Pneumatic fish killing device and method for fish primary processing

Abstract

The invention discloses a pneumatic fish killing device and method for fish primary processing, and the device comprises a rack, a fish inlet channel obliquely arranged on the rack, a fish supporting plate, and a fish killing mechanism located below the fish supporting plate; the fish inlet channel comprises an elastic right limiting plate, an elastic left limiting plate and a cover plate, the distance between the limiting plates on the two sides is adjustable, the cover plate is arranged at the upper end of the distance, a fish supporting plate is arranged at the lower end of the distance, and a parallel restraining channel for fish body postures is formed. V-shaped fish head limiting parts are arranged on limiting plates on the two sides of the low-position end of the fish inlet channel; a through hole is formed in the fish supporting plate, and a bloodletting knife of the fish killing mechanism can penetrate through the through hole to penetrate into fish gills. According to the method, automatic induction and execution are achieved through an automatic control program, the efficient fish killing capacity is achieved, and manual fish killing and bloodletting can be completely replaced. The machining efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fish primary processing machinery technology, and in particular to a pneumatic fish-killing device and method for fish primary processing. Background Technology

[0002] The pre-processing of fish includes grading, bleeding, descaling, head removal, gutting, skinning, and slicing. Bleeding is a crucial step in pre-processing, preserving the color of the fish meat, reducing its fishy smell, improving its quality, and facilitating subsequent storage and processing. The fish's arteries originate from the ventral aorta in front of the heart, extending forward to below the gill arch, where several pairs of afferent gill arteries enter the gill arch and disperse into capillaries, entering the gill filaments and gill lamellae for gas exchange. Arterial blood from the gills collects from the gill arteries and ascends via the superior gill artery to the dorsal aorta. Therefore, the gills are a concentrated area of ​​blood vessels with numerous arteries, making bleeding at the gills a highly effective method. Taking snakehead (Channa argus) slices, a common ingredient in dishes like pickled fish and boiled fish, as an example, bleeding is the first step in snakehead slice production. Currently, the domestic processing volume of finished snakehead slices is approximately 500,000 tons, primarily relying on manual bleeding; there is a huge market demand for mechanized bleeding.

[0003] Currently, domestic research on fish processing mainly focuses on steps such as orientation, descaling, deheading, evisceration, and skinning, with very few reports on fish bleeding technology and equipment. In China, the bleeding process relies entirely on manual labor using hand-held knives, and the methods for killing and bleeding fish depend on worker experience, lacking standardized procedures. This processing method is inefficient, labor-intensive, and inherently dangerous.

[0004] How to provide an efficient pneumatic fish-killing device and method for the initial processing of fish is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a pneumatic fish-killing device and method for the initial processing of fish, which improves processing efficiency and reduces labor intensity.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a pneumatic fish-killing device for the initial processing of fish, which includes a frame, a fish inlet channel placed obliquely on the frame, a fish support plate, and a fish-killing mechanism located below the fish support plate. The fish inlet channel includes a flexible right side limiting plate and a left side limiting plate, as well as a cover plate. The distance between the two side limiting plates is adjustable. A cover plate is installed at the upper end of the distance, and a fish-supporting plate is installed at the lower end of the distance, forming a parallel constraint channel for the fish's posture. V-shaped fish head limiting parts are provided on the two side limiting plates at the lower end of the fish inlet channel. The fish-carrying board has through holes, allowing the bleeding knife of the fish-killing mechanism to pass through the through holes and pierce the fish's gills.

[0007] Secondly, the present invention provides a pneumatic fish-killing method, which includes the following steps: The controller collects different piezoelectric signals output by the pressure sensor on the triggering mechanism based on the weight of the fish. Different piezoelectric signals are associated with different bloodletting knife feed depths. Several telescopic rod sensing elements are arranged on the fish-killing cylinder along the direction of movement of the telescopic rod to control the extension length of the telescopic rod. Based on the piezoelectric signal triggered by the fish during operation, the corresponding bleeding knife feed depth is matched, the telescopic rod of the corresponding fish-killing cylinder extends to the position of the corresponding telescopic rod sensing element and then retracts, and the bleeding knife installed on the end face of the fish-killing cylinder telescopic rod penetrates the fish gills to the matched depth.

[0008] Beneficial effects 1) The fish of this invention adopts an automatic feeding posture with its abdomen facing down and its head facing forward, which is consistent with the posture of fish swimming in water. As the fish slides into the fish inlet channel, it is more conducive to maintaining the posture and sliding in, thus improving the feeding effect.

[0009] 2) The present invention ensures the reciprocating killing action of the bleeding knife by opening a rectangular hole under the fish support plate.

[0010] 3) The device of the present invention has a simple and reliable structure. The elastic right and left limiting plates can adapt to the thickness of fish of the same weight and batch that fluctuates around the standard value. The distance between the right and left limiting plates is adjustable to adapt to the thickness of fish of different weights and specifications, thereby meeting the bleeding needs of fish of different specifications and sizes. At the same time, it has the channel expandability, which improves work efficiency and adaptability.

[0011] 4) This invention uses a cylinder-driven fish-killing method, which achieves automatic sensing and execution through an automatic control program, and has the ability to kill fish efficiently, completely replacing manual fish killing and bleeding. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of a pneumatic fish-killing device for preliminary processing of fish provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a pneumatic fish-killing device for the initial processing of fish provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of a pneumatic fish-killing device for preliminary processing of fish, provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view of the feeding mechanism provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the fish inlet channel provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the constraint state of a fish with a relatively large thickness in the elastic fish inlet channel provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the constraint state of a fish with a relatively small thickness in the elastic fish inlet channel provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the triggering mechanism provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the triggering mechanism provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the fish-killing mechanism provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the fish-laying mechanism provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic control system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the fish-killing process of a pneumatic fish-killing device for the initial processing of fish, provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fish-killing cylinder and the magnetic switch thereon provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0014] See Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pneumatic fish-killing device for preliminary processing of fish, provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The device includes a frame 10, and an electrical control box 20, a feeding mechanism 30, a fish-inlet channel 40, a triggering mechanism 50, a fish-killing mechanism 60, a fish-exiting mechanism 70, a pneumatic system 80, and an electrical control system 90, all mounted on the frame 10. The fish-inlet channel 40 is obliquely positioned on the frame 10. The higher end of the fish-inlet channel 40 is connected to the feeding mechanism 30, and the lower end is connected to the triggering mechanism 50. The feeding mechanism 30 has a vertically movable fish-supporting plate 33. The fish-supporting plate 33, together with the fish-inlet channel 40 and the triggering mechanism 50, confines the fish's posture to prepare for fish killing. The fish-killing mechanism 60 is located below the fish-supporting plate 33 at the lower end of the fish-inlet channel 40. A rectangular hole 331 is provided on the fish-supporting plate, allowing the bleeding knife 63 of the fish-killing mechanism to be inserted into the gills of the fish inlet channel 40 from the outside through the rectangular hole. The killed fish is discharged by opening the fish-supporting plate.

[0015] The pneumatic system includes a fish-killing cylinder 61 and a fish-exiting cylinder 71. The fish-killing cylinder 61 drives the bleeding knife 63 of the fish-killing mechanism, and the fish-exiting cylinder 71 drives the opening and closing of the fish-supporting plate 33 to expel the fish. The electronic control system precisely controls the driving action of the pneumatic system.

[0016] The feeding mechanism 30 includes a feeding hopper 31, a support plate 32, and a fish-carrying plate 33 connected in sequence. The support plate is installed on the frame, and the support plate 32 and the fish-carrying plate 33 are connected by a hinge 34. A hanging ear 35 is provided below the fish-carrying plate 33 near the lower end for connecting to the fish-discharging cylinder 71. Pushing the fish-carrying plate 33 can make it flip up and down around the hinge, so that the fish-carrying plate is closed to form a limited position for killing the fish, and the fish-carrying plate is opened to discharge the killed fish.

[0017] The feed hopper 31 adopts a V-shaped structure that is wider at the front and narrower at the back, which is conducive to the individual separation process of live fish before they enter the fish tray, ensuring that only one fish slides in at a time.

[0018] See Figure 1-3 as well as Figure 6 The fish inlet channel 40 includes a right limiting plate 41, a left limiting plate 42, and a cover plate 43. A cover plate 43 is installed at the upper end between the two limiting plates 41 and 42, and a fish-supporting plate 33 is installed at the lower end between them, forming a parallel constraint channel. Two inwardly folding plates or two arc-shaped plates are provided on the end faces of the limiting plates at the lower ends of the two limiting plates 41 and 42, forming a V-shaped fish head limiting part 44. Two folding plates extending outward to the left and right sides are provided on the end faces of the limiting plates at the higher ends of the two limiting plates, forming a V-shaped entrance 45. From top to bottom, the sequence is: V-shaped entrance, parallel constraint channel, and V-shaped fish head limiting part. The two folding plates or two arc-shaped plates of the V-shaped fish head limiting part have a gap between them, and the upper end is uncovered, allowing the fish mouth and the upper part of the fish head to contact the trigger mechanism 50.

[0019] The right-side limiting plate 41 and the left-side limiting plate 42 are L-shaped sheet metal structures made of 304 stainless steel plates with a thickness not exceeding 0.5mm. Due to their thinness and the fixed upper end of the L-shape, the L-shaped sides of the limiting plates have a certain degree of elasticity. Large-scale fish slaughtering and bleeding is generally carried out in batches after being graded according to weight specifications. The thickness difference between fish of the same batch is generally small, fluctuating around the standard value. Therefore, after adjusting the standard distance between the two limiting plates, the fish inlet channel can achieve elastic clamping. See also... Figure 7As shown, this design allows the spacing between the two limiting plates to be automatically adjustable. The wider fish body 400 can widen the spacing during the descent. The limiting plates apply pressure F1 and F2 to the fish body 400, providing support and constraint to the two sides of the fish body. At the same time, the surface of the fish body is wet and smooth, with a low coefficient of sliding friction with the surface of the limiting plates. The relatively weak clamping force applied by the limiting plates will not affect the descent of the fish in the channel. Therefore, the limiting plates are adaptive within a certain range of fish body specifications. Since this fish-killing device is designed for spindle-shaped fish such as snakehead, grass carp, bass, and tilapia, and considering the physical characteristic that the width-to-thickness ratio of fish is generally much greater than 1 (width is the maximum distance from the back to the belly of the fish, and thickness is the maximum distance between the two sides of the fish), preferably, the width of the limiting plates 41 and 42 on both sides of the fish inlet channel 40 is 0.9 to 1.1 times the standard thickness of the fish, and the height between the cover plate 43 and the fish-supporting plate 33 is 1.2 times the standard width of the fish; the fish, with its back facing upwards and head facing forward, will not deflect under the support force within the fixed-spaced channel. See [reference needed]. Figure 8 As shown, this facilitates the insertion of the bleeding knife 63 into the fish gills.

[0020] Mounting holes 410 are provided on the outward-folded edges of the upper ends of the side limiting plates 41 and 42. Two crossbeams 11 are provided on the frame, one located above the high end near the fish inlet channel 40 and the other located above the low end near the fish inlet channel 40. Long guide holes 110 extending in the left and right direction are provided on the crossbeams 11. Bolts are passed through the long guide holes 110 and the mounting holes 410 on the outward-folded edges of the side limiting plates 41 and 42 and connected to nuts for fastening. The long guide holes 110 can adjust the distance between the side limiting plates 41 and 42 to adapt to different sizes of fish body thickness. The thickness is the maximum distance between the two sides of the fish.

[0021] The two folded edges of the cover plate 43 are interlocked with each other, and a through hole 430 is provided on the bottom plate 431 between the two folded edges, corresponding to the through hole 1110 on the crossbeam. Bolts pass through the two through holes and are fastened to nuts, thereby fixing the cover plate 43.

[0022] See Figure 9-10The triggering mechanism 50 includes a spring 51, a trigger plate 52, a trigger adjusting plate 53, a rotating plate 54, and a large bolt 55. The upper end of the rotating plate 54 has a through hole through which the large bolt 55 passes and is fixed to the frame 10, allowing the rotating plate 54 to rotate around the large bolt 55. The lower end of the rotating plate 54 is connected to one end of the spring 51, and the other end of the spring 51 is connected to a crossbeam 11 near the lower end of the fish inlet channel 40. The rotating plate 54 with the spring mounted on it, several trigger adjusting plates 53, and a trigger mounting plate 521 are sequentially placed on the opposite side, with bolts passing through and fixed with nuts. The trigger mounting plate 521 is fixedly mounted on the plate surface facing the spring 51. The trigger plate 52 is made of metal, and a strain gauge of the pressure sensor 93 is attached to it. When a fish enters the fish inlet channel, its mouth protrudes from between the two folded plates or two arc-shaped plates of the V-shaped fish head limiting part, contacting the trigger plate 52. The fish head protruding above the two folded plates or two arc-shaped plates contacts the bent part 521 of the trigger plate 52, causing the trigger plate 52 to deform. This deformation, in turn, causes the strain gauge to deform, resulting in a change in the resistance within the strain gauge. This generates a trigger electrical signal, which is output to the programmable logic controller (PLC) to drive the fish-killing cylinder. The pressure sensor 93 is a piezoresistive pressure transmitter, model MPM489, brand: Mike.

[0023] The number of trigger adjustment plates 53 can be adjusted to change the distance between the trigger plate 52 and the bleeding knife, in order to meet the needs of different bleeding positions for different batches of fish. A spring is used to reset the trigger mechanism after the fish is expelled.

[0024] See Figure 11 and Figure 1-2 The fish-killing mechanism 60 includes a fish-killing cylinder 61 mounted on the frame 10, a blade holder 62 connected to the piston rod of the fish-killing cylinder, a bleeding blade 63 connected to the blade holder, and a guide mechanism connected to the blade holder. The guide mechanism includes a guide bolt 641, a guide bearing 642 sleeved on the guide bolt 641, and a spacer 643 sleeved on the guide bolt 641. The end of the guide bolt 641 is fixed to the blade holder 62. The spacer 643 is located between the blade holder 62 and the guide bearing 642. The guide bearing can rotate around the guide bolt and is located to the side of the blade holder. The guide bearing 642 slides up and down within a guide groove 65 mounted on the frame 10 as the fish-killing cylinder telescopic rod 611 extends and retracts, preventing the bleeding blade from deflecting and achieving a guiding function.

[0025] The Bleeding Knife 63 features a symmetrical structure both front-to-back and left-to-right, with an overall V-shaped design. It combines a main blade at the tip with secondary blades on both sides. The main blade facilitates piercing the fish's throat, while the secondary blades reduce resistance when inserting the bleeding knife into the fish's body.

[0026] See Figure 12The fish-discharging mechanism 70 includes a fish-discharging cylinder 71 and a joint bearing 72. The joint bearing 72 is fixed to the top of the fish-discharging cylinder, and is also hinged to the hanging lug 35 at the bottom of the fish-supporting plate 33. The fish-discharging mechanism realizes the fish-discharging and retraction actions by extending and retracting the fish-supporting plate 33 through the extension and retraction of the fish-discharging cylinder.

[0027] See Figure 13 The pneumatic system 80 includes an air compressor 81, air pipes, a pressure regulating filter 82, a solenoid valve 83 for the fish-killing cylinder, a solenoid valve 84 for the fish-exhausting cylinder, speed regulating valves 831, 832, 841, 842, a fish-killing cylinder 61, and a fish-exhausting cylinder 71. The air compressor generates high-pressure gas, which is then output at a stable pressure through the air pipe and the pressure regulating filter. This gas is supplied to the two solenoid valves 83 and 84 respectively. The speed regulating valves can adjust the extension and retraction speeds of the fish-killing cylinder and the fish-exhausting cylinder respectively. The high-pressure gas flows in and out of the fish-killing cylinder and the fish-exhausting cylinder in opposite directions, driving the two cylinders to perform corresponding actions. The two parallel speed control valves 831 and 832 connected to the fish-killing cylinder 61 are used to adjust the exhaust speed when the piston rod of the fish-killing cylinder extends and to adjust the exhaust speed when the piston rod of the fish-killing cylinder retracts. Similarly, the two parallel speed control valves 841 and 842 connected to the fish-exhausting cylinder 71 are used to adjust the exhaust speed when the piston rod of the fish-exhausting cylinder extends and to adjust the exhaust speed when the piston rod of the fish-exhausting cylinder retracts.

[0028] See Figure 14 The electronic control system 90 includes an emergency stop button 91, a manual trigger button 92, a pressure sensor 93, a magnetic switch for the fish-killing cylinder 94, a magnetic switch for the fish-draining cylinder 95, a programmable logic controller (PLC) 96, a solenoid valve for the fish-killing cylinder 83, and a solenoid valve for the fish-draining cylinder 84. The outputs of the emergency stop button, manual trigger button, pressure sensor, magnetic switch for the fish-killing cylinder, and magnetic switch for the fish-draining cylinder are respectively connected to the inputs of the PLC. The outputs of the PLC are respectively connected to the solenoid valves for the fish-killing cylinder and the fish-draining cylinder. The solenoid valves for the fish-killing cylinder control the on / off state of the air path of the fish-killing cylinder, and the solenoid valves for the fish-draining cylinder control the on / off state of the air path of the fish-draining cylinder.

[0029] When working, see Figure 15After the device is powered on, the system enters an initialization state. First, it checks for an emergency stop. If the emergency stop button is pressed, the system enters a waiting state. When the emergency stop is released, it checks the status of the pressure sensor and the manual trigger button. At this time, the fish-killing cylinder is in the retracted state, and the fish-exiting cylinder is in the extended state. Live fish are manually guided from the feed hopper into the fish-feeding channel with their heads facing forward and bellies down. The fish slides down the fish-supporting plate. When the fish's head contacts the trigger plate at a certain speed, it pushes the trigger plate to rotate, causing the trigger plate to deform and the pressure sensor to output an electrical signal. When the pressure sensor outputs a signal, the fish-killing solenoid valve is energized, driving the fish-killing cylinder to extend rapidly. The bleeding knife pierces the fish's throat, severing the carotid artery, and then quickly retracts. After the fish-killing cylinder retracts, the PLC energizes the fish-exiting cylinder solenoid valve, driving the fish-exiting cylinder to retract, causing the fish-supporting plate to rotate downwards. The killed fish slides out along the fish-supporting plate. After the fish-exiting cylinder retracts to its end, it waits 0.5 seconds before extending to reset, driving the fish-supporting plate to close, completing the fish-killing and bleeding cycle. Pressing the manual trigger button can also trigger the system to execute one fish-killing and bleeding cycle. This is the manual operation mode, serving as a secondary backup in addition to the automatic mode.

[0030] Furthermore, the emergency stop button, manual trigger button, PLC, solenoid valves for the fish-killing cylinder and the fish-exhausting cylinder are all located in the electrical control box. The pressure sensor is mounted at the front of the frame, close to the triggering mechanism, and obtains a piezoelectric signal through the action of the triggering mechanism. See also... Figure 16 Along the axial direction of the telescopic rod 611, three magnetic switches 94 (941, 942, and 943) are installed on the cylinder body of the fish-killing cylinder, arranged in parallel at high, medium, and low positions on the top of the cylinder body. These switches are sensing elements for the extension distance of the telescopic rod. A solenoid valve for the fish-killing cylinder is installed at the bottom of the cylinder body. A solenoid valve for the fish-discharging cylinder is installed at the bottom of the cylinder body. The PLC collects electrical signals from the emergency stop button, manual trigger button, pressure sensor, magnetic switches of the fish-killing cylinder, and magnetic switches of the fish-discharging cylinder, and controls the on / off state of the solenoid valves of the fish-killing and fish-discharging cylinders according to the control program. The piston of the fish-killing cylinder is equipped with a magnetic ring containing a permanent magnet. When the piston moves to any of the three magnetic switches 941, 942, and 943 (high, medium, and low positions), the corresponding magnetic switch closes, generating an electrical signal. The PLC collects this signal to control the on / off state of the solenoid valve of the fish-killing cylinder, thereby controlling the retraction of the piston rod at the corresponding position and controlling the extension length of the telescopic rod. The magnetic switch 95 of the fish-discharging cylinder is similarly configured to the magnetic switch 94 of the fish-killing cylinder; several magnetic switches control the degree to which the fish-supporting plate 33 rotates and opens.

[0031] Embodiment 2 of the present invention also provides a pneumatic fish-killing device for preliminary processing of fish. This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, but differs from Embodiment 1 in that: multiple sets of fish-inlet channels are arranged side by side on the frame, and multiple channels share one feeding hopper. The V-shaped inlet folding plates of adjacent fish-inlet channels abut or are welded to each other to form a W structure, facilitating entry into their respective fish-inlet channels; multiple hinges are arranged side by side on the support plate of the feeding mechanism and are rotatably connected to the corresponding fish-supporting plate. The shape of the feeding hopper and support plate of the feeding mechanism is adapted to be larger. According to the needs of fish-killing efficiency, multi-channel parallel and efficient fish-killing can be realized.

[0032] Embodiment 3 of the present invention also provides a pneumatic fish-killing method. This method uses the device described in Embodiment 1 as the implementation environment and includes the following steps: S1: The controller collects different piezoelectric signals output by the pressure sensor on the triggering mechanism according to the weight of the fish. Different piezoelectric signals are associated with different bloodletting knife feed depths.

[0033] In this step, the correlation information between different piezoelectric signals and different bloodletting knife feed depths is stored in the memory or on an accessible storage medium connected to the PLC.

[0034] S2: Several telescopic rod sensing elements are arranged on the fish-killing cylinder along the direction of movement of the telescopic rod to control the extension length of the telescopic rod.

[0035] In this step, preferably, three telescopic rod sensing elements are set, namely the magnetic switches 941, 942, and 943 of the fish-killing cylinder, which are installed in parallel on the top of the fish-killing cylinder body according to the three gears of high, medium, and low.

[0036] S3: Based on the piezoelectric signal triggered by the fish during operation, the corresponding bleeding knife feed depth is matched, the telescopic rod of the corresponding fish-killing cylinder extends to the position of the corresponding telescopic rod sensing element and then retracts, and the bleeding knife installed on the telescopic rod of the fish-killing cylinder penetrates the fish gills to the matched depth.

[0037] Embodiment 4 of the present invention provides a pneumatic fish-killing method, which, based on Embodiment 3, further includes the following steps: S4: After the fish-killing cylinder telescopic rod retracts, the controller receives the signal from the fish-killing cylinder solenoid valve and energizes the fish-exiting cylinder solenoid valve, driving the fish-exiting cylinder telescopic rod to retract, causing the fish-supporting plate connected to the telescopic rod to rotate downwards. Under the action of gravity, the fish slides out from the fish-supporting plate, completing the fish-exiting process.

[0038] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory (ROM), or random access memory (RAM), etc.

[0039] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic fish-killing device for initial processing of fish, characterized in that, It includes a frame (10), a fish inlet channel (40) placed obliquely on the frame, a fish holding plate (33), and a fish killing mechanism (60) located below the fish holding plate. The fish inlet channel (40) includes a right side limiting plate (41) and a left side limiting plate (42) with elasticity, and a cover plate (43). The distance between the two side limiting plates is adjustable. The cover plate (43) is provided at the upper end of the distance, and the fish support plate (33) is provided at the lower end of the distance, forming a parallel constraint channel for the fish posture. A V-shaped fish head limiting part (44) is provided on the two side limiting plates at the lower end of the fish inlet channel (40). A through hole (331) is provided on the fish support plate (33), and the bleeding knife (63) of the fish killing mechanism (60) can pass through the through hole (331) and pierce the fish gills.

2. The pneumatic fish-killing device for primary processing of fish as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the right limiting plate (41) and the left limiting plate (42) is 0.9 to 1.1 times the thickness of the fish body, and the distance between the fish support plate (33) and the cover plate (43) is 1.2 times the width of the fish body; where the width is the maximum distance from the back to the abdomen of the fish, and the thickness is the maximum distance between the two sides of the fish.

3. The pneumatic fish-killing device for primary processing of fish as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The right limiting plate (41) and the left limiting plate (42) are made of steel plates with a thickness not exceeding 0.5 mm.

4. The pneumatic fish-killing device for primary processing of fish as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Two crossbeams (11) are provided on the frame, one located above the high end near the fish inlet channel (40) and the other located above the low end near the fish inlet channel (40). The crossbeams (11) are provided with long guide holes (110) extending in the left and right directions. The bolts pass through the long guide holes (110), the mounting holes (410) on the outward folded edges of the two side limit plates (41) and (42) and are connected and fastened with nuts. The long guide holes (110) can adjust the distance between the two side limit plates (41) and (42) to adapt to different fish body thicknesses.

5. The pneumatic fish-killing device for primary processing of fish as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fish-killing mechanism (60) includes a fish-killing cylinder (61). Several magnetic switches are set on the cylinder body of the fish-killing cylinder (61) along the axial direction of the telescopic rod (611). A magnetic ring of a permanent magnet is installed on the piston of the fish-killing cylinder. When the piston moves to any one of the magnetic switches, the sensing signal is collected by the controller (96). The controller (96) controls the length of the fish-killing cylinder (61) extending from the telescopic rod, thereby controlling the depth to which the bleeding knife (63) installed on the telescopic rod (611) pierces the gills of the fish.

6. The pneumatic fish-killing device for primary processing of fish as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes a feeding mechanism and a fish-killing mechanism; The feeding mechanism includes a feeding hopper (31) and a support plate (32) connected in sequence. One end of the fish-holding plate (33) is rotatably connected to the support plate. The bottom of the fish-holding plate is hinged to the telescopic rod of a row of fish cylinders (71). When the fish-holding plate is driven to close, it forms a parallel constraint channel with the fish feeding channel to the fish posture. When it is rotated downwards to open, it is in the fish discharge state. The fish-killing mechanism includes a fish-killing cylinder (61), a knife holder (62) connected to the piston rod of the fish-killing cylinder, a bleeding knife (63) connected to the knife holder, and a guide mechanism connected to the knife holder; the guide mechanism includes a guide bolt (641), a guide bearing (642) sleeved on the guide bolt (641), and a spacer (643) sleeved on the guide bolt (641); the end of the guide bolt (641) is fixed on the knife holder (62), the spacer (643) is located between the knife holder (62) and the guide bearing (642), the guide bearing can rotate around the guide bolt and is located on the side of the knife holder; the guide bearing (642) slides up and down in the guide groove (65) installed on the frame (10) as the fish-killing cylinder telescopic rod extends and retracts.

7. The pneumatic fish-killing device for primary processing of fish as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes a triggering mechanism; the triggering mechanism includes a spring (51), a trigger plate (52), a trigger adjusting plate (53), and a rotating plate (54). The upper end of the rotating plate (54) is rotatably connected to the frame (10), and the lower end of the rotating plate (54) is connected to one end of the spring (51). The other end of the spring (51) is connected to the crossbeam (11) near the lower end of the fish inlet channel (40). The rotating plate (54) with the spring installed, several trigger adjusting plates (53), and trigger mounting plates (521) are placed and fastened in sequence on the opposite side of the rotating plate (54) with the spring installed. The trigger mounting plate (521) is fixedly installed on the plate surface facing the spring (51). A pressure sensor is installed on the trigger plate to control the action of the fish killing cylinder (61) of the fish killing mechanism (60).

8. The pneumatic fish-killing device for primary processing of fish as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes pneumatic systems and electronic control systems; The pneumatic system (80) includes an air compressor (81) connected by an air pipe, a pressure regulating filter (82), a fish-killing cylinder solenoid valve (83), a fish-discharging cylinder solenoid valve (84), several speed regulating valves (831, 832, 841, 842), a fish-killing cylinder (61), and a fish-discharging cylinder (71); the output end of the pressure regulating filter (82) is respectively output to the input end of the fish-killing cylinder solenoid valve (83) and the fish-discharging cylinder solenoid valve (84), the fish-killing cylinder solenoid valve (83) is connected to the fish-killing cylinder through two parallel speed regulating valves, and the fish-discharging cylinder solenoid valve (84) is connected to the fish-discharging cylinder through two parallel speed regulating valves; The electronic control system includes a manual trigger button (92), a pressure sensor (93), a magnetic switch for the fish-killing cylinder (94), a magnetic switch for the fish-draining cylinder (95), and a solenoid valve for the fish-killing cylinder (83) and a solenoid valve for the fish-draining cylinder (84), which are electrically connected to the input terminals of the controller (96), respectively. The solenoid valve for the fish-killing cylinder controls the opening and closing of the air path of the fish-killing cylinder, and the solenoid valve for the fish-draining cylinder controls the opening and closing of the air path of the fish-draining cylinder.

9. A pneumatic fish-killing method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The controller collects different piezoelectric signals output by the pressure sensor on the triggering mechanism based on the weight of the fish. Different piezoelectric signals are associated with different bloodletting knife feed depths. Several telescopic rod sensing elements are arranged on the fish-killing cylinder along the direction of movement of the telescopic rod to control the extension length of the telescopic rod. Based on the piezoelectric signal triggered by the fish during operation, the corresponding bleeding knife feed depth is matched, the telescopic rod of the corresponding fish-killing cylinder extends to the corresponding telescopic rod sensing element position and then retracts, and the bleeding knife installed on the telescopic rod of the fish-killing cylinder penetrates the fish gills to the matched depth.

10. The pneumatic fish-killing method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: After the fish-killing cylinder telescopic rod retracts, the controller receives the signal from the fish-killing cylinder solenoid valve and energizes the fish-exiting cylinder solenoid valve, driving the fish-exiting cylinder telescopic rod to retract, causing the fish-supporting plate connected to the telescopic rod to rotate downwards. Under the action of gravity, the fish slides out from the fish-supporting plate, completing the fish-exiting process.

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