located on the side. One to two intelligent shared anchor points with tidal adapters are located between the main and secondary platforms. The vertical spacing between the double-layer guide rails is 1.5m-2m. The upper guide rail bears the high-water-level load of high tide, and the lower guide rail bears the low-water-level load of low tide. The two layers of guide rails form a spatial truss structure through vertical connecting rods to enhance scour resistance. Intelligent anchor blocks are distributed at the lower end of each anchor chain, 1.5m-2.5m from the anchor, and automatically fill and drain water based on tide level sensor signals. The system adjusts weight (increasing weight during high tide and decreasing weight during low tide); the anchor points are distributed in an irregular polygonal pattern, with a main anchor point spacing of 18m-28m. The layout is optimized considering the tidal direction, with larger pretension (30kN-50kN) at the upstream anchor points and smaller pretension (15kN-30kN) at the downstream anchor points; the shared anchor points use an underwater intelligent buoyancy adjustment module, equipped with an electric winch to automatically adjust the anchor cable length according to the tidal cycle (12.4 hours) to maintain the optimal catenary shape; the entire system is equipped with SCADA remote monitoring, which collects tidal level, tension, and displacement data in real time and transmits them to the shore-based control center via 4G / 5G to achieve unattended intelligent operation and maintenance.

[0068] This invention addresses the challenges of ultra-shallow water, large tidal range, and high sediment scour conditions by constructing a multi-buoy shared mooring scheme that balances positioning reliability, durability, and economy. It forms a collaborative system consisting of a multi-platform (main and auxiliary platforms) underwater mooring system, a guide wheel / guide cable system (sliding component 4) between the multiple platforms (main and auxiliary platforms), and an underwater counterweight system for the auxiliary platform. This achieves load peak reduction, stress distribution, and array morphology stability. It solves core problems such as insufficient positioning reliability in ultra-shallow water and large tidal range conditions, short wear life of elastic rope anchors due to sediment scour, and insufficient adaptability and durability of conventional mooring. Furthermore, it achieves load peak reduction, stress distribution, and coordinated movement of the two hulls.

[0069] Compared to the traditional "one float, one mooring" method, this invention significantly reduces anchorage point and seabed disturbance in ultra-shallow waters, areas with large tidal ranges, and areas with high sediment content, thereby improving positioning stability and reducing material and installation costs.

[0070] The sliding guide component 4 of this invention, along with adjustable damping, achieves load peak reduction, decreases single-point peak force and wear rate, extends the service life of anchor chains / rigging, and improves survivability in extreme sea conditions; the dynamically adjustable anchor block achieves vertical motion suppression through seawater weight adaptation, further optimizing load distribution and fatigue performance.

[0071] The present invention uses differentiated stiffness and pretension in combination with shared anchor points to suppress array coupling amplification, maintain the stability of array shape and relative position, and reduce the risk of collision and entanglement.

[0072] The modular and quick-change design of this invention is suitable for shallow water and short construction windows, shortening the hoisting and maintenance period and facilitating phased construction and array expansion.

[0073] This invention provides a monitoring-parameter adjustment closed-loop system to support seasonal tuning (pretension / damping / limiting), improving reliability and availability throughout the entire lifecycle and ensuring power generation efficiency and operation and maintenance safety.

[0074] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this practice and is not intended to limit the scope of this practice. Various modifications and variations can be made to this practice by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this practice should be included within the protection scope of this practice.

Claims

1. A multi-buoy shared mooring construction method, which utilizes multiple mooring sub-mechanisms including a main platform and auxiliary platforms, is characterized by: Construction methods include: The main platform and the sub-platform within each mooring sub-mechanism are slidably connected via a sliding assembly; Each mooring sub-mechanism is provided with end anchor cables and end anchors at both ends; adjacent mooring sub-mechanisms are provided with shared anchors, and each shared anchor is connected to the main platform and the sub-platform in the different mooring sub-mechanisms through a shared anchor cable; Each end anchor cable and each shared anchor cable is equipped with a suspended anchor block; the parameters of the sliding assembly, end anchor, shared anchor, and suspended anchor block are adjusted according to different water conditions.

2. The multi-buoy shared mooring construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When setting end anchor cables and end anchors, the stiffness of the end anchor cables should be greater than that of the shared anchor cables.

3. The multi-buoy shared mooring construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In ultra-shallow water conditions with water depths of 3m-8m, tidal ranges >4m, wave heights of 1m-3m, and seabeds of soft mud or silt, the sliding assembly adopts a double guide; the end anchor weight ranges from 15 tons to 25 tons, with 5-7 anchors, a chassis diameter range of 3m-4m, and a burial depth of less than 1m-2m; the number of shared anchor paths ranges from 5 to 7; and the weight of the suspended anchor block is set to a fixed weight of 8 tons + an adjustable water tank of 3-7 tons. The layout scheme adopts a seven-anchor radial layout, with one end anchor at each of the four corners of the main platform, one end anchor at each of the two outer corners of the secondary platform, and a shared anchor at the line connecting the main platform and the secondary platform; suspended anchor blocks are distributed at the lower ends of all anchor cables; the angle between the end anchor cables and the shared anchor cables is 45°-60°; and the anchor point spacing is 15m-25m.

4. The multi-buoy shared mooring construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In nearshore medium water depth conditions with a water depth of 8m-20m, a tidal range of 2m-4m, a wave height of 2m-5m, and a seabed of silt or clay, the sliding assembly adopts a single guide rail; the end anchor weighs 10-15 tons, is 4-5 in number, and is buried at a depth of 2m-3m; the suspended anchor block weighs 5-8 tons and is installed in the middle of the anchor chain; The layout scheme adopts a five-anchor-point symmetrical layout, with one end anchor point at each of the front and rear corners of the main platform and one end anchor point at each of the front and rear corners of the auxiliary platform. A shared anchor point is set along the center line connecting the main platform and the auxiliary platform. The fixed anchor block is installed in the middle of the anchor chain at a distance of 3m-5m from the seabed. The anchor points are distributed in a rectangular pattern, with a long side spacing of 20m-30m and a short side spacing of 12m-18m. The pretension of the shared anchor cable is 60%-80% of that of the end anchor cable, and the stiffness ratio is 1:1.5-2.

5. The multi-buoy shared mooring construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In deep-sea high-state conditions with water depths of 20m-50m, tidal ranges of 1m-3m, wave heights of 3m-8m, and seabeds of hard soil or rock, the sliding assembly adopts an I-beam guide rail; the end anchors weigh 20-40 tons, number 3-4, and are buried at a depth of 5m-10m; the suspended anchor blocks weigh 3-6 tons, number 8-12, and are distributed on the upper section of the anchor chain; The layout scheme adopts a four-anchor-point + multi-level shared layout. The main platform and the secondary platform each have one main anchor point on the wave-facing side and one secondary anchor point on the wave-receiving side. Two to three shared anchor points are set between the main platform and the secondary platform in a triangular or straight line distribution; the anchor point spacing is 30m-50m.

6. The multi-buoy shared mooring construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In low sea state conditions of inland lakes with water depths of 5m-15m, tidal ranges of <0.5m, wave heights of 0.5m-2m, and seabeds of silt or clay, the sliding component adopts a single-piece design; the end anchors weigh 5-10 tons, are 4-6 in number, and are buried at a depth of 1m-2m; the suspended anchor blocks weigh 2-4 tons and are installed at the lower end of the anchor chain. The layout scheme adopts a six-anchor-point layout, with three anchor points evenly distributed around the main platform, three anchor points distributed on the outer side of the secondary platform, and a shared anchor point at the center of the main platform and the secondary platform; the suspended anchor block is installed at the lower end of the anchor chain 0.5m-1m away from the anchor; the anchor points are distributed in a circular or hexagonal shape with a radius of 10m-15m.

7. The multi-buoy shared mooring construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In complex working conditions such as water depth of 4m-12m, tidal range of 3m-6m, wave height of 1m-4m, and seabed of soft mud in estuaries and bays, the sliding assembly adopts upper and lower double-layer double guide rails; the end anchors weigh 12-20 tons, number 5-6, and are buried at a depth of 1.5-3m; the suspended anchor blocks weigh 6-12 tons. The layout scheme adopts a six-anchor-point layout. The main platform has two main anchor points at the two corners of the frontal face and one auxiliary anchor point on the side. The secondary platform has two main anchor points at the two corners of the backal face and one auxiliary anchor point on the side.

8. A multi-buoy shared mooring system, characterized in that, Includes multiple mooring sub-organizations; Each mooring sub-mechanism has a main platform and a secondary platform slidably mounted via a sliding assembly; each mooring sub-mechanism has an end anchor cable and an end anchor at both ends; adjacent mooring sub-mechanisms are connected by a shared anchor, and each shared anchor is connected to the main platform and the secondary platform in the different mooring sub-mechanisms via a shared anchor cable. Each end anchor cable and each shared anchor cable is equipped with a suspended anchor block.

9. The multi-buoy shared mooring as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The stiffness of the end anchor cable is greater than that of the shared anchor cable.

10. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that, It includes multiple mooring sub-mechanisms and photovoltaic panels mounted on the mooring sub-mechanisms; Each mooring sub-mechanism has a main platform and a secondary platform slidably mounted via a sliding assembly; each mooring sub-mechanism has an end anchor cable and an end anchor at both ends; adjacent mooring sub-mechanisms are connected by a shared anchor, and each shared anchor is connected to the main platform and the secondary platform in the different mooring sub-mechanisms via a shared anchor cable. Each end anchor cable and each shared anchor cable is equipped with a suspended anchor block.

Images