Crankshaft machining cutting equipment and process

Abstract

This invention discloses a cutting device and process for crankshaft machining, relating to the technical field of crankshaft machining equipment. It includes a support frame, a feeding trough, a guiding mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a tilting mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a CNC machining mechanism, a top-pressure rotation mechanism, a vibration stabilization mechanism, and a control system. The feeding trough, guiding mechanism, and feeding mechanism achieve automatic workpiece sorting and conveying; the tilting mechanism rotates the workpiece to a horizontal machining position; the lifting mechanism precisely lifts the workpiece to the machining position; the top-pressure rotation mechanism provides rotational power and works with the vibration stabilization mechanism to achieve automatic centering; the vibration stabilization mechanism detects vibration in real time through an accelerometer, and when vibration exceeds limits, drives an auxiliary pin assembly to press the crankshaft balance block, dynamically applying a damping force to counteract chatter. This invention solves the problems of large vibration, low centering accuracy, and insufficient automation in existing devices, significantly improving crankshaft machining accuracy and extending tool life, and is suitable for mass production of high-precision crankshafts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of crankshaft machining equipment, specifically relating to a cutting device and process for crankshaft machining. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of an engine, the crankshaft must withstand complex bending and torsional loads, thus requiring extremely high machining accuracy (such as surface roughness, roundness, and cylindricity) and machining stability. In the external cylindrical machining process of crankshafts, existing technologies (such as the "External Cylindrical Cutting Device for Crankshaft Production" in publication number CN217666435U) can achieve basic cutting functions, but they have the following key drawbacks:

[0003] Lack of vibration suppression capability: Existing devices are not specifically designed for vibration during the cutting process. During machining, chatter is easily generated due to problems such as equipment center of gravity shift, insufficient spindle rigidity, and transmission clearance, resulting in chatter marks on the crankshaft surface, reducing surface accuracy, and accelerating tool wear.

[0004] Limited centering accuracy: Existing devices rely on manual rough adjustment and simple mechanical structure to position the crankshaft center hole, resulting in a large centering error. This can easily lead to machining deviations due to crankshaft clamping offset, affecting product consistency.

[0005] Insufficient automation: The existing equipment requires manual assistance in processes such as feeding, sorting, and posture adjustment, resulting in low processing efficiency. Furthermore, manual intervention can easily introduce additional errors and lacks synergistic optimization with the processing flow.

[0006] Poor processing adaptability: The existing equipment cannot dynamically adjust the clamping force according to the special structure of crankshaft balance blocks during cutting, resulting in poor processing compatibility for crankshafts of different specifications.

[0007] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a cutting device for crankshaft machining that integrates automatic centering, real-time vibration stabilization, and full-process automation, aiming to improve machining accuracy, stability, and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a cutting device and process for crankshaft machining, which has the advantages of automatic centering hole finding, real-time vibration suppression, and fully automated conveying and processing. It can effectively solve the problems of low precision, poor stability and low efficiency mentioned in the background art.

[0009] This invention is implemented as follows: a cutting device for crankshaft machining, comprising:

[0010] Support frame;

[0011] The feeding chute is fixed to the top of one side of the support frame and is used for feeding crankshaft workpieces;

[0012] The material guiding mechanism, located below the feeding trough, is used to guide the crankshaft workpiece supplied by the feeding trough forward.

[0013] The feeding mechanism, located below the discharge end of the guiding mechanism, is used to further sort and convey the crankshaft workpieces guided by the guiding mechanism forward with the main shaft end facing upward and the crankshaft rod end facing downward.

[0014] The tilting mechanism is located on one side of the discharge end of the feeding mechanism and is used to rotate the crankshaft workpieces conveyed by the feeding mechanism one by one to a horizontal position.

[0015] The lifting mechanism, located below the tilting mechanism, is used to receive the crankshaft workpiece released by the tilting mechanism and lift it upwards to the processing position;

[0016] The CNC machining mechanism is located on one side of the lifting mechanism;

[0017] The top-pressing rotation mechanism, located on the other side of the lifting mechanism, is used to press the crankshaft workpiece and provide rotational driving force, and the axis of the rotational driving force coincides with the axis of the crankshaft rod.

[0018] A vibration stabilization mechanism is mounted on the CNC machining mechanism, and its axial direction coincides with the axis of the crankshaft. The vibration stabilization mechanism includes a sixth linear cylinder, an auxiliary needle assembly, and a sliding rotating bushing. The sixth linear cylinder is fixed on the CNC machining mechanism to provide driving force for the horizontal movement of the auxiliary needle assembly. The auxiliary needle assembly can move horizontally and rotate circumferentially relative to the CNC machining mechanism through the sliding rotating bushing. The auxiliary needle assembly includes a needle barrel, an elastic needle core, a locking element, and an acceleration sensor. The needle barrel is rotatably connected to the outer end of the piston rod of the sixth linear cylinder. The end of the needle barrel near the crankshaft workpiece is milled to form a semi-circular arc-shaped pressing part that matches the balance block on the crankshaft workpiece. The elastic needle core can extend and retract axially relative to the needle barrel to provide a reaction force that coincides with the axis of the crankshaft in conjunction with the top-pressure rotation mechanism. The locking element is used to lock the elastic needle core. The acceleration sensor is mounted on the auxiliary needle assembly to detect the mechanical vibration generated during the machining of the crankshaft workpiece.

[0019] It also includes a control system connected to the acceleration sensor signal. When the acceleration sensor detects abnormal vibration caused by cutting force or rotational imbalance, it can feed back to the control system. The control system controls the locking member to release the locking of the elastic needle core, and the auxiliary needle assembly moves towards the crankshaft workpiece under the drive of the sixth linear cylinder, causing the elastic needle core to retract into the needle cylinder. The pressing part of the needle cylinder presses the balance block of the crankshaft workpiece, thereby dynamically fine-tuning the clamping force of the balance block.

[0020] Preferably, the material guiding mechanism includes a receiving hopper located below the feeding trough. One end of the receiving hopper extends forward and is fixed with a gradually narrowing guide hopper. The receiving hopper is supported on a support frame by a first linear vibration device.

[0021] Preferably, the feeding mechanism includes a feeding trough, and two V-shaped receiving plates are fixed on the top of the feeding trough near the discharge end of the guiding mechanism. The feeding trough is supported on the support frame by a second linear vibration device, and the inner width of the feeding trough is between the diameter of the crankshaft rod and the diameter of the balance block.

[0022] Preferably, the turning mechanism includes a support base fixed to a support frame. A U-shaped frame is fixed to the top side of the support base. A first linear cylinder is fixed to the outer side of the U-shaped frame. A first slide rail horizontally arranged along the driving direction of the first linear cylinder is fixed to the inner side of the U-shaped frame. A first slider is slidably connected to the first slide rail. A first slide block is fixed to the outer side of the first slider. The first slide block is fixed to the piston rod end of the first linear cylinder. A vertically arranged second slide rail is fixed to the inner side of the first slide block. A second slider is slidably connected to the second slide rail. A steering seat is fixed to the outer side of the second slider. A second linear cylinder is fixed to the bottom of the first slide block. The steering seat is fixed to the piston rod end of the second linear cylinder. A first rotary motor is fixed to the steering seat. An electric gripper for clamping the crankshaft workpiece is fixed to the output shaft end of the first rotary motor. After being clamped by the electric gripper, the crankshaft workpiece is rotated under the drive of the first rotary motor until the crankshaft rod faces the top-pressing rotation mechanism and the main shaft faces the vibration stabilizing mechanism and remains horizontal.

[0023] Preferably, the lifting mechanism includes a fixed seat, which is fixed to a support frame. The length direction of the fixed seat is perpendicular to the driving axis of the top-pressing rotation mechanism. The top surface of the fixed seat is provided with several V-shaped slots for supporting the crankshaft rod on the crankshaft workpiece. The bottom inner side of the fixed seat is provided with a sliding plate that can slide horizontally along the length direction of the fixed seat. A third linear cylinder is fixed to the outer side of the fixed seat. The sliding plate is fixed to the piston rod end of the third linear cylinder. A lifting platform is arranged parallel above the sliding plate. A fourth linear cylinder is fixed at the middle position of the bottom surface of the fixed seat. The lifting platform is fixed to the piston rod end of the fourth linear cylinder. The bottom surface of the lifting platform is fixed with guide rods symmetrically distributed on both sides of the fourth linear cylinder, and the guide rods are vertically slidably connected to the fixed seat. The top surface of the lifting platform is provided with arc-shaped grooves corresponding to the V-shaped slots. When the lifting platform moves upward, it can lift the crankshaft workpiece through the arc-shaped grooves.

[0024] Preferably, the CNC machining mechanism includes a frame, which is fixed on a support frame. A third rotary motor is fixed on the top of the frame, and a cutting tool can be mounted on the output shaft end of the third rotary motor.

[0025] Preferably, the top-pressure rotation mechanism includes a mounting base, which is fixed to a support frame. A slide table is slidably connected to the top surface of the mounting base. A second rotary motor is fixed to the top surface of the slide table. A pin is fixed to the output shaft end of the second rotary motor. A fifth linear cylinder is fixed to the outside of the mounting base. The slide table is fixed to the piston rod end of the fifth linear cylinder.

[0026] Preferably, the elastic needle core includes a core body and a first spring. The inner side of the syringe is provided with a telescopic cavity that is slidably connected to the first spring. The two ends of the first spring are respectively fixed to the core body and the inner wall of the telescopic cavity. The crankshaft workpiece in a horizontal posture is positioned so that the balance block is below the crankshaft shaft axis and the main shaft is above the crankshaft shaft axis under the action of the center of gravity. The end of the core body near the crankshaft workpiece is provided with a groove that matches the main shaft. The bottom of the core body is radially provided with a positioning hole.

[0027] Preferably, the locking component includes a locking rod, the bottom of the syringe is provided with a branch tube perpendicular to the syringe axis, and the inner side of the branch tube is provided with a second telescopic cavity. A through hole is opened in the second telescopic cavity and communicates with the telescopic cavity. The locking rod can be inserted into the positioning hole through the through hole. A first electromagnet, a second electromagnet, and a second spring are sleeved on the outer side of the locking rod. The first electromagnet is fixed outside the locking rod, the second electromagnet is fixed inside the bottom opening of the second telescopic cavity, and the locking rod and the second electromagnet are in clearance fit. The two ends of the second spring are respectively fixed to the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet.

[0028] The crankshaft machining process includes the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: Place the crankshaft workpiece in the loading trough and discharge it through the discharge port at the lower end of the loading trough;

[0030] Step 2: The guiding mechanism receives the crankshaft workpiece falling from the feeding trough and guides the crankshaft workpiece forward by linear vibration.

[0031] Step 3: The feeding mechanism sorts the crankshaft workpieces guided by the guiding mechanism with the main shaft facing upwards and the crankshaft rod facing downwards through linear vibration and then further conveys them forward.

[0032] Step 4: The flipping mechanism clamps the crankshaft workpieces conveyed by the feeding mechanism and rotates them forward one by one to a horizontal position.

[0033] Step 5: The lifting mechanism receives the crankshaft workpiece released by the flipping mechanism and lifts it upwards to the machining position of the CNC machining mechanism.

[0034] Step six: The horizontal driving force of the top-pressure rotation mechanism presses against the crankshaft rod of the crankshaft workpiece, causing the other end of the crankshaft rod of the crankshaft workpiece to contact the elastic needle core of the auxiliary needle assembly. The circumferential rotation driving force of the top-pressure rotation mechanism drives the crankshaft workpiece and the auxiliary needle assembly to rotate synchronously, and cooperates with the CNC machining mechanism to perform cutting machining on the crankshaft workpiece.

[0035] The mechanical vibration generated during the crankshaft workpiece machining process is detected in real time by an acceleration sensor. When the vibration value is within the set range, the locking component locks the elastic needle core, keeping the elastic needle core axially pressing the crankshaft rod of the crankshaft workpiece. When the vibration value exceeds the set range, the control system controls the locking component to release the locking of the elastic needle core, and the auxiliary needle assembly moves towards the crankshaft workpiece under the drive of the sixth linear cylinder, causing the elastic needle core to retract into the needle cylinder. The pressing part presses the balance block of the crankshaft workpiece, and the vibration is actively counteracted by applying a damping force to the balance block, thereby dynamically fine-tuning the pressing force on the crankshaft workpiece.

[0036] Compared with related technologies, the cutting device and process for crankshaft machining provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. This invention integrates an acceleration sensor and a dynamic vibration stabilization mechanism to detect vibration in real time and apply damping force by pressing with a balance block, thereby significantly reducing chatter, improving surface machining accuracy, and extending tool life;

[0038] 2. In this invention, centering is achieved by automatically finding the center hole, with the ejector pin and the elastic needle core groove working together, thereby reducing centering error and significantly improving processing consistency;

[0039] 3. This invention automates the entire process (feeding-guiding-sorting-flipping-lifting-processing), eliminating the need for manual operation and improving processing efficiency;

[0040] 4. The auxiliary needle assembly of the present invention has a pressing part that matches the balance block, which can dynamically adjust the clamping force and adapt to the outer surface processing of crankshafts of different lengths, thus improving compatibility. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting device for crankshaft machining proposed in this invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of the cutting device for crankshaft machining proposed in this invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the material guiding mechanism proposed in this invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism proposed in this invention;

[0045] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the material turning mechanism proposed in this invention;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism proposed in this invention;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a half-sectional schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism proposed in this invention;

[0048] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the top-pressure rotation mechanism proposed in this invention;

[0049] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the CNC machining mechanism proposed in this invention;

[0050] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary needle assembly and crankshaft workpiece proposed in this invention;

[0051] Figure 11 This is a half-sectional schematic diagram of the auxiliary needle assembly proposed in this invention;

[0052] Figure 12 This is a partially exploded cross-sectional view of the auxiliary needle assembly proposed in this invention.

[0053] In the diagram: 1. Support frame; 2. Feeding trough; 3. Guiding mechanism; 31. Receiving hopper; 32. Guiding hopper; 33. First linear vibration device; 4. Feeding mechanism; 41. Feeding trough; 42. Receiving plate; 43. Second linear vibration device; 5. Tilting mechanism; 51. Support base; 52. U-shaped frame; 53. First linear cylinder; 54. First slide rail; 55. First slider; 56. First slide block; 57. Second linear cylinder; 58. Second slide rail; 59. Second slider; 510. Steering seat; 511. First rotary motor; 512. Electric gripper; 6. Lifting mechanism; 61. Fixed base; 62. V-shaped bayonet; 63. Slide plate; 64. Third linear cylinder; 65. Lifting platform; 66. Fourth linear cylinder; 67. Guide rod; 68. Arc groove; 7. CNC machining mechanism 71. Stand; 72. Third rotary motor; 8. Top-pressing rotation mechanism; 81. Mounting base; 82. Slide table; 83. Fifth linear cylinder; 84. Second rotary motor; 85. Ejector pin; 9. Vibration stabilization mechanism; 91. Sixth linear cylinder; 92. Auxiliary needle assembly; 921. Syringe; 9211. Telescopic cavity; 9212. Pressing part; 9213. Branch cylinder; 9214. Second telescopic cavity; 922. Elastic needle core; 9221. Core body; 9222. First spring; 9223. Groove; 9224. Positioning hole; 923. Locking element; 9231. Locking rod; 9232. First electromagnet; 9233. Second electromagnet; 9234. Second spring; 93. Sliding rotating bushing; 10. Crankshaft workpiece; 101. Crankshaft rod; 102. Balance block; 103. Main shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can understand it.

[0055] Please see Figures 1-12 A cutting device for crankshaft machining includes a support frame 1, a feeding trough 2, a guiding mechanism 3, a feeding mechanism 4, a tilting mechanism 5, a lifting mechanism 6, a CNC machining mechanism 7, a top-pressure rotation mechanism 8, a vibration stabilizing mechanism 9, and a control system. The structure and connection relationship of each component are as follows:

[0056] Support frame 1: As the overall support frame of the device, it provides an installation benchmark for other mechanisms and ensures the relative positional accuracy of each mechanism.

[0057] Feeding trough 2: Fixed to the top of one side of the support frame 1, it is designed as a bucket and is used to store crankshaft workpieces 10 in batches and feed them through the lower discharge port.

[0058] Material guiding mechanism 3: Located below the feeding trough 2, it includes a receiving hopper 31, a guiding hopper 32, and a first linear vibration device 33; the receiving hopper 31 receives the crankshaft workpiece 10 falling from the feeding trough 2, and one end of it extends and is fixed with a gradually narrowing guiding hopper 32 (used to regulate the posture of the workpiece). The receiving hopper 31 is supported on the support frame 1 by the first linear vibration device 33, and the workpiece is guided forward by linear vibration to avoid the workpiece getting stuck.

[0059] Feeding mechanism 4: Located below the discharge end of the guiding mechanism 3, it includes a feeding trough 41, a receiving plate 42, and a second linear vibration device 43. Two V-shaped receiving plates 42 are fixed on the top of the feeding trough 41 near the guiding mechanism 3 (used to receive the workpieces discharged from the guiding hopper 32 and sort them initially). The feeding trough 41 is supported on the support frame 1 by the second linear vibration device 43, and the inner width of the feeding trough 41 is between the diameter of the crankshaft rod 101 and the balance block 102, ensuring that the workpiece is conveyed forward in a fixed posture with the main shaft 103 facing up and the crankshaft rod 101 facing down, in preparation for subsequent material turning.

[0060] Material turning mechanism 5: Located on one side of the discharge end of the feeding mechanism 4, it includes a support base 51, a U-shaped frame 52, a first linear cylinder 53, a first slide rail 54, a first slider 55, a first sliding block 56, a second linear cylinder 57, a second slide rail 58, a second slider 59, a steering seat 510, a first rotary motor 511, and an electric gripper 512; the support base 51 is fixed to the support frame 1, the U-shaped frame 52 is fixed to the top side of the support base 51, the first linear cylinder 53 is fixed to the outside of the U-shaped frame 52, the first slide rail 54 is horizontally fixed to the inside of the U-shaped frame 52 along the driving direction of the first linear cylinder 53, the first slider 55 is slidably connected to the first slide rail 54 and fixed to the first sliding block 56, and the first sliding block 56 is connected to the first linear cylinder 57, the second slide rail 58, the second slider 59, the steering seat 510, the first rotary motor 511, and the electric gripper 512; the support base 51 is fixed to the support frame 1, the U-shaped frame 52 is fixed to the top side of the support base 51, the first linear cylinder 53 is fixed to the outside of the U-shaped frame 52, the first slide rail 54 is horizontally fixed to the inside of the U-shaped frame 52 along the driving direction of the first linear cylinder 53, the first slider 55 is slidably connected to the first slide rail 54 and fixed to the first sliding block 56, and the first sliding block 56 is fixed to the first linear cylinder 57, the second slide rail 58, the second slider 59, the first linear cylinder 57, the second slide rail 58, the second slider 59, the steering seat 510, the first rotary motor 511, and the The piston rod end of cylinder 53 is connected (to achieve horizontal feeding); the second slide rail 58 is vertically fixed to the inner side of the first slide block 56, the second slider 59 is slidably connected to the second slide rail 58 and fixed to the steering seat 510, the second linear cylinder 57 is fixed to the bottom of the first slide block 56 and the piston rod end is connected to the steering seat 510 (to achieve vertical lifting); the first rotary motor 511 is fixed to the steering seat 510, and the electric gripper 512 is fixed to the output shaft end of the first rotary motor 511 (for clamping the workpiece); after the workpiece is clamped by the electric gripper 512, it rotates under the drive of the first rotary motor 511 to a horizontal posture in which "crankshaft rod 101 faces the top pressing rotation mechanism 8 and main shaft 103 faces the vibration stabilizing mechanism 9", thus completing the posture correction.

[0061] Lifting mechanism 6: Located below the tilting mechanism 5, it includes a fixed base 61, a sliding plate 63, a third linear cylinder 64, a lifting platform 65, a fourth linear cylinder 66, and a guide rod 67. The fixed base 61 is fixed to the support frame 1, and its length direction is perpendicular to the driving axis of the top pressing and rotating mechanism 8. The top surface is provided with several V-shaped slots 62 (for temporarily supporting the crankshaft rod 101). The sliding plate 63 is located inside the bottom of the fixed base 61 and is driven by the third linear cylinder 64 to slide along the length direction of the fixed base 61 (it can be driven by the subsequent fourth linear cylinder 66). After the linear cylinder 66 lifts, it adjusts the lateral position of the workpiece to achieve sequential feeding of the crankshaft workpiece 10; the lifting platform 65 is parallel to the slide plate 63 and is driven to lift vertically by the fourth linear cylinder 66. The bottom surface is fixed with symmetrically distributed guide rods 67 (vertically slidingly connected to the fixed seat 61 to ensure lifting stability), and the top surface is provided with an arc groove 68 corresponding to the V-shaped bayonet 62; when the lifting platform 65 moves upward, it lifts the workpiece to the machining position of the CNC machining mechanism 7 through the arc groove 68 to achieve precise positioning.

[0062] CNC machining mechanism 7: Located on one side of lifting mechanism 6, including frame 71 and third rotary motor 72; frame 71 is fixed on support frame 1, and third rotary motor 72 is fixed on top of frame 71. Different specifications of cutting tools can be installed on its output shaft end to achieve high-precision cutting of crankshaft outer circle according to machining requirements.

[0063] Top-pressing rotation mechanism 8: Located on the other side of lifting mechanism 6, it includes mounting base 81, slide table 82, fifth linear cylinder 83, second rotary motor 84, and ejector pin 85; mounting base 81 is fixed on support frame 1, slide table 82 is slidably connected to the top surface of mounting base 81, fifth linear cylinder 83 is fixed to the outside of mounting base 81 and its piston rod end is connected to slide table 82 (driving slide table 82 to move horizontally); second rotary motor 84 is fixed to the top surface of slide table 82, and ejector pin 85 is fixed to the output shaft end of second rotary motor 84; during operation, fifth linear cylinder 83 pushes slide table 82 to make ejector pin 85 press against one end of crankshaft rod 101, second rotary motor 84 drives ejector pin 85 to rotate, driving crankshaft workpiece 10 to rotate synchronously, providing stable rotational power for cutting, and the rotation axis coincides with the crankshaft rod 101 axis to avoid eccentric vibration.

[0064] Vibration stabilization mechanism 9: mounted on the CNC machining mechanism 7, with its axis coinciding with the crankshaft rod 101 axis, includes a sixth linear cylinder 91, an auxiliary needle assembly 92, and a sliding rotating bushing 93; the sixth linear cylinder 91 is fixed on the CNC machining mechanism 7 and is used to provide the driving force for the horizontal movement of the auxiliary needle assembly 92; the auxiliary needle assembly 92 is connected to the CNC machining mechanism 7 through the sliding rotating bushing 93, and can realize horizontal movement and circumferential rotation, wherein the sliding rotating bushing 93 is a precision bearing component commonly used in the technical field that combines linear motion and rotational motion, which will not be described in detail here;

[0065] The auxiliary needle assembly 92 specifically includes a syringe 921, an elastic needle core 922, a locking element 923, and an acceleration sensor. The syringe 921 is rotatably connected to the outer end of the piston rod of the sixth linear cylinder 91. The end near the crankshaft workpiece 10 is milled to form a semi-circular pressing part 9212 that matches the crankshaft balance block 102 (ensuring a tight fit with the shape of the balance block 102). The elastic needle core 922 includes a core body 9221 and a first spring 9222. A telescopic cavity 9211 is provided inside the syringe 921. The two ends of the first spring 9222 are respectively fixed to the inner walls of the core body 9221 and the telescopic cavity 9211. The core body 9221 can extend and retract axially relative to the syringe 921. The end near the crankshaft has a groove 9223 that matches the main shaft 103 (for centering with the ejector pin 85). The stop 923 includes a locking rod 9231, a first electromagnet 9232, a second electromagnet 9233, and a second spring 9234. The bottom of the syringe 921 is provided with a branch tube 9213 (with a second telescopic cavity 9214 inside). The locking rod 9231 is inserted into the positioning hole 9224 of the core 9221 through the through hole of the branch tube 9213 and the telescopic cavity 9211 (to lock the elastic needle core 922). The first electromagnet 9232 is fixed outside the locking rod 9231, and the second electromagnet 9233 is fixed inside the bottom opening of the second telescopic cavity 9214. The second spring 9234 is sleeved on the outside of the locking rod 9231 and its two ends are connected to the first electromagnet 9232 and the second electromagnet 9233. An acceleration sensor is installed on the auxiliary needle assembly 92 to detect mechanical vibrations during the processing in real time.

[0066] Control system: It is connected to the acceleration sensor, each linear cylinder (first linear cylinder 53, second linear cylinder 57, third linear cylinder 64, fourth linear cylinder 66, fifth linear cylinder 83, sixth linear cylinder 91), rotary motor (first rotary motor 511, second rotary motor 84, third rotary motor 72), and electric gripper 512 to realize full-process automated control; when the acceleration sensor detects abnormal vibration, the control system triggers the locking member 923 to unlock and drives the auxiliary needle assembly 92 to press the balance block 102 to counteract the vibration.

[0067] Based on the above-mentioned device, the present invention also proposes a crankshaft machining cutting process, comprising the following steps:

[0068] Feeding and guiding: The crankshaft workpiece 10 is placed into the feeding trough 2 and falls into the receiving hopper 31 of the guiding mechanism 3 through the discharge port. The first linear vibration device 33 drives the receiving hopper 31 to vibrate. After the workpiece is shaped by the guiding hopper 32, it enters the feeding mechanism 4.

[0069] Sorting and posture adjustment: The second linear vibration device 43 of the feeding mechanism 4 drives the feeding trough 41 to vibrate, and the workpieces are sorted and conveyed in the posture of "main shaft 103 facing up and crankshaft 101 facing down" under the guidance of the receiving plate 42; the electric gripper 512 of the flipping mechanism 5 clamps the workpieces, and the position is adjusted by the first linear cylinder 53 and the second linear cylinder 57, and the first rotary motor 511 rotates the workpieces to a horizontal posture.

[0070] Lifting and centering: The lifting platform 65 of the lifting mechanism 6 receives the workpiece through the arc groove 68 and lifts it to the processing position. The fifth linear cylinder 83 of the top-pressure rotation mechanism 8 pushes the ejector pin 85 to press one end of the crankshaft rod 101. The groove 9223 of the elastic needle core 922 of the auxiliary needle assembly 92 fits with the crankshaft main shaft 103 to achieve automatic centering of the center hole. The locking part 923 locks the elastic needle core 922 to maintain axial compression.

[0071] Cutting and vibration stabilization: The second rotary motor 84 drives the crankshaft to rotate, and the third rotary motor 72 of the CNC machining mechanism 7 drives the tool to cut; the acceleration sensor detects vibration in real time. If the vibration value exceeds the set range, the control system controls the locking part 923 to unlock, the sixth linear cylinder 91 drives the auxiliary needle assembly 92 to move towards the balance block 102, the elastic needle core 922 retracts, the pressing part 9212 presses the balance block 102 and applies a damping force to dynamically cancel the vibration and maintain machining stability.

[0072] Cyclic processing: After a single processing cycle is completed, each mechanism is reset, the lifting mechanism 6 pushes the workpiece to the unloading position, and at the same time the guiding and feeding mechanism transports the next workpiece, entering the next processing cycle.

[0073] In summary, this invention effectively solves the problems of low precision, poor stability, and low efficiency of existing devices through automatic centering, real-time vibration stabilization, and full-process automation design, making it suitable for high-volume, high-precision crankshaft processing scenarios.

[0074] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can still combine, add, delete, or otherwise adjust the features of the various embodiments of the present invention according to the circumstances without conflict or creative effort, thereby obtaining different technical solutions that do not fundamentally depart from the concept of the present invention. These technical solutions also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cutting device for crankshaft machining, characterized in that, include: Support frame (1); The feeding trough (2) is fixed to the top of one side of the support frame (1) and is used for feeding the crankshaft workpiece (10); The material guiding mechanism (3) is located below the feeding trough (2) and is used to guide the crankshaft workpiece (10) supplied by the feeding trough (2) forward; The feeding mechanism (4) is located below the discharge end of the guiding mechanism (3) and is used to further sort and transport the crankshaft workpiece (10) guided by the guiding mechanism (3) forward with the end where the main shaft (103) is facing up and the end where the crankshaft rod (101) is facing down. The turning mechanism (5) is located on one side of the discharge end of the feeding mechanism (4) and is used to rotate the crankshaft workpieces (10) conveyed by the feeding mechanism (4) one by one to a horizontal position. The lifting mechanism (6) is located below the flipping mechanism (5) and is used to receive the crankshaft workpiece (10) released by the flipping mechanism (5) and lift it upward to the processing position; The CNC machining mechanism (7) is located on one side of the lifting mechanism (6); The top-pressing rotation mechanism (8) is located on the other side of the lifting mechanism (6) and is used to press the crankshaft workpiece (10) and provide rotational driving force, and the axis of the rotational driving force coincides with the axis of the crankshaft rod (101); A vibration stabilization mechanism (9) is mounted on the CNC machining mechanism (7), and its axial direction coincides with the axis of the crankshaft (101). The vibration stabilization mechanism (9) includes a sixth linear cylinder (91), an auxiliary needle assembly (92), and a sliding rotating bushing (93). The sixth linear cylinder (91) is fixed on the CNC machining mechanism (7) to provide the driving force for the horizontal movement of the auxiliary needle assembly (92). The auxiliary needle assembly (92) can move horizontally and rotate circumferentially relative to the CNC machining mechanism (7) through the sliding rotating bushing (93). The auxiliary needle assembly (92) includes a syringe (921), an elastic needle core (922), a locking element (923), and an acceleration transmission. The syringe (921) is rotatably connected to the outer end of the piston rod of the sixth linear cylinder (91). The end of the syringe near the crankshaft workpiece (10) is milled to form a semi-circular pressing part (9212) that matches the balance block (102) on the crankshaft workpiece (10). The elastic needle core (922) can extend and retract axially relative to the syringe (921) to cooperate with the top pressure rotation mechanism (8) to provide a reaction force that coincides with the axis to the crankshaft rod (101). The locking member (923) is used to lock the elastic needle core (922). The acceleration sensor is installed on the auxiliary needle assembly (92) to detect the mechanical vibration generated during the processing of the crankshaft workpiece (10). It also includes a control system connected to the acceleration sensor signal. When the acceleration sensor detects abnormal vibration caused by cutting force or rotational imbalance, it can feed back to the control system. The control system controls the locking member (923) to release the lock on the elastic needle core (922), and the auxiliary needle assembly (92) moves towards the crankshaft workpiece (10) under the drive of the sixth linear cylinder (91), causing the elastic needle core (922) to retract into the needle cylinder (921). The pressing part (9212) of the needle cylinder (921) presses the balance block (102) of the crankshaft workpiece (10), thereby dynamically fine-tuning the clamping force of the balance block (102).

2. The cutting device for crankshaft machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material guiding mechanism (3) includes a receiving hopper (31), which is located below the feeding trough (2). One end of the receiving hopper (31) extends forward and is fixed with a gradually narrowing guiding hopper (32). The receiving hopper (31) is supported on the support frame (1) by a first linear vibration device (33).

3. The cutting device for crankshaft machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding mechanism (4) includes a feeding trough (41). Two V-shaped receiving plates (42) are fixed on the top of the feeding trough (41) near the discharge end of the guiding mechanism (3). The feeding trough (41) is supported on the support frame (1) by a second linear vibration device (43). The inner width of the feeding trough (41) is between the diameter of the crankshaft (101) and the balance block (102).

4. The cutting device for crankshaft machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material turning mechanism (5) includes a support base (51), which is fixed to a support frame (1). A U-shaped frame (52) is fixed to the top side of the support base (51). A first linear cylinder (53) is fixed to the outside of the U-shaped frame (52). A first slide rail (54) is fixed to the inside of the U-shaped frame (52) and is horizontally arranged along the driving direction of the first linear cylinder (53). A first slider (55) is slidably connected to the first slide rail (54). A first slide block (56) is fixed to the outside of the first slider (55). The first slide block (56) is fixed to the piston rod end of the first linear cylinder (53). A second slide rail (58) is vertically arranged to the inside of the first slide block (56). A second slider (59) is slidably connected to the first slide (56). A steering seat (510) is fixed to the outside of the second slider (59). A second linear cylinder (57) is fixed to the bottom of the first slide (56). The steering seat (510) is fixed to the piston rod end of the second linear cylinder (57). A first rotary motor (511) is fixed on the steering seat (510). An electric gripper (512) for clamping the crankshaft workpiece (10) is fixed to the output shaft end of the first rotary motor (511). After being clamped by the electric gripper (512), the crankshaft workpiece (10) is rotated under the drive of the first rotary motor (511) until the crankshaft rod (101) faces the top pressure rotation mechanism (8) and the main shaft (103) faces the vibration stabilizing mechanism (9) and remains horizontal.

5. The cutting device for crankshaft machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting mechanism (6) includes a fixed seat (61), which is fixed to the support frame (1). The length direction of the fixed seat (61) is perpendicular to the driving axis of the top pressing rotation mechanism (8). The top surface of the fixed seat (61) is provided with several V-shaped bayonets (62) for supporting the crankshaft rod (101) on the crankshaft workpiece (10). The bottom inner side of the fixed seat (61) is provided with a sliding plate (63) that can slide horizontally along the length direction of the fixed seat (61). A third linear cylinder (64) is fixed to the outside of the fixed seat (61). The sliding plate (63) is fixed to the piston rod end of the third linear cylinder (64). A lifting platform (65) is arranged parallel above the sliding plate (63). A fourth linear cylinder (66) is fixed at the middle of the bottom surface of the fixed base (61). The lifting platform (65) is fixed to the piston rod end of the fourth linear cylinder (66). Guide rods (67) symmetrically distributed on both sides of the fourth linear cylinder (66) are fixed on the bottom surface of the lifting platform (65). The guide rods (67) are vertically slidably connected to the fixed base (61). The top surface of the lifting platform (65) is provided with arc-shaped grooves (68) corresponding to the V-shaped bayonet (62). When the lifting platform (65) moves upward, it can lift the crankshaft workpiece (10) through the arc-shaped grooves (68).

6. The cutting device for crankshaft machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The CNC machining mechanism (7) includes a frame (71) which is fixed on a support frame (1). A third rotary motor (72) is fixed on the top of the frame (71), and a cutting tool can be installed on the output shaft end of the third rotary motor (72).

7. The cutting device for crankshaft machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top-pressure rotation mechanism (8) includes a mounting base (81), which is fixed on the support frame (1). A slide table (82) is slidably connected to the top surface of the mounting base (81). A second rotary motor (84) is fixed to the top surface of the slide table (82). A pin (85) is fixed to the output shaft end of the second rotary motor (84). A fifth linear cylinder (83) is fixed to the outside of the mounting base (81). The slide table (82) is fixed to the piston rod end of the fifth linear cylinder (83).

8. The cutting device for crankshaft machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic needle core (922) includes a core body (9221) and a first spring (9222). The inner side of the syringe (921) is provided with a telescopic cavity (9211) that is slidably connected to the first spring (9222). The two ends of the first spring (9222) are respectively fixed to the inner wall of the core body (9221) and the telescopic cavity (9211). The crankshaft workpiece (10) in a horizontal position is positioned so that the balance block (102) is below the axis of the crankshaft rod (101) under the action of the center of gravity, while the main shaft (103) is above the axis of the crankshaft rod (101). The end of the core body (9221) near the crankshaft workpiece (10) is provided with a groove (9223) that is adapted to the main shaft (103). The bottom of the core body (9221) is radially provided with a positioning hole (9224).

9. The cutting device for crankshaft machining according to claim 8, characterized in that, The locking member (923) includes a locking rod (9231). The bottom of the syringe (921) is provided with a branch tube (9213) perpendicular to the axis of the syringe (921). The inner side of the branch tube (9213) is provided with a second telescopic cavity (9214). A through hole is opened in the second telescopic cavity (9214) and communicates with the telescopic cavity (9211). The locking rod (9231) can be inserted into the positioning hole (9224) through the through hole. A first locking rod (9231) is sleeved on the outer side of the locking rod (9231). The device comprises an electromagnet (9232), a second electromagnet (9233), and a second spring (9234). The first electromagnet (9232) is fixed outside the locking rod (9231), and the second electromagnet (9233) is fixed inside the bottom opening of the second telescopic cavity (9214). The locking rod (9231) and the second electromagnet (9233) are in clearance fit. The two ends of the second spring (9234) are respectively fixed to the first electromagnet (9232) and the second electromagnet (9233).

10. A crankshaft machining cutting process, wherein the crankshaft machining cutting device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Place the crankshaft workpiece (10) into the loading trough (2) and discharge it through the discharge port at the lower end of the loading trough (2); Step 2: The guiding mechanism (3) receives the crankshaft workpiece (10) falling from the feeding trough (2) and guides the crankshaft workpiece (10) forward by linear vibration. Step 3: The feeding mechanism (4) sorts the crankshaft workpiece (10) guided by the guiding mechanism (3) with the main shaft (103) facing up and the crankshaft rod (101) facing down by linear vibration and further conveys it forward. Step 4: The turning mechanism (5) clamps the crankshaft workpiece (10) conveyed by the feeding mechanism (4) and rotates it forward one by one to a horizontal position. Step 5: The lifting mechanism (6) receives the crankshaft workpiece (10) released by the flipping mechanism (5) and lifts it upward to the machining position of the CNC machining mechanism (7); Step six, the horizontal driving force of the top-pressure rotation mechanism (8) presses the crankshaft rod (101) of the crankshaft workpiece (10) so that the other end of the crankshaft rod (101) of the crankshaft workpiece (10) abuts against the elastic needle core (922) of the auxiliary needle assembly (92). The circumferential rotation driving force of the top-pressure rotation mechanism (8) drives the crankshaft workpiece (10) and the auxiliary needle assembly (92) to rotate synchronously, and cooperates with the CNC machining mechanism (7) to perform cutting machining on the crankshaft workpiece (10); The mechanical vibration generated during the processing of the crankshaft workpiece (10) is detected in real time by the acceleration sensor. When the vibration value is within the set range, the locking part (923) locks the elastic needle core (922) so that the elastic needle core (922) keeps the crankshaft rod (101) of the crankshaft workpiece (10) axially pressed. When the vibration value exceeds the set range, the control system controls the locking part (923) to release the locking of the elastic needle core (922), and the auxiliary needle assembly (92) moves towards the crankshaft workpiece (10) under the drive of the sixth linear cylinder (91), so that the elastic needle core (922) retracts into the needle cylinder (921), and the pressing part (9212) presses the balance block (102) of the crankshaft workpiece (10). By applying the damping force to the balance block (102), the vibration is actively counteracted, and the pressing force on the crankshaft workpiece (10) is dynamically fine-tuned.

Images