Sample capsule conveying device based on speed reduction and whole-course reciprocating

Abstract

The invention discloses a sample capsule conveying device based on speed reduction and whole-course round-trip. The sample capsule conveying device comprises a whole-course round-trip unit arranged between a sample irradiation point and a sample rotating disc. The first speed reducing mechanism is arranged close to the sample irradiation point; the second speed reducing mechanism is arranged close to the sample turntable; the whole-course reciprocating unit is provided with a sample capsule conveying pipeline and three branch pipelines, including a first speed reducing pipeline, a back flushing pipeline and a second speed reducing pipeline; gas flow is back-blown through the back-blowing pipeline to directly push residual sample capsules in the pipeline back to a starting point, and meanwhile, gas is discharged to a waste gas concentration position at a gas source air compressor through the first speed reduction pipeline, the second speed reduction pipeline and the back-blowing pipeline; the first and second speed reducing mechanisms close the branch air pipe to increase the air pressure of the sample capsule conveying pipeline, so that the speed reducing process before the sample capsule reaches a target point is realized. The problem that a sample is prone to damage is solved through active speed reduction and passive damping, and durability and stability of a power source are guaranteed through the design of gas recovery.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of isotope material irradiation transmission process of nuclear fusion, and particularly relates to a sample capsule transmission device based on deceleration and full-cycle round trip. BACKGROUND

[0002] The full-automatic full-cycle reciprocating rabbit system can be used for activation and analysis of carbon capsule samples, the "activation" is irradiation of the carbon capsule samples, the "analysis" is transportation of the samples after irradiation to a sample monitoring point for detection and analysis, and the "full-cycle reciprocation" means that the processes of "activation" and "analysis" adopt a cycle reciprocation process. Assuming that a sample irradiation point of a dummy carbon capsule is at A and a sample detection point is at B, after irradiation at the A point, the sample is returned to the B point, after detection at the B point, the sample is returned to the A point again for irradiation and detection, and the irradiation and analysis are completed in a set time range.

[0003] Compared with the full-automatic full-cycle reciprocating rabbit system and the semi-automatic single-pass rabbit system, the design difficulty of the full-automatic full-cycle reciprocating rabbit system lies in that:

[0004] 1. The brittleness of the sample material puts forward higher requirements for deceleration control. The carbon capsule sample of the full-automatic full-cycle reciprocating rabbit system is not hard enough and is relatively easy to break, and there is no protective shell during transportation, which is afraid of impact. The carbon capsule sample is not provided with a metal protective shell because it needs to be exposed to the sample irradiation point and the sample monitoring point to perform "activation" and "analysis". If a protective shell is added, special automatic shell unloading and automatic shell loading equipment is needed. In comparison, the irradiation sample of the semi-automatic single-pass rabbit system cannot be broken during transportation because the irradiation sample is provided with a metal protective shell and the protective shell is manually loaded and unloaded, such as the technical solution of a kind of pneumatic sample transportation device based on deceleration and positioning in application No. 2024107205468, the invention is named. The sample transportation device is specially added, at the starting point, the target material to be irradiated is manually placed into the sample transportation device, and at the target point, the irradiated target material is manually taken out of the sample transportation device. The full-automatic full-cycle reciprocating rabbit system does not have a manual link, so the carbon capsule sample can only be transported in an exposed manner.

[0005] 2. The closed space and the repeated use of gas are contradictory. The conventional semi-automatic single-pass rabbit system is a single-pass operation from one end to the other end, and there is no problem of gas becoming thinner with use in the pneumatic system. The problem of insufficient gas in the closed space of the full-automatic full-cycle reciprocating rabbit system is highlighted: because there is no condition for additional gas in the closed space, and the gas is used many times in the full-cycle reciprocation, the air around the air compressor becomes less and less and thinner and thinner. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention proposes a sample capsule transport device based on deceleration and full-process reciprocating motion. The first objective is to solve the problem that the sample material in a fully automatic full-process reciprocating rabbit-running system is not hard enough and is relatively easy to break during transportation. The second objective is to solve the problem that the sealed space and repeated use of gas in a fully automatic full-process reciprocating rabbit-running system contradict each other, resulting in the gas around the compressor becoming increasingly thin with each use.

[0007] To solve its technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A sample capsule transport device based on deceleration and a round-trip system is characterized by: a round-trip unit positioned between the capsule irradiation point and the sample turntable; a first deceleration mechanism positioned near the capsule irradiation point; a second deceleration mechanism positioned near the sample turntable; and a control system. The round-trip unit includes a sample transport pipeline and three branch pipelines: the first and second branch pipelines are located within the first deceleration mechanism near the capsule irradiation point, and the third branch pipeline is located within the second deceleration mechanism near the sample turntable. The first branch pipeline is used for venting the sample capsule before deceleration in the irradiation deceleration zone, shutting off the solenoid valve during deceleration, and receiving backflushing gas after irradiation. The second branch pipeline is used for venting the sample capsule before deceleration in the irradiation deceleration zone and receiving backflushing gas after irradiation. The third branch pipeline is used for venting the sample capsule before deceleration in the sample turntable deceleration zone and shutting off the solenoid valve during deceleration. A solenoid valve; the control system controls the backflush airflow of the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe to directly push the irradiated sample capsule in the pipe back to the sample turntable (4) at the starting point, and the sample turntable at the starting point realizes the automatic replacement of the capsule to be irradiated and the irradiated capsule; the control system controls the first branch pipe (2-1), the second branch pipe (2-2), and the third branch pipe (2-3) to discharge gas to the vicinity of the air source air compressor (5) to realize the reuse of gas near the air source air compressor (5); the first deceleration mechanism and the second deceleration mechanism increase the air pressure of the sample capsule transmission pipe by closing the solenoid valve to realize the deceleration process of the sample capsule before reaching the target point, the target point being the capsule irradiation point (3) and the sample turntable (4), the sample transmission pipe (1) being made of stainless steel; the full-process round-trip unit is the full-process round-trip unit of the activated area of ​​the fully automatic round-trip sample capsule transmission system.

[0009] Furthermore, the sample capsule transfer pipe (1) consists of a straight pipe that descends vertically and a straight pipe that ascends vertically, and a curved pipe. The curvature of the curved pipe is set to allow the sample capsule to pass through smoothly.

[0010] Furthermore, in the full-process round-trip unit, after the sample is irradiated at the sample irradiation point (3), the first branch pipe (2-1) and the second branch pipe (2-2) simultaneously provide aerodynamic force at the bottom of the sample capsule at the sample irradiation point, and the sample returns to the sample turntable through the transmission pipe along the original path.

[0011] Furthermore, the first deceleration mechanism near the sample irradiation point is provided with a final-stage curved pipe and a final-stage straight pipe in sequence near the sample irradiation point; a pair of position sensors are provided at both ends of the final-stage curved pipe, including a first position sensor (7-1) and a second position sensor (7-2); a first branch pipe (2-1) and a second branch pipe (2-2) are provided at both ends of the final-stage straight pipe in sequence; before the sample capsule reaches the first position sensor (7-1), the gas in the sample capsule transmission pipe (1) is simultaneously discharged from the first branch pipe (2-1) and the second branch pipe (2-2) to the vicinity of the air source air compressor (5) to facilitate the reuse of the air compressor; when the sample capsule reaches the first position sensor (7-1), the solenoid valve of the first branch pipe (2-1) is quickly closed, the air pressure at the sample irradiation point (3) increases instantaneously, forcing the sample capsule to decelerate rapidly, reducing the impact on the sample capsule when it reaches the irradiation point.

[0012] Furthermore, the second deceleration mechanism near the sample turntable (4) is provided with a first curved pipe and a first straight pipe in sequence near the sample turntable; a pair of sensor position detections are provided at both ends of the first curved pipe, including a third position sensor (7-3) and a fourth position sensor (7-4); a third branch pipe (2-3) is provided at one end of the first straight pipe near the sample turntable; before the sample capsule reaches the third position sensor (7-3) along the return path, the gas in the sample capsule transmission pipe (1) is discharged from the third branch pipe (2-3) to the exhaust gas concentration point at the air compressor. When the sample capsule passes the third position sensor (7-3) along the return path, the solenoid valve of the third branch pipe (2-3) closes quickly, and the air pressure at the sample turntable increases instantaneously, forcing the sample capsule to decelerate quickly and reducing the impact on the sample capsule when it reaches the sample turntable.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner diameter D of the pipe 管 =28mm=0.028m, capsule diameter D 囊 =26mm=0.026m, capsule mass m=50g=0.05kg, gravity mg=0.05×9.8=0.49N;

[0014] Effective area of ​​capsule end face The coefficient of friction μ = 0.2, and the frictional resistance F 摩 =μmg=0.098N; Length of vertical ascent segment h up=10m, the length of the vertical descent segment from 28 to 30m is s = 2m; the initial velocity of the capsule entering the descent segment is v0 = 2m / s, and the final velocity of the target is v1 = 0.2m / s; the inner diameter of the second branch pipe is d2 = 10mm = 0.01m, the length is L2 = 30m, and the aerodynamic viscosity is μ g =1.8×10 -5 Pa·s.

[0015] The sample capsule only needs an air pressure of 1108 Pa to operate normally in the transport pipeline. The air pressure difference required for deceleration is approximately 833 Pa. The air pressure difference ΔP of the sample before reaching the endpoint is... 排 It can reach 2388 Pa, due to ΔP 实 >>ΔP 减 The actual pressure difference is much greater than the value required for deceleration, which is sufficient to decelerate the sample capsule and complete a slow descent.

[0016] Furthermore, a spring damping device is installed in the sample irradiation point and the sample turntable. When the sample capsule falls to the sample irradiation point or returns to the sample turntable, the spring damping device can absorb the collision vibration, making the sample landing more stable.

[0017] Furthermore, the sample capsule transport pipeline includes two sets: a first transport pipeline and a second transport pipeline, which correspond to the first irradiation point and the second irradiation point, respectively.

[0018] Advantages and effects of the present invention

[0019] 1. This invention achieves active deceleration of the sample before it arrives by setting a two-stage deceleration mechanism at key locations (irradiation point, turntable) and controlling the branch gas pipe with a solenoid valve to increase the gas pressure in the pipe to generate resistance. This greatly reduces the impact force on the high-speed moving sample at the endpoint, significantly reduces the risk of sample breakage, and ensures the continuity of the experiment and the reliability of the data.

[0020] 2. This invention designs a gas recovery and reuse system that discharges used gas from various branch pipelines (such as deceleration branches and backflushing branches) to the exhaust gas collection point at the air compressor. This avoids the problem of "gas becoming increasingly rarefied" caused by repeated use of gas in a confined space, ensuring the stability of the air pressure in the entire pneumatic transmission system and fundamentally guaranteeing the long-term reliability of the system.

[0021] 3. This invention utilizes backflush airflow to directly push the residual sample in the pipeline back to the starting point, simplifying the return process, achieving a truly efficient "round trip", and shortening the sample transmission cycle.

[0022] 4. The present invention integrates a spring damping device at the sample irradiation point and inside the turntable as a passive protection, which, combined with the active deceleration mechanism, forms a double buffer, making the sample arrival more stable.

[0023] 5. This invention addresses the issue of sample fragility through a combination of "active deceleration + passive vibration reduction," while ensuring the long-term stability of the power source through a "gas recovery" design. Simultaneously, "backflushing" and "dual-pipe design" further optimize the overall system efficiency and processing capacity. These improvements give this system a significant competitive advantage over existing technologies in terms of reliability, stability, and efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the "activation zone" of the sample capsule transfer device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the irradiation points of the "activation zone" in the sample capsule transport device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the deceleration mechanism in the "activation zone" of the sample capsule transport device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the irradiation point damping mechanism of the sample capsule transport device of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sample turntable of the sample capsule transfer device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the irradiation point damping mechanism of the sample capsule transport device of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the "analysis zone" of a fully automated reciprocating sample capsule transfer device;

[0031] 1: Transmission pipe; 1-1: First transmission pipe; 1-2: Second transmission pipe; 2: Branch pipe; 2-1: First branch pipe; 2-2: Second branch pipe; 2-3: Third branch pipe; 3: Sample irradiation point; 3-1: First irradiation point; 3-2: Second irradiation point; 4: Sample turntable; 4-1: First sample turntable; 4-2: Second sample turntable; 5: Air source compressor; 6: Detection spectrometer; 6-1: First detection spectrometer; 6-2: Second detection spectrometer; 7: Position sensor; 7-1: First position sensor; 7-2: Second position sensor; 7-3: Third position sensor; 7-4: Fourth position sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Design principle of the invention

[0033] I. Design Challenges of this Invention

[0034] The challenge lies in how to achieve controllable, smooth, and precise deceleration and stopping of an extremely fragile and sensitive sample within a high-speed, unprotected pneumatic transport system. This can be broken down into the following aspects:

[0035] 1. The core challenge: achieving a precise balance in deceleration is the biggest challenge in the entire system design. In the deceleration zone, a reverse air pressure needs to be applied to counteract the sample's enormous kinetic energy. The difficulty lies in the fact that the reverse air pressure must be large enough to reduce the sample from high speed (e.g., 10-20 m / s) to near zero speed over an extremely short distance. The risk is that if the reverse air pressure is too strong or the duration is too long, the sample may stop completely before reaching its destination, or even begin to move in the opposite direction, thus failing to reach the target point (irradiation point or receiving device). Therefore, the system must find a dynamic and precise balance between "effective deceleration" and "preventing reverse movement."

[0036] 2. Technical challenges at the implementation level: "Zero-boundary" control of the terminal velocity. The sample's velocity upon reaching the target point must be infinitely close to zero, but absolutely cannot be zero or negative. The goal is to allow the sample to arrive via "contact" rather than "impact," transferring the final trace of kinetic energy to the passive damping device at the endpoint (such as a spring or silicone), achieving a "soft landing." This requires extremely high precision in the calculation and control of the deceleration process.

[0037] 3. Synergistic Design of Active Deceleration and Passive Damping: This is a composite deceleration scheme combining active and passive methods. Active deceleration (pneumatic) handles the majority of the deceleration. Passive damping (mechanical) eliminates the final residual impact. The challenge lies in the perfect matching of their parameters: the deceleration effect generated in the deceleration zone must ensure that the sample arrives at a speed and energy that can be safely absorbed by the damping device. If the active deceleration is insufficient, the sample will impact the damper at excessive speed, potentially causing damage; if the active deceleration is excessive, it will lead to the aforementioned reverse motion problem.

[0038] 4. Damage-free transport of sensitive samples: Samples such as carbon capsules have no protective shell, and their structural integrity depends entirely on the smoothness of the transport process. Any minor design flaw, parameter deviation, or control delay may cause the sample to tumble, collide, or be impacted at the endpoint within the pipeline, resulting in breakage. This places extremely high demands on the reliability of the entire system.

[0039] 5. Systematic Calculation and Real-Time Control of Complex Parameters: Achieving precise deceleration relies on accurate control of multiple variables, including: the fit tolerance between the pipe inner diameter and the capsule diameter, the pressure and flow rate of compressed air, the response and closing timing of the solenoid valves, and dynamic friction forces that are difficult to quantify precisely. The challenge lies in the fact that these parameters are interdependent and must be systematically calculated through complex mathematical models and transformed into executable control commands (such as when and at what speed to close which solenoid valve).

[0040] II. Solutions to the Difficulties

[0041] 1. Core contradiction: Precise balance of deceleration force:

[0042] Solution: ① As described in claim 1, the system increases the internal air pressure of the pipeline by controlling the shut-off solenoid valves in the first and second deceleration mechanisms, thereby achieving active deceleration. ② Claims 4 and 5 further indicate that multiple high-precision position sensors (such as 7-1 to 7-4) can be used to monitor the capsule position in real time, and thereby accurately trigger the closing action of the solenoid valve. By precisely controlling the closing timing of the solenoid valve and the pipeline air pressure, the system can achieve a dynamic balance between effective braking and preventing rebound. In addition, ③ the theoretical calculations provided by claims 6 and 7 (required deceleration air pressure difference ≈ 833 Pa, actual available air pressure difference ΔPdischarge ≈ 2388 Pa) theoretically confirm that this solution has sufficient deceleration capability to achieve a smooth and slow descent of the sample capsule.

[0043] 2. Specific implementation: Precise control of the terminal velocity to "approach zero"

[0044] Solution: To achieve near-zero end-velocity control, claims 4 and 5 describe the installation of bends and straight sections in the piping layout near the target point, equipped with position sensors. This system uses sensors to provide real-time feedback on the capsule position, thereby enabling millisecond-level precision control of the solenoid valves for accurate end-velocity regulation. Simultaneously, the control system mentioned in claim 1 coordinates the gas discharge from each branch pipeline (2-1, 2-2, 2-3) to the vicinity of the air compressor (5). This gas return and reuse mechanism also helps maintain stable system pressure, providing additional assurance for fine end-velocity control.

[0045] 3. Collaborative Design: Integration of Active Deceleration and Passive Damping

[0046] Solution: This solution adopts a combined strategy of "active pneumatic deceleration + passive mechanical damping". The active deceleration is completed by the aforementioned pneumatic system based on solenoid valves; as described in claim 8, spring damping devices are integrated inside the sample irradiation point (3) and the sample turntable (4) to absorb the residual kinetic energy after the capsule is in place. By optimizing the air pressure parameters and timing of the active deceleration, it is matched with the buffering characteristics of the passive damping device to ensure that the sample arrives at the target position smoothly and with low impact.

[0047] 4. Key safeguard: Non-destructive transportation of sensitive samples

[0048] Solution: To achieve damage-free transport of sensitive samples, the system is designed with considerations for both the transport path and the endpoint buffer. Claims 1 and 2 state that the transport pipe is made of smooth stainless steel, and the curvature of the bends is optimized to effectively reduce tumbling and collisions of the capsule during transport. At the endpoint, the spring damping device described in claim 8 absorbs the final impact energy, and these multiple measures work together to minimize the risk of sample damage.

[0049] 5. System Integration: Modeling and Real-time Control of Complex Parameters

[0050] Solution: Faced with complex system parameters, claim 6 provides key data including pipe inner diameter, capsule diameter and mass, and friction coefficient, laying the foundation for establishing an accurate mathematical model and dynamic simulation. Combined with the central control system described in claim 1, it can perform precise closed-loop control of actuators such as solenoid valves based on model calculation results and real-time sensor feedback, thereby achieving intelligent and real-time management of the entire deceleration and transportation process.

[0051] In summary, this invention constructs a highly efficient and reliable pneumatic active deceleration system through a position-sensing-based electromagnetic valve precision control strategy; simultaneously, a passive spring damping mechanism is cleverly integrated at the terminal. These two mechanisms work together to ensure precise deceleration, smooth positioning, and damage-free transport of the sample capsule during transit.

[0052] Based on the above principles, this invention designs a sample capsule transfer device based on deceleration and full-round round trip, such as... Figures 1-6As shown, its features include: a reciprocating unit positioned between the capsule irradiation point and the sample turntable; a first deceleration mechanism positioned near the capsule irradiation point; a second deceleration mechanism positioned near the sample turntable; and a control system. The reciprocating unit has one sample transfer pipe 1 and three branch pipes 2: the first branch pipe 2-1 and the second branch pipe 2-2 are located within the first deceleration mechanism near the capsule irradiation point, and the third branch pipe 2-3 is located within the second deceleration mechanism near the sample turntable. The first branch pipe 2-1 is used for venting the sample capsule before deceleration in the irradiation deceleration zone, shutting off the solenoid valve during deceleration, and receiving backflushing gas after irradiation. The second branch pipe 2-2 is used for venting the sample capsule before deceleration in the irradiation deceleration zone and receiving backflushing gas after irradiation. The third branch pipe 2-3 is used for... The system vents the sample capsule before it decelerates in the sample turntable deceleration zone and shuts off the solenoid valve during deceleration. The control system controls the backflush airflow in the first branch pipe 2-1 and the second branch pipe 2-2 to directly push the irradiated sample capsule back to the sample turntable 4 at the starting point. The sample turntable at the starting point enables automatic replacement of the irradiated capsule with the irradiated capsule. The control system also controls the first branch pipe 2-1, the second branch pipe 2-2, and the third branch pipe 2-3 to discharge gas to the vicinity of the air compressor 5, enabling the reuse of gas near the air compressor 5. The first and second deceleration mechanisms increase the air pressure in the sample capsule transmission pipeline by shutting off the solenoid valve, achieving a deceleration process before the sample capsule reaches the target point, which is the capsule irradiation point 3 and the sample turntable 4. The sample transmission pipeline 1 is made of stainless steel.

[0053] Supplementary Note 1

[0054] 1) The entire round-trip unit of the activation zone, such as Figure 1 As shown, "activation" refers to irradiating the sample capsule at the irradiation point, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the analytical zone is opposite the activation zone; the starting point between them is the sample turntable 4. The transmission pipeline of the activation zone is equipped with two deceleration mechanisms, one for the target point and one for the starting point. The transmission pipeline of the analytical zone is also equipped with two deceleration mechanisms, one for the target point and one for the starting point. The target points of the transmission pipeline of the activation zone are the first irradiation point 3-1 and the second irradiation point 3-2. The target points of the transmission pipeline of the analytical zone are the detection spectrometer 1 and the detection spectrometer 2.

[0055] 2) After sample capsule A is irradiated, it returns to the starting point sample turntable 4 and rotates 180 degrees to send sample capsule A to the detection spectrometer 1 and detection spectrometer 2 in the analysis area. After sample capsule A is analyzed, it returns to the sample turntable to wait for the next "activation". The magnetic field and irradiation time are different for each activation.

[0056] 3) After the sample turntable 4 sends the irradiated sample capsule A to the "analysis" area, it sends the next sample capsule B to the "activation area" for irradiation. This process is repeated to complete the fully automated round-trip sample capsule transfer task.

[0057] 4) The deceleration mechanism of the transmission pipeline in the activation zone is exactly the same as that in the transmission pipeline in the analysis zone. Therefore, the deceleration mechanism of the transmission pipeline in the analysis zone will not be described again in this embodiment.

[0058] Supplementary Note 2

[0059] 1) When the sample capsule is transferred to the sample irradiation point, the target point is sample irradiation point 3; when the sample capsule is irradiated and returns to the sample turntable, the target point is sample turntable 4.

[0060] 2) When the irradiated sample returns to the sample turntable, it is then transferred to the detection spectrometer 6 for detection. After the sample capsule is detected, it returns to the sample turntable for initialization. After initialization, it is transferred to the sample irradiation point for irradiation again. After irradiation, it is detected again and then irradiated again, and so on.

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, the sample capsule transfer pipe 1 consists of a straight pipe that descends vertically and a straight pipe that ascends vertically, and a curved pipe. The curvature of the curved pipe is set to allow the sample capsule to pass through smoothly.

[0062] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, in the full-process round-trip unit, after the sample is irradiated at the sample irradiation point 3, the first branch 2-1 and the second branch 2-2 simultaneously provide aerodynamic force at the bottom of the sample capsule at the sample irradiation point, and the sample returns to the sample turntable through the transmission pipeline.

[0063] like Figure 3 As shown, the first deceleration mechanism near the sample irradiation point is provided with a final-stage curved pipe and a final-stage straight pipe in sequence near the sample irradiation point; a pair of position sensors are provided at both ends of the final-stage curved pipe, including a first position sensor 7-1 and a second position sensor 7-2; a first branch 2-1 and a second branch 2-2 are provided at both ends of the final-stage straight pipe in sequence; before the sample capsule reaches the first position sensor 7-1, the gas in the sample capsule transmission pipe 1) is simultaneously discharged from the first branch pipe 2-1 and the second branch pipe 2-2 to the vicinity of the air source compressor 5, so that the air compressor can be reused. When the sample capsule reaches the first position sensor 7-1, the solenoid valve of the first branch pipe 2-1 is quickly closed, the air pressure at the sample irradiation point 3 increases instantaneously, forcing the sample capsule to decelerate rapidly, reducing the impact on the sample capsule when it reaches the irradiation point.

[0064] likeFigure 5 As shown, the second deceleration mechanism near the sample turntable 4 has a first curved pipe and a first straight pipe arranged sequentially near the sample turntable; a pair of position detection sensors are set at both ends of the first curved pipe, including a third position sensor 7-3 and a fourth position sensor 7-4; a third branch 2-3 is provided at one end of the first straight pipe near the sample turntable; before the sample capsule reaches the third position sensor 7-3 along the return path, the gas in the sample capsule transmission pipe 1 is discharged from the third branch 2-3 to the exhaust gas collection point at the air compressor; when the sample capsule passes the third position sensor 7-3 along the return path, the solenoid valve of the third branch 2-3 closes rapidly, the air pressure at the sample turntable increases instantaneously, forcing the sample capsule to decelerate rapidly, reducing the impact on the sample capsule when it reaches the sample turntable.

[0065] Pipe inner diameter D 管 =28mm=0.028m, capsule diameter D 囊 =26mm=0.026m, capsule mass m=50g=0.05kg, gravity mg=0.05×9.8=0.49N;

[0066] Effective area of ​​capsule end face The coefficient of friction μ = 0.2, and the frictional resistance F 摩 =μmg=0.098N; Length of vertical ascent segment h up =10m, the length of the vertical descent segment from 28 to 30m is s = 2m; the initial velocity of the capsule entering the descent segment is v0 = 2m / s, and the final velocity of the target is v1 = 0.2m / s; the inner diameter of the second branch pipe is d2 = 10mm = 0.01m, the length is L2 = 30m, and the aerodynamic viscosity is μ g =1.8×10 -5 Pa·s.

[0067] The sample capsule only needs an air pressure of 1108 Pa to operate normally in the transport pipeline. The air pressure difference required for deceleration is approximately 833 Pa. The air pressure difference ΔP of the sample before reaching the endpoint is... 排 It can reach 2388 Pa, due to ΔP 实 >>ΔP 减 The actual pressure difference is much greater than the value required for deceleration, which is sufficient to decelerate the sample capsule and complete a slow descent.

[0068] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, a spring damping device is installed in the sample irradiation point 3 and the sample turntable 4. When the sample capsule falls to the sample irradiation point or returns to the sample turntable, the spring damping device can absorb the collision vibration, making the sample more stable in place.

[0069] like Figure 1As shown, the sample capsule transfer pipeline 1 includes two sets: a first transfer pipeline 1-1 and a second transfer pipeline 1-2, with the first transfer pipeline 1-1 and the second transfer pipeline 1-2 corresponding to the first irradiation point 3-1 and the second irradiation point 3-2, respectively.

[0070] The cross-sectional area of ​​the sample capsule transmission pipe 1 is equal to the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the first branch pipe 2-1 and the second branch pipe 2-2.

[0071] Based on the above device, the present invention also designs a deceleration method for a fully automatic reciprocating sample capsule transfer device, characterized by the following steps:

[0072] Step 1: Set up two deceleration zones, one sample transfer pipeline 1, and three branch pipelines; the two deceleration zones are the irradiation deceleration zone and the return deceleration zone; the three branch pipelines include the first branch pipeline 2-1 and the second branch pipeline 2-2 of the irradiation deceleration zone, and the third branch pipeline 2-3 of the return deceleration zone.

[0073] Step 2: Before the sample enters the irradiation deceleration zone, exhaust gas is released from the first branch pipe 2-1 and the second branch pipe 2-2; the valve of the third branch pipe 2-3 is closed.

[0074] Step 3: After the sample enters the irradiation deceleration zone, the valve of the first branch pipe 2-1 is quickly closed, while the second branch pipe 2-2 continues to exhaust gas through the pressure difference ΔP. 实 >>ΔP 减 Achieve deceleration;

[0075] Step 4: After the sample is irradiated, the valve of the first branch pipeline 2-1 is changed from closed to open, and the valve of the third branch pipeline 2-3 is changed from closed to open; the first branch pipeline 2-1 and the second branch pipeline 2-2 backflush the sample transfer pipeline 1 with gas.

[0076] Step 5: Before the sample returns and enters the return deceleration zone, exhaust air from pipes 2-3 in the third branch.

[0077] Step 6: After the sample returns and enters the deceleration zone, the valves of the third branch pipeline 2-3 are quickly closed, and the air pressure at the sample turntable 4 increases instantaneously, forcing the sample capsule to decelerate rapidly and reducing the impact on the sample capsule when it reaches the sample turntable 4.

[0078] The third step involves the pressure difference ΔP 实 >>ΔP 减 To achieve deceleration, specifically:

[0079] 1) Set the basic parameters of the sample: pipe inner diameter D 管 Capsule diameter D 囊Capsule mass ma, gravity mg, effective area of ​​capsule end face S, coefficient of friction μ, frictional resistance F 摩 Length h of the vertical ascending segment up 28-30m vertical descent length s, initial velocity v0 of the capsule entering the descent phase, target final velocity v1, inner diameter d2 of the second branch pipe, length L2, aerodynamic viscosity μ g ;

[0080] 2) Calculate the initial inlet gas pressure P of the first branch pipeline 2-1 based on the basic parameters. 入 ;

[0081] 3) Calculate the instantaneous change in air pressure ΔP in front of the capsule after the first branch pipe 2-1 is closed. 排 ;

[0082] 4) Verification of deceleration effect and calculation of air pressure difference.

[0083] Step 3, process 1), involves setting the basic parameters of the sample, specifically as follows:

[0084] Pipe inner diameter D 管 =28mm=0.028m;

[0085] Capsule diameter D 囊 =26mm=0.026m;

[0086] The capsule's mass, ma = 50g = 0.05kg;

[0087] Gravity mg = 0.05 × 9.8 = 0.49 N;

[0088] Effective area of ​​capsule end face

[0089] The coefficient of friction μ = 0.2;

[0090] Frictional resistance F 摩 =μmg=0.098N;

[0091] Vertical ascending segment length h up =10m;

[0092] The length of the vertical descent segment from 28 to 30 meters is s = 2 meters;

[0093] The capsule enters the descent phase with an initial velocity of v0 = 2 m / s;

[0094] The target's final velocity is v1 = 0.2 m / s;

[0095] The inner diameter of the second branch pipeline is d2 = 10 mm = 0.01 m;

[0096] Length L2 = 30m;

[0097] Aerodynamic viscosity μ g =1.8×10 -5 Pa·s.

[0098] In step 3, process 2), the initial inlet gas pressure P of the first branch pipeline 2-1 is calculated based on the basic parameters. 入 Specifically, when the capsule moves at a constant speed during the vertical ascent, the air pressure thrust needs to balance the gravity and frictional resistance. The force balance equation is: P 入 S = mg + F 摩 The initial inlet pressure is obtained by deformation:

[0099] This pressure is a gauge pressure relative to atmospheric pressure, which ensures that the capsule passes through the ascent section at a constant speed and reaches a depth of 28m.

[0100] In step three, the instantaneous change in air pressure ΔP in front of the capsule is calculated after the first branch pipe (2-1) is closed. 排 The specific steps are as follows:

[0101] ① Calculate the rate of change of gas volume Q when the capsule is compressed;

[0102] ② Calculate the pressure difference ΔP between the front and rear ends of the capsule. 排 ;

[0103] ③ Calculate the instantaneous air pressure P at the front end of the capsule. 前 ;

[0104] ④ Actual air pressure difference ΔP 排 Greater than

[0105] In step 3, process 2), the calculation of the volume change rate Q of the gas squeezed by the capsule is as follows: the instantaneous volume compression rate of the capsule during the descent is equal to its kinematic volume flow rate.

[0106] Q = S 环 ·v0

[0107] The area of ​​the annular gap is:

[0108]

[0109] Substituting v0 = 2 m / s, we get Q = 8.478 × 10 -5 ×2=1.6956×10 -4 m 3 / s.

[0110] Step 2) of the third process involves calculating the pressure difference ΔP between the front and rear ends of the capsule core. 排 The details are as follows:

[0111] i. The laminar flow friction resistance of the second branch pipe satisfies the Hagen-Poiseuille law, and the required pressure difference for exhaust is:

[0112] Supplementary Note 3

[0113] A. The basic form of Hagen-Poiseuille's law

[0114] For laminar flow inside a circular tube, the basic formula for pressure drop along the pipe is: in:

[0115] -μ: Dynamic viscosity of the fluid (here, the exhaust gas is represented by μ). g express)

[0116] -L: Pipe length (here, L2)

[0117] -v: Average flow velocity of the fluid inside the pipe

[0118] -r: Pipe radius

[0119] B. Replace radius with pipe diameter

[0120] Pipe radius (d2 is the inner diameter of the pipe), substitute it into the basic formula:

[0121] C. Replace flow velocity v with volumetric flow rate Q.

[0122] The relationship between volumetric flow rate Q and flow velocity v is Q = v·A, where the pipe cross-sectional area A =

[0123] therefore

[0124] Substituting v into the pressure drop formula from the previous step:

[0125] The target formula is obtained by merging and simplifying.

[0126] First calculate the numerical term 32 × 4 = 128, then rearrange the d2 term in the denominator: The denominator of the formula in the question is The original expression can be written in division form as follows:

[0127] ii. Substitute numerical values ​​for calculation:

[0128] denominator Molecular weight 32 × 1.8 × 10 -5 ×30×1.6956×10 -4 =32 × 9.15624 × 10 -8 =2.930×10-6 Pa·m 3 / s;

[0129] iii

[0130] Step 3, process 2), step ③: Calculate the instantaneous air pressure P at the front end of the capsule. 前 The details are as follows:

[0131] Before the first branch pipe (2-1) is closed, the gas in front of the capsule can be discharged from the first branch pipe (2-1), and the gas pressure is equal to the inlet gas pressure P. 入 After the first branch pipe (2-1) is closed, gas can only be discharged from the second branch pipe (2-2). The exhaust resistance causes the gas in front to be compressed, and the instantaneous increase in gas pressure is equal to the exhaust resistance pressure difference ΔP. 排 Therefore, the instantaneous air pressure P in front of the capsule 前 =P 入 +ΔP 排 =1108+2388=3496Pa, where 3496Pa is the reverse air pressure of the capsule front end relative to the rear end. At this time, the air pressure at the capsule front end is -3496Pa, and the air pressure at the capsule rear end is 1108. The resultant force of the capsule front end and rear end is negative, and the resultant force is -2388Pa. Since the absolute value of the resultant force 2388 is greater than the air pressure at the capsule rear end 1108, deceleration can be effectively achieved.

[0132] Therefore, the capsule undergoes a decelerating motion.

[0133] The verification of the deceleration effect and the calculation of the air pressure difference in step 3, process 4) are as follows:

[0134] 1) The air pressure difference required for deceleration (force balance method) can be obtained from the kinematic equations to calculate the deceleration acceleration. The capsule experiences a downward gravitational force mg and an upward frictional resistance F during the descent. 摩 Upward air pressure difference resistance F 差 =ΔP 减 The force equilibrium equation for S is:

[0135] ΔP 减 ·S+F 摩 -mg=ma is transformed to obtain the air pressure difference required for deceleration:

[0136]

[0137] 2) Comparison of actual air pressure difference and deceleration requirement: After the exhaust pipe is closed, the actual air pressure difference ΔP between the front and rear of the capsule is... 实 =P 前 -P 入 =2388Pa; due to ΔP 实 >>ΔP 减The actual air pressure difference is much greater than the value required for deceleration, and it can definitely play a role in deceleration.

[0138] The capsule enters the descent phase with an initial velocity v0 and a target terminal velocity v1 in the same direction, and the target terminal velocity v1 is greater than 0.

[0139] It should be emphasized that the above specific embodiments are merely explanations of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to the above embodiments without contributing any inventive step, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A sample capsule transport device based on deceleration and full round trip, characterized by: The full round-trip unit is arranged between the capsule irradiation point and the sample turntable. The first deceleration mechanism is arranged near the capsule irradiation point, the second deceleration mechanism is arranged near the sample turntable, and the control system is arranged; the full round-trip unit is provided with a sample transmission pipeline (1) and three branch pipelines (2): the first branch pipeline (2-1) and the second branch pipeline (2-2) are arranged in the first deceleration mechanism near the capsule irradiation point, and the third branch pipeline (2-3) is arranged in the second deceleration mechanism near the sample turntable; the first branch pipeline (2-1) is used for exhaust before the sample capsule reaches the irradiation deceleration area, turns off the electromagnetic valve during deceleration, and back blows the gas after irradiation; the second branch pipeline (2-2) is used for exhaust before the sample capsule reaches the irradiation deceleration area and back blows the gas after irradiation; the third branch pipeline (2-3) is used for exhaust before the sample capsule reaches the sample turntable deceleration area and turns off the electromagnetic valve during deceleration; the control system controls the back flow of the first branch pipeline (2-1) and the second branch pipeline (2-2), directly pushes the sample capsule in the pipeline back to the sample turntable (4) at the starting point after irradiation, and realizes automatic replacement of the sample capsule to be irradiated and the sample capsule that has been irradiated by the sample turntable at the starting point; the control system controls the first branch pipeline (2-1), the second branch pipeline (2-2) and the third branch pipeline (2-3) to discharge gas to the air compressor (5) nearby, so as to realize the reuse of the gas near the air compressor (5); the first deceleration mechanism and the second deceleration mechanism turn off the electromagnetic valve, increase the air pressure of the sample capsule transmission pipeline, realize the deceleration process of the sample capsule before reaching the target point, and the target point is the capsule irradiation point (3) and the sample turntable (4); the sample transmission pipeline (1) is made of stainless steel; the full round-trip unit is a full-automatic round-trip sample capsule transmission system activation area full round-trip unit.

2. The sample capsule transport device based on deceleration and full round trip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample transmission pipeline (1) is composed of straight pipelines and elbow pipelines that vertically descend and vertically ascend, and the curvature of the elbow pipeline is set to be an arc that can smoothly pass through the sample capsule.

3. The sample capsule transport device based on deceleration and full round trip according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the sample capsule completes irradiation at the sample irradiation point (3), the first branch pipeline (2-1) and the second branch pipeline (2-2) simultaneously provide pneumatic force at the bottom of the sample capsule at the sample irradiation point, the sample passes through the transmission pipeline to return to the sample turntable.

4. The sample capsule transport device based on deceleration and full round trip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first deceleration mechanism near the sample irradiation point, a final-stage curved pipe and a final-stage straight pipe are sequentially arranged near the sample irradiation point; a pair of position sensors, including a first position sensor (7-1) and a second position sensor (7-2), are arranged at the two ends of the final-stage curved pipe; a first branch pipe (2-1) and a second branch pipe (2-2) are sequentially arranged at the two ends of the final-stage straight pipe; before the sample capsule reaches the first position sensor (7-1), the gas in the sample transmission pipe (1) is simultaneously discharged from the first branch pipe (2-1) and the second branch pipe (2-2) to the vicinity of the air source air compressor (5); when the sample capsule reaches the first position sensor (7-1), the electromagnetic valve of the first branch pipe (2-1) is quickly closed, the air pressure at the sample irradiation point (3) is instantaneously increased, and the sample capsule is forced to rapidly decelerate, thereby reducing the impact on the sample capsule when it reaches the irradiation point.

5. The sample capsule transport device based on deceleration and full round trip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second deceleration mechanism near the sample turntable (4), a first curved pipe and a first straight pipe are sequentially arranged near the sample turntable; a pair of sensor position detectors, including a third position sensor (7-3) and a fourth position sensor (7-4), are arranged at the two ends of the first curved pipe; a third branch pipe (2-3) is arranged at one end of the first straight pipe near the sample turntable; before the sample capsule reaches the third position sensor (7-3) along the return path, the gas in the sample transmission pipe (1) is discharged from the third branch pipe (2-3) to the waste gas collection place near the air compressor; when the sample capsule passes through the third position sensor (7-3) along the return path, the electromagnetic valve of the third branch pipe (2-3) is quickly closed, the air pressure at the sample turntable is instantaneously increased, and the sample capsule is forced to rapidly decelerate, thereby reducing the impact on the sample capsule when it reaches the sample turntable point.

6. The sample capsule transport device based on deceleration and full round trip according to claim 1, characterized in that: Diameter of the pipe D 管 = 28 mm = 0.028 m, capsule diameter D 囊 = 26 mm = 0.026 m, capsule mass m = 50 g = 0.05 kg, gravitational force mg = 0.05 x 9.8 = 0.49 N; Capsule end face effective area Friction coefficient μ = 0.2, friction resistance F 摩 = μmg = 0.098 N; vertical upward section length h up = 10 m, 28-30 m vertical downward section length s = 2 m; capsule initial speed v0 = 2 m / s entering the downward section, target final speed v1 = 0.2 m / s; second branch pipeline inner diameter d2 = 10 mm = 0.01 m, length L2 = 30 m, air dynamic viscosity μ g = 1.8 x 10 -5 Pa-s.

7. The sample capsule transport device based on deceleration and full round trip according to claim 6, characterized in that: The air pressure of the sample capsule in the transmission pipeline is 1108 Pa, and the air pressure difference required for deceleration is approximately 833 Pa 排 The air pressure can reach 2388 Pa, and the air pressure difference ΔP 实 >>ΔP 减 The actual air pressure difference is much larger than the value required for deceleration, and the deceleration of the sample capsule can be completely achieved, and the slow landing is completed.

8. The sample capsule transport device based on deceleration and full round trip according to claim 1, characterized in that: Spring shock absorbers are arranged in the sample irradiation point (3) and the sample turntable (4), which can absorb the collision vibration when the sample capsule falls on the sample irradiation point or the sample capsule returns to the sample turntable, so that the sample is more stable in position.

9. The sample capsule transport device based on deceleration and full round trip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample capsule transmission pipe includes two sets of 316L stainless steel sample capsule transmission pipes corresponding to the first irradiation point and the second irradiation point.

10. The sample capsule transport device based on deceleration and full round trip according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of the sample transmission pipe (1) is equal to the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the first branch pipe (2-1) and the second branch pipe (2-2).

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