Self-adaptive drainage anchoring structure for slope in permafrost region and implementation method of self-adaptive drainage anchoring structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-adaptive drainage anchoring structure for a slope in a permafrost region. The self-adaptive drainage anchoring structure comprises an anchoring structure and a drainage pipe, wherein the anchoring structure penetrates through a sliding body and a sliding surface to be anchored in the slope. The anchoring structure comprises an anchor pipe, a memory alloy spring and an axial plunger; the anchor pipe is anchored in the side slope through an anchorage device, and a spiral blade is arranged at one end, extending into the side slope, of the anchor pipe; one end of the memory alloy spring is fixed to the intersection position of the anchor pipe and the slope, the other end of the memory alloy spring is fixedly connected with the axial plunger, and a sealing ring is fixed to the lower end of the axial plunger. The bottom of the anchor pipe is of a semi-closed structure, and a one-way water stop pad is tightly attached to the inner side of the semi-closed structure. A cross-shaped bracket is arranged at the upper half of the semi-closed structure at the bottom of the anchor pipe; the drainage pipe sequentially penetrates through the memory alloy spring, the axial plunger and the sealing ring and is arranged in the anchor pipe in a full-length mode. Meanwhile, the invention further discloses an implementation method of the structure. The device is simple in structure, high in practicability, simple in implementation mode, good in anchoring effect and stable in drainage performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of permafrost anchoring engineering technology, and in particular to an adaptive drainage anchoring structure for slopes in permafrost regions and its implementation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of infrastructure construction in high-altitude areas, the slope stability problem in permafrost regions has become increasingly prominent. However, traditional slope anchoring technology faces severe challenges when applied in permafrost regions, the most significant being the thermal disturbance during anchoring construction and the degradation of mechanical properties caused by permafrost thawing. Currently, the mainstream anchoring process mostly uses drilled grouting anchors, which involves injecting cement mortar after drilling to bond the anchoring structure to the surrounding soil. However, the hydration process of cement releases a large amount of heat of hydration, which directly causes the permafrost to heat up or even thaw, greatly reducing the anchoring performance of the anchoring system. In addition, permafrost is extremely sensitive to temperature changes, and poor drainage of groundwater (meltwater) is another key factor inducing the failure of anchoring structures in permafrost regions.

[0003] Current slope drainage measures typically employ inclined drainage holes or deep drainage tunnels. These facilities are often installed separately from the anchoring structure, which not only increases construction costs and time but also makes the drainage outlets highly susceptible to ice blockage in cold environments, leading to drainage system failure. More importantly, existing drainage facilities are mostly passive gravity drainage, lacking the ability to actively adapt to environmental changes and unable to provide targeted enhanced drainage under the most unfavorable conditions of large amounts of water generated by melting underground ice.

[0004] Therefore, developing an adaptive anchoring structure that can avoid the influence of cement hydration heat and automatically drain meltwater by utilizing changes in ambient temperature is of great engineering significance for improving the long-term stability of slope engineering in permafrost regions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an adaptive drainage and anchoring structure for slopes in permafrost regions that is simple in structure and highly practical.

[0006] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an implementation method for the adaptive drainage anchoring structure of the permafrost slope.

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention provides an adaptive drainage anchoring structure for permafrost slopes, characterized in that: the structure includes an anchoring structure that passes through the sliding body and sliding surface and is anchored inside the slope, as well as a drainage pipe; the anchoring structure includes an anchor pipe and a shape memory alloy spring and an axial plunger connected together inside the anchor pipe; the anchor pipe is anchored inside the slope by an anchor at one end exposed on the slope surface, and a helical blade is provided at the end extending into the slope surface; one end of the shape memory alloy spring is fixed at the intersection of the anchor pipe and the slope surface, and the other end is fixedly connected to the axial plunger, with a sealing ring fixedly installed at the lower end of the axial plunger; the bottom of the anchor pipe is a semi-enclosed structure, with a one-way water-stop pad provided close to the inner side of the semi-enclosed structure; the upper half of the semi-enclosed structure at the bottom of the anchor pipe is provided with a cross-shaped bracket; the drainage pipe passes sequentially through the shape memory alloy spring, the axial plunger, and the sealing ring, and runs along the entire length of the inside of the anchor pipe.

[0008] The anchor pipe is made of steel pipe with a smooth inner wall and coated with lubricating oil, with a wall thickness of 5~10mm and an outer diameter of 10~15cm.

[0009] The length of the spiral blade is 0.5~1m, and it is installed on the outer side of the end of the anchor pipe by welding.

[0010] The shape memory alloy spring is a thermosensitive spring made of nickel-titanium alloy, with an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the anchor tube, which is 9~14cm.

[0011] The drainage pipe is L-shaped with an inner diameter of 2-5mm, a short side length of 20-50cm that protrudes from the slope, and a long side length that exceeds the length of the anchor pipe by 20-50cm. The end of the drainage pipe that protrudes from the slope is fixedly connected to the anchor pipe, and a 10-15cm flexible hose is connected near the end of the anchor pipe. The rest of the pipe is made of rigid material.

[0012] The outer diameter of the axial plunger is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the anchor tube, which is 9~14cm. One end of the plunger is fixedly connected to the memory alloy spring, and the other end is fixedly installed with the sealing ring.

[0013] The sealing ring is a circular gasket with a thickness of 3-5 cm. Its outer diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the anchor pipe, and its inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the drain pipe.

[0014] The one-way water-stop pad is a circular pad with a thickness of 2-5mm. Its outer diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the anchor pipe. Its lower part is fixed to the semi-enclosed structure at the bottom of the anchor pipe, and its upper part is attached to the cross-shaped bracket.

[0015] The four support points on the outside of the cross-shaped bracket are fixed to the upper half of the semi-enclosed structure at the bottom of the anchor pipe by welding.

[0016] The implementation method of an adaptive drainage anchoring structure for slopes in permafrost regions, as described above, includes the following steps: (1) Investigate and analyze the geological, hydrological and meteorological conditions of the slope, conduct engineering geological surveys, analyze and determine the location of potential slip surfaces of the slope, and carry out engineering design; (2) Based on the design length and diameter of the anchor pipe determined in step (1), prepare materials for the spiral blade, memory alloy spring, drain pipe, axial plunger, sealing ring and one-way water stop pad respectively; the spiral blade is installed on the outside of the end of the anchor pipe by welding; the end of the anchor pipe is made into a semi-closed structure, and the one-way water stop pad is installed in close contact with the semi-closed structure at the bottom of the anchor pipe, and a cross-shaped bracket is welded at the opening of the semi-closed structure. (3) According to the engineering design depth and angle, after drilling holes inward on the slope surface, use machinery to drill anchor pipes with welded spiral blades into the holes. (4) Along the long side of the L-shaped drain pipe, insert the shape memory alloy spring, axial plunger and sealing ring in sequence; fix the shape memory alloy spring and axial plunger together, and fix the other end of the axial plunger to the sealing ring. (5) Embed the assembled shape memory alloy spring, drain pipe, axial plunger and sealing ring into the anchor pipe, ensuring that the drain pipe extends into the end of the anchor pipe; fix the upper end of the shape memory alloy spring to the anchor pipe; use anchors to anchor the entire structure inside the slope to complete the construction.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention utilizes the characteristic of shape memory alloy springs to expand and contract with temperature changes, combined with components such as drainage pipes and axial plungers, to achieve an adaptive drainage function for underground ice meltwater inside slopes during the warm season.

[0018] 2. The spiral blades set on the outer side of the end of the anchor pipe in this invention can realize the self-drilling function of the anchor pipe, which is different from the anchoring structure that uses cement mortar for anchoring, and avoids the impact of the heat of hydration during cement curing on permafrost.

[0019] 3. The drainage function in this invention does not rely on any external power and does not require frequent management and maintenance. It can automatically drain the underground ice melt water inside the slope, thereby reducing the impact of underground ice melting on the anchoring structure.

[0020] 4. The present invention has a simple structure, strong practicality, and simple implementation method. It has both good anchoring effect and stable drainage performance. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional magnified view of part A in this invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional magnified view of part B in this invention.

[0026] In the figure: 1-sliding body, 2-sliding surface, 3-anchor, 4-anchor pipe, 5-spiral blade, 6-memory alloy spring, 7-drainage pipe, 8-axial plunger, 9-sealing ring, 10-one-way water-stop pad, 11-cross-shaped bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0027] like Figures 1-4 As shown, an adaptive drainage anchoring structure for permafrost slopes includes an anchoring structure that passes through a sliding body 1 and a sliding surface 2 and is anchored inside the slope, as well as a drainage pipe 7. The anchoring structure includes an anchor pipe 4 and a shape memory alloy spring 6 and an axial plunger 8 connected together inside the anchor pipe 4. The anchor pipe 4 is anchored inside the slope by an anchor 3 located at one end exposed on the slope surface, and a helical blade 5 is provided at the end extending into the slope surface. One end of the shape memory alloy spring 6 is fixed at the intersection of the anchor pipe 4 and the slope surface, and the other end is fixedly connected to the axial plunger 8. A sealing ring 9 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the axial plunger 8. The bottom of the anchor pipe 4 is a semi-enclosed structure, and a one-way water-stop pad 10 is provided close to the inner side of the semi-enclosed structure. A cross-shaped bracket 11 is provided in the upper part of the semi-enclosed structure at the bottom of the anchor pipe 4. The drainage pipe 7 passes through the shape memory alloy spring 6, the axial plunger 8, and the sealing ring 9 in sequence, and runs along the entire length of the inside of the anchor pipe 4.

[0028] Among them: Anchor pipe 4 is made of steel pipe with smooth inner wall and coated with lubricating oil, with a wall thickness of 5~10mm and an outer diameter of 10~15cm.

[0029] The length of the spiral blade 5 is 0.5~1m, and it is installed on the outer side of the end of the anchor pipe 4 by welding.

[0030] The shape memory alloy spring 6 is a thermosensitive spring made of nickel-titanium alloy, with an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the anchor tube 4, which is 9~14cm.

[0031] The drainage pipe 7 is L-shaped with an inner diameter of 2-5mm, a short side length of 20-50cm that protrudes from the slope, and a long side length that exceeds the length of the anchor pipe 4 by 20-50cm. The end of the drainage pipe 7 that protrudes from the slope is fixedly connected to the anchor pipe 4. A 10-15cm flexible hose is connected near the end of the anchor pipe 4, and the rest is made of rigid material.

[0032] The outer diameter of the axial plunger 8 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the anchor tube 4, which is 9~14cm. One end of it is fixedly connected to the memory alloy spring 6, and the other end is fixedly installed with a sealing ring 9.

[0033] The sealing ring 9 is a circular gasket with a thickness of 3-5 cm. Its outer diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the anchor pipe 4, and its inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the drain pipe 7. The sealing ring 9 can be made of rubber.

[0034] The one-way waterstop 10 is a circular gasket with a thickness of 2-5mm. Its outer diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the anchor pipe 4. Its lower part is fixed to the semi-enclosed structure at the bottom of the anchor pipe 4, and its upper part is attached to the cross-shaped bracket 11. The one-way waterstop 10 can be made of rubber.

[0035] The four support points on the outside of the cross-shaped bracket 11 are fixed to the upper half of the semi-enclosed structure at the bottom of the anchor pipe 4 by welding.

[0036] [Working Principle] In permafrost regions, underground ice on slopes melts due to seasonal temperature changes and disturbances to the anchoring structure. The melted water can cause the anchoring structure to lose its anchoring force. This invention utilizes the shape memory alloy spring 6's expansion and contraction properties with temperature changes to achieve an adaptive drainage function for the anchoring structure.

[0037] When the underground ice inside the slope melts, the meltwater enters the interior of the anchor pipe 4 through the one-way water-stop pad 10 set at the semi-enclosed structure of the anchor pipe 4. During the warm season, the temperature rises during the day, and the shape memory alloy spring 6 extends, driving the axial plunger 8 and the sealing ring 9 to move downward. Due to the presence of the cross-shaped bracket 11 on the outside of the one-way water-stop pad 10, the lower part of the anchor pipe 4 becomes a sealed space. During the process of the axial plunger 8 compressing the lower space of the anchor pipe 4 downward, the water accumulated at the bottom of the anchor pipe 4 will be discharged through the drainage pipe 7 because the diameter of the drainage pipe 7 is much smaller than that of the anchor pipe 4, thereby reducing the impact of the underground ice melting on the anchoring structure. When the temperature drops, the shape memory alloy spring 6 shortens, and the axial plunger 8 and the sealing ring 9 retract.

[0038] An implementation method for an adaptive drainage anchoring structure for slopes in permafrost regions includes the following steps: (1) Investigate and analyze the geological, hydrological and meteorological conditions of the slope, conduct engineering geological surveys, analyze and determine the location of the potential slip surface 2 of the slope, and carry out engineering design; (2) Based on the design length and diameter of the anchor pipe 4 determined in step (1), prepare materials for the spiral blade 5, shape memory alloy spring 6, drainage pipe 7, axial plunger 8, sealing ring 9 and one-way water-stop pad 10 respectively; the spiral blade 5 is installed on the outside of the end of the anchor pipe 4 by welding; the end of the anchor pipe 4 is made into a semi-closed structure, and the one-way water-stop pad 10 is installed in close contact with the semi-closed structure at the bottom of the anchor pipe 4, and a cross-shaped bracket 11 is welded at the opening of the semi-closed structure. (3) According to the engineering design depth and angle, after drilling holes inward on the slope surface, use machinery to drill the anchor pipe 4 with welded spiral blades 5 into the hole. (4) Along the long side of the L-shaped drain pipe 7, the memory alloy spring 6, the axial plunger 8 and the sealing ring 9 are sequentially inserted; the memory alloy spring 6 and the axial plunger 8 are fixedly connected, and the other end of the axial plunger 8 is fixedly connected to the sealing ring 9. (5) Embed the assembled shape memory alloy spring 6, drainage pipe 7, axial plunger 8 and sealing ring 9 into the anchor pipe 4, ensuring that the drainage pipe 7 extends into the end of the anchor pipe 4; fix the upper end of the shape memory alloy spring 6 to the anchor pipe 4; use the anchor 3 to anchor the entire structure inside the slope to complete the construction.

Claims

1. A permafrost region slope self-adapting drainage anchoring structure, characterized in that: The structure includes an anchoring structure that passes through the sliding body (1) and the sliding surface (2) and is anchored inside the slope, as well as a drainage pipe (7); the anchoring structure includes an anchor pipe (4) and a shape memory alloy spring (6) and an axial plunger (8) connected together inside the anchor pipe (4); the anchor pipe (4) is anchored inside the slope by an anchor (3) provided at one end exposed on the slope surface, and a helical blade (5) is provided at the end extending into the slope surface; one end of the shape memory alloy spring (6) is fixed at the junction of the anchor pipe (4) and the slope surface. The other end is fixedly connected to the axial plunger (8), and a sealing ring (9) is fixedly installed on the lower end of the axial plunger (8); the bottom of the anchor pipe (4) is a semi-closed structure, and a one-way water-stop pad (10) is provided close to the inner side of the semi-closed structure; a cross-shaped bracket (11) is provided on the upper half of the semi-closed structure at the bottom of the anchor pipe (4); the drain pipe (7) passes through the memory alloy spring (6), the axial plunger (8) and the sealing ring (9) in sequence, and is set along the entire length of the inside of the anchor pipe (4).

2. The self-adapting drainage and anchoring structure for the slope in the permafrost region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor pipe (4) is made of a steel pipe with a smooth inner wall and coated with lubricating oil. The pipe wall thickness is 5~10mm and the outer diameter is 10~15cm.

3. The self-adapting drainage and anchoring structure for the slope in the permafrost region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the spiral blade (5) is 0.5~1m, and it is installed on the outer side of the end of the anchor pipe (4) by welding.

4. The self-adapting drainage and anchoring structure for the slope in the permafrost region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The memory alloy spring (6) is a thermosensitive spring made of nickel-titanium alloy, and its outer diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the anchor tube (4), which is 9~14cm.

5. The self-adapting drainage and anchoring structure for the slope in the permafrost region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage pipe (7) is L-shaped with an inner diameter of 2-5 mm, a short side length of 20-50 cm that protrudes from the slope, and a long side length that exceeds the length of the anchor pipe (4) by 20-50 cm. The end of the drainage pipe (7) that protrudes from the slope is fixedly connected to the anchor pipe (4), and a 10-15 cm flexible hose is connected near the end of the anchor pipe (4). The rest of the pipe is made of rigid material.

6. The self-adapting drainage and anchoring structure for the slope in the permafrost region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the axial plunger (8) is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the anchor tube (4), which is 9~14cm. One end of the plunger is fixedly connected to the memory alloy spring (6), and the other end is fixedly installed with the sealing ring (9).

7. The self-adapting drainage and anchoring structure for the slope in the permafrost region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing ring (9) is a circular gasket with a thickness of 3~5cm. Its outer diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the anchor pipe (4), and its inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the drain pipe (7).

8. The self-adapting drainage and anchoring structure for the slope in the permafrost region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way water-stop pad (10) is a circular pad with a thickness of 2~5mm. Its outer diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the anchor pipe (4). Its lower part is fixed to the semi-enclosed structure at the bottom of the anchor pipe (4), and its upper part is attached to the cross-shaped bracket (11).

9. The self-adapting drainage and anchoring structure for the slope in the permafrost region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four support points on the outside of the cross-shaped bracket (11) are fixed to the upper half of the semi-enclosed structure at the bottom of the anchor pipe (4) by welding.

10. The implementation method of the adaptive drainage anchoring structure for permafrost slopes as described in claim 1, comprising the following steps: (1) Investigate and analyze the geological, hydrological and meteorological conditions of the slope, conduct engineering geological surveys, analyze and determine the location of the potential sliding surface (2) of the slope, and carry out engineering design; (2) Based on the design length and diameter of the anchor pipe (4) determined in step (1), prepare materials for the spiral blade (5), shape memory alloy spring (6), drain pipe (7), axial plunger (8), sealing ring (9) and one-way water stop pad (10); the spiral blade (5) is installed on the outside of the end of the anchor pipe (4) by welding; the end of the anchor pipe (4) is made into a semi-closed structure, and the one-way water stop pad (10) is installed close to the semi-closed structure at the bottom of the anchor pipe (4), and a cross-shaped bracket (11) is welded at the opening of the semi-closed structure. (3) According to the engineering design depth and angle, after drilling holes inward on the slope surface, use machinery to drill the anchor pipe (4) with welded spiral blades (5) into the hole; (4) Along the long side of the L-shaped drain pipe (7), the memory alloy spring (6), the axial plunger (8) and the sealing ring (9) are sequentially inserted; the memory alloy spring (6) and the axial plunger (8) are fixedly connected, and the other end of the axial plunger (8) is fixedly connected to the sealing ring (9). (5) Embed the assembled shape memory alloy spring (6), drain pipe (7), axial plunger (8) and sealing ring (9) into the inside of the anchor pipe (4) to ensure that the drain pipe (7) extends into the end of the anchor pipe (4); fix the upper end of the shape memory alloy spring (6) to the anchor pipe (4); use the anchor (3) to anchor the entire structure inside the slope to complete the construction.

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