Device and method for preparing high-speed fragments based on civil explosives

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing high-speed fragments based on civil explosives. The device comprises an igniter, a driving device and a speed measuring device, the driving device comprises a cylindrical restraining pipe, an initial charge, an impact flyer, a convergent charge, a fragment loading disc and a fragment layer, wherein the initial charge, the impact flyer, the convergent charge and the fragment loading disc are sequentially arranged in the axial direction of the restraining pipe, and the fragment layer is fixed to the fragment loading disc. The detonating device is arranged on one axial side of the initial charge and used for detonating the initial charge; the speed measuring device comprises a trigger sensor used for detecting fragment movement. The device is compact in structure and high in energy utilization rate, the conversion efficiency from explosive chemical energy to fragment kinetic energy is remarkably improved, and the bottleneck problem that a traditional device is low in fragment initial speed is solved. The method is suitable for researching the anti-penetration performance, the damage mode and the failure mechanism of the target plate under high-speed fragment impact.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of explosion driving and damage technology, and particularly relates to a device and method for preparing high-speed fragments based on civilian explosives. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of explosion driving and damage technology, obtaining high-speed fragments is crucial for studying the dynamic response behavior of materials under impact load. Traditional civilian explosive driving technology is limited by the energy density and driving pressure of the explosive, making it difficult to accelerate the fragments to a high-speed state stably. Therefore, a new device with a relatively simple structure, high energy utilization rate, and the ability to stably produce high-speed fragments is needed. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a device and method for preparing high-speed fragments based on civilian explosives. Through a two-stage energy amplification mechanism, the device achieves efficient acceleration of the fragments, solving the technical problems of low energy utilization rate and limited fragment speed in traditional driving methods.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present application provides a device for preparing high-speed fragments based on civilian explosives, which includes three major components: an initiation device, a driving device, and a speed measurement device. The driving device includes a cylindrical confinement tube, and an initial charge, an impact flyer, a converging charge, a fragment tray, and a fragment layer fixed on the fragment tray arranged axially along the confinement tube. To ensure the reliability of the initiation, the initiation device is arranged on one side of the initial charge axially to initiate the initial charge accurately. Meanwhile, to effectively monitor the speed of the fragments, the speed measurement device includes at least a trigger sensor for detecting the movement of the fragments. This basic architecture effectively solves the core problem of low initial speed of fragments in traditional devices through a two-stage energy amplification design.

[0005] Based on the above-mentioned basic architecture, the present application further optimizes the speed measurement system. Specifically, the speed measurement device further includes a signal receiver and a data processing system, wherein the signal receiver is used to receive the speed information of the fragments, and the data processing system is communicatively connected with the trigger sensor and / or the signal receiver to process the speed data. This supplementary design builds a complete speed measurement chain, solves the problems of incomplete fragment speed measurement and inaccurate data recording, and ensures the accuracy and traceability of the test data.

[0006] In terms of initiation control, the present application provides specific embodiments. The initiation device includes an initiation switch and an initiating agent, and the initiation switch is used to control the initiation of the initiating agent, which is embedded in the initial charge. This design ensures the reliability and controllability of the initiation process, effectively avoids the situation of misfire or initiation failure, and significantly improves the safety and operational convenience of the device.

[0007] In order to adapt to different use environment and operation requirements, the invention refines the detonation element. The detonation switch can be an electric power detonation switch or a guide cable detonation switch, and the detonator is a detonator. This flexible design enables the device to be applicable to laboratories, fields and other environments, greatly enhancing the practicality and reliability of the device.

[0008] In terms of structural support, the invention specially designs the constraint tube. The constraint tube is made of carbon fiber composite material or lightweight metal (high-strength lightweight metal) with strength meeting impact requirements, and the inner wall is in clearance fit with the internal components. This design effectively solves the problems of radial energy loss and component misalignment, and by suppressing the radial expansion of explosion products, the energy is concentrated on the axial drive, significantly improving the energy utilization rate.

[0009] In terms of charge selection, the invention fully considers the practicality and safety. The initial charge and the converging charge are emulsion explosive or ammonium oil explosive, and the converging charge can be initiated by high-speed impact of the impact flyer. This selection enables the device to use safe and easily accessible civilian explosives to achieve high energy amplification, which not only reduces cost and safety risk, but also ensures the effect of detonation wave convergence.

[0010] For key transmission components, the invention particularly focuses on material performance. The impact flyer and the fragment tray are made of metal materials (high density and high strength) that meet the impact requirements in terms of density and strength, including steel, titanium alloy or tungsten alloy. This material selection ensures that the components can withstand high-speed impact and drive fragments, avoids deformation and failure of the flyer or tray, and ensures efficient transmission of impact kinetic energy and stability of fragment acceleration.

[0011] In terms of fragment arrangement, the invention provides a flexible configuration scheme. The fragment layer is arranged in a regular array on the fragment tray by a plurality of spherical, cubic or cylindrical fragments through an adhesive. This design enables the device to simulate the distribution of fragments under different test conditions, ensures the uniformity and repeatability of fragment emission through regular arrangement, and greatly improves the test specificity and accuracy.

[0012] In order to perfect the test function, the invention also provides a target plate assembly. The device further comprises a target plate arranged in front of the movement direction of the fragment layer. This supplement enables the device to test the penetration performance, damage mode and failure mechanism of the fragments on the target, providing standardized test conditions for evaluating the damage effect of fragments in actual application.

[0013] Based on the above device, the application also provides a complete preparation method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, assembling the initial charge, the impact flyer, the converging charge and the fragment tray with the fragment layer in the constraint tube in sequence along the axial direction; then, installing the detonation device on the axial side of the initial charge; then, setting the speed measurement device, at least including a trigger sensor for detecting the movement of the fragments; initiating the initial charge by the detonation device; driving the impact flyer to move at high speed and hit the converging charge after the initial charge detonates; realizing the detonation wave convergence and pressure amplification by the impact initiation of the converging charge; and finally, accelerating the fragment tray and the fragment layer driven by the amplified detonation wave to make the fragments be launched at high speed. The method standardizes the preparation process of high-speed fragments, ensures the operation safety and the repeatability of the results, and effectively solves the problems of chaotic process and low efficiency of the traditional method.

[0014] The device and method for preparing high-speed fragments based on civilian explosives disclosed in the application can bring beneficial effects, including but not limited to: 1. Significant speed improvement: Through the pressure amplification effect of the secondary detonation wave convergence, the speed limit of single-stage explosive driving is broken, and the initial speed of the fragments can be greatly improved.

[0015] 2. High energy utilization rate: The radial expansion of the explosion products is effectively inhibited by the constraint tube, and the energy is concentrated on the axial driving; the kinetic energy of the impact flyer is efficiently converted into higher pressure detonation energy by the secondary amplification mechanism.

[0016] 3. Reasonable structure design: All driving components are integrated in a single constraint tube, the structure is compact and simple, easy to assemble and implement, and the precise cooperation between components is ensured.

[0017] 4. Perfect testing function: From the trigger sensor to the signal reception and data processing, a complete speed measurement chain is formed, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the test data.

[0018] 5. Strong adaptability: By changing the charge type, flyer material and thickness, fragment shape and material, the speed, mass and form of the output fragments can be flexibly adjusted to meet different experimental or application requirements.

[0019] 6. Good safety: The use of civilian explosives reduces the risk and cost, and the reliable structure design ensures the operation safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Fig. 1 : Schematic diagram of the device of the application.

[0021] Fig. 2 : Axial cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the driving device of the application.

[0022] Fig. 3The four position diagrams of the broken pieces in the driving device.

[0023] Illustration: 1-confinement tube, 2-initial charge, 3-impact flyer, 4-converging charge, 5-broken piece tray, 6-broken piece layer, 7-ignition switch, 8-ignition, 9-trigger sensor, 10-signal receiver, 11-data processing system, 12-target plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in the drawings represent the same or similar elements. Although various aspects of the embodiments are illustrated in the drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.

[0025] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connecting" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, or indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or internal communication of two elements or interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] As Figs. 1-3 shown, in a first aspect, the present application provides a device for preparing high-speed broken pieces based on civilian explosives, comprising an ignition device, a driving device and a speed measuring device; the driving device comprises a cylindrical confinement tube 1, and an initial charge 2, an impact flyer 3, a converging charge 4, a broken piece tray 5 and a broken piece layer 6 fixed on the broken piece tray 5 arranged along the axis of the confinement tube 1 in sequence; the ignition device is arranged on the axial side of the initial charge 2 and used to initiate the initial charge 2; the speed measuring device comprises a trigger sensor 9 used to detect the movement of the broken pieces.

[0027] In order to overcome the technical problems of low initial speed of broken pieces and low energy utilization rate of the traditional device, the present application sets a two-stage energy amplification structure (initial charge 2-impact flyer 3-converging charge 4) in the driving device, uses the high-speed impact of the impact flyer 3 on the converging charge 4 to realize the convergence of detonation wave and pressure amplification, so as to accelerate the broken pieces to a high-speed state. At the same time, the trigger sensor 9 is set as the starting component of the speed measuring device, which ensures the timely triggering of speed measurement and improves the test reliability. The device has compact structure and concentrated energy, which significantly improves the conversion efficiency of explosive chemical energy to broken piece kinetic energy.

[0028] In operation, the detonator initiates the primary charge 2, and the primary charge 2 detonation drives the impact flyer 3 to move at high speed to the right; the impact flyer 3 hits the converging charge 4, initiates the converging charge 4 by impact initiation, and realizes detonation wave convergence and pressure amplification; the amplified detonation wave drives the fragment tray 5 and the fragment layer 6 to accelerate to the right, so that the fragments are launched at high speed. The trigger sensor 9 is arranged near the fragment tray 5 or on the path of the fragments, and is used to detect the starting moment of the movement of the fragments. The connection relationship of the components is that the constraint tube 1 provides radial constraint and axial guidance, and the internal components are arranged in the axial direction to ensure the energy transmission efficiency.

[0029] Optionally, the constraint tube 1 can adopt other high-strength tubular structures; the trigger sensor 9 can be arranged on the surface of the fragment tray 5 or an independent support; and the fragment layer 6 can be directly fixed or connected to the fragment tray 5 by other mechanical means.

[0030] In order to solve the problems of incomplete fragment speed measurement and inaccurate data recording, in some optional embodiments, the speed measuring device further comprises a signal receiver 10 and a data processing system 11, the signal receiver 10 is used to receive the speed information of the fragments, and the data processing system 11 is in communication connection with the trigger sensor 9 and / or the signal receiver 10, and is used to process the speed data.

[0031] By adding the signal receiver 10 and the data processing system 11, the complete speed measuring chain is constructed, the real-time collection, storage and analysis of the speed of the fragments are realized, and the accuracy and traceability of the test data are improved.

[0032] Specifically, after the trigger sensor 9 detects the movement of the fragments, a signal is sent to the signal receiver 10 (such as a high-speed camera or a laser speedometer), the signal receiver 10 records the flight data of the fragments, and transmits the flight data to the data processing system 11 (such as a computer) through wired or wireless mode for speed calculation, storage and visualization. The connection relationship is electrical or communication connection, to ensure smooth data transmission.

[0033] It should be noted that the signal receiver 10 can adopt a combination of various speed measuring devices; the data processing system 11 can be integrated into an embedded device or a cloud platform; and the communication mode can include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or wired connection.

[0034] In order to ensure the reliability and controllability of the initiation process, and avoid misfire or initiation failure, in some optional embodiments, the detonator comprises an initiation switch 7 and an initiating agent 8, the initiation switch 7 is used to control the initiation of the initiating agent 8, and the initiating agent 8 is embedded in the primary charge 2. By arranging the initiation switch 7 and the initiating agent 8, the accurate initiation of the primary charge 2 is realized, and the safety and operation convenience of the device are improved.

[0035] Specifically, the operator sends a command through the detonation switch 7, and the detonator 8 (such as a detonator) receives the command and explodes to ignite the initial charge 2. The detonator 8 is embedded in the center or surface of the initial charge 2 to ensure uniform propagation of the detonation wave.

[0036] It should be noted that the detonator 8 can be placed outside the initial charge 2 and detonated by conduction; the detonation switch 7 can be remotely controlled or manually operated.

[0037] In order to provide flexible and adaptable detonation modes for different scenarios, in some optional embodiments, the detonation switch 7 is an electric detonation switch or a wire guide detonation switch, and the detonator 8 is a detonator. The present application can be applied to laboratories, fields and other environments by specifying the types of detonation switch 7 and detonator 8, thereby enhancing the practicality and reliability.

[0038] Specifically, the electric detonation switch triggers the detonator through current, and the wire guide detonation switch detonates the detonator through a wire guide; the detonator is embedded in the initial charge 2 and directly detonates.

[0039] Of course, the detonator 8 can use other industrial detonators or electronic detonators; the detonation switch 7 can be combined with a sensor to achieve automatic detonation.

[0040] In order to solve the problem of radial loss of explosion energy and misalignment of components, in some optional embodiments, the constraint tube 1 is made of carbon fiber composite material or high-strength lightweight metal, and the inner wall of the constraint tube 1 is in clearance fit with the internal components. The present application effectively suppresses the radial expansion of the explosion products by using high-strength lightweight materials and setting clearance fit, thereby concentrating energy in the axial direction, ensuring the axial alignment of the components, and improving the energy utilization rate.

[0041] Specifically, the constraint tube 1 provides a sealed environment during the explosion process, and the clearance fit allows the components to have a small displacement while maintaining overall alignment, thereby avoiding energy leakage.

[0042] In order to use safe and easily accessible civilian explosives to achieve high energy amplification, in some optional embodiments, the initial charge 2 and the converging charge 4 are emulsion explosives or ammonium oil explosives, and the converging charge 4 can be detonated by high-speed impact of the impact flyer 3. The present application reduces the cost and safety risk by selecting emulsion explosives or ammonium oil explosives and ensuring that the converging charge 4 can be detonated by impact, while ensuring the convergence effect of the detonation wave.

[0043] Specifically, the initial charge 2 detonates to drive the impact flyer 3, and the flyer impacts the converging charge 4 to generate a shock wave, thereby initiating detonation. It should be noted that the charge can use other industrial explosives such as water gel explosives; the shape of the converging charge 4 can be optimized to be conical or curved to enhance the convergence effect.

[0044] In order to withstand high-speed impact and drive fragments, avoid flyer or disc deformation failure, in some optional embodiments, the impact flyer 3 and the fragment disc 5 are made of high-density and high-strength metal materials, for example, steel, titanium alloy or tungsten alloy.

[0045] The present application ensures efficient transmission of impact kinetic energy and stability of fragment acceleration by using high-density and high-strength metal materials.

[0046] Specifically, the impact flyer 3 is accelerated by the initial charge 2 and hits the converging charge 4, and the fragment disc 5 drives the fragment layer 6 under the action of the detonation wave. The high density and strength of the material ensure the efficiency of kinetic energy transmission.

[0047] The material can be a composite material or a ceramic coating; the flyer and disc can be designed as a multi-layer structure to optimize performance.

[0048] In order to simulate the distribution of fragments under different test conditions and improve the test pertinence, in some optional embodiments, the fragment layer 6 is arranged in a regular array on the fragment disc 5 by a plurality of spherical, cubic or cylindrical fragments through an adhesive. The present application ensures the uniformity and repeatability of fragment emission by arranging the fragments in a regular array and using an adhesive, and adapts to various experimental requirements. Fig. 3 Four array arrangement modes of fragments are shown.

[0049] Specifically, the fragment layer 6 is accelerated as a whole under the action of the detonation wave, and the regular arrangement makes the flight trajectory of the fragments controllable. The adhesive ensures that the fragments do not fall off during acceleration.

[0050] It should be noted that the shape of the fragments can be a polyhedron or other customized shape; the arrangement mode can be adjusted to be randomly distributed or gradient distributed; and the adhesive can be replaced by a mechanical buckle or welding.

[0051] In order to test the penetration performance, damage mode and failure mechanism of the fragments on the target, in some optional embodiments, a target plate 12 is arranged in front of the movement direction of the fragment layer 6. The present application provides a standardized test target by arranging the target plate 12, which facilitates the evaluation of the damage effect of the fragments in actual application.

[0052] Specifically, the fragments hit the target plate 12 after being launched, and the sensor 9 and the signal receiver 10 record the impact process. The target plate 12 is placed in front of the movement path of the fragments and works cooperatively with the speed measuring device.

[0053] The target plate 12 can be made of different materials (such as metal, composite material) or structures (such as multi-layer plate); and the position can be adjusted to simulate different impact angles.

[0054] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application also provide a method for preparing high-speed fragments using the device, comprising the following steps: S1: Assemble sequentially the initial charge 2, the impact flyer 3, the converging charge 4 and the fragment tray 5 with the fragment layer 6 in the axial direction within the constraint tube 1; S2: Install the detonation device on the axial side of the initial charge 2; S3: Set up the speed measurement device, at least including the trigger sensor 9 for detecting the motion of the fragments; S4: Initiate the initial charge 2 by the detonation device; S5: The initial charge 2 explodes, driving the impact flyer 3 to move at high speed and hit the converging charge 4; S6: The converging charge 4 is impact initiated, realizing the convergence of the detonation wave and the amplification of pressure; S7: The amplified detonation wave drives the fragment tray 5 and the fragment layer 6 to accelerate, so that the fragments are launched at high speed. In the present application, high speed refers to a speed greater than 1600 m / s.

[0055] The above method specifies the preparation process of high-speed fragments, ensures the safety of operation and the repeatability of results, and realizes the two-stage energy amplification and the acceleration of fragments through the clear assembly, initiation and speed measurement steps. The steps are linked together, ensuring the continuity of energy transmission and data acquisition.

[0056] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and examples.

[0057] Example 1: The constraint tube 1 is selected to be a carbon fiber tube with an inner diameter of 500 mm and a wall thickness of 5 mm, which not only ensures sufficient structural strength but also has a relatively light weight. The initial charge 2 and the converging charge 4 are both selected to be emulsion explosives, which have good detonation performance and stability. The impact flyer 3 and the fragment tray 5 are both 45 steel round pieces with a diameter of 495 mm (precise gap fit with the inner diameter of the constraint tube 1) and a thickness of 2 mm, ensuring the structural integrity under high-speed impact.

[0058] The fragment layer 6 is uniformly adhered to the right side surface of the fragment tray 5 by epoxy resin glue, and is arranged in a concentric circle uniform distribution manner. An industrial No. 8 detonator is embedded in the left center of the initial charge 2 as the initiating object 8, and is connected to the detonating switch as the detonation switch 7. The photoelectric sensor is installed on the surface of the fragment tray 5 as the trigger sensor 9, and the target plate 12 is set 1 meter away on the right side, and the laser speed meter is installed in front of the target plate 12 as the signal receiver 10. All speed measurement devices are connected to the computer as the data processing system 11.

[0059] When assembled, ensure that each component is tightly fitted to the tube wall, and keep strict axial alignment. When detonated, the detonator is ignited by the guide cable detonator switch, and the detonator ignites the initial charge 2. The initial charge 2 explodes to generate a detonation wave, which drives the impact flyer 3 to move at high speed to the right. The impact flyer 3 hits the converging charge 4 at a very high speed, and the impact wave generated by the impact develops into a detonation in the converging charge 4, forming a high pressure zone. Under the driving of the high pressure, the fragment tray 5 and the tungsten alloy preformed fragments thereon are accelerated to a speed of more than 2000 m / s within a time of microseconds.

[0060] In this process, the light sensor is triggered at the moment of fragment emission, the laser speedometer records the time of the fragment passing through a specific distance, and the computer processes the data in real time and displays the fragment speed curve. After the fragment hits the target plate 12, the penetration performance and damage mode can be further analyzed.

[0061] Example 2: In another embodiment, the confinement tube 1 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and the inner diameter is adjusted to 300 mm. The initial charge 2 is ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, and the converging charge 4 is emulsion explosive, forming a heterogeneous charge combination. The impact flyer 3 is made of titanium alloy, and the fragment tray 5 is made of high-strength steel. The fragment layer 6 is made of cubic steel fragments, which are arranged in a square array and fixed on the fragment tray 5.

[0062] The detonation device uses an electric detonation system, uses an electric detonator as the detonator 8, and connects a remote control detonation switch. The speed measuring device uses a pressure sensor as the trigger sensor 9, cooperates with a high-speed camera as the signal receiver 10, and completes speed analysis through a data processing system 11.

[0063] This embodiment is particularly suitable for field test environment, and realizes remote safe operation through electric detonation, records the fragment flight trajectory through high-speed photography, and provides reliable data support for fragment performance research under different conditions.

[0064] The above has described the embodiments of the present application, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes are obvious to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A device for preparing high-speed fragments based on civilian explosives, characterized in that, Includes detonation device, drive device, and speed measuring device; The driving device includes a cylindrical constraint tube (1), and an initial charge (2), an impact flyer (3), a converging charge (4), a fragment tray (5), and a fragment layer (6) fixed on the fragment tray (5) arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the constraint tube (1). The detonation device is located on one side of the axial direction of the initial charge (2) and is used to detonate the initial charge (2). The velocity measuring device includes a trigger sensor (9) for detecting the movement of the fragments.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The speed measuring device also includes a signal receiver (10) and a data processing system (11). The signal receiver (10) is used to receive the speed information of the fragments. The data processing system (11) is communicatively connected to the trigger sensor (9) and / or the signal receiver (10) and is used to process the speed data.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The detonation device includes a detonation switch (7) and a detonator (8). The detonation switch (7) is used to control the detonation of the detonator (8), which is embedded in the initial charge (2).

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The detonator switch (7) is an electric detonator or a wire detonator, and the detonator (8) is a detonator.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constraint tube (1) is made of carbon fiber composite material or lightweight metal with strength that meets the impact requirements, and its inner wall is clearance-fitted with each internal component.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial charge (2) and the converging charge (4) are emulsion explosives or ammonium nitrate explosives, and the converging charge (4) can be detonated by impact from the impact flyer (3).

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impact flying piece (3) and the fragment tray (5) are made of metal materials whose density and strength meet the impact requirements.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fragment layer (6) consists of multiple spherical, cubic or cylindrical fragments arranged in a regular array on the fragment tray (5) by an adhesive.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a target plate (12) positioned in front of the movement direction of the fragment layer (6).

10. A method for preparing high-speed fragments using the apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Assemble the initial charge (2), impact flyer (3), converging charge (4), and fragment tray (5) with fragment layer (6) in sequence along the axial direction inside the constraint tube (1). S2: Install a detonation device on one side of the initial charge (2); S3: Set up a speed measuring device, including at least a trigger sensor (9) for detecting the movement of the fragments. S4: Detonate the initial charge (2) by means of the detonation device; S5: The initial charge (2) detonates, driving the impact flyer (3) to move at high speed and collide with the converging charge (4). S6: The converging charge (4) is detonated by impact, achieving detonation wave convergence and pressure amplification; S7: The amplified detonation wave drives the fragment tray (5) and the fragment layer (6) to accelerate, causing the fragments to be launched at high speed.

Images