Magnetic levitation train magnetic system integrating suspension guiding and traction

Abstract

The invention provides a maglev train magnetic force system integrating suspension guiding and traction, and belongs to the technical field of maglev trains, the maglev train magnetic force system comprises track side electromagnets, vehicle side permanent magnets, a suspension frame, a position sensor and a power supply system, the rail side electromagnets are distributed in a queue in the longitudinal direction and installed on the upper portion, the two sides and the lower portion of a rail, each suspension frame comprises a framework and skids, the skids are connected to the bottom of the inner side and the left side and the right side of the inner side of the framework, and the multiple suspension frames jointly conduct supporting to achieve train bearing. The vehicle side permanent magnets are distributed on the top, the bottom and the two sides of the interior of the suspension frame, the position sensor is arranged in or on one side of the track side electromagnet, and the power supply system is arranged on the ground and provided with a control switch. According to the invention, the integrated design of suspension, guiding and traction of the maglev vehicle is realized, and the non-contact high-speed operation of the maglev traffic system is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of maglev train technology, and in particular to a magnetic system for a maglev train that integrates levitation guidance and traction. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, conventional high-speed maglev systems are the most mature maglev rail transit systems in the world. Conventional high-speed maglev technology uses electromagnetic attraction as the basis for levitation. The attraction between onboard electromagnets and the track's magnetic conductors achieves both levitation and guidance of the train. Onboard levitation / guidance controllers and corresponding sensors ensure vehicle stability. Secondly, a long-stator linear motor provides traction power for train traction and braking.

[0003] However, existing conventional high-speed maglev technology has the following shortcomings: 1) It needs to reduce overall construction costs and improve economic efficiency to facilitate rapid promotion and application. 2) Each traction section can only accommodate one fixed-formation train, using fixed block tracking. The block section must be at least one traction section. As speed increases, the tracking interval becomes longer, limiting transport capacity and creating a contradiction between increasing transport capacity and reducing engineering costs. 3) Rescue methods and the need for contact power supply at low speeds necessitate the establishment of numerous auxiliary parking areas. Furthermore, the operation and control technology is complex, operation is inconvenient, and construction costs are high. 4) The suspension system, guidance system, eddy current braking system, and traction system are relatively independent. Onboard power supply and the suspension, guidance, and eddy current braking systems are complex, and their weight accounts for a large proportion of the total vehicle weight. 5) Due to the high real-time requirements of the traction system for positioning and speed measurement, precise positioning and speed measurement are required, which is technically challenging and costly. 6) The traction power supply system requires high-frequency, high-voltage, and high-current converters and high-frequency, large-capacity step-up transformers, which causes the stator switch station to activate the mechanical switch once for each train passing by. The mechanical switch is slow to activate and has high maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a magnetic force system for maglev trains that integrates suspension, guidance, and traction. Based on a motor, the system achieves an integrated design for maglev vehicle suspension, guidance, and traction, thereby reducing the weight of the maglev vehicle, lowering the energy consumption of the maglev system, and miniaturizing the new maglev system line, thus enabling contactless high-speed operation of the maglev transportation system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A magnetic levitation train magnetic system integrating suspension guidance and traction includes track-side electromagnets, vehicle-side permanent magnets, suspension frames, position sensors, and a power supply system. The track-side electromagnets are arranged in a longitudinal row and installed above, on both sides, and below the track. The suspension frame includes a frame and skids. Skids are connected to the inner bottom and the inner left and right sides of the frame. The inner bottom and the inner left and right sides of the frame prevent direct contact between the vehicle-side permanent magnets and the track-side electromagnets when the levitation force and guiding force are insufficient. Multiple suspension frames work together to support the train. The vehicle-side permanent magnets are distributed on the inner top, bottom, and inner sides of the suspension frames to provide passive levitation / guiding force. The position sensors are located inside or on one side of the track-side electromagnets to monitor the position of the vehicle-side permanent magnets and feed back to the power supply system. The power supply system is located on the ground and provides DC current to the track-side electromagnets. The power supply system has a control switch to control the working range of the track-side electromagnets based on the position sensor information.

[0006] The track-side electromagnet includes an iron core, several windings, and a mounting base. The mounting base surrounds the iron core and restricts its degrees of freedom. The windings are respectively located at the top, bottom, or left and right sides of the track beam. The windings can generate vertical and lateral magnetic fields. The vehicle-side permanent magnet and the windings are separated by a gap at corresponding positions through the repulsion of like poles. When the windings are energized, they generate a constant magnetic field, which generates an oblique electromagnetic force with the vehicle-side permanent magnet through the principle of like pole repulsion, achieving contactless force and traction between the two.

[0007] Furthermore, several mounting bases are provided with partitions on the front and rear sides of the winding, the partitions being used to fix and protect the iron core.

[0008] Furthermore, the coil axis of the track-side electromagnet is vertical, and the track-side electromagnet generates a vertical magnetic field. The magnetic field generated by the track-side electromagnet and the vehicle-side permanent magnet are arranged vertically and in opposite directions. When the track-side electromagnet is energized, the magnetic poles of the two have the same polarity. Based on the repulsion of like poles, an electromagnetic force is generated, thereby realizing the levitation of the vehicle.

[0009] When the vehicle is about to land, several windings of the track-side electromagnet discharge, thereby reducing the levitation force and allowing the vehicle to land. The skid contacts the track-side electromagnet to provide support.

[0010] The length of the track-side electromagnet is less than the length of the vehicle-side permanent magnet.

[0011] Furthermore, the repulsive force between the track-side electromagnet and the vehicle-side permanent magnet is negatively correlated with the air gap; when the suspension frame is disturbed by a vertical load, the air gap between the track-side electromagnet and the vehicle-side permanent magnet changes, and the repulsive force changes accordingly, causing the suspension frame to return to a stable equilibrium position, completing the passive control of the suspension gap, and the system closed-loop stability.

[0012] The interaction between the track-side electromagnet and the vehicle-side permanent magnet generates a transverse magnetic field, which enables stable guidance of the vehicle.

[0013] Furthermore, several windings of the electromagnet on the same track side are connected in series or in parallel, independently controlled using the same circuit structure, and jointly drive the vehicle to run.

[0014] The track-side electromagnets are laid out over a long distance along the vehicle's direction of travel, and multiple track-side electromagnets are combined to form a long stator; several windings of the track-side electromagnets are powered only when the vehicle-side permanent magnet passes by.

[0015] Furthermore, the track-side electromagnet is a single-winding or double-winding permanent magnet constraining a single vehicle side.

[0016] When the track-side electromagnet is a single winding constraining a single vehicle-side permanent magnet, the winding used for vehicle levitation is located below or above the vehicle-side permanent magnet, and the winding used for vehicle guidance is located to the left or right of the vehicle-side permanent magnet.

[0017] When the track-side electromagnet is a dual-winding constrained single vehicle-side permanent magnet, the windings used for vehicle levitation are located above and below the vehicle-side permanent magnet, and the windings used for vehicle guidance are located to the left and right of the vehicle-side permanent magnet.

[0018] Furthermore, several suspension frames are provided along the laying direction of the long stator, and these suspension frames are interconnected by a fixed structure; a safe distance is provided between two adjacent suspension frames to ensure operational safety, enabling the movement of multiple suspension frames.

[0019] Furthermore, the magnetic system of a maglev train can be a single or multiple trains, and the arrangement of the magnetic system depends on the site requirements and the train's load capacity.

[0020] When the magnetic system of a maglev train is set to a single line, the track-side electromagnets are based on multiple windings to form a single electromagnet core, with the number of windings being X.

[0021] When the magnetic system of a maglev train is set to multiple trains, the track-side electromagnets are composed of multiple electromagnet cores based on windings of less than X, which are connected by a fixed structure.

[0022] Furthermore, the suspension frame covers the track and the corresponding track-side electromagnets, and a number of vehicle-side permanent magnets are provided on the inner side of the frame.

[0023] Furthermore, the suspension frame is housed inside the track-side electromagnet, and several vehicle-side permanent magnets are arranged on the outer side of the frame.

[0024] Advantages of this invention: 1. Track-side electromagnets generate an induced magnetic field by applying a constant directional excitation current to the windings and utilizing the magnetic effect of the current. Numerous track-side electromagnets are arranged together along the vehicle's running direction to form the long stator of a linear motor.

[0025] 2. The magnetic field generated by the stator winding of the vehicle-side permanent magnet is aligned with the magnetic field of the vehicle-side permanent magnet, so that the two form a repulsive force, thereby achieving non-contact levitation and guidance of the suspension frame.

[0026] 3. Multiple vehicle-side permanent magnets are connected by a suspension frame to provide traction power together.

[0027] 4. The position sensor can collect the position information of the permanent magnet on the vehicle side at different times and feed it back to the power supply system. The power supply system controls the corresponding track-side electromagnets based on the position information to achieve short-term, low-energy operation.

[0028] 5. This invention achieves passive control of the system's levitation guidance based on the phased power supply of the track-side electromagnets and the repulsive force formed between the permanent magnets on the vehicle side, thus realizing the stable operation of the vehicle. At the same time, compared with conventional high-speed maglev, the system has fewer onboard devices and a smaller vehicle mass, achieving low-energy operation of the maglev system, which is both economical and sustainable. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the winding and corresponding vehicle-side permanent magnet used in the present invention for vehicle levitation; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the winding used for vehicle guidance and the corresponding vehicle-side permanent magnet of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention, showing the simultaneous operation of multiple vehicle-side permanent magnets; In the diagram: 1. Track-side electromagnet, 1-1. Iron core, 1-2. Winding, 1-3. Mounting base, 2. Vehicle-side permanent magnet, 3. Suspension frame, 3-1. Frame, 3-2. Skid. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention.

[0031] A magnetic force system for a maglev train integrating levitation guidance and traction includes track-side electromagnets 1, vehicle-side permanent magnets 2, a suspension frame 3, position sensors, and a power supply system. The track-side electromagnets 1 are arranged in a single or multiple rows, distributed longitudinally in a queue, and installed above, on both sides, and below the track. The suspension frame 3 includes a frame 3-1 and skids 3-2. Skids 3-2 are connected to the inner bottom and inner left and right sides of the frame 3-1. The skids prevent insufficient levitation and guidance force when the vehicle-side permanent magnets are not properly positioned. The train is supported by multiple suspension frames 3 through direct contact between the track-side electromagnet 1 and the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2. The vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 is distributed on the top, bottom, and both sides of the inner side of the suspension frame 3 to provide passive levitation / guiding force. A position sensor is located inside or on one side of the track-side electromagnet 1 to monitor the position of the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 and feed it back to the power supply system. The power supply system is located on the ground and provides DC current to the track-side electromagnet 1. The power supply system has a control switch that controls the working range of the track-side electromagnet 1 based on the position sensor information. The track-side electromagnet 1 and the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 are collectively referred to as a motor.

[0032] The track-side electromagnet 1 includes an iron core 1-1, several windings 1-2, and a mounting base 1-3. The mounting base 1-3 surrounds the iron core 1-1 and constrains the degrees of freedom of the iron core 1-1. The several windings 1-2 are respectively arranged at the top, bottom, or left and right sides of the track beam. The several windings 1-2 can generate vertical and horizontal magnetic fields. The vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 and the windings 1-2 are separated by a gap at corresponding positions through the repulsion of like magnetic poles. After the windings 1-2 are energized, they generate a constant magnetic field and generate an oblique electromagnetic force with the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 through the principle of like pole repulsion, realizing non-contact force and traction between the two.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 is an electromagnet or a superconducting magnet, it needs to be energized; when the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 is a permanent magnet, it does not need to be energized.

[0034] Several mounting bases 1-3 are provided with partitions on the front and rear sides of the winding 1-2, and the partitions are used to fix and protect the iron core 1-1.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coil axis of the track-side electromagnet 1 is set to be vertical, and the track-side electromagnet 1 generates a vertical magnetic field. The magnetic fields generated by the track-side electromagnet 1 and the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 are arranged vertically and in opposite directions. When the track-side electromagnet 1 is energized, the magnetic poles opposite to each other have the same polarity. Based on the repulsion of like poles, an electromagnetic force is generated, thereby realizing the levitation of the vehicle.

[0036] When the vehicle is about to land, several windings 1-2 of the track-side electromagnet 1 discharge, thereby reducing the levitation force and allowing the vehicle to land. The skid 3-2 contacts the track-side electromagnet 1 to provide support. A certain gap is maintained between the track-side electromagnet 1 and the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 during vehicle landing, thereby ensuring non-contact between the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 and the track-side electromagnet 1 and preventing collisions between them.

[0037] The length of the track-side electromagnet 1 is less than the length of the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2, ensuring that one vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 corresponds to the windings 1-2 of multiple track-side electromagnets 1. A position sensor can feed back the position information of the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 to the power supply system. The energizing time is set so that the magnetic field of the track-side electromagnet 1 lags behind the magnetic field of the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2, and the interaction force between them is converted into an oblique force. This oblique force can be decomposed into a normal component and a tangential component: the normal component is perpendicular to the track direction and maintains levitation guidance, while the tangential component is along the vehicle's travel direction, providing traction and propelling the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 forward.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the repulsive force between the track-side electromagnet 1 and the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 is negatively correlated with the air gap. When the suspension frame 3 is subjected to vertical load disturbance, the air gap between the track-side electromagnet 1 and the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 changes, and the repulsive force changes accordingly. If the air gap decreases (increases), the repulsive force between the stator and the rotor increases (increases), preventing the air gap from decreasing (increasing) further. Under the combined action of electromagnetic force and gravity, the suspension frame 3 returns to a stable equilibrium position, completing the passive control of the suspension gap. The system is closed-loop stable, and stable suspension can be achieved without additional control modules.

[0039] The interaction between the track-side electromagnet 1 and the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 generates a transverse magnetic field, which enables the vehicle to achieve stable guidance.

[0040] The windings can be arranged obliquely, enabling both levitation and guidance functions.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, several windings 1-2 of the same track-side electromagnet 1 are connected in series or in parallel, independently controlled by the same circuit structure, and jointly drive the vehicle to run. Each track-side electromagnet 1 only works when the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 passes by, and is immediately de-energized after leaving. Therefore, there is no need for long-distance and large-area power supply and high-frequency high-voltage converter.

[0042] The track-side electromagnets 1 are laid out over a long distance along the vehicle's running direction, and multiple track-side electromagnets 1 are combined to form a long stator; several windings 1-2 of the track-side electromagnets 1 are powered only when the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 passes by, the energizing time is short, the heat generated is less, and no cooling system is required.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the track-side electromagnet 1 is a single-winding or double-winding permanent magnet 2 constraining a single vehicle-side magnet.

[0044] When the track-side electromagnet 1 is a single winding constraining a single vehicle-side permanent magnet 2, the winding 1-2 used for vehicle levitation is located below or above the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2, and the winding 1-2 used for vehicle guidance is located on the left or right side of the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2. At this time, the winding 1-2 has a simple structure and saves materials.

[0045] When the track-side electromagnet 1 is a double-winding constrained single vehicle-side permanent magnet 2, the windings 1-2 used for vehicle levitation are located above and below the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2, and the windings 1-2 used for vehicle guidance are located on the left and right sides of the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2. At this time, the free movement space of the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 is small, and the train stability is good.

[0046] The windings 1-2 used for vehicle guidance not only perform the guiding function but also provide tangential force to provide traction force for the permanent magnets on the vehicle side.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the suspension frame 3 is provided with a plurality of suspension frames along the laying direction of the long stator, and the plurality of suspension frames are connected to each other by a fixed structure; a safe distance is provided between two adjacent suspension frames to ensure operational safety, and multiple suspension frames can move. When the electromagnet 1 on the front track side works to drive the front suspension frame, it has little or no impact on the rear suspension frame.

[0048] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic system of the maglev train can be a single or multiple trains, and the arrangement of the magnetic system of the maglev train is determined according to the site requirements and the train's load requirements.

[0049] When the magnetic system of the maglev train is set to a single line, the track-side electromagnet 1 is based on multiple windings to form a single electromagnet core, and the number of windings is X.

[0050] When the magnetic system of a maglev train is set to multiple trains, the track-side electromagnet 1 is composed of multiple electromagnet cores based on windings with a number less than X, and connected by a fixed structure.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the frame 3-1 of the suspension frame 3 covers the track and the corresponding track-side electromagnet 1, and a plurality of vehicle-side permanent magnets 2 are provided on the inner side of the frame 3-1.

[0052] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the frame 3-1 of the suspension frame 3 is disposed inside the track-side electromagnet 1, and a plurality of vehicle-side permanent magnets 2 are disposed on the outer side of the frame 3-1.

[0053] Example 1: In this embodiment 1, the frame 3-1 of the suspension frame 3 is sleeved outside the electromagnet 1 on the track side, and is a "car-wrapped-rail" type structure, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, it includes a track-side electromagnet 1, a vehicle-side permanent magnet 2, a suspension frame 3, a position sensor, and a power supply system. The track-side electromagnet 1 has a single winding 1-2 with a "convex" structure, and multiple windings 1-2 share the same iron core. The position sensor is connected to an external power supply system, forming a circuit system. Multiple vehicle-side permanent magnets 2 are fixed by the frame 3-1 of the suspension frame 3. The suspension frame 3 is fitted outside the track-side electromagnet 1 to prevent derailment.

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown, the winding 1-2 of the track-side electromagnet 1 used for vehicle levitation and the corresponding vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 can be one or more sets. One set of winding 1-2 of the track-side electromagnet 1 used for vehicle levitation consists of double coils forming a "U"-shaped structure. Setting the magnetic field directions of the two to be opposite can enhance the magnetic field strength, increase the electromagnetic force, and improve the levitation ability of the system.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, the windings 1-2 of the track-side electromagnet 1 used for vehicle guidance and the corresponding vehicle-side permanent magnets 2 can be one or more sets. Each set of windings 1-2 of the track-side electromagnet 1 used for vehicle guidance consists of a single coil, forming a transverse "convex" structure with a transverse magnetic field direction. This magnetic field, together with the corresponding vehicle-side permanent magnet 2, creates an electromagnetic field, generating electromagnetic force to achieve the guiding function. The length of the track-side electromagnet 1 is less than the length of the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2, ensuring that one vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 corresponds to multiple windings 1-2 of the track-side electromagnet 1. The position sensor on the track-side electromagnet 1 can feed back the position information of the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 to the power supply system. By setting the energizing time so that the magnetic field of the track-side electromagnet 1 lags behind the magnetic field of the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2, the interaction force between the two will be converted into an oblique force, such as... Figure 5As shown. This oblique force can be decomposed into a normal component and a tangential component: the normal component is perpendicular to the track direction and maintains the levitation guidance, while the tangential component is along the vehicle's travel direction, providing traction and propelling the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 forward. The windings 1-2 used for vehicle guidance, while fulfilling the guidance function, also provide a tangential component. Multiple track-side electromagnets 1 work synchronously, improving traction capability. When the front and rear vehicle-side permanent magnets 2 on a train are working on the same section of track-side electromagnets 1, a certain safety gap is left between them. At this time, the front track-side electromagnet 1 will not generate a repulsive force on the rear vehicle-side permanent magnet 2, thus not affecting the motor's traction efficiency. At the same time, it allows the track-side electromagnets 1 a certain discharge time, without affecting subsequent work. The windings 1-2 of the track-side electromagnets 1 in this magnetic system are controlled by a single circuit. Each winding 1-2 receives DC power through series or parallel connection, and the on / off state is directly controlled by a switch, thus eliminating the need for long-distance, large-area power supply.

[0056] Example 2: In this embodiment 2, the track-side electromagnet 1 is designed with a hexagonal structure, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the track-side electromagnet windings 1-2 are arranged obliquely on the side. Therefore, when they work, the repulsive force between them and the vehicle-side permanent magnet 2 is oblique, and their vertical component and guiding component respectively complete the levitation and guiding functions.

[0057] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can still adjust the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Therefore, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A magnetic system for a maglev train that integrates levitation guidance and traction, characterized in that: The system includes track-side electromagnets (1), vehicle-side permanent magnets (2), a suspension frame (3), position sensors, and a power supply system. The track-side electromagnets (1) are arranged in a single or multiple rows, and are distributed longitudinally in a queue, installed above, on both sides, and below the track. The suspension frame (3) includes a frame (3-1) and skids (3-2). The inner bottom and inner left and right sides of the frame (3-1) are connected to the skids (3-2). The inner bottom and left and right sides of the frame (3-1) are connected to the skids to prevent the vehicle-side permanent magnets (2) and track-side electromagnets from being disconnected due to insufficient levitation force and guiding force. The direct contact between the iron (1) and the joint support of multiple suspension frames (3) enable the train to be carried. The vehicle-side permanent magnets (2) are distributed on the top, bottom and two sides of the inner side of the suspension frame (3) to provide passive suspension / guiding force. The position sensor is set inside or on one side of the track-side electromagnet (1) to monitor the position of the vehicle-side permanent magnet (2) and feed it back to the power supply system. The power supply system is set on the ground and provides DC current to the track-side electromagnet (1). The power supply system is equipped with a control switch to control the working range of the track-side electromagnet (1) based on the position sensor information. The track-side electromagnet (1) includes an iron core (1-1), several windings (1-2), and a mounting base (1-3). The mounting base (1-3) surrounds the iron core (1-1) and constrains the degrees of freedom of the iron core (1-1). The several windings (1-2) are respectively set on the top, bottom, or left and right sides of the track beam. The several windings (1-2) can generate vertical and horizontal magnetic fields. The vehicle-side permanent magnet (2) and the windings (1-2) have a gap at corresponding positions through the repulsion of like magnetic poles. After the windings (1-2) are energized, they generate a constant magnetic field and generate oblique electromagnetic force with the vehicle-side permanent magnet (2) through the principle of like pole repulsion, so as to realize non-contact force and traction between the two.

2. The magnetic system for a maglev train integrating suspension guidance and traction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Several mounting bases (1-3) are provided with partitions on the front and rear sides of the winding (1-2), and the partitions are used to fix and protect the iron core (1-1).

3. The magnetic system for a maglev train integrating suspension guidance and traction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The coil axis of the track-side electromagnet (1) is vertical. The track-side electromagnet (1) generates a vertical magnetic field. The magnetic fields generated by the track-side electromagnet (1) and the vehicle-side permanent magnet (2) are arranged vertically and in opposite directions. When the track-side electromagnet (1) is energized, the magnetic poles opposite to each other have the same polarity. Based on the repulsion of like poles, electromagnetic force is generated, thereby realizing the levitation of the vehicle. When the vehicle is about to land, several windings (1-2) of the track-side electromagnet (1) discharge, thereby reducing the levitation force and allowing the vehicle to land. The skid (3-2) contacts the track-side electromagnet (1) to provide support. The length of the track-side electromagnet (1) is less than the length of the vehicle-side permanent magnet (2).

4. The magnetic system for a maglev train integrating suspension guidance and traction as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The repulsive force between the track-side electromagnet (1) and the vehicle-side permanent magnet (2) is negatively correlated with the air gap. When the suspension frame (3) is disturbed by a vertical load, the air gap between the track-side electromagnet (1) and the vehicle-side permanent magnet (2) changes, and the repulsive force changes accordingly, so that the suspension frame (3) returns to a stable equilibrium position, completing the passive control of the suspension gap, and the system closed-loop is stable. The track-side electromagnet (1) interacts with the vehicle-side permanent magnet (2) to generate a transverse magnetic field, which can realize the stable guidance function of the vehicle.

5. The magnetic system for a maglev train integrating suspension guidance and traction according to claim 4, characterized in that: Several windings (1-2) of the same track-side electromagnet (1) are connected in series or in parallel, independently controlled by the same circuit structure, and jointly drive the vehicle to run; The track-side electromagnets (1) are laid out over a long distance along the vehicle's running direction, and multiple track-side electromagnets (1) are combined to form a long stator; several windings (1-2) of the track-side electromagnets (1) are powered only when the vehicle-side permanent magnet (2) passes by.

6. The magnetic system for a maglev train integrating suspension guidance and traction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The track-side electromagnet (1) is a single-winding or double-winding permanent magnet (2) that constrains a single vehicle side. When the track-side electromagnet (1) is a single winding constraining a single vehicle-side permanent magnet (2), the winding (1-2) for vehicle levitation is located below or above the vehicle-side permanent magnet (2), and the winding (1-2) for vehicle guidance is located to the left or right of the vehicle-side permanent magnet (2). When the track-side electromagnet (1) is a double-winding constrained single vehicle-side permanent magnet (2), the windings (1-2) for vehicle levitation are located above and below the vehicle-side permanent magnet (2), and the windings (1-2) for vehicle guidance are located on the left and right sides of the vehicle-side permanent magnet (2).

7. The magnetic system for a maglev train integrating suspension guidance and traction as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The suspension frame (3) is provided in several directions along the long stator. The several suspension frames (3) are connected to each other through a fixed structure. A safe distance is provided between two adjacent suspension frames (3) to ensure safe operation. Multiple suspension frames (3) can move.

8. The magnetic system for a maglev train integrating suspension guidance and traction according to claim 7, characterized in that: The magnetic system of a maglev train can be a single or multiple trains, and the arrangement of the magnetic system depends on the site requirements and the train's load capacity. When the magnetic system of the maglev train is set to a single line, the track-side electromagnet (1) is based on multiple windings to form a single electromagnet core, and the number of windings is X; When the magnetic system of a maglev train is set to multiple trains, the track-side electromagnets (1) are composed of multiple electromagnet cores based on windings with a number less than X, and are connected by a fixed structure.

9. The magnetic system for a maglev train integrating suspension guidance and traction as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The frame (3-1) of the suspension frame (3) covers the outside of the track and the corresponding track-side electromagnet (1), and a number of vehicle-side permanent magnets (2) are provided on the inner side of the frame (3-1).

10. The magnetic force system for a maglev train integrating suspension guidance and traction according to claim 8, characterized in that: The frame (3-1) of the suspension frame (3) is set inside the track-side electromagnet (1), and a number of vehicle-side permanent magnets (2) are set on the outside of the frame (3-1).

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