Spatial optical circuit switching array based on MEMS tunable metasurface and control method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a spatial optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS adjustable metasurface and a control method thereof, and relates to the technical field of optical communication.The array comprises a transmitting end array and a receiving end array;the transmitting end array and the receiving end array each comprise two layers of transmission metasurface layers arranged in parallel;each transmission metasurface layer comprises a plurality of planarly arranged metasurface units;the transmitting end array modulates the phase of the normally incident light of any input optical port to generate outgoing light with a deflection angle;the receiving end array applies a translation compensation opposite to the transmitting end array to the outgoing light to make the outgoing light recollimate and couple to a target output optical port.The control method realizes non-blocking spatial light path reconstruction of multiple light paths concurrently through master-slave cooperative control within a limited displacement stroke.Under the condition of multiple light paths concurrently, the application realizes non-blocking spatial light path reconstruction and dynamic switching within a limited displacement range, and effectively avoids light path crosstalk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of optical communication technology, and in particular to a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth of data center operations, the data traffic within networks has exploded, highlighting the increasing bottlenecks of traditional electrical switching matrices in terms of bandwidth and power consumption. These matrices are no longer sufficient to meet the high-throughput, low-energy-consumption interconnection requirements of data centers. Optical Circuit Switching (OCS), with its advantages of ultra-high bandwidth, ultra-low power consumption, and transparent transmission, is considered a crucial evolution direction for next-generation data center networks. However, existing space OCS solutions largely rely on mechanical optical path control structures such as Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) mirror arrays. These systems generally suffer from large size, difficulties in optical path collimation, and complex structures, limiting their integration and reliability. They also struggle to adapt to large-scale scalable switching architectures and lack effective optical path collision detection and multi-task scheduling mechanisms in high-volume concurrent switching scenarios. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a novel space optical circuit switching technology that combines compact structure, easy integration, low-loss transmission, and large-scale scalability, and can achieve dynamic optical path configuration through efficient collaborative control methods to support the development of future high-energy-efficiency data centers.

[0003] This section is intended to provide background or context for the embodiments of the invention set forth in the claims. The description herein is not an admission that it is prior art simply because it is included in this section. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems in the prior art, this application provides a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface and its control method, which can solve the problems of insufficient physical integration and structural compactness, optical path loss and collimation coupling difficulties, large-scale concurrent conflicts and reconstruction blockage, and limited port expansion in existing space optical circuit switching systems.

[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides a spatial optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface, comprising: a transmitter array corresponding to multiple input optical ports and a receiver array corresponding to multiple output optical ports; the transmitter array and the receiver array are arranged opposite to each other to form a switching array;

[0006] The transmitting array includes a first transmissive metasurface layer and a second transmissive metasurface layer placed in parallel; the receiving array includes a third transmissive metasurface layer and a fourth transmissive metasurface layer placed in parallel; each transmissive metasurface layer includes multiple planarly arranged metasurface units.

[0007] The transmitter array is used to perform phase modulation on the vertically incident light from any input port through the first transmissive metasurface layer and the second transmissive metasurface layer to generate outgoing light with a deflection angle.

[0008] The receiving array is used to apply translation compensation opposite to that of the transmitting array to the emitted light through the third and fourth transmissive metasurface layers, so that the emitted light is re-collimated into vertical emitted light and coupled to the target output port.

[0009] Furthermore, the first transmissive metasurface layer is fixedly disposed, and the second transmissive metasurface layer moves relative to it in a plane parallel to the first transmissive metasurface layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the fourth transmissive metasurface layer is fixedly disposed, and the third transmissive metasurface layer moves relative to the fourth transmissive metasurface layer in a plane parallel to the fourth transmissive metasurface layer; the translation amount of the third transmissive metasurface layer is determined according to the translation amount of the second transmissive metasurface layer, and the translation directions of the third transmissive metasurface layer and the second transmissive metasurface layer are opposite.

[0011] Furthermore, the deflection angle and the translation of the second transmissive metasurface layer satisfy the generalized Snell's law, and the deflection angle is determined by the gradient of the total phase.

[0012] Furthermore, the shapes or sizes of the multiple metasurface units are not completely identical, and the metasurface units locally modulate the transmission phase of light, with a one-to-one mapping relationship between their shapes or sizes and the phase modulation values.

[0013] Furthermore, the number of optical ports corresponding to the transmitting array and the number of optical ports corresponding to the receiving array are jointly determined by the constraints of the array width, array spacing, maximum deflection angle, center spacing between adjacent channels, and physical aperture of a single channel.

[0014] Furthermore, the array width is limited by the array spacing and the maximum deflection angle, and the center-to-center spacing between adjacent channels is greater than or equal to the physical aperture of a single channel.

[0015] Furthermore, the distance between the transmitting array and the receiving array is a pre-set first distance, and the distance between the first transmissive metasurface layer and the second transmissive metasurface layer and the distance between the third transmissive metasurface layer and the fourth transmissive metasurface layer are pre-set second distances.

[0016] Furthermore, the phase distribution applied to the incident light by the first transmissive metasurface layer causes the interlayer light to form a preset phase distribution before reaching the second transmissive metasurface layer; the second transmissive metasurface layer updates the phase distribution according to its relative displacement to form an output phase distribution corresponding to the deflection angle.

[0017] Furthermore, each of the aforementioned transmissive metasurface layers is driven independently or synchronously by MEMS to perform translation control.

[0018] Another aspect of the present invention provides a control method for a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface, the method comprising:

[0019] Receive multiple optical path connection requests and identify the input optical port and target output optical port corresponding to the optical path connection requests;

[0020] Based on the relative spatial position of the input optical port and the target output optical port, calculate the required translation amount of the second transmissive metasurface layer of the transmitter array of the spatial optical circuit switching array;

[0021] Based on the relative spatial position of the input optical port and the target output optical port, an optical path determination model is established based on the spatial geometric analysis method, and the optical path determination model is used to determine the spatial trajectory interference between different optical path connection requests.

[0022] Based on the aforementioned spatial trajectory interference, and in conjunction with priority scheduling and time-division multiplexing strategies, optical path connection requests that are determined to be non-conflicting are combined into concurrent batches.

[0023] For each concurrent batch, the second transmissive metasurface layer is driven to perform translation according to the translation amount, and the third transmissive metasurface layer of the receiving array of the space optical circuit switching array is synchronously controlled to perform an equal reverse translation.

[0024] Furthermore, the step of using the optical path determination model to determine the spatial trajectory interference between different optical path connection requests includes:

[0025] The evolution of the deflected beam waist within the distance between the transmitting array and the receiving array is analyzed based on the optical path determination model.

[0026] Based on the aforementioned waist-bending evolution law, the center distance between any two optical paths at any axial position is calculated;

[0027] The center distance is compared with a preset crosstalk threshold. If the center distance is less than the crosstalk threshold, it is determined that there is a spatial trajectory conflict between the two optical paths.

[0028] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0029] When the optical path determination model determines that there is a spatial trajectory conflict, the optical path connection requests are sorted according to the obtained service priority tags;

[0030] High-priority optical path connection requests are assigned to the current concurrent batch, and conflicting low-priority optical path connection requests are scheduled to be activated in the next time slice.

[0031] Furthermore, the transmitting array acts as the master control object, and its second transmissive metasurface layer performs translation according to the translation amount; the receiving array acts as the slave control object, and its third transmissive metasurface layer performs synchronization compensation according to the translation state of the second transmissive metasurface layer.

[0032] To achieve the above objectives, according to another aspect of the present invention, a computer device is also provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the control method for the spatial optical circuit switching array based on the MEMS tunable metasurface described above.

[0033] To achieve the above objectives, according to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, on which a computer program / instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the control method for the spatial optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface.

[0034] To achieve the above objectives, according to another aspect of the present invention, a computer program product is also provided, comprising a computer program / instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the control method for the spatial optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface.

[0035] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0036] This invention proposes a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface and its efficient collaborative control method, which combines the advantages of compact structure, low loss, easy collimation, and large-scale scalability. By replacing traditional bulky optical components with planar metasurfaces and combining them with MEMS precision actuation, the system size is significantly reduced, improving the integrability and manufacturability of the device. The proposed optical path system consists of only two layers of transmissive metasurfaces, avoiding the optical insertion loss caused by multiple reflections in existing MEMS mirror schemes, thereby achieving higher optical efficiency. Utilizing the principle of optical path reversibility, both the transmitting and receiving ends maintain vertically collimated beams, significantly simplifying the coupling and packaging process with fiber arrays and overcoming deployment limitations caused by collimation difficulties. Furthermore, this invention possesses efficient concurrent processing and scheduling capabilities by introducing collision detection based on spatial geometry. The test model and priority scheduling algorithm ensure interference-free concurrent operation of multiple channels within a limited displacement travel, greatly improving the throughput efficiency of the switching matrix. Simultaneously, this invention utilizes master-slave collaboration to reduce control complexity, employing a control architecture where the transmitter is master-controlled and the receiver is slave-controlled, achieving low-latency configuration response synchronization and significantly reducing the overall system logic computation overhead. Furthermore, the array architecture proposed in this invention possesses excellent scalability, easily expanding to a large-scale M×N optical switching matrix. Predictable and controllable scaling can be achieved using the quantitative design method of this invention, meeting the future demands of ultra-large-scale data centers for high-energy-efficiency optical switching. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a space optical circuit switching unit based on a MEMS tunable metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working mode of the beam deflection system based on a MEMS tunable metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a first flowchart illustrating the control method for a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a second flowchart illustrating the control method for a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the third process of the control method for a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification, claims and accompanying drawings of this invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such processes, methods, products or devices.

[0047] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0048] This invention provides a space optical circuit switching (OCS) array of tunable cascaded metasurfaces for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which enables reconfigurable optical path connections between multiple input optical ports and multiple output optical ports, and is suitable for large-scale optical switching scenarios with high bandwidth and low power consumption.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the spatial optical circuit switching array based on MEMS tunable metasurface of the present invention includes: a transmitter array corresponding to multiple input optical ports and a receiver array corresponding to multiple output optical ports; the transmitter array and the receiver array are arranged opposite to each other to form a switching array;

[0050] The transmitting array includes a first transmissive metasurface layer and a second transmissive metasurface layer placed in parallel; the receiving array includes a third transmissive metasurface layer and a fourth transmissive metasurface layer placed in parallel; each transmissive metasurface layer includes multiple planarly arranged metasurface units.

[0051] The transmitter array is used to perform phase modulation on the vertically incident light from any input port through the first transmissive metasurface layer and the second transmissive metasurface layer to generate outgoing light with a deflection angle.

[0052] The receiving array is used to apply translation compensation opposite to that of the transmitting array to the emitted light through the third and fourth transmissive metasurface layers, so that the emitted light is re-collimated into vertical emitted light and coupled to the target output port.

[0053] Specifically, the transmitting array includes a first and a second transmissive metasurface layer placed in parallel, and the receiving array includes a third and a fourth transmissive metasurface layer placed in parallel. Each transmissive metasurface layer is composed of multiple planarly arranged metasurface units. Each metasurface unit modulates the transmission phase of the incident light through differences in its geometric size or shape, thereby producing a local phase modulation effect on the wavefront distribution of the beam.

[0054] The transmitter array is used to generate a beam with a deflection angle based on the optical signal from the input port. When the optical signal from any input port is incident perpendicularly onto the transmitter array, the first transmissive metasurface layer modulates the phase of the incident light to form interlayer light. This interlayer light is further modulated by the second transmissive metasurface layer to obtain the deflected outgoing light. By adjusting the phase modulation mode of the transmissive metasurface in the transmitter array, signals from different input ports can generate outgoing beams with corresponding angles, thereby achieving controllable deflection of the beam in the spatial dimension.

[0055] Correspondingly, the receiver array performs phase compensation on the deflected beam from the transmitter array, re-collimating the incident deflected light into a vertically exiting beam and accurately coupling it to the target output port. The deflected light then enters the third transmissive metasurface layer, which applies phase compensation to the beam in the opposite direction to the phase modulation process of the transmitter array, canceling out the original deflection and restoring the beam direction to vertical. Through combined control of spatial position and phase compensation mode, the target output port can accurately receive the optical signal of the corresponding channel, thus completing optical path switching.

[0056] Through the aforementioned structure and optical working mechanism, this invention enables reconfigurable connections between multiple optical ports without the need for mechanical beam reflection paths and complex collimation structures, achieving the combined advantages of miniaturization, low loss, and high scalability in optical switching networks. Furthermore, since both the transmitter and receiver arrays employ planar metasurface structures, this invention is suitable for high-density packaging and large-scale deployment, demonstrating promising application prospects in data center optical interconnect systems.

[0057] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first transmissive metasurface layer is fixedly disposed, and the second transmissive metasurface layer moves relative to it in a plane parallel to the first transmissive metasurface layer.

[0058] Specifically, the two transmissive metasurface layers in the transmitter array perform different phase modulation functions. The first transmissive metasurface layer is fixedly positioned to stably provide the basic phase modulation function, ensuring that the incident light forms the expected interlayer wavefront distribution after the first layer. The second transmissive metasurface layer can move relative to the first transmissive metasurface layer in a plane parallel to it. By changing its position in the plane, it updates the phase modulation amount of the interlayer light, thereby controlling the deflection angle of the final emitted light. Because the first transmissive metasurface layer is fixed, its phase distribution remains constant during the operation of the transmitter array, providing a stable reference phase mode for subsequent dynamic beam deflection.

[0059] The second transmissive metasurface layer moves in an in-plane translation, meaning its direction of movement remains parallel to the plane containing the first transmissive metasurface layer. This in-plane movement causes a global shift in the phase modulation function acting on the light beam, thereby altering the beam's propagation direction in space. Compared to traditional methods of light deflection achieved by changing the reflection angle or mechanically rotating mirrors, this invention achieves wavefront shape control through minute in-plane displacement. This eliminates the need to alter the optical path height, optical path structure, or transmission path during beam deflection, thus reducing optical design complexity and significantly improving the device's mechanical reliability.

[0060] Since the adjustability of deflection control in the transmitter array is provided solely by the second transmissive metasurface layer, the first transmissive metasurface layer does not need to move. Therefore, while maintaining stable optical performance, the number of moving parts is reduced. This structural design not only reduces vibration sensitivity and improves long-term optical stability but also reduces driving inertia, facilitating high-speed optical path reconstruction. Furthermore, the division of labor—with the first transmissive metasurface layer handling the fixed phase function and the second transmissive metasurface layer handling the adjustable phase function—makes the control logic clearer, reducing the computational overhead of the control system and improving the overall switching system's response speed.

[0061] In summary, the fixed first transmissive metasurface layer and the translational second transmissive metasurface layer work together to generate output beams at different angles by maintaining the reference phase and adjusting its offset. This establishes a controllable deflection path for the optical signal at the input optical port, providing the prerequisite for subsequent coupling into the receiver array, and constitutes the core mechanism for optical path direction control in this invention.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fourth transmissive metasurface layer is fixedly disposed, and the third transmissive metasurface layer moves relative to the fourth transmissive metasurface layer in a plane parallel to the fourth transmissive metasurface layer; the translation amount of the third transmissive metasurface layer is determined according to the translation amount of the second transmissive metasurface layer, and the translation directions of the third transmissive metasurface layer and the second transmissive metasurface layer are opposite.

[0063] Specifically, the receiver array and the transmitter array form a complementary structure for optical path modulation, used to perform phase compensation and direction recovery on the deflected light from the transmitter array. The fourth transmissive metasurface layer in the receiver array is fixedly set; the third transmissive metasurface layer can move relative to the fourth transmissive metasurface layer in a plane parallel to it, changing its phase modulation mode through adjustable displacement in the plane, so that the receiver array can generate a corrected phase opposite to the original deflection direction, thereby canceling the deflection effect previously introduced by the transmitter array.

[0064] The translation direction of the third transmissive metasurface layer is opposite to that of the second transmissive metasurface layer in the transmitter array. This means the receiver array executes a translation strategy opposite to that of the transmitter array, creating a one-to-one compensation relationship between the receiver's phase correction function and the transmitter's phase shift function. Through this reverse translation compensation mechanism, after passing through the third and fourth transmissive metasurface layers, the deflected light's wavefront shape is reverted from a deflected state to a vertically collimated state, ultimately coupling to the corresponding output port in a specified optical direction. This compensation process does not require optical path reflection or spatial folding through folding mirrors, rotating mirrors, or lens groups; instead, it achieves direction recovery based on the reversibility of the wavefront itself, resulting in higher optical efficiency and lower insertion loss.

[0065] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the optical circuit switching array includes M input optical ports for transmitters and N output optical ports for receivers. The transmitters and receivers are positioned opposite each other with a distance of L between them, thus forming an optical path switching array. Each transmitter and receiver employs a two-layer transmissive metasurface layer structure, denoted as MS I and MS II, which are placed parallel to each other with a distance of G and are controllably displaced via a MEMS driving device.

[0066] Both MS I and MS II consist of multiple planar arranged metasurface units, which are not entirely identical in shape or size. Since there is a mapping relationship between the geometry or shape of each metasurface unit and its corresponding transmission phase modulation value, the metasurface can achieve local phase modulation in space through the array of metasurface units, which can be used to construct the target wavefront required for beam deflection or compensation.

[0067] The input optical port i (1≤i≤M) corresponds to a MEMS tunable metasurface unit in the transmitter. The perpendicularly incident beam first passes through the transmitter's metasurface MSI, where its phase is modulated to form interlayer light. This interlayer light then continues to pass through the phase-modulated metasurface MSII, where it is further processed to form the output beam. To describe the beam propagation path, a spatial Cartesian coordinate system is established in this embodiment, with the center of the incident metasurface MSI as the origin and the direction perpendicular to the plane of MSI and pointing towards MSII as the positive z-axis. In this coordinate system, the transmitter's metasurface MSI remains stationary, while the metasurface MSII can translate within the xy-plane under MEMS driving. A predetermined mapping relationship exists between its displacement (dx, dy) in the plane and the deflection angle (α, β) of the final output beam, thus achieving the deflection of the input beam towards the target direction. The transmitter therefore converts the perpendicularly incident beam into an output beam with a deflection angle (α, β).

[0068] The deflected beam crosses the distance L between the transmitter and receiver, reaching the metasurface MS II at the receiver. To re-collimate the deflected beam into a vertically exiting beam, the MEMS driver in the receiver synchronously performs a translation (-dx, -dy) on its metasurface MS II in the same reverse direction as the transmitter. Based on the principle of optical path reversibility, when a beam incident at a deflection angle (α, β) passes through a metasurface with an equally reverse displacement, its deflection phase modulation is canceled out. Therefore, the beam is restored to vertical collimation at the receiver MS II. Finally, the collimated beam is efficiently coupled into the output fiber corresponding to output port j (1 ≤ j ≤ N), realizing optical path switching from the input port to the target output port.

[0069] In one embodiment of the present invention, the deflection angle and the translation amount of the second transmissive metasurface layer satisfy the generalized Snell's law, and the deflection angle is determined by the gradient of the total phase.

[0070] Specifically, the translation of the second transmissive metasurface layer in the transmitter array not only alters its own phase modulation mode but also further determines the deflection angle of the final emitted beam. The translation of the second transmissive metasurface layer causes a global shift in the phase function applied to the interlayer light, resulting in a specific spatial gradient distribution on the wavefront of the output beam. This wavefront gradient and the beam deflection angle satisfy the generalized Snell's law, meaning the deflection angle is determined by the spatial gradient of the total phase distribution. Therefore, by controlling the amount of translation of the second transmissive metasurface layer, adjustable control of the deflection angle can be achieved.

[0071] In this invention, the deflection angle control process does not rely on traditional mechanical tilt adjustment or mirror rotation, but is achieved by updating the phase distribution of the beam. This phase engineering method can achieve beam deflection without changing the optical path height, optical path length, or beam propagation direction structure. Therefore, this embodiment has advantages such as simple structure, fast control, and high mechanical stability. Furthermore, since the beam deflection process is entirely based on phase modulation of the transmissive metasurface, it avoids adding additional reflective surfaces or optical devices, thereby effectively reducing optical insertion loss.

[0072] This embodiment establishes a clear mapping relationship between the translation amount of the second transmissive metasurface layer and the deflection angle, enabling continuous or discrete adjustment of beam deflection, suitable for optical path selection requirements between different optical ports. The control system can adjust the translation amount of the second transmissive metasurface layer according to the optical path connection request, thereby quickly generating the deflection angle corresponding to the target output optical port, ensuring that the deflected beam is accurately pointed to the target receiving array in space. This deflection control mechanism enables the present invention to have high-speed reconfigurable optical switching capabilities, providing a fundamental capability for optical path scheduling between multiple input optical ports and multiple output optical ports.

[0073] In summary, this embodiment utilizes the phase distribution change caused by the translation of the second transmissive metasurface layer to achieve deflection angle control, thus transforming optical path modulation from mechanical adjustment to wavefront modulation of the optical field. This not only improves the modulation speed and accuracy but also further enhances the scalability and overall performance of the optical circuit switching array.

[0074] In one embodiment, the metasurface MSI of the transmitting end is constructed by using a planar array of the aforementioned metasurface units to adjust the phase distribution function. Perform discrete sampling. Phase function. The design goal is to ensure that the interlayer light formed after the beam passes through MSI and just before it reaches the metasurface MSI has a phase distribution. This provides a reference phase shape for subsequent deflection control. The metasurface MS II at the transmitter is also constructed using a planar array of metasurface units of varying shapes or sizes to control the phase distribution function. Discrete sampling is performed to further correct the phase and control the deflection of the interlayer light.

[0075] The final output phase of the transmitter Depend on Compared with the translation amount (dx,dy) The superposition of these forms is shown in the following equation:

[0076] (1)

[0077] Therefore, the translation (dx, dy) of the second metasurface MS II determines the spatial gradient of the total output phase. According to the generalized Snell's law, the deflection angle (α, β) of the outgoing beam is determined by the total phase. gradient and This determines the mapping relationship with the translation (dx, dy), and the specific expression is as follows:

[0078] (2)

[0079] (3)

[0080] In the formula, λ0 is the operating wavelength, and m, n, and k are... x k y k xy All are real constants.

[0081] In this embodiment, when the transmitter and receiver pair up to establish an optical path connection, their MEMS driving devices execute opposite translation amounts (dx, dy) and (-dx, -dy), respectively. The transmitter converts the vertically incident beam into an outgoing beam with a deflection angle (α, β) through the aforementioned phase superposition relationship and the translation control of the MS II. The receiver, based on the principle of optical path reversibility, applies an equal reverse displacement (-dx, -dy) to cancel the deflection phase, causing the incident deflected beam to be converted back into a vertically outgoing beam, thereby achieving efficient coupling into the target output optical port and completing the optical path exchange.

[0082] This embodiment realizes a mechanism for beam deflection and compensation by using MEMS-driven transmissive metasurfaces through phase superposition control. This eliminates the need for mechanical rotation, reflective optics, or variable folding optical paths when switching optical paths, thereby improving structural compactness, control speed, and stability.

[0083] In one embodiment, the beam deflection system based on a MEMS tunable metasurface operates as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0084] In one embodiment of the present invention, the shapes or sizes of the plurality of metasurface units are not completely identical, and the metasurface units locally modulate the transmission phase of light, with a one-to-one mapping relationship between their shapes or sizes and the phase modulation values.

[0085] Specifically, each transmissive metasurface layer is composed of multiple planarly arranged metasurface units, which are not identical in material, shape, or size. Different metasurface units produce different responses to the transmission phase of incident light, enabling the transmissive metasurface layer to perform local phase modulation of the light wavefront. There is a one-to-one mapping relationship between the geometric parameters of each metasurface unit and its corresponding phase modulation amount, that is, a metasurface unit with a specific geometric shape or size corresponds to a fixed phase delay value. Thus, the phase modulation capability of the entire transmissive metasurface layer can be precisely designed and engineered through the arrangement of the metasurface unit array.

[0086] The arrangement of metasurface units follows a predetermined spatial layout, enabling the transmissive metasurface layer to possess a continuously controllable phase distribution capability. By selecting metasurface units of different sizes, shapes, or orientations on the metasurface, a preset phase engineering pattern can be constructed in space, realizing optical control functions including focusing, defocusing, wavefront shaping, and wavefront shifting. Compared to traditional methods that rely on macroscopic optical surfaces to achieve phase modulation, this invention employs microscale periodic structures to impart phase response through geometric control, significantly improving the flatness and integration level of optical components.

[0087] In the transmitter array, the arrangement of metasurface units is used to form the required reference phase and adjustable phase offset to generate the deflected beam. In the receiver array, the arrangement of metasurface units is used to form phase compensation and deflection cancellation, restoring the deflected beam to vertical collimated light. Therefore, in this embodiment, the local phase control capability of the metasurface directly determines the accuracy of beam deflection and compensation, ensuring high coupling efficiency and low insertion loss during beam exchange between multiple optical ports.

[0088] In summary, this embodiment establishes a parameter mapping relationship for transmission phase modulation through metasurface units with different geometric features, enabling the transmission metasurface layer to achieve local phase modulation in a highly controllable manner, thus providing a fundamental support for the deflection light generation and deflection light compensation of the optical circuit switching array of this invention.

[0089] In one embodiment of the present invention, the number of optical ports corresponding to the transmitting array and the number of optical ports corresponding to the receiving array are jointly determined by the constraint relationship of array width, array spacing, maximum deflection angle, center spacing between adjacent channels, and physical aperture of a single channel.

[0090] Specifically, the number of input optical ports corresponding to the transmitter array and the number of output optical ports corresponding to the receiver array are not fixed, but rather are determined by predictable structural planning and scale expansion based on the physical parameters of the switching array. The number of configurable optical ports in the array is determined by multiple constraints, including array width, array spacing, maximum deflection angle, center-to-center spacing between adjacent channels, and the physical aperture of a single channel. Among these, array width and array spacing limit the effective beam deflection range that the array can accommodate, while the maximum deflection angle determines whether the deflected light can cross the array space to reach the target output optical port. The center-to-center spacing between adjacent channels and the physical aperture of a single channel together limit the arrangement density of the optical ports in the array, thereby ensuring sufficient optical isolation and coupling accuracy between beams.

[0091] These constraints form the design basis for scalable spatial optical switching arrays, allowing the number of optical ports to be quantitatively designed based on the target scale, rather than relying on a fixed structure. By selecting appropriate array width and spacing, the achievable scanning span between the transmitter and receiver arrays can be adjusted; the coverage area determined by the maximum deflection angle defines the farthest output port position achievable by the beam in space; and the center-to-center spacing between adjacent ports and the physical aperture of the channels determine the density and upper limit of the port arrangement. Under these conditions, the array size can be continuously expanded within a controllable range to form a large-scale M×N optical switching structure.

[0092] Through the aforementioned quantitative constraints, this invention enables the engineered expansion of the number of optical ports, allowing for the configuration of optical port matrices of different sizes based on actual optical network processing capabilities and data center architecture requirements. Users can preset the array size and physical parameters during the planning phase, calculate the achievable number of optical ports based on the maximum deflection angle and port spacing, and design an optical circuit switching system of corresponding scale accordingly. This expansion can be achieved without modifying the core optical path structure, making this invention applicable to various deployment scenarios ranging from medium-sized networks to very large-scale optical interconnect networks.

[0093] In summary, this embodiment establishes a clear quantitative constraint relationship between the optical port size and array width, array spacing, maximum deflection angle, optical port spacing, and channel aperture, enabling the proposed spatial optical circuit switching array to have high scalability. It achieves predictable matching between physical structure and switching capability, providing scalable hardware support for the continued growth of future optical network capacity.

[0094] In one embodiment of the present invention, the array width is limited by the array spacing and the maximum deflection angle, and the center-to-center spacing of adjacent channels is greater than or equal to the physical aperture of a single channel.

[0095] Specifically, the array width is determined by both the array spacing and the maximum deflection angle: when the array spacing is fixed, the larger the deflection angle, the greater the distance the deflected light can traverse laterally in space, and the more optical ports it can cover; conversely, when the array spacing is limited by the system's form factor or packaging conditions, the deflection angle capability directly determines the maximum scalability of the array, thus affecting the final number of optical ports that can be accommodated.

[0096] Meanwhile, the center-to-center spacing between adjacent channels must be greater than or equal to the physical aperture of a single channel to ensure sufficient optical isolation between the optical ports. Since this invention employs free-space propagation and transmissive metasurfaces for beam shaping and deflection, insufficient spacing between beams from different channels may lead to beam interference, energy leakage, or decreased coupling accuracy. Therefore, by ensuring that the center-to-center spacing between adjacent optical ports is not less than the physical aperture of a single channel, it is possible to ensure that the array maintains high coupling efficiency and low insertion loss while scaling up.

[0097] Based on the aforementioned constraints, this invention enables the planning of array size while ensuring signal fidelity and beam independence. Users can preset the channel aperture according to optical path design requirements and adjust the center spacing to achieve array structural expansion. In other words, both the receiver and transmitter arrays can be stably expanded to larger dimensions by controlling the ratio of the optical port spacing to the optical port aperture, without causing a decrease in optical signal quality due to increased density. This mechanism ensures that the spatial optical circuit switching array proposed in this invention maintains optical transmission quality and signal coupling reliability while expanding the number of optical ports.

[0098] In one embodiment, the space optical circuit switching array includes M optical ports for transmitters and N optical ports for receivers. This embodiment focuses on describing the array's expansion mechanism and its quantifiable design methods to achieve predictable and adjustable switching capabilities for system size.

[0099] First, assume that the total width of both the transmitter and receiver arrays is W. array The center-to-center distance between adjacent channels is P. channel The number of channels that the array can support is determined by the following formula:

[0100] (4)

[0101] In other words, the scalability of the array depends on the physical spacing occupied by a single channel and the total optical aperture range that the array can accommodate. array Limited by the array spacing L and the maximum achievable deflection angle α of the system max It satisfies the following relationship:

[0102] (5)

[0103] Therefore, when the array spacing L is fixed, the larger the maximum deflection angle supported by the system, the larger the array width that can be covered, and thus the larger the array size.

[0104] In addition, the center-to-center distance P between adjacent channels channel It must be greater than or equal to the physical aperture D of a single channel. port This ensures optical isolation and coupling accuracy between beams. Single channel aperture D port The maximum aperture r of the transmissive metasurface max The relationship is as follows:

[0105] (6)

[0106] And r max It is also limited by the secondary phase coefficient k in the phase design. x The physical spacing P of the metasurface unit structure and the minimum number of samples M determined by the Nyquist sampling theorem. min The constraint relationship originates from the maximum phase gradient. It must be less than the Nyquist gradient determined by the process and physics:

[0107] (7)

[0108] From this, the channel aperture D can be derived. port Approximate expression:

[0109] (8)

[0110] By combining the above constraints, we can obtain quantitative expressions for the total number of channels M and N that the array can support:

[0111] (9)

[0112] This quantitative expression clearly reveals the direct functional relationship between array scalability (M,N) and key physical parameters of the system, including array spacing L and maximum deflection angle α. max , Metasurface unit cell spacing P, Minimum number of samples M min and the second phase coefficient k x This approach allows the scalability of space optical circuit switching arrays to be precisely determined by physical design parameters, eliminating the need for experience-based adjustments or repeated trial production during engineering implementation. This provides a predictable and quantifiable design basis for large-scale scalable optical switching arrays.

[0113] In summary, this embodiment demonstrates that by establishing a quantitative constraint mechanism between array size (M, N) and key physical parameters, the present invention can achieve the planning of switching array structures from medium-scale to ultra-large-scale while maintaining beam coupling efficiency and optical performance, providing a scalable hardware architecture for future high-density optical networks and data center interconnections.

[0114] In one embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the transmitting array and the receiving array is a first distance that is preset, and the distance between the first transmissive metasurface layer and the second transmissive metasurface layer and the distance between the third transmissive metasurface layer and the fourth transmissive metasurface layer are a second distance that is preset.

[0115] Specifically, the spatial spacing between the transmitting array and the receiving array is designed as a pre-defined first distance to ensure that the deflected light has sufficient lateral range during free space propagation, thereby achieving the optical path correspondence between different input optical ports and the target output optical port. This first distance not only affects the spatial coverage capability of the deflected light but also relates to key performance indicators such as beam size, wavefront quality, and coupling accuracy. Therefore, the first distance is predetermined during the system design phase based on the maximum deflection angle of the array, beam divergence characteristics, and array size, thus ensuring that the deflected light maintains a compensable beam shape when it reaches the receiving array.

[0116] Furthermore, the spacing between the first and second transmissive metasurface layers in the transmitter array, and the spacing between the third and fourth transmissive metasurface layers in the receiver array, are both set to a pre-defined second distance. This second distance ensures that after the interlayer light forms an initial phase distribution through the first transmissive metasurface layer, it maintains the preset optical field characteristics before propagating to the second transmissive metasurface layer, enabling the second transmissive metasurface layer to apply accurate phase modulation to the interlayer light. Similarly, in the receiver array, the third transmissive metasurface layer performs phase compensation, while the fixed fourth transmissive metasurface layer performs the function of collimation restoration. Therefore, the spacing between them also needs to be kept fixed to ensure a stable wavefront connection between the phase compensation and phase restoration effects.

[0117] By employing preset first and second distances for structural planning, this invention avoids reliance on mechanical focusing or variable optical path structures for compensation, thereby improving the overall stability and repeatability of the optical system. Since the distances between the optical surfaces are fixed during manufacturing, they will not significantly decrease due to temperature changes, vibrations, or long-term mechanical wear during operation, thus ensuring the long-term maintenance of optical path control accuracy.

[0118] In one embodiment of the present invention, the phase distribution applied to the incident light by the first transmissive metasurface layer causes the interlayer light to form a preset phase distribution before reaching the second transmissive metasurface layer; the second transmissive metasurface layer updates the phase distribution according to its relative displacement to form an output phase distribution corresponding to the deflection angle.

[0119] Specifically, the first and second transmissive metasurface layers in the transmitter array work together to generate the phase modulation mode of the deflected light. The first transmissive metasurface layer applies a preset phase distribution to the perpendicularly incident light, so that the incident light forms interlayer light with a predetermined wavefront shape after passing through the first transmissive metasurface layer; this wavefront distribution is equivalent to the reference phase for deflection control, providing the basic optical field structure for subsequent phase shift and deflection angle generation.

[0120] Subsequently, the second transmissive metasurface layer updates the phase distribution of the interlayer light based on its relative displacement with respect to the first transmissive metasurface layer, thereby controlling the output direction of the beam. The translation of the second transmissive metasurface layer causes an overall shift in the phase function acting on the interlayer light, resulting in a specific phase gradient on the wavefront of the output beam. This phase gradient is directly related to the beam propagation direction; therefore, while keeping the beam amplitude and optical path structure unchanged, the desired deflection angle can be generated by updating the phase distribution.

[0121] Through the above-described process, this embodiment does not rely on reflective optical elements or mechanical tilting drives, but achieves beam deflection through layered phase modulation. This not only simplifies the optical path structure but also significantly improves stability and response speed. The first transmissive metasurface layer provides a stable reference phase, and the second transmissive metasurface layer provides a dynamic offset phase. The superposition of the two phases forms an adjustable deflection output, thereby ensuring that the deflected light generated by this invention has advantages such as accurate direction, continuously controllable deflection angle, and reliable wavefront quality.

[0122] In one embodiment of the present invention, each of the transmissive metasurface layers is driven independently or synchronously by a MEMS to perform translation control.

[0123] Specifically, each transmissive metasurface layer is translated using MEMS to dynamically adjust its phase modulation mode. MEMS can perform high-speed, precise in-plane micro-displacement of the transmissive metasurface layer, thereby altering the wavefront modulation function without changing the transmission optical path height and optical path structure, thus improving the response speed and control accuracy of beam deflection or compensation. MEMS can independently control one transmissive metasurface layer or simultaneously control the translation of multiple transmissive metasurface layers. Regardless of whether independent or synchronous driving is used, the driving of each transmissive metasurface layer remains within a preset in-plane motion region, thereby avoiding mechanical interference and optical path errors and improving system reliability.

[0124] This application provides a spatial optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface, comprising: a transmitter array corresponding to multiple input optical ports and a receiver array corresponding to multiple output optical ports; the transmitter array and the receiver array are arranged opposite to each other to form a switching array; the transmitter array includes a first transmissive metasurface layer and a second transmissive metasurface layer placed in parallel; the receiver array includes a third transmissive metasurface layer and a fourth transmissive metasurface layer placed in parallel; each transmissive metasurface layer includes multiple planarly arranged metasurface units; the transmitter array is used to perform phase modulation on the vertically incident light from any input optical port through the first transmissive metasurface layer and the second transmissive metasurface layer to generate outgoing light with a deflection angle; the receiver array is used to apply a translation compensation opposite to that of the transmitter array to the outgoing light through the third transmissive metasurface layer and the fourth transmissive metasurface layer, so that the outgoing light is re-collimated as vertical outgoing light and coupled to the target output optical port. The spatial optical circuit switching array based on MEMS tunable metasurface provided in this application realizes non-blocking spatial optical path reconstruction and dynamic switching within a limited displacement range under multi-optical path concurrency conditions, and effectively avoids optical path crosstalk.

[0125] This application also provides a control method for a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface. The following describes the specific implementation process of the control method for a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface provided in the embodiments of this application, taking a server as the execution subject as an example.

[0126] Figure 4 This is a first flowchart illustrating the control method for a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the control method for a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface includes:

[0127] S401: Receive multiple optical path connection requests and identify the input optical port and target output optical port corresponding to the optical path connection requests;

[0128] S402: Based on the relative spatial position of the input optical port and the target output optical port, calculate the required translation amount of the second transmissive metasurface layer of the transmitter array of the spatial optical circuit switching array;

[0129] S403: Based on the relative spatial position of the input optical port and the target output optical port, establish an optical path determination model based on spatial geometric analysis method, and use the optical path determination model to determine the spatial trajectory interference between different optical path connection requests;

[0130] S404: Based on the spatial trajectory interference situation, and in combination with the priority scheduling strategy and the time-division multiplexing strategy, optical path connection requests that are determined to be non-conflicting are combined into concurrent batches;

[0131] S405: For each concurrent batch, the second transmissive metasurface layer is driven by MEMS to perform translation according to the translation amount, and the third transmissive metasurface layer of the receiving array of the spatial optical circuit switching array is synchronously controlled to perform an equal reverse translation.

[0132] from Figure 4 As shown in the flowchart, the control method for a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface provided in this application receives multiple optical path connection requests and identifies the input optical port and target output optical port corresponding to the optical path connection requests; calculates the required translation amount of the second transmissive metasurface layer of the transmitter array of the space optical circuit switching array based on the relative spatial position of the input optical port and the target output optical port; establishes an optical path determination model based on a spatial geometric analysis method based on the relative spatial position of the input optical port and the target output optical port, and utilizes the optical path determination model... The system determines the spatial trajectory interference between different optical path connection requests; based on the spatial trajectory interference, and combined with priority scheduling and time-division multiplexing strategies, optical path connection requests that are determined to be non-conflicting are grouped into concurrent batches; for each concurrent batch, the second transmissive metasurface layer is driven by MEMS to perform translation according to the translation amount, and the third transmissive metasurface layer of the receiving array of the spatial optical circuit switching array is synchronously controlled to perform an equal reverse translation, thereby realizing non-blocking spatial optical path reconstruction and dynamic switching within a limited displacement range under multi-optical path concurrency conditions, and effectively avoiding optical path crosstalk.

[0133] Each step is explained in detail below.

[0134] S401: Receive multiple optical path connection requests and identify the input optical port and target output optical port corresponding to the optical path connection requests;

[0135] Specifically, the server communicates with the space optical circuit switching array. The server receives multiple optical path connection requests. Each optical path connection request includes at least the input optical port identifier and the target output optical port identifier corresponding to the optical path to be established. The server parses the received optical path connection requests, identifies the input optical port and target output optical port corresponding to each optical path connection request, and provides a basis for subsequent optical path parameter calculation and scheduling processing.

[0136] S402: Based on the relative spatial position of the input optical port and the target output optical port, calculate the required translation amount of the second transmissive metasurface layer of the transmitter array of the spatial optical circuit switching array;

[0137] Specifically, the server obtains the relative spatial position parameters between the input optical port and the target output optical port based on their geometric arrangement, including but not limited to information such as relative position coordinates, orientation relationship, or optical axis offset.

[0138] Based on the relative spatial position parameters, the server calculates the translation amount required for the second transmissive metasurface layer in the transmitter array to achieve the optical path connection between the input optical port and the target output optical port. The translation amount is used to generate a corresponding deflection direction for the beam modulated by the transmitter array, pointing it towards the spatial position of the target output optical port.

[0139] S403: Based on the relative spatial position of the input optical port and the target output optical port, establish an optical path determination model based on spatial geometric analysis method, and use the optical path determination model to determine the spatial trajectory interference between different optical path connection requests;

[0140] Specifically, the server further establishes an optical path determination model based on the relative spatial positions of the input optical port and the target output optical port using spatial geometric analysis methods. The optical path determination model is used to characterize the spatial trajectory shape of the light beam during its propagation between the transmitting array and the receiving array.

[0141] The server uses an optical path determination model to analyze the optical paths corresponding to multiple optical path connection requests, and determines whether there is spatial trajectory interference between different optical paths in the propagation space, thereby determining whether there is a conflict relationship between the optical path connection requests.

[0142] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second process of the control method for a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, S403 includes:

[0143] S501: Based on the optical path determination model, analyze the beam waist evolution law of the deflected beam within the distance between the transmitting array and the receiving array;

[0144] Specifically, after establishing the optical path determination model, the server analyzes the beam waist evolution law of the deflected beam during its propagation between the transmitting and receiving arrays, for the deflected beams corresponding to different optical path connection requests. Based on the initial parameters of the beam and the array spacing, the server calculates or predicts the beam waist change along the propagation direction to obtain the spatial expansion state of the beam at different axial positions.

[0145] By analyzing the evolution of the deflection beam waist, the server can characterize the area occupied by the beam in the propagation space, providing basic data for subsequent determination of the spatial relationship between different optical paths.

[0146] S502: Based on the aforementioned waist evolution law, calculate the center distance between any two optical paths at any axial position;

[0147] Specifically, after analyzing the evolution law of the beam waist, the server performs spatial position analysis on the beams corresponding to different optical paths based on the beam waist evolution results.

[0148] The server selects any axial position as the analysis section along the propagation path between the transmitter array and the receiver array, and calculates the center coordinates of the corresponding beams of any two optical paths at that axial position, thus obtaining the center distance between the two optical paths at that axial position. The center distance is used to reflect the relative proximity of different optical paths in the propagation space.

[0149] By performing the center distance calculations at multiple axial positions, the server can comprehensively assess the spatial distribution of different optical paths throughout the entire propagation range.

[0150] S503: Compare the center distance with a preset crosstalk threshold. If the center distance is less than the crosstalk threshold, it is determined that there is a spatial trajectory conflict between the two optical paths.

[0151] Specifically, the server compares the calculated center distance between any two optical paths at their axial positions with a preset crosstalk threshold.

[0152] When the center distance is less than the crosstalk threshold, the server determines that the two corresponding optical paths have spatial trajectory conflicts in the propagation space, indicating that the two optical paths may have optical crosstalk or spatial interference in the propagation range; when the center distance is not less than the crosstalk threshold, the server determines that the two optical paths do not have spatial trajectory conflicts in the propagation space.

[0153] Through the above determination process, the server can effectively evaluate the spatial concurrency of multiple optical path connection requests based on the beam propagation characteristics, providing a reliable basis for subsequent optical path scheduling and control.

[0154] In one embodiment, to avoid potential crosstalk or interference between different beams propagating in free space under large-scale concurrent environments, this application introduces an intelligent path management layer. The server establishes a decision model based on spatial geometry analysis by analyzing the propagation envelope equation of the deflected beam. Let the center coordinates of beam i at the propagation axis position z (0 ≤ z ≤ L) be (x... i (z), y i (z)), whose beam waist radius is ω(z). For any two simultaneously active optical paths i and k, the server calculates their instantaneous center distance d. ik (z):

[0155] (10)

[0156] If within the propagation path 0 ≤ z ≤ L, there exists an arbitrary axial position satisfying d ik If (z) < σω(z) (where σ is a preset crosstalk suppression coefficient used to characterize the maximum allowable beam overlap between two concurrent optical paths, and the preferred value range of σ is 2 ≤ σ ≤ 4), then the server determines that the request pair has a "path conflict". When a conflict is detected, the server throughput is optimized according to the following logic: priority scheduling sorts requests according to the QoS label of the service, high-priority requests are preferentially allocated to the current physical time slot for link construction, and low-priority requests enter the cache queue; batch activation scheduling aggregates non-conflicting requests into "concurrent batches" through a scheduling algorithm, and only the channel corresponding to the current batch is activated at the same time, while conflicting requests are allocated to subsequent discrete time slices for execution.

[0157] Meanwhile, to ensure high synchronization between the transmitter's deflection and the receiver's compensation, the server adopts a distributed master-slave collaborative control architecture. The transmitter, acting as the active controller, is responsible for parsing the exchange demand matrix, calculating the deflection angle of each channel, performing path conflict checks, and generating the final drive instructions. While executing the displacement, the transmitter driver sends real-time control instructions to the receiver via the synchronization bus. The receiver, acting as the slave compensation end, receives instructions from the transmitter in real-time via the bus, and the actuator directly performs an equal-amount reverse displacement (-dx). i , -dy i This cancels out the phase gradient. Because the receiver omits a complex logical decision-making process, the server can achieve nanosecond-level configuration response synchronization.

[0158] S404: Based on the spatial trajectory interference situation, and in combination with the priority scheduling strategy and the time-division multiplexing strategy, optical path connection requests that are determined to be non-conflicting are combined into concurrent batches;

[0159] Specifically, after completing the spatial trajectory interference judgment, the server schedules and processes the optical path connection request based on the spatial trajectory interference situation.

[0160] The server combines preset priority scheduling and time-division multiplexing strategies to group optical path connection requests that are determined to be non-conflicting into concurrent batches. This allows optical path connection requests within the same concurrent batch to be activated simultaneously without spatial trajectory interference, thereby improving the concurrent processing capability of the optical circuit switching array.

[0161] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the third process of the control method for a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 6As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the control method for a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface further includes:

[0162] S601: When the optical path determination model determines that there is a spatial trajectory conflict, the optical path connection requests are sorted according to the obtained service priority tags;

[0163] Specifically, when the server determines, based on the optical path determination model, that there is a spatial trajectory conflict among multiple optical path connection requests, the server obtains the service priority tag corresponding to the optical path connection request. The service priority tag is used to characterize the importance or service level requirement of different optical path connection requests in the current business scenario.

[0164] The server sorts optical path connection requests with spatial trajectory conflicts according to the service priority label, so that the optical path connection requests with higher priority are placed in the priority position in the sorting result, thereby providing a basis for subsequent scheduling and allocation.

[0165] S602: Assign high-priority optical path connection requests to the current concurrent batch, and schedule conflicting low-priority optical path connection requests to be activated in the next time slice.

[0166] Specifically, after prioritizing the optical path connection requests, the server schedules and processes the optical path connection requests according to the prioritization results.

[0167] The server allocates higher-priority optical path connection requests from the sorting results to the current concurrent batch for activation, so as to prioritize the optical path establishment needs of high-priority services. For low-priority optical path connection requests that cannot be activated at the same time as high-priority requests due to spatial trajectory conflicts, the server schedules them to be activated in the next time slice, thereby staggering the activation time of conflicting optical paths in the time dimension.

[0168] Through the above scheduling method, the server can ensure the transmission needs of high-priority services while achieving orderly management of multi-optical path connection requests with spatial conflicts, thereby improving the scheduling flexibility and resource utilization efficiency of the space optical circuit switching array in multi-service scenarios.

[0169] S405: For each concurrent batch, the second transmissive metasurface layer is driven by MEMS to perform translation according to the translation amount, and the third transmissive metasurface layer of the receiving array of the spatial optical circuit switching array is synchronously controlled to perform an equal reverse translation.

[0170] Specifically, for each concurrent batch obtained by the server, the server calculates the translation amount based on the corresponding optical path connection request, and uses MEMS to drive the translation control of the second transmissive metasurface layer in the transmitter array, so that the transmitter array outputs a deflected beam that meets the requirements of the concurrent optical path.

[0171] Simultaneously, the server synchronously controls the third transmissive metasurface layer in the receiver array of the spatial optical circuit switching array to perform an equal reverse translation to compensate for the spatial offset generated by the beam during propagation, so that the beam arriving at the receiver array is re-collimated and correctly coupled to the corresponding target output port.

[0172] In one embodiment of the present invention, the transmitting array acts as the master control object, and its second transmissive metasurface layer performs translation according to the translation amount; the receiving array acts as the slave control object, and its third transmissive metasurface layer performs synchronization compensation according to the translation state of the second transmissive metasurface layer.

[0173] Specifically, the control method employs a master-slave collaborative control approach to adjust the space optical circuit switching array.

[0174] In this system, the transmitting array is designated as the primary control object, and its second transmissive metasurface layer serves as the main beam conditioning layer. It performs position adjustment according to the translation amount calculated by the server to achieve active control over the direction and spatial position of the emitted beam. By controlling the translation of the second transmissive metasurface layer, the basic offset state of the beam in the propagation space can be determined.

[0175] The receiver array is configured as a slave control object, whose third transmissive metasurface layer does not make position decisions independently, but instead performs synchronous compensation control based on the translation state of the second transmissive metasurface layer. Synchronous compensation control is used to cancel or correct the spatial offset generated by the beam during propagation, so that the beam returns to a spatial position and propagation direction matching the target output aperture when it reaches the receiver array.

[0176] By coordinating the control of the transmitter array and receiver array as the master and slave control objects respectively, the control complexity caused by independently adjusting multiple metasurface layers can be avoided, improving the consistency and stability of the overall array adjustment, thereby ensuring the reliability and repeatability of the space optical circuit switching process.

[0177] In one embodiment, based on the aforementioned unit deflection principle, this application further realizes the ability for simultaneous operation of multiple inputs in an M×N array. Since each channel i (1≤i≤M×N) in the array is equipped with an independent MEMS actuator, its corresponding translation control variable (dx) i dy iPhysically, they are decoupled from each other. The control system supports the activation of multiple sets of actuators in the same time slot. Based on the real-time switching demand matrix, the main control unit issues parallel drive commands to enable each channel to synchronously execute its own wavefront modulation, thereby achieving non-blocking or partially blocked spatial optical path reconstruction.

[0178] This application provides a control method for a space optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface. The method receives multiple optical path connection requests and identifies the corresponding input and target output optical ports. Based on the relative spatial positions of the input and target output optical ports, it calculates the required translation amount of the second transmissive metasurface layer of the transmitter array of the space optical circuit switching array. Based on the relative spatial positions of the input and target output optical ports, it establishes an optical path determination model using spatial geometry analysis and uses this model to determine the spatial trajectory interference between different optical path connection requests. Based on the spatial trajectory interference, and combined with a priority scheduling strategy and a time-division multiplexing strategy, the optical path connection requests determined to be non-conflicting are grouped into concurrent batches. For each concurrent batch, the second transmissive metasurface layer is driven by MEMS to perform translation based on the translation amount, and the third transmissive metasurface layer of the receiver array of the space optical circuit switching array is simultaneously controlled to perform an equal-amount reverse translation. This achieves non-blocking spatial optical path reconstruction and dynamic switching within a limited displacement range under multi-optical path concurrency conditions, and effectively avoids optical path crosstalk.

[0179] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the computer device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 701, a communication interface 702, a memory 703, and a communication bus 704. The processor 701, communication interface 702, and memory 703 communicate with each other via the communication bus 704. The processor 701 can call logical instructions in the memory 703 to execute the following method: upon receiving a user's query request, the processor decomposes the query request into elements based on a large model and a pre-built dimensional indicator vector library to obtain the dimensional indicator information corresponding to the query request; based on the dimensional indicator information corresponding to the query request and the obtained indicator library, the processor performs indicator matching to determine the native indicator corresponding to the query request; based on the native indicator corresponding to the query request, the processor calls a data query interface to obtain the corresponding data results and returns the query results to the user.

[0180] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 703 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a top-drive control center server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0181] This embodiment discloses a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a computer-readable storage medium. The computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by the computer, the computer can execute the methods provided in the above-described method embodiments, such as: upon receiving a user's query request, decomposing the query request into elements based on a large model and a pre-built dimensional indicator vector library to obtain the dimensional indicator information corresponding to the query request; performing indicator matching based on the dimensional indicator information corresponding to the query request and the obtained indicator library to determine the native indicator corresponding to the query request; and calling a data query interface based on the native indicator corresponding to the query request to obtain the corresponding data results and returning the query results to the user.

[0182] This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that causes the computer to execute the methods provided in the above-described method embodiments. For example, upon receiving a user's query request, the computer decomposes the query request into elements based on a large model and a pre-built dimensional indicator vector library to obtain dimensional indicator information corresponding to the query request; it performs indicator matching based on the dimensional indicator information corresponding to the query request and the obtained indicator library to determine the native indicator corresponding to the query request; and based on the native indicator corresponding to the query request, it calls a data query interface to obtain the corresponding data results and returns the query results to the user.

[0183] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0184] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, produce a machine for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0185] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0186] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0187] In the description of this specification, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0188] The terms "an embodiment," "a specific embodiment," "some embodiments," "for example," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. The order of steps involved in the various embodiments is used to illustrate the implementation of this application, and the order of steps is not limited and may be adjusted appropriately as needed.

[0189] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0190] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this application. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A spatial optical circuit switching array based on MEMS tunable metasurface, characterized in that, Comprising: a transmitting end array corresponding to a plurality of input optical ports and a receiving end array corresponding to a plurality of output optical ports; the transmitting end array and the receiving end array are oppositely arranged to form a switching array; the transmitting end array comprises a first transmissive metasurface layer and a second transmissive metasurface layer arranged in parallel; the receiving end array comprises a third transmissive metasurface layer and a fourth transmissive metasurface layer arranged in parallel; each of the transmissive metasurface layers comprises a plurality of planar arranged metasurface units; the transmitting end array is used to modulate the phase of the normally incident light of any input optical port through the first transmissive metasurface layer and the second transmissive metasurface layer, to generate an exit light with a deflection angle; the receiving end array is used to apply a translation compensation opposite to the transmitting end array to the exit light through the third transmissive metasurface layer and the fourth transmissive metasurface layer, so that the exit light is recollimated as normally incident light and coupled to a target output optical port.

2. The MEMS-based tunable metasurface-based space optical circuit switching array of claim 1, wherein, The first transmissive metasurface layer is fixedly arranged, and the second transmissive metasurface layer moves oppositely in a plane parallel to the first transmissive metasurface layer.

3. The MEMS-based tunable metasurface-based space optical circuit switching array of claim 2, wherein, The fourth transmissive metasurface layer is fixedly arranged, and the third transmissive metasurface layer moves oppositely in a plane parallel to the fourth transmissive metasurface layer; the translation amount of the third transmissive metasurface layer is determined according to the translation amount of the second transmissive metasurface layer, and the translation direction of the third transmissive metasurface layer is opposite to that of the second transmissive metasurface layer.

4. The MEMS-based tunable metasurface-based space optical circuit switching array of claim 2, wherein, The deflection angle and the translation amount of the second transmissive metasurface layer satisfy the generalized Snell's law, and the deflection angle is determined by the gradient of the total phase.

5. The MEMS-based tunable metasurface-based space optical circuit switching array of claim 1, wherein, The shapes or sizes of the plurality of metasurface units are not completely the same, the metasurface units locally modulate the transmission phase of light, and there is a one-to-one mapping relationship between the shapes or sizes and the phase modulation values.

6. The MEMS-based tunable metasurface-based space optical circuit switching array of claim 1, wherein, The number of optical ports corresponding to the transmitting end array and the number of optical ports corresponding to the receiving end array are determined by the constraint relationship of array width, array spacing, maximum deflection angle, center distance between adjacent channels, and physical aperture of a single channel.

7. The MEMS-based tunable metasurface-based space optical circuit switching array of claim 6, wherein, The array width is limited by the array spacing and the maximum deflection angle, and the center distance between adjacent channels is greater than or equal to the physical aperture of a single channel.

8. The MEMS-based tunable metasurface-based space optical circuit switching array of claim 1, wherein, The distance between the transmitting end array and the receiving end array is a first distance, and the distance between the first transmissive metasurface layer and the second transmissive metasurface layer and the distance between the third transmissive metasurface layer and the fourth transmissive metasurface layer are a second distance.

9. The MEMS-based tunable metasurface-based space optical circuit switching array of claim 1, wherein, The phase distribution applied by the first transmissive metasurface layer to the incident light causes the interlayer light to form a preset phase distribution before reaching the second transmissive metasurface layer; the second transmissive metasurface layer updates the phase distribution according to its relative displacement to form an output phase distribution corresponding to the deflection angle.

10. The MEMS-based tunable metasurface-based space optical circuit switching array of claim 1, wherein, Each of the transmissive metasurface layers is independently or synchronously driven by MEMS to perform translation control.

11. A control method of a spatial optical circuit switching array based on MEMS tunable metasurface, characterized in that, Comprising: receiving a plurality of optical path connection requests and identifying the input optical port and the target output optical port corresponding to the optical path connection request; According to the relative spatial positions of the input optical port and the target output optical port, a translation amount required by a second transmissive metasurface layer of a transmitting end array of the spatial optical circuit switching array is calculated; According to the relative spatial positions of the input optical port and the target output optical port, an optical path judgment model is established based on a spatial geometry analysis method, and the spatial trajectory interference between different optical path connection requests is judged by using the optical path judgment model; Based on the spatial trajectory interference, combined with a priority scheduling strategy and a time division multiplexing strategy, optical path connection requests judged as not conflicting are combined into concurrent batches; For each group of concurrent batches, the second transmissive metasurface layer is driven to perform translation by MEMS according to the translation amount, and a third transmissive metasurface layer of a receiving end array of the spatial optical circuit switching array is synchronously controlled to perform an equal amount of reverse translation.

12. The control method of a spatial optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface according to claim 11, characterized in that, The judgment of the spatial trajectory interference between different optical path connection requests by using the optical path judgment model includes: Based on the optical path judgment model, the beam waist evolution law of the deflected light beam within the distance between the transmitting end array and the receiving end array is analyzed; Based on the beam waist evolution law, the center distance of any two optical paths at any axial position is calculated; The center distance is compared with a preset crosstalk threshold value, and if the center distance is less than the crosstalk threshold value, it is determined that there is spatial trajectory conflict between the two optical paths.

13. The control method of a spatial optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface according to claim 11, wherein, Further comprising: When the optical path judgment model determines that there is spatial trajectory conflict, the optical path connection requests are sorted according to the obtained service priority labels; The high-priority optical path connection request is assigned to the current concurrent batch, and the low-priority optical path connection request that conflicts is scheduled to be activated in the next time slice.

14. The control method of a spatial optical circuit switching array based on a MEMS tunable metasurface according to claim 11, wherein, The transmitting end array is the main control object, and its second transmissive metasurface layer performs translation according to the translation amount; the receiving end array is the slave control object, and its third transmissive metasurface layer performs synchronous compensation according to the translation state of the second transmissive metasurface layer.

15. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to realize the steps of the method of any one of claims 11 to 14.

16. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer programs / instructions, characterized in that, The computer program / instruction is executed by the processor to realize the steps of the method of any one of claims 11 to 14.

17. A computer program product comprising computer programs / instructions, characterized in that, The computer program / instruction is executed by the processor to realize the steps of the method of any one of claims 11 to 14.

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