Steel structural member stress monitoring method and device and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to a steel structural member stress monitoring method and device and electronic equipment, and belongs to the technical field of steel structural member stress monitoring, and a plurality of eddy current coils arranged in a polygonal shape are arranged in a to-be-monitored area on a steel structural member; the method comprises the following steps: exciting each eddy current coil in sequence, and collecting eddy current signals in other eddy current coils after each excitation; the eddy current signals are identified, and the magnitude of first stress pointing to the directions of other eddy current coils from the excited eddy current coil is obtained; performing stress synthesis according to the size and the direction of each first stress obtained after each excitation to obtain the size and the direction of a second stress; and according to the magnitude and the direction of each second stress, determining the magnitude and the direction of the principal stress borne by the to-be-monitored area. According to the invention, lossless and synchronous monitoring of the magnitude and direction of the principal stress of the steel structural member can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of stress monitoring technology for steel structural components, and more particularly to a method, device, and electronic equipment for stress monitoring of steel structural components. Background Technology

[0002] Steel structural components are widely used in heavy machinery, aerospace, road and bridge construction, building construction, pipeline transportation, and other fields due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, during long-term service, steel structural components are subjected to complex loads, and internal residual stress and working stress directly affect their lifespan and may lead to structural failure. Therefore, the magnitude and direction of stress are important parameters for assessing the condition of steel structural components, and their accurate monitoring is of great significance for evaluating the safety of steel structural components.

[0003] Large steel structures are subjected to complex stress states, such as... Figure 1 As shown, large steel structures are affected by stresses F, F', and F" from different sources during use, and their stress-permeability relationship is strongly nonlinear. Traditional stress detection methods, such as X-ray diffraction and strain gauges, require contact measurement, are costly, and are difficult to monitor stress magnitude and direction in real time. Magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) technology can also measure stress but cannot quantify direction and requires near-surface polishing.

[0004] In summary, the aforementioned traditional methods cannot simultaneously monitor the magnitude and direction of stress in steel structural components. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a method, device and electronic equipment for stress monitoring of steel structural components to solve the problem that traditional methods cannot simultaneously monitor the magnitude and direction of stress in steel structural components.

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for stress monitoring of steel structural components, wherein multiple eddy current coils arranged in a polygonal shape are disposed in the area to be monitored on the steel structural component; the method includes: Each of the eddy current coils is excited sequentially, and the eddy current signals in the other eddy current coils are collected after each excitation. The eddy current signal is identified to obtain the magnitude of the first stress in the direction from the excited eddy current coil to each of the other eddy current coils; Stress synthesis is performed based on the magnitude and direction of each of the first stresses obtained after each excitation to obtain the magnitude and direction of the second stress. The magnitude and direction of the principal stresses on the monitored area are determined based on the magnitude and direction of each of the second stresses.

[0007] In one possible implementation, determining the magnitude and direction of the principal stresses on the monitored area based on the magnitude and direction of each of the second stresses includes: Based on the magnitude and direction of each of the second stresses, a stress distribution function is constructed; By combining the preset directional change step size with the stress distribution function, the stress magnitudes in multiple directions are calculated, and the direction of the maximum stress value is taken as the principal stress direction, and the maximum stress value is taken as the principal stress magnitude.

[0008] In one possible implementation, constructing the stress distribution function based on the magnitude and orientation of each of the second stresses includes: The direction of some of the second stresses is reversed so that the included angle between the directions of each of the second stresses is less than 180°; Based on the magnitude and direction of each of the second stresses after the flipping, a stress distribution function within a 180° angle range is constructed.

[0009] In one possible implementation, identifying the eddy current signal to obtain the magnitude of the first stress in the direction pointing from the excited eddy current coil to each of the other eddy current coils includes: The eddy current signal is identified to obtain its phase characteristics; Based on the mapping relationship between the phase characteristics and the stress magnitude, the magnitude of the first stress is obtained from the direction from the excited eddy current coil to each of the other eddy current coils.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: Gradient stress was applied to a specimen made of the same material as the steel structural component, and the phase characteristics of the eddy current signals in the eddy current coils set on the specimen were recorded under different stresses. The mapping relationship is obtained by performing polynomial fitting on different stresses and the corresponding phase characteristics.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the direction of the second stress is from the excited eddy current coil to the midpoint of each of the other eddy current coils.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the polygon is an equilateral triangle, and the plurality of eddy current coils are located at the vertices of the equilateral triangle.

[0013] In one possible implementation, a monitoring unit is formed by multiple eddy current coils arranged in a polygonal shape, and the area to be monitored is provided with multiple monitoring units spliced ​​together.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention also provides a stress monitoring device for steel structural components, comprising: Multiple eddy current coils arranged in a polygonal shape are installed on the steel structure to be monitored in the area; A frequency-adjustable signal generator is used to sequentially excite each of the eddy current coils; A multi-channel signal synchronous acquisition module is used to acquire eddy current signals from other eddy current coils after each excitation. An embedded processing unit is used to identify the eddy current signal and obtain the magnitude of the first stress pointing from the excited eddy current coil to each of the other eddy current coils; to perform stress synthesis based on the magnitude and direction of each of the first stresses obtained after each excitation to obtain the magnitude and direction of the second stress; and to determine the magnitude and direction of the principal stress on the monitored area based on the magnitude and direction of each of the second stresses.

[0015] Thirdly, the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used to store a program; and the processor is coupled to the memory and used to execute the program stored in the memory to implement the steps in the steel structure stress monitoring method of any of the above.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention involves arranging multiple eddy current coils in a polygonal pattern within the monitoring area of ​​a steel structural component. Each eddy current coil is sequentially excited, and eddy current signals from other coils are collected after each excitation. These signals are then identified to determine the magnitude of a first stress pointing from the excited eddy current coil to the other coils. Next, stress synthesis is performed based on the magnitude and direction of each first stress obtained after each excitation to obtain the magnitude and direction of a second stress. Thus, a second stress pointing in a specific direction can be obtained after each excitation. Finally, the stress distribution in the monitoring area of ​​the steel structural component can be obtained based on the magnitude and direction of the second stresses obtained from multiple excitations. This stress distribution allows for the determination of the magnitude and direction of the principal stresses in the monitoring area. This invention enables non-destructive, simultaneous monitoring of the magnitude and direction of the principal stresses in steel structural components. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the stress on steel provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the stress monitoring method for steel structural components provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This invention provides a schematic diagram of an equilateral triangular array eddy current probe setup. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a stress state detection process provided by the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating an embodiment of S204; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a structure of an embodiment of the stress monitoring device for steel structural components provided by the present invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the electronic device provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence, nor to indicate or imply their relative importance or implicitly specify the number of indicated technical features. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class, and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more.

[0021] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0022] Before demonstrating the embodiments, the following terms will be explained.

[0023] Eddy current signal: When a conductor material (such as steel or aluminum) is brought close to a coil carrying an alternating current, eddy currents are induced inside the conductor material due to electromagnetic induction. These eddy currents, in turn, affect the electromagnetic characteristics of the original coil. These measurable changes are called eddy current signals.

[0024] Steel structural components: These are independent structural units or components made of steel (usually profiles, plates, pipes, etc.) as the main material, manufactured through processes such as cutting, welding, and bolting, and used in engineering projects such as buildings, bridges, and equipment.

[0025] This invention provides a method, device, and electronic device for stress monitoring of steel structural components, which are described below.

[0026] Reference Figure 2 This diagram illustrates a flowchart of an embodiment of the stress monitoring method for steel structural components provided by the present invention. Multiple eddy current coils arranged in a polygonal shape are disposed in the monitoring area on the steel structural component. The polygon can be an equilateral triangle, a regular square, or a regular pentagon, etc., and this embodiment does not impose specific limitations on the shape of the polygon. The multiple eddy current coils can be located at the vertices of the polygon. Figure 3 The diagram illustrates a schematic of an equilateral triangular array eddy current probe setup provided by this invention. Each eddy current probe is located at a vertex of an equilateral triangle, and each probe includes coil 1, coil 2, and coil 3, with a center-to-center distance of 15 mm between the three coils. Each of the three coils also includes a magnetic core, which can be a manganese-zinc ferrite core (μ... ≥5000 (3 mm in diameter) is used to enhance the excitation signal. The method in this embodiment includes: S201 sequentially excites each eddy current coil and collects the eddy current signals in the other eddy current coils after each excitation.

[0027] Each eddy current coil can be excited in a specific order, for example, by sequentially passing alternating current through each eddy current coil in a clockwise or counterclockwise order. Then, the eddy current signals in the other eddy current coils after excitation are synchronously acquired. The other eddy current coils refer to the unexcited eddy current coils among the multiple eddy current coils.

[0028] S202 identifies the eddy current signal and obtains the magnitude of the first stress in the direction from the excited eddy current coil to each of the other eddy current coils.

[0029] After each excitation, the acquired eddy current signals are identified to obtain the magnitudes of multiple first stresses. The directions of these first stresses are determined by the direction from the excited eddy current coil to each of the other eddy current coils. Identifying the magnitude of the first stress based on eddy current signals is a mature existing technology and will not be elaborated upon further here.

[0030] S203, based on the magnitude and direction of each first stress obtained after each excitation, stress synthesis is performed to obtain the magnitude and direction of the second stress.

[0031] Given the magnitude and direction of stress, stress synthesis is a well-established and mature technique in this field, and will not be elaborated upon further here.

[0032] In one example of this embodiment, the direction of the second stress can be first determined as the direction from the excited eddy current coil to the midpoint of each of the other eddy current coils, and then the first stress can be synthesized. For example... Figure 4 As shown, coil 1 is an excited eddy current coil, while coils 2 and 3 are other eddy current coils. The first stress includes the stress from coil 1 to coil 2. and the stress of coil 1 pointing towards coil 3 , stress and Stress synthesis yields the second stress Second stress The pointer is . This is obtained by exciting coil 3 and then analyzing the eddy current signals in coils 1 and 2. The specific analysis process is described in [reference needed]. This embodiment simplifies the determination of the direction of the second stress and makes the direction distribution of the second stress more uniform, which facilitates subsequent calculations.

[0033] S204. Based on the magnitude and direction of each secondary stress, determine the magnitude and direction of the principal stress on the area to be monitored.

[0034] After one excitation cycle, the magnitude and direction of multiple second stresses can be obtained. Then, based on the symmetry of the stress tensor (second stress), the direction of some of the second stresses can be flipped so that the angle between the directions of each second stress is less than 180°. Then, the magnitude and direction of the principal stresses are obtained by synthesizing each second stress.

[0035] The stress monitoring method for steel structural components provided in this embodiment can be applied to a stress monitoring system for steel structural components. This system can be a software system running on a terminal device. The terminal device can be a tablet computer, in-vehicle device, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) device, laptop computer, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), netbook, personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile phone, etc. This embodiment does not impose any restrictions on the specific type of terminal device.

[0036] In summary, this embodiment involves setting multiple eddy current coils arranged in a polygonal shape in the area to be monitored on a steel structural component. Then, each eddy current coil is sequentially excited, and eddy current signals from other coils are collected after each excitation. These signals are identified to obtain the magnitude of the first stress pointing from the excited eddy current coil to each of the other eddy current coils. Stress synthesis is then performed based on the magnitude and direction of each of the first stresses obtained after each excitation to obtain the magnitude and direction of the second stress. Finally, the stress distribution in the monitored area of ​​the steel structural component can be obtained based on the magnitude and direction of the second stresses obtained from multiple excitations. This stress distribution allows for the determination of the magnitude and direction of the principal stresses in the monitored area. This embodiment enables non-destructive, synchronous monitoring of the magnitude and direction of the principal stresses in a steel structural component.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 5 As shown, step S204 includes: S501, construct the stress distribution function based on the magnitude and direction of each second stress.

[0038] The stress distribution function can be obtained by processing each second stress through various methods such as polynomial fitting, finite element interpolation, and radial basis function-based methods.

[0039] S502 calculates the stress magnitude in multiple directions by combining the preset direction change step size with the stress distribution function, and takes the direction of the maximum stress as the principal stress direction and the maximum stress as the principal stress magnitude.

[0040] The stress distribution function can be used to calculate stresses in more different directions, and then the principal stresses (the principal stresses are the maximum stresses in these different directions) can be determined from these stresses.

[0041] This embodiment improves the granularity of stress data by constructing a stress distribution function and calculating stresses in more different directions based on the stress distribution function. Then, the principal stresses are determined from these stresses in different directions, further improving the accuracy of the determined principal stresses.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present invention, S501 includes: The direction of some of the second stresses is reversed so that the included angle between the directions of each second stress is less than 180°. Based on the magnitude and direction of each second stress after the flip, a stress distribution function is constructed within a 180° angle range.

[0043] In this embodiment, the flipping process can be referred to Figure 4As shown, the second stress is obtained by exciting coil 2 and then analyzing the eddy current signals in coils 1 and 3. The direction of this second stress is then reversed by 180°. This is the second stress after the flip. After flipping, , and The included angles are all 60°.

[0044] After constructing the stress distribution function within a 180° angle range, the stress magnitudes in multiple directions can be calculated within the 180° angle range, and the direction of the maximum stress value is taken as the principal stress direction, and the maximum stress value is taken as the principal stress magnitude.

[0045] Taking a polygon with an equilateral triangle as an example, three sets of stress components at 60° intervals are obtained. , , Then, construct the continuous stress distribution function. σ(α)=f(σ 1 ,σ 2 ,σ 3 ,α) , α ∈[0°,180°]; The specific function is: , where the coefficient pass , , The calculations determine the specifics:

[0046] Then, the results are obtained by scanning with a step size of 1°. σ(α) The maximum value is taken as the magnitude of the principal stress. σ(α) The maximum value corresponding to α The value is used as the direction of the principal stress.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present invention, S102 includes: The eddy current signal is identified to obtain its phase characteristics; Based on the mapping relationship between phase characteristics and stress magnitude, the magnitude of the first stress in the direction from the excited eddy current coil to each of the other eddy current coils is obtained.

[0048] When a steel structural component is subjected to stress in different directions, the magnetic moments of the magnetic domains in those directions will deflect towards the direction of stress. This results in an increase in the permeability of the steel component in the direction of stress and a decrease in the permeability perpendicular to the direction of stress, manifested as an increase in conductivity in the direction of stress. Therefore, when using eddy current coils for detection, due to the different conductivity at different locations, the eddy current signals received at the same excitation location will differ, meaning that certain characteristics of the eddy current signal will change. By constructing a mapping relationship between these changing characteristics and the magnitude of stress, the magnitude of the internal stress of the steel structural component can be analyzed based on the response eddy current signal. These changing characteristics include phase characteristics, amplitude attenuation rate, and spectral harmonic components. This embodiment focuses on the analysis of phase characteristics.

[0049] The phase characteristic can be the phase difference between the eddy current signal and the excitation signal. The phase characteristic can be obtained by performing a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on both the eddy current signal and the excitation signal to obtain their frequency domain spectra, followed by frequency domain spectrum analysis. The mapping relationship between the phase characteristic and the stress magnitude can be pre-calibrated through actual experiments or simulations.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the stress monitoring method for steel structural components further includes: Gradient stress was applied to a specimen made of the same material as the steel structural component, and the phase characteristics of the eddy current signals in the eddy current coils set on the specimen were recorded under different stresses. Polynomial fitting was performed on different stresses and their corresponding phase characteristics to obtain the mapping relationship.

[0051] Specifically, a specimen made of the same material as the object to be monitored can be prepared first, and the stress in the specimen can be removed by heat treatment. Then, the specimen can be mounted on a tensile testing machine, and the stress detection probe can be mounted on the surface of the specimen. Next, the tensile testing machine and the stress detection equipment can be started, and a high-frequency excitation signal can be applied to the eddy current coil using a host computer control signal generator, and the stress value and the corresponding eddy current signal can be collected in real time. Finally, the collected eddy current signal can be processed and calibrated with the stress value to obtain the stress-eddy current signal characteristic value calibration curve.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, a monitoring unit is formed by multiple eddy current coils arranged in a polygonal shape, and multiple monitoring units spliced ​​together are provided in the area to be monitored.

[0053] Interconnection allows for the sharing of some eddy current coils. For example, coils 1, 2, and 3 can form one monitoring unit, and coils 1, 2, and 4 can form another. The principal stresses of each monitoring unit can be obtained using the aforementioned steel structure stress monitoring method. By connecting these monitoring units, large-scale monitoring of steel structures can be achieved.

[0054] The present invention also provides a stress monitoring device for steel structural components, the device comprising: Multiple eddy current coils arranged in a polygonal shape are installed on the steel structure to be monitored in the area; A frequency-adjustable signal generator is used to sequentially excite each of the eddy current coils; A multi-channel signal synchronous acquisition module is used to acquire eddy current signals from other eddy current coils after each excitation. An embedded processing unit is used to identify the eddy current signal and obtain the magnitude of the first stress pointing from the excited eddy current coil to each of the other eddy current coils; to perform stress synthesis based on the magnitude and direction of each of the first stresses obtained after each excitation to obtain the magnitude and direction of the second stress; and to determine the magnitude and direction of the principal stress on the monitored area based on the magnitude and direction of each of the second stresses.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present invention, the device includes: a plurality of eddy current sensor probes arranged in a polygonal shape on the area to be monitored on a steel structure, each eddy current sensor probe including an eddy current coil, and each eddy current coil including a magnetic core.

[0056] In some embodiments of the present invention, the tunable signal generator can output a 5–50 kHz sinusoidal excitation signal.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present invention, the embedded processing unit includes: The phase difference calculation module extracts the fundamental phase shift based on the FFT results; The calibration curve matching engine stores stress-phase difference mapping relationships; A stress synthesis algorithm library that enables scanning calculations in the 0°–180° direction.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus further includes: The host computer is used to configure parameters and visualize stress distribution.

[0059] Reference Figure 6 The diagram illustrates a structural schematic of a stress monitoring device for steel structural components provided by this invention. The device includes an adjustable frequency signal generator 10, a host computer 20, an embedded processing unit 30, a multi-channel synchronous acquisition module 40, an equilateral triangular array eddy current sensor probe 50, and a steel structural component 60. This device enables non-contact, non-destructive testing and has a wide range of applications. It can detect stresses of different magnitudes and directions, facilitating online stress monitoring of steel structural components.

[0060] It should be noted that the implementation principles or processes of the above modules can be referred to the aforementioned embodiments of the stress monitoring method for steel structural components, and will not be elaborated here.

[0061] Reference Figure 7 The present invention illustrates an electronic device 700. The electronic device 700 includes a processor 701, a memory 702, and a display 703. Figure 7 Only some components of the electronic device 700 are shown, but it should be understood that it is not required to implement all the components shown, and more or fewer components may be implemented instead.

[0062] In some embodiments, processor 701 may be a central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, or other data processing chip, used to run program code stored in memory 702 or process data, such as the stress monitoring method for steel structures in this invention.

[0063] In some embodiments, processor 701 may be a single server or a group of servers. The server group may be centralized or distributed. In some embodiments, processor 701 may be local or remote. In some embodiments, processor 701 may be implemented on a cloud platform. In one embodiment, the cloud platform may include a private cloud, public cloud, hybrid cloud, community cloud, distributed cloud, internal cloud, multi-cloud, etc., or any combination thereof.

[0064] In some embodiments, memory 702 may be an internal storage unit of electronic device 700, such as a hard disk or memory of electronic device 700. In other embodiments, memory 702 may also be an external storage device of electronic device 700, such as a plug-in hard disk, smart media card (SMC), secure digital (SD) card, flash card, etc. equipped on electronic device 700.

[0065] Furthermore, the memory 702 may include both internal storage units of the electronic device 700 and external storage devices. The memory 702 is used to store application software and various types of data installed on the electronic device 700.

[0066] In some embodiments, display 703 may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, or an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) touchscreen. Display 703 is used to display information from electronic device 700 and to display a visual user interface. Components 701-703 of electronic device 700 communicate with each other via a system bus.

[0067] In one embodiment, when the processor 701 executes the stress monitoring program for steel structural components in the memory 702, the following steps can be implemented: Each eddy current coil is excited sequentially, and the eddy current signals in the other eddy current coils are collected after each excitation. By identifying the eddy current signal, the magnitude of the first stress in the direction from the excited eddy current coil to each of the other eddy current coils is obtained; Stress synthesis is performed based on the magnitude and direction of each first stress obtained after each excitation to obtain the magnitude and direction of the second stress. Based on the magnitude and direction of each secondary stress, determine the magnitude and direction of the principal stresses on the area to be monitored.

[0068] It should be understood that when the processor 701 executes the stress monitoring program for steel structural components in the memory 702, in addition to the functions mentioned above, it can also perform other functions, as detailed in the description of the corresponding method embodiments above.

[0069] Furthermore, this embodiment of the invention does not specifically limit the type of electronic device 700 mentioned. Electronic device 700 can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), wearable device, laptop computer, or other portable electronic device. Exemplary embodiments of portable electronic devices include, but are not limited to, portable electronic devices running iOS, Android, Microsoft, or other operating systems. The aforementioned portable electronic device can also be other portable electronic devices, such as a laptop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch panel). It should also be understood that in some other embodiments of the invention, electronic device 700 may not be a portable electronic device, but rather a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch panel).

[0070] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes of the methods described in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be a disk, optical disk, read-only memory, or random access memory, etc.

[0071] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for stress monitoring of steel structural components, characterized in that, Multiple eddy current coils arranged in a polygonal shape are placed in the area to be monitored on the steel structure; the method includes: Each of the eddy current coils is excited sequentially, and the eddy current signals in the other eddy current coils are collected after each excitation. The eddy current signal is identified to obtain the magnitude of the first stress in the direction from the excited eddy current coil to each of the other eddy current coils; Stress synthesis is performed based on the magnitude and direction of each of the first stresses obtained after each excitation to obtain the magnitude and direction of the second stress. The magnitude and direction of the principal stresses on the monitored area are determined based on the magnitude and direction of each of the second stresses.

2. The method for stress monitoring of steel structural components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the magnitude and direction of the principal stress on the monitored area based on the magnitude and direction of each of the second stresses includes: Based on the magnitude and direction of each of the second stresses, a stress distribution function is constructed; By combining the preset directional change step size with the stress distribution function, the stress magnitudes in multiple directions are calculated, and the direction of the maximum stress value is taken as the principal stress direction, and the maximum stress value is taken as the principal stress magnitude.

3. The method for monitoring stress in steel structural components according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of constructing a stress distribution function based on the magnitude and direction of each of the second stresses includes: The direction of some of the second stresses is reversed so that the included angle between the directions of each of the second stresses is less than 180°; Based on the magnitude and direction of each of the second stresses after the flipping, a stress distribution function within a 180° angle range is constructed.

4. The method for stress monitoring of steel structural components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of identifying the eddy current signal to obtain the magnitude of the first stress in the direction from the excited eddy current coil to each of the other eddy current coils includes: The eddy current signal is identified to obtain its phase characteristics; Based on the mapping relationship between the phase characteristics and the stress magnitude, the magnitude of the first stress is obtained from the direction from the excited eddy current coil to each of the other eddy current coils.

5. The method for stress monitoring of steel structural components according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: Gradient stress was applied to a specimen made of the same material as the steel structural component, and the phase characteristics of the eddy current signals in the eddy current coils set on the specimen were recorded under different stresses. The mapping relationship is obtained by performing polynomial fitting on different stresses and the corresponding phase characteristics.

6. The method for stress monitoring of steel structural components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The direction of the second stress is from the excited eddy current coil to the midpoint of each of the other eddy current coils.

7. The method for stress monitoring of steel structural components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polygon is an equilateral triangle, and the plurality of eddy current coils are located at the vertices of the equilateral triangle.

8. The method for stress monitoring of steel structural components according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple eddy current coils arranged in a polygonal shape form a monitoring unit, and multiple monitoring units are spliced ​​together in the area to be monitored.

9. A stress monitoring device for steel structural components, characterized in that, include: Multiple eddy current coils arranged in a polygonal shape are installed on the steel structure to be monitored in the area; A frequency-adjustable signal generator is used to sequentially excite each of the eddy current coils; A multi-channel signal synchronous acquisition module is used to acquire eddy current signals from other eddy current coils after each excitation. An embedded processing unit is used to identify the eddy current signal and obtain the magnitude of the first stress pointing from the excited eddy current coil to each of the other eddy current coils; to perform stress synthesis based on the magnitude and direction of each of the first stresses obtained after each excitation to obtain the magnitude and direction of the second stress; and to determine the magnitude and direction of the principal stress on the monitored area based on the magnitude and direction of each of the second stresses.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, Including memory and processor, among which, Memory, used to store programs; A processor, coupled to the memory, is configured to execute a program stored in the memory to implement the steps in the stress monitoring method for steel structures according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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