Pressure-supported structures and their construction methods

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of tunnel support engineering technology, and discloses a pressure-relief support structure and its construction method. The pressure-relief support structure includes a support structure and several connecting structures. The support structure includes a first component, several second components, and a third component. The first and third components are arranged opposite each other, and all the second components are arranged between the first and third components. The connecting structures are arranged between the first and second components, between the second and third components, or between two adjacent second components. Each connecting structure has deformation to provide a gradually decreasing to constant support force. Each component includes a support unit and several through units. The support unit is adapted to connect with the connecting structures. Each through unit includes a through member, a sliding member, and a transition member. The through member passes through the support unit, the sliding member is arranged at the end of the through member away from the support unit, and both ends of the transition member are connected to the sliding member and the support unit. This invention is beneficial for improving the deformation capacity of the pressure-relief support structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel support engineering technology, specifically to pressure relief support structures and their construction methods. Background Technology

[0002] The construction of highway tunnels in my country is generally based on the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). During tunnel excavation, a basic outline is first established using drilling and blasting. To prevent the collapse of the surrounding rock, a rigid lining composed of shotcrete, steel arches, and anchor bolts is used for reinforcement. The shotcrete and steel arches support the surrounding rock inside the tunnel, while the anchor bolts are driven into the surrounding rock to reinforce it and form a unified structure that resists rock pressure. When the ground stress at the tunnel location is high, the surrounding rock exerts significant compressive force on the tunnel lining. This compressive force decreases as deformation increases. Because shotcrete, steel arches, and anchor bolts have weak deformation capacity, they often fail even with slight tunnel deformation, thus losing their ability to support the surrounding rock. Therefore, a support structure capable of adapting to large deformations of the surrounding rock is needed. This support structure should be able to withstand significant deformation without failure and provide sufficient support to the surrounding rock.

[0003] Currently, the methods for constructing support structures that adapt to large deformations of surrounding rock mainly fall into two categories. One approach is to replace a portion of the lining with flexible nodes, utilizing the large deformation capacity of these flexible nodes to prevent damage to the rigid lining. The other approach is to replace anchor bolts with large-deformation anchor bolts, meaning that the anchor bolts will not break under large axial tensile deformation and can still provide the required axial tensile force. However, both approaches have their limitations: First, while using flexible nodes alone allows the rigid lining to undergo large deformations without damage, ordinary anchor bolts attached to the rigid lining may fail due to the large deformation of the lining. Second, while using large-deformation anchor bolts alone can ensure that the anchor bolts do not fail during deformation, the radius of the rigid lining decreases as it contracts into the tunnel, resulting in significant compressive deformation. Since the rigid lining itself has weak deformation capacity, it is easily damaged during deformation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a pressure relief support structure and its construction method to solve the problem that existing pressure relief support structures have weak deformation capacity and are easily damaged under the extrusion pressure of surrounding rock.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a pressure relief support structure, comprising:

[0006] The support structure includes a first component, several second components, and a third component. The first component and the third component are disposed opposite to each other, and all the second components are disposed between the first component and the third component. Any one of the components extends along the tunnel axis.

[0007] A plurality of connection structures, any one of which is disposed between the first component and the second component, between the second component and the third component, or between two adjacent second components, any one of which is configured to deform to provide a gradually decreasing to constant support force;

[0008] Wherein, any of the components includes a support unit and a plurality of through units, the support unit is adapted to be connected to the connecting structure, and any of the through units includes a through member, a sliding member and a connecting member, the through member passing through the support unit, the sliding member being disposed at one end of the through member away from the support unit, one end of the connecting member being connected to the sliding member and the other end being connected to the support unit;

[0009] Under the pressure of the surrounding rock, the connecting structure is adapted to deform to provide a support force that gradually decreases to a constant value. Adjacent support units are adapted to move closer to each other, and the sliding member is adapted to move toward the through member under the tension of the adapter to accommodate the deformation of the connecting structure.

[0010] Beneficial effects: Through the interconnected support structure and connection structure, the support structure can provide rigid support for the surrounding rock, while the connection structure can provide a support force to the surrounding rock that gradually decreases to a constant force through deformation. At the same time, the through-units installed on the support units can reinforce the surrounding rock supported by the support units. When adjacent support units approach each other, the through-units can pull the sliding parts into the through-units through the adapters and adapt to the deformation of the connection structure, which is beneficial to improving the deformation capacity of the pressure relief support structure.

[0011] In one alternative embodiment, the through member has a receiving cavity with openings at both ends, the adapter is disposed within the receiving cavity, and the sliding member is adapted to move toward the receiving cavity under the pulling force of the adapter.

[0012] Beneficial effects: By setting the through-piece to have a receiving cavity with openings at both ends, the adapter can be placed in the receiving cavity, and the two ends of the adapter can be connected to the sliding piece and the support unit respectively. When adjacent support units are close to each other, the movement of the adapter will not be affected by the surrounding rock, so that the adapter can better pull the sliding piece towards the receiving cavity. Specifically, the distance that the adapter moves into the tunnel with the support unit is configured as r, where r is 10-30cm.

[0013] In one alternative embodiment, the through-hole unit further includes a sliding engagement member configured to be elastic, the sliding engagement member having a sliding cavity communicating with the receiving cavity, the sliding engagement member being disposed at one end of the through-hole member away from the support unit, and the sliding member being disposed at one end of the sliding engagement member away from the through-hole member, the sliding member being adapted to move toward the sliding cavity under the pulling force of the adapter.

[0014] Beneficial effects: By setting the through unit, a sliding fitting is also included. In this embodiment, the sliding fitting is a sliding tube. The sliding fitting is configured to be elastic and has a sliding cavity that communicates with the receiving cavity. The sliding fitting is specifically set at the end of the through unit away from the support unit, and the sliding member is set at the end of the sliding fitting away from the through unit. Thus, under the pulling force of the adapter, the sliding member can move towards the sliding cavity. And because the sliding fitting is elastic, the sliding member can be drilled into the sliding fitting more easily. At the same time, the sliding member can expand the diameter of the sliding fitting, so that the sliding fitting can be more tightly bonded to the surrounding rock.

[0015] In one optional embodiment, the outer diameter of the slider is larger than the inner diameter of the sliding cavity, and the inner diameter of the sliding cavity is larger than the inner diameter of the receiving cavity.

[0016] Beneficial effects: By setting the outer diameter of the sliding member to be larger than the inner diameter of the sliding cavity, when the sliding member is located at the end of the sliding mating member away from the penetrating member, the sliding member cannot directly drill into the sliding cavity, but can only drill into the sliding cavity under the pulling force of the adapter. By setting the inner diameter of the sliding cavity to be larger than the inner diameter of the receiving cavity, the sliding member cannot drill into the receiving cavity from within the sliding cavity. This allows the end of the penetrating member to limit the sliding member, so that the penetrating unit can provide a more stable reinforcement effect for the surrounding rock, avoiding the sliding member being able to slide all the time and failing to provide stable reinforcement.

[0017] In one optional embodiment, a plurality of recesses are spaced apart on the outer surface of the sliding mating member, the recesses extending from one end of the sliding mating member toward the other end, and the depth of the recesses being half the wall thickness of the sliding mating member.

[0018] Beneficial effects: By creating several recesses on the sliding mating parts, which are recessed grooves in this embodiment, all the recesses are specifically created on the outer surface of the sliding mating parts. Each recess extends from one end of the sliding mating parts toward the other end, and the depth of each recess is half the wall thickness of the sliding mating parts. In this way, the resistance of the sliding mating parts to the sliding parts can be reduced, making it easier for the sliding parts to enter the sliding cavity without getting stuck in the sliding cavity.

[0019] In one optional embodiment, the through-hole unit further includes a fixing member and a clamping member. The fixing member is connected to the end of the through-hole member away from the sliding member, and the clamping member is disposed on the fixing member. The clamping member is connected to the end of the adapter member away from the sliding member to fix the adapter member in the receiving cavity. When the through-hole member penetrates the support unit, the fixing member abuts against the support unit to fix the through-hole member.

[0020] Beneficial effects: By setting the through-unit, a fixing member and a clamping member are also included. In this embodiment, the fixing member and the clamping member are a fixing plate and a clamp, respectively. The fixing member is connected to the end of the through-unit away from the sliding member, and the clamping member is set on the fixing member. The clamping member is connected to the end of the adapter away from the sliding member, thereby fixing the adapter in the receiving cavity. When the through-unit penetrates the support unit, the fixing member will abut against the wall surface of the support unit away from the surrounding rock, thereby fixing the through-unit on the support unit. Specifically, the thickness of the fixing member is not less than 2cm to avoid the fixing member being crushed by the clamping member when under force.

[0021] In one alternative embodiment, the connection structure includes at least two connectors and a deformation assembly, the two connectors being disposed opposite each other, each connector being adapted to connect to the support unit, and the deformation assembly being disposed between the two connectors and configured to deform to provide a gradually decreasing to constant support force.

[0022] Beneficial effects: By setting the connection structure to include two connectors and a deformation component, the connectors in this embodiment are connecting plates, wherein the two connectors are arranged opposite to each other, and each connector can be connected to the support unit to realize the connection between the connection structure and the support unit. The deformation component is arranged between the two connectors, and the deformation component is configured to provide a gradually decreasing to constant support force through deformation, thereby realizing the function of the connection structure to provide a gradually decreasing to constant support force to the surrounding rock.

[0023] In one alternative embodiment, the deformable assembly includes at least two limiting members and a plurality of deformable members, with the two limiting members disposed opposite each other between the two connecting members, and all the deformable members disposed between the two limiting members.

[0024] Beneficial effects: By setting the deformation component to include two limiting members and several deformation members, the limiting members and deformation members in this embodiment are respectively a limiting frame and a special-shaped steel. The steel plate thickness of the special-shaped steel is 1-3cm. The two limiting members are arranged opposite to each other between the two connecting members, and all the deformation members are arranged between the two limiting members. This allows all the deformation members to be limited by the two limiting members between the two connecting members, thereby enabling the two connecting members to stably transmit the pressure of the surrounding rock to the deformation members.

[0025] In one alternative embodiment, the deformable component further includes a plurality of transmission members, any one of which is disposed between the deformable component and the connecting member.

[0026] Beneficial effects: By setting the deformation component, it also includes several transmission components. In this embodiment, the transmission components are transmission plates. Each transmission component is set between the deformation component and the connecting component, thereby increasing the contact area between the connecting component and the deformation component. This ensures the structural stability between the connecting component and the deformation component, and also allows the connecting component to transmit greater surrounding rock pressure to the deformation component.

[0027] Secondly, the present invention also provides a construction method applied to the aforementioned pressure-relief support structure, comprising the following steps: excavating the upper half of the tunnel with an excavation radius of R1, circumferentially assembling the first and second components, and installing a connecting structure between the first and second components; subsequently, driving through-hole units perpendicularly into the surrounding rock on the inner surfaces of the first and second components respectively; finally, installing fixing members and clamping members on the inner sides of the first and second components respectively, and connecting the end of the adapter near the component to the clamping member; continuously monitoring the tunnel deformation; when the radius of the upper half of the tunnel decreases from R1 to R2, excavating the lower half of the tunnel, installing the third component in the lower half of the tunnel, and installing a connecting structure between the third component and the second component; and using shotcrete to compact the remaining gaps in the connecting structure. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a pressure relief support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a pressure relief support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the connection structure of a pressure relief support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the through-unit structure of a pressure-relief support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of a through-hole unit of a pressure-relief support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the end structure of a pressure support structure where the through unit is far from the support unit, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0036] 1-Supporting structure; 11-First component; 12-Second component; 13-Third component; 131-Supporting unit; 132-Throughing unit; 1321-Throughing part; 1322-Sliding part; 1323-Adapter part; 1324-Sliding mating part; 1325-Fixing part; 1326-Clamping part; 2-Connecting structure; 21-Connecting part; 22-Deformable component; 221-Limiting part; 222-Deformable part; 223-Transfer part. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 6 The following describes embodiments of the present invention.

[0039] According to embodiments of the present invention, in one aspect, a pressure relief support structure is provided, such as... Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the structure includes a support structure 1 and several connecting structures 2. The support structure 1 includes a first component 11, several second components 12 and a third component 13. The first component 11 and the third component 13 are arranged opposite to each other. All the second components 12 are arranged between the first component 11 and the third component 13. Any component extends along the tunnel axis. Any connecting structure 2 is arranged between the first component 11 and the second component 12, between the second component 12 and the third component 13, or between two adjacent second components 12. Any connecting structure 2 is configured to deform to provide a gradually decreasing to constant support force.

[0040] Each component includes a support unit 131 and several through units 132. The support unit 131 is adapted to be connected to the connecting structure 2. Each through unit 132 includes a through member, a sliding member, and a transition member 1323. The through member passes through the support unit 131. The sliding member is located at the end of the through member away from the support unit 131. One end of the transition member 1323 is connected to the sliding member, and the other end is connected to the support unit 131. Under the pressure of the surrounding rock, the connecting structure 2 is adapted to deform to provide a continuously decreasing to constant supporting force. Adjacent support units 131 are adapted to move closer to each other. The sliding member is adapted to move toward the through member under the tension of the transition member 1323 to adapt to the deformation of the connecting structure 2.

[0041] The aforementioned pressure-relief support structure utilizes interconnected support structures 1 and several connecting structures 2. Each support structure 1 includes a first component 11, several second components 12, and a third component 13. The first component 11 and the third component 13 are arranged opposite each other, and all the second components 12 are positioned between the first component 11 and the third component 13. Each component extends along the tunnel axis, thus providing rigid support to the tunnel through multiple support structures 1. Each connecting component is positioned between the first component 11 and the second component 12, between the second component 12 and the third component 13, or between two adjacent second components 12. This allows the connecting components to connect the first component 11, all the second components 12, and the third component 13 together. Furthermore, each connecting component is configured to deform to provide a gradually decreasing to constant support force, thereby providing a flexible connection to adjacent support members through the connecting structures 2.

[0042] Specifically, each component includes a support unit 131 and several through units 132. The support unit 131 can be connected to the connecting structure 2 and provides rigid support for the surrounding rock. Each through unit 132 includes a through member, a sliding member, and a transition member 1323. In this embodiment, the through member, sliding member, and transition member 1323 are respectively a through pipe, a sliding head, and a steel strand. The through member is installed on the support unit 131, and when the support unit 131 provides support for the surrounding rock, the through member can be inserted into the surrounding rock to reinforce the surrounding rock supported by the support unit 131. The sliding member is located at the end of the through member away from the support unit 131, so that when the through member is inserted into the surrounding rock, the sliding member can also be inserted into the surrounding rock. The transition member 1323 is located inside the through member, and one end of the transition member 1323 is connected to the sliding member, and the other end is connected to the support unit 131, thereby fixing the sliding member at the end of the through member away from the support unit 131.

[0043] Under the pressure of the surrounding rock, the connecting structure 2 will deform and provide a support force to the surrounding rock that gradually decreases to a constant value. At this time, the adjacent support units 131 will move closer to each other and drive the adapter 1323 to move synchronously. This causes the adapter 1323 to drive the sliding member to move towards the penetration member. As a result, the sliding member will drill into the penetration member under the tension of the adapter 1323. In this way, the penetration unit 132 can provide flexible deformation and can adapt to the deformation of the connecting structure 2, without being stretched to the point of breakage when the adjacent support units 131 move closer to each other. This helps to reduce the elasticity requirements of the penetration member itself and can significantly improve the deformation of the penetration unit 132.

[0044] In summary, through the interconnected support structure 1 and connecting structure 2, the support structure 1 can provide rigid support for the surrounding rock, while the connecting structure 2 can provide a support force to the surrounding rock that gradually decreases to a constant force through deformation. At the same time, the through unit 132 installed on the support unit 131 can reinforce the surrounding rock supported by the support unit 131. When adjacent support units 131 approach each other, the through unit 132 can pull the sliding member into the through member through the adapter 1323 and adapt to the deformation of the connecting structure 2, which is beneficial to improving the deformation capacity of the pressure relief support structure.

[0045] In one embodiment, such as Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the through member has a receiving cavity with openings at both ends, and the adapter 1323 is disposed in the receiving cavity. Under the pulling force of the adapter 1323, the sliding member is adapted to move toward the receiving cavity.

[0046] The aforementioned pressure-relief support structure, by providing a through member with an open-ended receiving cavity at both ends, allows the adapter 1323 to be placed within the receiving cavity. This enables the two ends of the adapter 1323 to be connected to the sliding member and the support unit 131 respectively. Furthermore, when adjacent support units 131 approach each other, the movement of the adapter 1323 is not affected by the surrounding rock, thus allowing the adapter 1323 to better pull the sliding member towards the receiving cavity. Specifically, the distance by which the adapter 1323 moves into the tunnel with the support unit 131 is configured as r, where r is 10-30cm.

[0047] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the through unit 132 also includes a sliding engagement member 1324, which is configured to be elastic. The sliding engagement member 1324 has a sliding cavity that communicates with the receiving cavity. The sliding engagement member 1324 is located at the end of the through member away from the support unit 131, and the sliding member is located at the end of the sliding engagement member 1324 away from the through member. Under the pulling force of the adapter 1323, the sliding member is adapted to move toward the sliding cavity.

[0048] The pressure relief support structure described above also includes a sliding fitting 1324 through the through-hole unit 132. In this embodiment, the sliding fitting 1324 is a sliding tube. The sliding fitting 1324 is configured to be elastic and has a sliding cavity communicating with the receiving cavity. The sliding fitting 1324 is specifically located at the end of the through-hole unit away from the support unit 131, and the sliding member is located at the end of the sliding fitting 1324 away from the through-hole unit. Under the pulling force of the adapter 1323, the sliding member can move towards the sliding cavity. Because the sliding fitting 1324 is elastic, the sliding member can more easily drill into the sliding fitting 1324. At the same time, the sliding member can expand the diameter of the sliding fitting 1324, so that the sliding fitting 1324 can be more tightly bonded to the surrounding rock.

[0049] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the outer diameter of the slider is larger than the inner diameter of the sliding cavity, and the inner diameter of the sliding cavity is larger than the inner diameter of the receiving cavity.

[0050] The pressure relief support structure described above, by setting the outer diameter of the sliding member to be larger than the inner diameter of the sliding cavity, prevents the sliding member from directly drilling into the sliding cavity when it is located at the end of the sliding mating member 1324 away from the penetrating member. Instead, it can only drill into the sliding cavity under the pulling force of the adapter 1323. By setting the inner diameter of the sliding cavity to be larger than the inner diameter of the receiving cavity, the sliding member cannot drill into the receiving cavity from within the sliding cavity. This allows the end of the penetrating member to limit the sliding member, enabling the penetrating unit 132 to provide a more stable reinforcement effect for the surrounding rock and preventing the sliding member from always sliding and failing to provide stable reinforcement.

[0051] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, a plurality of recesses are spaced apart on the outer surface of the sliding fit 1324. The recesses extend from one end of the sliding fit 1324 toward the other end, and the depth of the recesses is half the wall thickness of the sliding fit 1324.

[0052] The pressure relief support structure described above, through a number of recesses formed on the sliding fitting 1324, which in this embodiment are recessed grooves, all the recesses are specifically formed on the outer surface of the sliding fitting 1324. Each recess extends from one end of the sliding fitting 1324 toward the other end, and the depth of each recess is half the wall thickness of the sliding fitting 1324. In this way, the resistance of the sliding fitting 1324 to the sliding member can be reduced, so that the sliding member can more easily enter the sliding cavity and will not get stuck in the sliding cavity.

[0053] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the through unit 132 also includes a fixing member 1325 and a clamping member 1326. The fixing member 1325 is connected to the end of the through member away from the sliding member. The clamping member 1326 is disposed on the fixing member 1325. The clamping member 1326 is connected to the end of the adapter 1323 away from the sliding member to fix the adapter 1323 in the receiving cavity. When the through member passes through the support unit 131, the fixing member 1325 abuts against the support unit 131 to fix the through member.

[0054] The pressure relief support structure described above, through the through-through unit 132, also includes a fixing member 1325 and a clamping member 1326. In this embodiment, the fixing member 1325 and the clamping member 1326 are a fixing plate and a clamp, respectively. The fixing member 1325 is connected to the end of the through-through member away from the sliding member, and the clamping member 1326 is disposed on the fixing member 1325. The clamping member 1326 is connected to the end of the adapter 1323 away from the sliding member, thereby fixing the adapter 1323 in the receiving cavity. When the through-through member penetrates the support unit 131, the fixing member 1325 will abut against the wall surface of the support unit 131 away from the surrounding rock, thereby fixing the through-through member to the support unit 131. Specifically, the thickness of the fixing member 1325 is not less than 2cm to avoid the fixing member 1325 being crushed by the clamping member 1326 when under force.

[0055] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the connection structure 2 includes at least two connectors 21 and a deformation component 22. The two connectors 21 are arranged opposite to each other, and either connector 21 is adapted to be connected to the support unit 131. The deformation component 22 is disposed between the two connectors 21 and is configured to deform to provide a gradually decreasing to constant support force.

[0056] The pressure relief support structure described above includes a connection structure 2 comprising two connectors 21 and a deformation component 22. In this embodiment, the connectors 21 are connecting plates. The two connectors 21 are arranged opposite to each other, and each connector 21 can be connected to the support unit 131 to achieve the connection between the connection structure 2 and the support unit 131. The deformation component 22 is arranged between the two connectors 21 and is configured to provide a gradually decreasing to constant support force through deformation, thereby enabling the connection structure 2 to provide a gradually decreasing to constant support force to the surrounding rock.

[0057] Specifically, the number of connecting structures 2 is configured as n, which can be 2, 4, or 6. The initial length of connecting structure 2 is configured as d1, which is 30-35 cm. The length of connecting structure 2 after deformation is configured as d2. The relationship between the compressed length of connecting structure 2 and the tensile length of adapter 1323 is as follows: .

[0058] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the deformable component 22 includes at least two limiting members 221 and a plurality of deformable members 222. The two limiting members 221 are disposed opposite to each other between the two connecting members 21, and all the deformable members 222 are disposed between the two limiting members 221.

[0059] The pressure relief support structure described above includes a deformation component 22 comprising two limiting members 221 and several deformation members 222. In this embodiment, the limiting members 221 and the deformation members 222 are respectively a limiting frame and a special-shaped steel plate. The thickness of the special-shaped steel plate is 1-3cm. The two limiting members 221 are arranged opposite to each other between the two connecting members 21, and all the deformation members 222 are arranged between the two limiting members 221. This allows all the deformation members 222 to be limited by the two limiting members 221 between the two connecting members 21, thereby enabling the two connecting members 21 to stably transmit the pressure of the surrounding rock to the deformation members 222.

[0060] Specifically, several limiting grooves are provided on opposite sides of the deformable part 222. When the deformable part 222 is placed between two limiting parts 221, the limiting grooves can engage with the limiting parts 221, thereby improving the installation stability of the deformable part 222.

[0061] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the deformable component 22 also includes several transmission members 223, any one of which is disposed between the deformable component 222 and the connecting member 21.

[0062] The pressure relief support structure described above also includes several transmission components 223 by setting the deformation component 22. In this embodiment, the transmission component 223 is a transmission plate. Each transmission component 223 is set between the deformation component 222 and the connecting component 21, thereby increasing the contact area between the connecting component 21 and the deformation component 222. This ensures the structural stability between the connecting component 21 and the deformation component 222, and also allows the connecting component 21 to transmit greater surrounding rock pressure to the deformation component 222.

[0063] According to an embodiment of the present invention, another aspect provides a construction method applied to the above-mentioned pressure relief support structure, comprising the following steps: excavating the upper part of the tunnel with an excavation radius of R1, circumferentially assembling the first component 11 and the second component 12, and installing a connecting structure 2 between the first component 11 and the second component 12; subsequently, driving through units 132 perpendicularly into the surrounding rock on the inner surfaces of the first component 11 and the second component 12 respectively; finally, installing fixing members 1325 and clamping members 1326 on the inner sides of the first component 11 and the second component 12 respectively, and connecting the end of the adapter 1323 near the component to the clamping member 1326; continuously monitoring the tunnel deformation; when the radius of the upper part of the tunnel decreases from R1 to R2, excavating the lower part of the tunnel, installing the third component 13 in the lower part of the tunnel, and installing the connecting structure 2 between the third component 13 and the second component 12; and using shotcrete to fill the remaining gaps in the connecting structure 2.

[0064] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A construction method applied to a pressure-bearing support structure, characterized in that, The pressure relief support structure includes: The support structure (1) includes a first component (11), a plurality of second components (12) and a third component (13), the first component (11) and the third component (13) are arranged opposite to each other, all the second components (12) are arranged between the first component (11) and the third component (13), and any component extends along the tunnel axis direction; A plurality of connection structures (2), any one of the connection structures (2) being disposed between the first component (11) and the second component (12), between the second component (12) and the third component (13) or between two adjacent second components (12), any one of the connection structures (2) being configured to deform to provide a support force that gradually decreases to a constant; Each of the components includes a support unit (131) and a plurality of through units (132). The support unit (131) is adapted to be connected to the connection structure (2). Each of the through units (132) includes a through member, a sliding member and a transition member (1323). The transition member (1323) is a steel strand. The through member is passed through the support unit (131). The sliding member is disposed at one end of the through member away from the support unit (131). One end of the transition member (1323) is connected to the sliding member and the other end is connected to the support unit (131). Under the pressure of the surrounding rock, the connecting structure (2) is adapted to deform to provide a support force that is continuously reduced to a constant, the adjacent support units (131) are adapted to move closer to each other, and the sliding member is adapted to move toward the through member under the tension of the adapter (1323) to adapt to the deformation of the connecting structure (2). The through member has a receiving cavity with openings at both ends, and the adapter (1323) is disposed in the receiving cavity. Under the pulling force of the adapter (1323), the sliding member is adapted to move toward the receiving cavity. The through unit (132) further includes a sliding engagement member (1324), which is configured to be elastic. The sliding engagement member (1324) has a sliding cavity communicating with the receiving cavity. The sliding engagement member (1324) is disposed at one end of the through member away from the support unit (131). The sliding member is disposed at one end of the sliding engagement member (1324) away from the through member. Under the pulling force of the adapter (1323), the sliding member is adapted to move toward the sliding cavity. The outer diameter of the slider is larger than the inner diameter of the sliding cavity, and the inner diameter of the sliding cavity is larger than the inner diameter of the receiving cavity; The outer surface of the sliding fit member (1324) is provided with a plurality of recesses spaced apart. The recesses extend from one end of the sliding fit member (1324) toward the other end, and the depth of the recesses is half the wall thickness of the sliding fit member (1324). The through-hole unit (132) further includes a fixing member (1325) and a clamping member (1326). The fixing member (1325) is connected to the end of the through-hole member away from the sliding member. The clamping member (1326) is disposed on the fixing member (1325). The clamping member (1326) is connected to the end of the adapter (1323) away from the sliding member to fix the adapter (1323) in the receiving cavity. When the through-hole member penetrates the support unit (131), the fixing member (1325) abuts against the support unit (131) to fix the through-hole member. The connection structure (2) includes at least two connectors (21) and a deformation component (22). The two connectors (21) are arranged opposite to each other. Each connector (21) is adapted to be connected to the support unit (131). The deformation component (22) is disposed between the two connectors (21) and is configured to deform to provide a gradually decreasing to constant support force. The deformable component (22) includes at least two limiting members (221) and a plurality of deformable members (222). Any of the deformable members (222) is a special-shaped steel. The two limiting members (221) are disposed opposite to each other between the two connecting members (21). All the deformable members (222) are disposed between the two limiting members (221). The deformable component (22) further includes a plurality of transmission members (223), any one of the transmission members (223) being disposed between the deformable component (222) and the connecting member (21); The construction method includes the following steps: The upper half of the tunnel is excavated with a radius of R1. The first component (11) and the second component (12) are assembled circumferentially, and a connecting structure (2) is installed between the first component (11) and the second component (12). Then, penetration units (132) are drilled vertically into the surrounding rock on the inner surfaces of the first component (11) and the second component (12). Finally, a fixing part (1325) and a clamping part (1326) are installed on the inner sides of the first component (11) and the second component (12), and the end of the adapter (1323) near the component is connected to the clamping part (1326). The deformation of the tunnel is continuously monitored. When the radius of the upper half of the tunnel decreases from R1 to R2, the lower half of the tunnel is excavated. The third component (13) is installed in the lower half of the tunnel, and a connecting structure (2) is installed between the third component (13) and the second component (12). The remaining gaps in the connecting structure (2) are filled with shotcrete. The number of the connecting structures (2) is configured as n, where n is 2, 4, or 6. The initial length of the connecting structure (2) is configured as d1, where d1 is 30-35 cm. The length of the connecting structure (2) after deformation is configured as d2. The relationship between the compressed length of the connecting structure (2) and the stretched length of the adapter (1323) is as follows: .

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