Full-section upturned jacking vertical shaft heading machine and vertical shaft construction method

Abstract

The full-section upward jacking vertical shaft heading machine comprises a cutter head assembly, a slag guide assembly, a supporting shoe assembly, a pipe piece erector, a jig frame and a trolley assembly arranged in a transverse tunnel, the slag guide assembly comprises a slag receiving hopper connected to the inner wall of the top of a cutter head frame and a slag guide pipe in butt joint and communication with an opening in the bottom of the slag receiving hopper, and the trolley assembly is arranged in the transverse tunnel. The slag guide pipe is located on one side of the main shaft and extends downwards to the connecting portion of the transverse tunnel and the vertical shaft, slag can be collected in a centralized mode through matching of the slag guide pipe and the slag receiving hopper, step changing is achieved through matching of a radial supporting shoe in the supporting shoe assembly and a step changing oil cylinder, pipe piece ring assembling and vertical shaft tunneling are both considered, safety is good, efficiency is high, and well completion quality is good. The vertical shaft construction method comprises the steps of foundation pit manufacturing, tunneling machine assembling, tunneling, step changing, segment ring assembling, supporting, measuring and deviation rectifying and equipment removing, implementation is easy, the virtuous cycle of rapid tunneling, rapid slag discharging, centralized slag collecting and timely supporting can be achieved, and the comprehensive efficiency is high.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the vertical shaft construction technical field, and in particular to a full-face upward jacking vertical shaft tunneling machine and a vertical shaft construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Vertical shaft construction is a key link in tunnel and mine engineering, and the traditional method is divided into two ways of "digging from top to bottom" and "digging from bottom to top". In harsh environments such as high-cold and high-altitude areas, due to the difficulty of equipment transportation and unfavorable climate conditions, "digging from top to bottom" is often difficult to achieve, and "digging from bottom to top" becomes the only way. The existing "digging from bottom to top" is mainly divided into three categories of hanging tank method, climbing tank method and reverse well drilling machine method. The hanging tank method needs to drill a pilot hole, and then transport the equipment and hanging system to the top of the mountain or the slope for installation. During construction, personnel and equipment are placed in the hanging tank connected to the hanging system through a sling, and follow the hanging tank to work upwards. It faces the risks of dust pollution, falling objects at high places, low degree of mechanization and low efficiency. The climbing tank method does not need to drill a pilot hole, but needs to install guide rails. Construction personnel work along the guide rails with the climbing tank. Similarly, there are dust and safety risks, and for deep vertical shafts, the guide rails need to be installed step by step, which has poor adaptability. The reverse well drilling machine method needs to drill a pilot hole, and all the equipment is placed on the top of the mountain or the slope, which has high requirements for transportation conditions. When the hole is expanded, the wall cannot be supported synchronously, and it is easy to collapse the hole and gush water when working in poor geology. These three methods cannot realize safe, efficient and adaptive complex geological vertical shaft construction operation. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to overcome one or more shortcomings in the prior art, and to provide a full-face upward jacking vertical shaft tunneling machine and a vertical shaft construction method which can realize safe, efficient and adaptive complex geological vertical shaft construction operation.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the product in the technical solution provided by the present application is a full-face upward jacking vertical shaft tunneling machine, which comprises a cutterhead assembly, a slag guide assembly, a support shoe assembly, a segment erector and a bedplate, and a trolley assembly arranged in a transverse tunnel. The cutterhead assembly comprises a cutterhead frame, a cutterhead and a driving part. The cutterhead frame is vertically arranged in a cylindrical shape. The cutterhead comprises a main shaft rotatably inserted in the center of the cutterhead frame, and a cutterhead body connected to the top of the main shaft and located above the cutterhead frame. The driving part is arranged on the cutterhead frame, and is used to drive the main shaft to rotate. The slag guide assembly is used to guide the broken stones cut by the cutterhead downward. The slag guide assembly comprises a slag receiving hopper connected to the inner wall of the top of the cutterhead frame, and a slag guide pipe in communication with the bottom opening of the slag receiving hopper. The slag guide pipe is located on one side of the main shaft and extends downward to the connection part of the transverse tunnel and the vertical shaft. The supporting shoe assembly comprises a supporting shoe frame, supporting shoes, a propelling oil cylinder and a step-changing oil cylinder. The supporting shoe frame is in the shape of a cylinder and is coaxially and spacedly arranged below the cutter frame. The supporting shoes are radially retractable and connected to the supporting shoe frame. The propelling oil cylinder is arranged between the supporting shoe frame and the cutter frame. The upper end of the propelling oil cylinder is rotatably connected to the cutter frame, and the lower end is rotatably connected to the supporting shoe frame. The propelling oil cylinder is arranged close to the edge of the supporting shoe frame. There are multiple propelling oil cylinders which are evenly distributed around the axis of the supporting shoe frame. The segment erector is connected to the bottom of the supporting shoe frame to assemble the segment ring on the shaft wall. The step-changing oil cylinder is arranged close to the edge of the supporting shoe frame. There are multiple step-changing oil cylinders which are evenly distributed around the axis of the supporting shoe frame. The hydraulic rod of the step-changing oil cylinder can extend downward to tightly press against the upper end of the segment ring, so that the supporting shoes retract to change steps. The cradle is arranged at the connecting part of the transverse tunnel and the shaft, and is used to support the step-changing oil cylinder or the segment ring.

[0005] Preferably, the full-face inverted crown tunnel boring machine further comprises a center jacking assembly. The center jacking assembly comprises an upper jacking seat, a lower jacking seat and a center oil cylinder. The upper jacking seat is connected to the center of the bottom surface of the cutter frame and extends downward and obliquely. The lower jacking seat is connected to the center of the top surface of the supporting shoe frame and extends upward and obliquely. The lower end of the upper jacking seat and the upper end of the lower jacking seat are staggered and located on both sides of the axis of the supporting shoe frame. The center oil cylinder is arranged obliquely. One end of the center oil cylinder is rotatably connected to the lower end of the upper jacking seat, and the other end is rotatably connected to the upper end of the lower jacking seat.

[0006] Further preferably, the center oil cylinder comprises a cylinder barrel and a hydraulic rod which is retractably arranged in the cylinder barrel, and a cylinder sleeve which is arranged outside the cylinder barrel. The cylinder sleeve is longer than the cylinder barrel. The top of the cylinder sleeve is provided with a sealing plate. The hydraulic rod penetrates the center of the sealing plate and is connected to the sealing plate in a dynamic sealing manner.

[0007] Further preferably, the center oil cylinder further comprises a limiting unit which is arranged between the sealing plate and the cylinder barrel. The limiting unit comprises a hoop which is arranged on the annular groove of the outer wall of the hydraulic rod, and annular limiting plates which are located on both sides of the hoop. The annular limiting plates are locked to each other by bolts to clamp the part of the hoop which protrudes from the annular groove, so as to be fixed.

[0008] Further preferably, the outer wall of the annular limiting plate is connected to the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve in a dynamic sealing manner, and the inner wall of the annular limiting plate is connected to the outer wall of the hydraulic rod in a sealing manner, so as to realize secondary sealing while limiting.

[0009] Preferably, the cutter head body is umbrella-shaped with a middle high and a bottom around, comprising a plurality of spokes extending from the center to the outside, adjacent spokes are spaced apart and connected by connecting rods, the center line of the spoke width direction is distributed with shell knives and wear detection knives, the two sides of the spoke width direction are provided with scrapers, and the convergence of all spokes is connected with a center fish tail knife; or, the cutter head body is flat, comprising a plurality of knife holders extending from the center to the outside, adjacent knife holders are spaced apart, and a plurality of hobbing cutters are arranged on the knife holders.

[0010] Preferably, the slag guide pipe is connected by a plurality of slag guide soft tubes and a plurality of transition tubes, the transition tube is used to connect the slag receiving hopper and the slag guide soft tube, or is used to connect two adjacent slag guide soft tubes.

[0011] Preferably, the upper end of the driving part is connected in the cutter head frame, and the lower end extends downward to the space between the cutter head frame and the support shoe frame and is located on the opposite side of the slag guide pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the upper end of the tire frame extends into the vertical shaft, the lower end of the tire frame is supported on the bottom of the transverse tunnel, and the trolley assembly comprises a pump car, an electrical cabinet car, an auxiliary equipment car, a muck car and a segment trolley.

[0013] To achieve the above purpose, the method in the technical scheme provided by the application is a vertical shaft construction method, which adopts the above-mentioned full-face upward jacking vertical shaft tunneling machine construction, and the construction method comprises the following steps: S1. Foundation pit manufacturing: excavating upward at the position corresponding to the vertical shaft of the transverse tunnel to form a foundation pit; S2. Tunneling machine assembly: first, transporting the tire frame to the foundation pit through the transverse tunnel for installation, then transporting the cutter head assembly, the slag guide assembly, the support shoe assembly and the segment assembling machine to the foundation pit through the transverse tunnel, sequentially assembling under the support of the tire frame, and then sending the trolley assembly into the transverse tunnel and connecting the pipelines of the cutter head assembly, the support shoe assembly, the segment assembling machine and the trolley assembly; S3. Tunneling: the support shoes in the support shoe assembly are extended and tightly abut against the hole wall of the foundation pit, the cutter head in the cutter head assembly is rotated, upward jacking is performed and synchronous slag discharge is realized; S4. Step changing: the step changing oil cylinder is extended and tightly abut against the tire frame, the support shoes and the telescopic oil cylinder are retracted, the support shoe assembly is moved upward, the support shoes are extended and tightly abut against the hole wall of the vertical shaft after moving upward, the step changing oil cylinder is retracted, and step changing is realized; S5. Segment ring assembly: the segment assembling machine assembles the segment ring on the tire frame, or the segment assembling machine assembles the segment ring on the segment ring; S6. Support: grouting is performed between the segment ring and the hole wall of the vertical shaft to form a support; S7. Measure deviation correction: measure the verticality of the shaft, if qualified, repeat steps S3 to S6 until the target depth is excavated, if not qualified, correct the deviation and repeat step S7; S8. Equipment removal: remove the trolley assembly, cutter head assembly, slag guide assembly, support shoe assembly, segment erector, and complete the construction.

[0014] Thanks to the above technical solution, the present application has the following advantages compared with the prior art: The full-face upside-down jacking shaft excavator provided by the present application comprises a cutter head assembly, a slag guide assembly, a support shoe assembly, a segment erector, a bed frame, and a trolley assembly arranged in a transverse tunnel. The slag guide assembly comprises a slag receiving hopper connected to the inner wall of the top of the cutter head frame and a slag guide pipe in communication with the bottom opening of the slag receiving hopper. The slag guide pipe is located on one side of the main shaft and extends downward to the connection part of the transverse tunnel and the shaft. The slag can be concentrated through the cooperation of the slag guide pipe and the slag receiving hopper, and the step changing can be realized by the cooperation of the radial support shoe in the support shoe assembly and the step changing cylinder. The segment ring assembly and shaft excavation are realized at the same time, which is safe, efficient, and has good shaft quality, and can realize safe, efficient, and complex geological shaft construction operation. The shaft construction method provided by the present application comprises the steps of foundation pit making, excavator assembly, excavation, step changing, segment ring assembly, support, measurement and correction, equipment removal, etc. The operation is simple and easy to implement, and can realize a virtuous cycle of rapid excavation, rapid slag removal, concentrated slag collection, and timely support, and has high comprehensive efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a sectional view of the first embodiment of the full-face upside-down jacking shaft excavator in the present application.

[0016] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a local enlarged view of the cutter head in

[0017] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a top view of

[0018] Figure 4 is Figure 1 a local enlarged view of A in

[0019] Figure 5 is Figure 1 a sectional view of the trolley assembly in

[0020] Figure 6 is a sectional view of the second embodiment of the full-face upside-down jacking shaft excavator in the present application.

[0021] Figure 7 is Figure 6 a sectional view of the cutter head in

[0022] Figure 8 is a flow chart of the shaft construction method in the present application.

[0023] 1. transverse tunnel; 2. shaft; 3. segment ring; 10. cutter disc assembly; 11. cutter disc frame; 12. cutter disc; 121. main shaft; 122. cutter disc body; 123. spoke; 124. connecting rod; 125. shell cutter; 126. wear detection cutter; 127. scraper; 128. center fish tail cutter; 129. cutter holder; 1291. rolling cutter; 13. driving part; 20. slag guiding assembly; 21. slag receiving hopper; 22. slag guiding pipe; 221. slag guiding flexible pipe; 222. transition pipe; 30. support shoe assembly; 31. support shoe frame; 32. support shoe; 33. pushing oil cylinder; 34. step changing oil cylinder; 40. segment erector; 50. bed frame; 60. trolley assembly; 70. center jacking assembly; 71. upper jacking seat; 72. lower jacking seat; 73. center oil cylinder; 731. cylinder barrel; 732. hydraulic rod; 733. cylinder sleeve; 734. sealing plate; 735. annular groove; 736. hoop; 737. annular limiting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Example one, as Figures 1 to 5As shown, the full-face upside-down jacking shaft boring machine provided by the application comprises a cutter head assembly 10, a slag guide assembly 20, a support shoe assembly 30, a segment erector 40, a jig 50, and a trolley assembly 60 arranged in the transverse tunnel 1; the cutter head assembly 10 comprises a cutter head frame 11, a cutter head 12, and a driving part 13, the cutter head frame 11 is in the shape of a vertical cylinder, the cutter head 12 comprises a main shaft 121 rotatably inserted in the center of the cutter head frame 11 and a cutter head body 122 connected to the top of the main shaft 121 and located above the cutter head frame 11, and the driving part 13 is arranged on the cutter head frame 11 and used to drive the main shaft 121 to rotate; the slag guide assembly 20 is used to guide the cut stones of the cutter head 12 downward, and the slag guide assembly 20 comprises a slag receiving hopper 21 connected to the inner wall of the top of the cutter head frame 11 and a slag guide pipe 22 in communication with the bottom opening of the slag receiving hopper 21, the slag guide pipe 22 is located on one side of the main shaft 121 and extends downward to the connecting part of the transverse tunnel 1 and the shaft 2; the support shoe assembly 30 comprises a support shoe frame 31, a support shoe 32, a jacking cylinder 33, and a step changing cylinder 34, the support shoe frame 31 is in the shape of a cylinder and coaxially and spacedly arranged directly below the cutter head frame 11, the support shoe 32 is connected to the support shoe frame 31 in a radial telescopic manner, when the support shoe 32 is extended, the support shoe frame 31 can be extended and abut against the wall of the shaft 2, the jacking cylinder 33 is arranged between the support shoe frame 31 and the cutter head frame 11, the upper end of the jacking cylinder 33 is rotationally connected to the cutter head frame 11, the lower end of the jacking cylinder 33 is rotationally connected to the support shoe frame 31, the jacking cylinder 33 is arranged close to the edge of the support shoe frame 31, and a plurality of jacking cylinders 33 are uniformly distributed around the axis of the support shoe frame 31; the segment erector 40 is connected to the bottom of the support shoe frame 31 so as to erect the segment ring 3 on the wall of the shaft 2, and the step changing cylinder 34 is arranged close to the edge of the support shoe frame 31, a plurality of step changing cylinders 34 are uniformly distributed around the axis of the support shoe frame 31, and the hydraulic rod of the step changing cylinder 34 can be extended downward to abut against the upper end surface of the segment ring 3, so that the support shoe 32 is retracted to change the step; and the jig 50 is arranged at the connecting part of the transverse tunnel 1 and the shaft 2 and used to support the step changing cylinder 34 or the segment ring 3.

[0025] The advantages of the arrangement are that the slag can be collected by the cooperation of the slag guide pipe and the slag receiving hopper, the step can be changed by the cooperation of the radial support shoe in the support shoe assembly and the step changing cylinder, the segment ring erection and the shaft boring can be realized at the same time, the safety is good, the dust pollution is small, the efficiency is high, the quality of the shaft is good, and the shaft construction operation can be realized in a safe, efficient, and complex geological condition adapting manner.

[0026] To ensure the tunneling effect, and adapt to the tunneling in soft soil layer, in the embodiment, the cutter head body 122 is umbrella-shaped with middle high and bottom around, which includes several spokes 123 extending from the center to the outside, the adjacent spokes 123 are spaced to form a channel for the falling of the gravel, the main shaft 121 is hollow tubular to transport the slurry upward, preferably, the spokes 123 can also be hollow and communicate with the main shaft 121, so that the slurry is uniformly dispersed on the working face to avoid dust, the middle part of the adjacent spokes 123 is connected by the connecting rod 124, and the spokes 123 and the main shaft 121 are also connected by the connecting rod 124 to improve the strength, further, the center line of the width direction of the spokes 123 is distributed with the shell cutter 125 and the wear detection cutter 126, and the both sides of the width direction of the spokes 123 are provided with the scraper 127, and the collection of all spokes 123 is connected with the center fish tail cutter 128.

[0027] To avoid the center depression of the cutter head 12 when the advancing cylinder 33 advances, further, the full-face upward tunneling shaft boring machine also includes a center pushing assembly 70, the center pushing assembly 70 includes an upper pushing seat 71, a lower pushing seat 72 and a center cylinder 73, the upper pushing seat 71 is connected to the center of the bottom surface of the cutter head frame 11 and extends downward and inclined, the upper pushing seat 71 is conical and gradually shrinks downward, the lower pushing seat 72 is connected to the center of the top surface of the support shoe frame 31 and extends upward and inclined, the lower pushing seat 72 is conical and gradually shrinks upward, the lower end of the upper pushing seat 71 and the upper end of the lower pushing seat 72 are staggered and located on both sides of the axis of the support shoe frame 31, the center cylinder 73 is inclined, one end of which is rotatably connected to the lower end of the upper pushing seat 71, and the other end is rotatably connected to the upper end of the lower pushing seat 72, when the advancing cylinder 33 advances, the center cylinder 73 is synchronously lifted to ensure that the center of the cutter head 12 does not appear depressed, so as to prolong the service life of the cutter head 12, and when the step is changed, the center cylinder 73 is synchronously retracted with the advancing cylinder 33 to disperse the stress.

[0028] In this embodiment, the central cylinder 73 includes a cylinder barrel 731 and a hydraulic rod 732 telescopically inserted inside the cylinder barrel 731, as well as a cylinder sleeve 733 sleeved on the outside of the cylinder barrel 731. The cylinder sleeve 733 is longer than the cylinder barrel 731 and has a sealing plate 734 at its top. The hydraulic rod 732 passes through the center of the sealing plate 734 and is dynamically sealed to it. To achieve hard limiting and facilitate adjustment, the central cylinder 73 further includes a limiting unit disposed between the sealing plate 734 and the cylinder barrel 731. The limiting unit includes a hoop 736 clamped on the annular groove 735 on the outer wall of the hydraulic rod 732 and two... The annular limiting plate 737 on the side is locked together by bolts to clamp the part of the hoop 736 protruding from the annular groove 735, thereby achieving fixation. When the hydraulic rod 732 extends or retracts, hard limiting can be achieved by the abutment of the annular limiting plate 737 against the sealing plate 734 and the cylinder 731. When adjustment is required, the annular limiting plate 737 of different thickness can be replaced. In order to achieve secondary sealing while limiting, the outer wall of the annular limiting plate 737 is dynamically sealed to the inner wall of the cylinder liner 733, and the inner wall of the annular limiting plate 737 is sealed to the outer wall of the hydraulic rod 732.

[0029] For ease of installation, in this embodiment, the slag guide pipe 22 is composed of multiple slag guide flexible cylinders 221 and multiple transition cylinders 222 connected together. The transition cylinders 222 are used to connect the slag receiving hopper 21 and the slag guide flexible cylinders 221, or to connect two adjacent slag guide flexible cylinders 221. Further, the upper end of the drive unit 13 is connected inside the cutter head frame 11, and the lower end extends downward to the space between the cutter head frame 11 and the support shoe frame 31 and is located on the opposite side of the slag guide pipe 22. Further, the upper end of the frame 50 extends into the vertical shaft 2, and the lower end of the frame 50 is supported at the bottom of the transverse tunnel 1. The frame 50 is frame-shaped, and its side facing the transverse tunnel 1 is provided with a hole for the trolley assembly 60 to enter and exit. The trolley assembly 60 includes a pump truck, an electrical cabinet truck, an auxiliary equipment truck, a slag truck, a segment trolley, etc.

[0030] Example 2, as Figure 6 and 7 As shown, Embodiment 2 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that, in order to adapt to hard rock formations, the cutterhead body 122 of the cutterhead 12 is flat and includes several cutter holders 129 extending from the center to the outside. Adjacent cutter holders 129 are spaced apart to form a channel for falling gravel. Several roller cutters 1291 are provided on the cutter holders 129.

[0031] This invention also provides a method for constructing a vertical shaft, using the aforementioned full-section upward-facing shaft excavator, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the construction method includes the following steps: S1. Foundation Pit Construction: Excavate upwards at the location corresponding to the vertical shaft of the transverse tunnel to form a foundation pit; S2. The tunneling machine is assembled: the jig frame is transported through the transverse tunnel to the foundation pit for installation, the cutter head assembly, the slag guide assembly, the support shoe assembly, and the segment erector are transported through the transverse tunnel to the foundation pit, and the jig frame is used as a support to sequentially assemble the trolley assembly, the cutter head assembly, the support shoe assembly, and the segment erector, and the pipelines of the trolley assembly, the cutter head assembly, the support shoe assembly, and the segment erector are connected; S3. Tunneling: the support shoes in the support shoe assembly are extended to abut against the wall of the foundation pit, and the cutter heads in the cutter head assembly are rotated to penetrate the ground and simultaneously discharge slag; S4. Step changing: the step-changing oil cylinder is extended to abut against the jig frame, the support shoes and the telescopic oil cylinder are retracted, the support shoe assembly is moved upward, the support shoes are extended to abut against the wall of the vertical shaft after the support shoe assembly is moved upward, the step-changing oil cylinder is retracted, and the step changing is realized; S5. Segment ring assembly: the segment erector assembles the segment ring on the jig frame, or the segment erector assembles the segment ring on the segment ring; S6. Support: grouting is performed between the segment ring and the wall of the vertical shaft to form a support; S7. Measurement and correction: the verticality of the vertical shaft is measured, if qualified, steps S3 to S7 are repeated until the target depth is reached, if not qualified, correction is performed and step S7 is repeated; S8. Equipment removal: the trolley assembly, the cutter head assembly, the slag guide assembly, the support shoe assembly, and the segment erector are removed, and the construction is completed.

[0032] The construction method is simple to operate and easy to implement, can realize a virtuous cycle of rapid tunneling, rapid slag discharge, centralized slag collection, and timely support, and has high comprehensive efficiency.

[0033] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and characteristics of the present application, the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present application and implement it, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present application, any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit and essence of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A full-face upward-facing vertical shaft tunneling machine, characterized in that, It includes cutterhead assembly, slag guide assembly, support shoe assembly, segment assembly machine and jig, as well as trolley assembly set in transverse tunnel; The cutter head assembly includes a cutter head frame, a cutter head, and a drive unit. The cutter head frame is a vertically arranged cylindrical shape. The cutter head includes a main shaft rotatably inserted into the center of the cutter head frame and a cutter head body connected to the top of the main shaft and located above the cutter head frame. The drive unit is disposed on the cutter head frame and is used to drive the main shaft to rotate. The slag guide assembly is used to discharge the crushed stone cut by the cutter head downwards. The slag guide assembly includes a slag receiving hopper connected to the inner wall of the top of the cutter head frame and a slag guide pipe that is connected to the bottom opening of the slag receiving hopper. The slag guide pipe is located on one side of the main shaft and extends downwards to the connection between the transverse tunnel and the vertical shaft. The support shoe assembly includes a support shoe frame, a support shoe, a push cylinder, and a step-changing cylinder. The support shoe frame is cylindrical and coaxially spaced below the cutter head frame. The support shoe is radially telescopically connected to the support shoe frame. The push cylinder is located between the support shoe frame and the cutter head frame. Its upper end is rotatably connected to the cutter head frame, and its lower end is rotatably connected to the support shoe frame. The push cylinder is located near the edge of the support shoe frame. There are multiple push cylinders, which are evenly distributed around the axis of the support shoe frame. The segment assembly machine is connected to the bottom of the support shoe frame to assemble the segment rings on the shaft wall. The step-changing cylinder is set near the edge of the support shoe frame. There are multiple step-changing cylinders and they are evenly distributed around the axis of the support shoe frame. The hydraulic rod of the step-changing cylinder can extend downward and press against the upper end face of the segment ring, so that the support shoe retracts to realize the step-changing. The frame is located at the connection between the transverse tunnel and the vertical shaft to support the step-changing cylinder or segment ring.

2. The full-face upward-facing vertical shaft tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The full-face upward-facing shaft tunneling machine also includes a central jacking assembly, which includes an upper jacking seat, a lower jacking seat, and a central hydraulic cylinder. The upper jacking seat is connected to the center of the bottom surface of the cutterhead frame and extends downward at an incline. The lower jacking seat is connected to the center of the top surface of the support shoe frame and extends upward at an incline. The lower end of the upper jacking seat and the upper end of the lower jacking seat are staggered and located on both sides of the axis of the support shoe frame. The central hydraulic cylinder is inclined, with one end rotatably connected to the lower end of the upper jacking seat and the other end rotatably connected to the upper end of the lower jacking seat.

3. The full-face upward-facing vertical shaft tunneling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The central cylinder includes a cylinder barrel and a retractable hydraulic rod extending through the cylinder barrel, as well as a cylinder sleeve fitted on the outside of the cylinder barrel. The cylinder sleeve is longer than the cylinder barrel and has a sealing plate at its top. The hydraulic rod passes through the center of the sealing plate and is dynamically sealed to it.

4. The full-face upward-facing vertical shaft tunneling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The central cylinder also includes a limiting unit disposed between the sealing plate and the cylinder barrel. The limiting unit includes a hoop ring clamped on the annular groove on the outer wall of the hydraulic rod and annular limiting plates located on both sides of the hoop ring. The annular limiting plates are locked together by bolts to clamp the part of the hoop ring protruding from the annular groove, thereby achieving fixation.

5. The full-face upward-facing vertical shaft tunneling machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer wall of the annular limiting plate is dynamically sealed to the inner wall of the cylinder liner, and the inner wall of the annular limiting plate is sealed to the outer wall of the hydraulic rod, thus achieving secondary sealing while limiting the position.

6. The full-face upward-facing vertical shaft tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter head body is umbrella-shaped with a high center and a low perimeter. It includes several spokes extending from the center outwards. Adjacent spokes are spaced apart and connected by connecting rods. Shell cutters and wear detection cutters are distributed along the center line of the spoke width direction. Scrapers are provided on both sides of the spoke width direction. A central fishtail cutter is connected at the convergence point of all spokes. Alternatively, the cutter head body is flat and includes several cutter holders extending from the center outwards. Adjacent cutter holders are spaced apart, and several rolling cutters are provided on the cutter holders.

7. The full-face upward-facing vertical shaft tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slag guide pipe is composed of multiple slag guide cylinders and multiple transition cylinders connected together. The transition cylinder is used to connect the slag receiving hopper and the slag guide cylinders, or to connect two adjacent slag guide cylinders.

8. The full-face upward-facing vertical shaft tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the drive unit is connected inside the cutter head frame, and the lower end extends downward into the space between the cutter head frame and the support shoe frame and is located on the opposite side of the slag guide pipe.

9. The full-face upward-facing vertical shaft tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the frame extends into the vertical shaft, and the lower end of the frame is supported at the bottom of the transverse tunnel. The trolley assembly includes a pump truck, an electrical cabinet truck, an auxiliary equipment truck, a dump truck, and a segment trolley.

10. A method for constructing a vertical shaft, characterized in that, The construction method, employing a full-face upward-facing vertical shaft tunneling machine as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprises the following steps: S1. Foundation Pit Construction: Excavate upwards at the location corresponding to the vertical shaft of the transverse tunnel to form a foundation pit; S2. Tunneling machine assembly: First, transport the jig to the foundation pit through the transverse tunnel for installation. Then, transport the cutterhead assembly, muck guide assembly, support shoe assembly, and segment assembler to the foundation pit through the transverse tunnel. Assemble them in sequence with the jig as support. Then, send the trolley assembly into the transverse tunnel and connect the pipelines of the cutterhead assembly, support shoe assembly, segment assembler, and trolley assembly. S3. Excavation: The support shoe in the support shoe assembly extends and presses against the pit wall, and the cutterhead in the cutterhead assembly rotates, pushing upwards and simultaneously discharging slag; S4. Step change: The step change cylinder extends and presses against the tire frame, the support shoe and telescopic cylinder retract, the support shoe assembly moves upward, the support shoe extends and presses against the vertical shaft wall after moving upward, the step change cylinder retracts, and the step change is realized; S5. Segment ring assembly: The segment assembly machine assembles the segment rings on the jig, or the segment assembly machine assembles the segment rings on the segment rings; S6. Support: Grouting is injected between the segment ring and the shaft wall to form support; S7. Measurement and Correction: Measure the verticality of the shaft. If it is qualified, repeat steps S3 to S6 until the target depth is reached. If it is not qualified, perform correction and repeat step S7. S8. Equipment Removal: Remove the trolley assembly, cutterhead assembly, slag guide assembly, support shoe assembly, and segment assembly machine. Construction is now complete.

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