Coal dust deflagration simulation test device and test method

Abstract

The invention provides a coal dust deflagration simulation test device and method, the coal dust deflagration simulation test device comprises a test bin body, an ignition assembly and a monitoring member, the test bin body comprises a test base and a simulation bin, the simulation bin is detachably connected with the base, the simulation bin is also provided with a first observation window, and the ignition assembly is detachably connected with the first observation window in the height direction of the test bin body. The test bin body is provided with a first simulation area and a second simulation area, the first simulation area is located in the simulation bin, the second simulation area is located on the test base, the first simulation area and the second simulation area are used for arranging coal samples, the ignition assembly comprises a first ignition part and a second ignition part, the first ignition part is arranged in the first simulation area, and the second ignition part is arranged in the second simulation area; the first ignition part and the second ignition part are used for igniting explosives, and the monitoring part is arranged close to the first observation window and used for observing and recording the explosion process in the test bin body through the first observation window. The coal dust detonation simulation test device has the advantages of controllable test parameters and high data accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine safety engineering technology, specifically to a coal dust explosion simulation test device and test method. Background Technology

[0002] Coal dust explosions are a major safety hazard in coal mine production. Accurately simulating the process of coal dust deflagration caused by on-site explosive detonation is of great significance for studying the characteristics of coal dust explosions and analyzing the causes of accidents.

[0003] In related technologies, coal dust deflagration simulation tests have the following shortcomings: the test devices are simple in structure, mostly consisting of a single pipe or container, which cannot accurately simulate the dynamic process of coal dust cloud and secondary explosion caused by on-site explosive detonation; the test methods lack systematicity and do not consider the synergistic effects of multiple parameters such as coal dust quality, explosive dosage, ignition location, and delay time, resulting in a large deviation between the simulation results and actual accidents; and the recording and analysis of key phenomena such as explosion flame and coal dust cloud diffusion during the test are insufficient, making it difficult to fully reflect the mechanism of coal dust deflagration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0005] Therefore, embodiments of the present invention propose a coal dust explosion simulation test device and test method, wherein the coal dust explosion simulation test device has the advantages of controllable test parameters and high data accuracy.

[0006] The coal dust deflagration simulation test apparatus of this invention includes: The test chamber includes a test base and a simulation chamber, the simulation chamber being detachably connected to the base. The simulation chamber also has a first observation window. In the height direction of the test chamber, the test chamber has a first simulation area and a second simulation area. The first simulation area is located inside the simulation chamber, and the second simulation area is located on the test base. Both the first simulation area and the second simulation area are used to set up coal samples. An ignition assembly, comprising a first ignition element and a second ignition element, wherein the first ignition element is disposed in the first simulation zone and the second ignition element is disposed in the second simulation zone, and the first ignition element and the second ignition element are used to ignite explosives; A monitoring device is arranged adjacent to the first observation window for observing and recording the explosion process inside the test chamber through the first observation window.

[0007] The coal dust explosion simulation test device of this invention provides a hardware foundation for systematically studying the synergistic effects of multiple parameters such as coal dust quality, explosive dosage, ignition location, and delay time. Researchers can comprehensively analyze the influence of various factors on the explosion characteristics of coal dust by designing orthogonal experiments, thus solving the problems of unsystematic testing methods and large deviations in results.

[0008] Furthermore, it becomes possible to clearly record the propagation speed and morphological changes of the explosion flames, as well as the formation and diffusion process of coal dust clouds. In-depth analysis of these key phenomena can reveal the intrinsic mechanism of coal dust deflagration, providing valuable data support for accident cause analysis and the development of protective technologies, thus compensating for the shortcomings in recording and analyzing key phenomena in previous experiments.

[0009] In some embodiments, there are multiple first observation windows, which are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the test chamber, and there are multiple monitoring devices, each of which corresponds to one of the multiple first observation windows.

[0010] In some embodiments, in the height direction of the test chamber, the coal sample in the first simulation zone is placed between two adjacent first observation windows.

[0011] In some embodiments, the test chamber further includes an observation chamber connected to the simulation chamber. The cavity of the observation chamber is connected to the first simulation area. The wall of the observation chamber is provided with a second observation window, and the monitoring device is arranged correspondingly on the outside of the second observation window.

[0012] In some embodiments, the first ignition element is located above the coal sample in the first simulation zone, the coal sample in the second simulation zone is laid on the upper surface of the test base, and the second ignition element is arranged adjacent to the upper surface of the test base.

[0013] In some embodiments, the ignition time of the second ignition element is delayed compared to the ignition time of the first ignition element.

[0014] The coal dust explosion simulation test method of this invention, which is performed using the coal dust explosion simulation test device described in any of the above embodiments, includes the following steps: Conduct a blank control test: No coal dust is laid in the test device, only explosives with different preset amounts are installed, ignited and the explosion process is recorded, and the amount of explosives in subsequent tests is determined based on the recorded explosion characteristics; A coal dust deflagration test was conducted at a single ignition point: all the preset mass of coal dust was laid in the first simulation area of ​​the test device, explosives and the first ignition device were installed in the first simulation area, ignited and the explosion process was recorded. Coal dust explosion test at dual ignition positions: The total mass of coal dust is divided into two parts and laid in the first and second simulation areas of the test device, respectively. Explosives and the first ignition device are installed in the first simulation area, and explosives and the second ignition device are installed in the second simulation area. A delay time is set for the second ignition device, and the ignition and explosion process is recorded.

[0015] In some embodiments, the ignition process is performed remotely, and the delay time of the second ignition element is set to 50ms or 75ms.

[0016] In some embodiments, the mass of coal dust is adjustable between 0 kg and 5 kg, and the amount of explosive is adjustable between 0 g and 100 g.

[0017] In some embodiments, the blank control test and the coal dust deflagration test further include the following steps: Fix the test apparatus and install a high-speed camera at its observation window; Personnel were evacuated to a safe area, and the ignition device was remotely controlled to ignite the explosives, thereby triggering a coal dust explosion. The explosion process was recorded by monitoring devices, and images of flame propagation were obtained. By analyzing flame propagation images, the flame propagation speed and intensity characteristics of coal dust deflagration are quantified. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the coal dust explosion simulation test device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the coal dust explosion simulation test device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure label: 100. Coal sample 1. Test chamber body; 11. Test base; 12. Simulation chamber; 13. Observation chamber; 14. Lifting lug; 15. First observation window; 16. Second observation window. 101. First simulation area; 102. Second simulation area. 21. First ignition component; 22. Second ignition component. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0022] The following describes the coal dust explosion simulation test device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the coal dust explosion simulation test device of this invention includes: test chamber 1, ignition assembly and monitoring components (not shown in the figure).

[0024] The test chamber 1 includes a test base 11 and a simulation chamber 12. The simulation chamber 12 is detachably connected to the base. The simulation chamber 12 also has a first observation window 15, which is located in the height direction of the test chamber 1 (e.g., ...). Figure 1 In the vertical direction, the test chamber 1 has a first simulation area 101 and a second simulation area 102. The first simulation area 101 is located inside the simulation chamber 12, and the second simulation area 102 is located on the test base 11. Both the first simulation area 101 and the second simulation area 102 are used to set up coal samples 100.

[0025] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the simulation chamber 12 is connected to the test base 11 in a detachable manner (such as by bolts). This design allows researchers to quickly replace or adjust the simulation chamber 12 according to different test requirements (such as changing the chamber volume or internal structure), enhancing the versatility and flexibility of the device.

[0026] The test chamber 1 is divided into two independent areas along its height: a first simulation area 101 and a second simulation area 102. The first simulation area 101 is located in the upper simulation chamber 12, while the second simulation area 102 is located in the lower test base 11. A first observation window 15 is provided on the simulation chamber 12, providing a direct channel for external monitoring equipment to observe the interior of the test chamber 1.

[0027] In addition, the outer wall of the simulation chamber 12 is symmetrically equipped with lifting lugs 14, which can be used to facilitate the transportation or installation of the simulation chamber 12 by using lifting lugs 14.

[0028] The ignition assembly includes a first ignition element 21 and a second ignition element 22. The first ignition element 21 is located in the first simulation zone 101, and the second ignition element 22 is located in the second simulation zone 102. The first ignition element 21 and the second ignition element 22 are used to ignite the explosive.

[0029] The first ignition element 21 is located within the first simulation zone 101. The first ignition element 21 can be fixedly connected to the wall of the simulation chamber 12 to be securely installed in the upper space of the simulation chamber 12. Its function is to detonate explosives (such as dynamite) in that area.

[0030] The second ignition element 22 is located within the second simulation zone 102. The second ignition element 22 is installed in the test base 11, and its function is to detonate the explosives in the base area. The two ignition elements are spatially separated and controlled by an independent control system, allowing for ignition at different times and locations.

[0031] It should be noted that the first ignition element 21 and the second ignition element 22 can be permitted digital electronic detonators for coal mines to facilitate remote ignition.

[0032] The monitoring device is arranged adjacent to the first observation window 15 for observing and recording the explosion process inside the test chamber 1 through the first observation window 15.

[0033] The monitoring device is positioned adjacent to the first observation window 15. This means that the monitoring device (such as a high-speed camera, spectrometer, etc.) is placed outside the test chamber 1, directly facing the observation window. The monitoring device forms a non-contact optical connection with the interior of the test chamber 1 through the first observation window 15. It does not need to extend into the explosive environment, but rather captures dynamic images and data from inside through the robust observation window glass.

[0034] In other words, the detachably connected simulation chamber 12 and base form a vertical first simulation zone 101 and a second simulation zone 102. The first ignition element 21 detonates the explosive in the first simulation zone 101, and its explosive shockwave precisely lifts the coal dust sample located in the second simulation zone 102, forming a high-concentration coal dust cloud. Subsequently, the second ignition element 22 or the flame from the first explosion ignites the coal dust cloud, thus completely replicating the dynamic chain process of "explosive explosion → dust emission → secondary explosion." This solves the problem that traditional single-container systems cannot simulate the dust emission process.

[0035] The detachable simulation chamber 12 allows researchers to replace chambers of different volumes or shapes to simulate tunnels of varying sizes. The independent first simulation zone 101 and second simulation zone 102 allow for precise control and arrangement of coal dust quality and explosive dosage within the two zones. Separate first and second ignition components 21 and 22 enable precise control over ignition location, ignition energy, and the delay time between ignitions.

[0036] In other words, the coal dust explosion simulation test device of this invention provides a hardware foundation for systematically studying the synergistic effects of multiple parameters such as coal dust quality, explosive dosage, ignition location, and delay time. Researchers can comprehensively analyze the influence of various factors on the explosion characteristics of coal dust by designing orthogonal experiments, thus solving the problems of unsystematic testing methods and large deviations in results.

[0037] Furthermore, it becomes possible to clearly record the propagation speed and morphological changes of the explosion flames, as well as the formation and diffusion process of coal dust clouds. In-depth analysis of these key phenomena can reveal the intrinsic mechanism of coal dust deflagration, providing valuable data support for accident cause analysis and the development of protective technologies, thus compensating for the shortcomings in recording and analyzing key phenomena in previous experiments.

[0038] In some embodiments, there are multiple first observation windows 15, which are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the test chamber 1. There are multiple monitoring elements, which correspond one-to-one with the multiple first observation windows 15.

[0039] It is understandable that, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, multiple first observation windows 15 are set on the test chamber 1 (mainly the simulation chamber 12). These first observation windows 15 are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction, forming multiple observation points at different heights. Correspondingly, multiple monitoring devices are also set. Each monitoring device is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with a first observation window 15. This means that each observation window is equipped with a dedicated monitoring device, and together they constitute a multi-angle, multi-height three-dimensional observation system.

[0040] In other words, images captured simultaneously by multiple monitoring devices (such as multiple high-speed cameras) can be used to construct evolution models of explosion flames, coal dust clouds, etc., in three-dimensional space. Researchers can accurately analyze the propagation speed of the explosion along the axial direction (height direction), changes in flame structure (such as the transition from laminar to turbulent flow), and the concentration and motion state of coal dust clouds at different heights, providing much richer physical information than from a two-dimensional perspective.

[0041] In some embodiments, in the height direction of the test chamber 1, the coal sample 100 in the first simulation zone 101 is positioned between two adjacent first observation windows 15.

[0042] Understandably, the coal sample 100, located within the first simulation zone 101, is positioned between two adjacent first observation windows 15. This creates an "enclosed" observation structure, with one observation window above and below (or on both sides depending on the layout) in the specific spatial segment where the coal sample 100 is located.

[0043] In other words, coal sample 100 is placed between two observation windows so that the two observation points can focus on the same core reaction area from different heights (or angles)—that is, the initial stage in which coal sample 100 is ignited, burns, and spreads outward.

[0044] Unlike observing different areas separately, this design can simultaneously capture multiple dimensions of the explosion phenomenon within a specific area. For example, the monitor in the lower observation window can record the arrival and morphology of the flame front, while the monitor in the upper observation window can record changes after the flame passes through the area. This simultaneous, multi-angle data is crucial for analyzing the flame propagation behavior, chemical reaction rates, and energy release characteristics in the region.

[0045] In some embodiments, the test chamber 1 further includes an observation chamber 13, which is connected to the simulation chamber 12. The cavity of the observation chamber 13 is connected to the first simulation area 101. The wall of the observation chamber 13 is provided with a second observation window 16, and monitoring components are arranged on the outer side of the second observation window 16.

[0046] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the observation chamber 13 can also be connected to the simulation chamber 12 via bolts or the like. Although the observation chamber 13 is connected to the first simulation zone 101, its main structure is located outside the main explosion zone. In the event of a violent explosion, the shock wave and high-temperature flames mainly propagate and are released within the simulation chamber 12 and the test base 11. As a lateral passage, the observation chamber 13 typically experiences far less pressure and thermal shock than the main chamber directly facing the explosion source.

[0047] Understandably, even if an overpressure explosion damages simulation chamber 12 or its observation window, observation chamber 13 and its monitoring equipment may remain intact. This physical isolation and protection greatly enhances the safety of the precision monitoring equipment. Simultaneously, researchers can conduct experiments and equipment maintenance from a safer distance and under safer conditions, strengthening the fault tolerance of the entire experimental system.

[0048] Optionally, lifting lugs 14 are also provided on the outer wall of the observation chamber 13 to facilitate the installation and transportation of the observation chamber 13.

[0049] In some embodiments, the first ignition element 21 is located above the coal sample 100 in the first simulation zone 101, the coal sample 100 in the second simulation zone 102 is laid on the upper surface of the test base 11, and the second ignition element 22 is arranged adjacent to the upper surface of the test base 11.

[0050] It is understandable that, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the design of the first ignition element 21 located above the coal sample 100 accurately simulates the scenario of an accidental explosion of explosives falling from the roof or suspended in a coal mine roadway. After the first ignition element 21 (representing the explosive) is detonated, its blast shock wave will directly act on the coal sample 100 below or to the side. The coal sample 100 in the second simulation area 102 is laid on the upper surface of the base, realistically reproducing the deposition state of coal dust on the roadway floor.

[0051] In other words, when the first ignition element 21 above detonates, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and shock wave it generates will impact vertically or obliquely downwards, efficiently raising the deposited coal dust laid on the base and forming a suspended coal dust cloud with a specific concentration and particle size distribution. This solves the fundamental defect of traditional experimental devices that cannot effectively simulate the key pre-process of "dust raising".

[0052] It should be noted that in real-world scenarios, the ignition source of a secondary coal dust explosion could be the flame or high-temperature gas from the initial explosion, or other ignition sources ejected by the shock wave. The second ignition element 22 is positioned adjacent to the upper surface of the base, a design that provides high flexibility. Method 1: The second ignition element 22 can be left unactivated, allowing the explosion flame of the first ignition element 21 to directly ignite the cloud of coal dust, simulating "direct ignition by flame".

[0053] Method 2: A delay time can be set so that after the coal dust cloud forms and reaches the optimal explosive concentration, it is then ignited by the adjacent second ignition device 22 to simulate "independent ignition source ignition". This is closer to a secondary explosion caused by electrical sparks from equipment raised by the shock wave.

[0054] This design allows researchers to precisely control and differentiate different secondary ignition mechanisms, study the intrinsic relationship between flame propagation, ignition delay time and the explosive power of coal dust clouds, and make experimental conditions closer to complex and variable real-world accidents.

[0055] In some embodiments, the ignition time of the second ignition element 22 is delayed compared to the ignition time of the first ignition element 21.

[0056] It is understandable that in a real coal mine dust explosion accident, there is an inevitable time difference between the initial explosive detonation (such as the first ignition device 21), the raising of a sufficiently concentrated coal dust cloud, and the ignition of the coal dust cloud to cause a secondary explosion (such as the second ignition device 22).

[0057] In other words, by setting an ignition delay time, the experiment can accurately reproduce the complete time sequence of "explosion → dust storm → secondary explosion". The existence of the delay time is a prerequisite for simulating the real physical process, eliminating the physical irrationality of synchronous ignition, making the simulation results closer to actual working conditions, and greatly improving the practical significance of the experiment and the accuracy of accident analysis.

[0058] Preferably, the delay time of the second ignition element 22 is set to 50ms or 75ms.

[0059] The following describes the coal dust explosion simulation test method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] The coal dust explosion simulation test method of this invention, which is performed using any of the coal dust explosion simulation test devices described in the above embodiments, includes the following steps: Conduct a blank control test: Do not lay coal dust in the test device, but only install explosives with different preset amounts, ignite and record the explosion process, and determine the amount of explosives in subsequent tests based on the recorded explosion characteristics.

[0061] Understandably, the purpose of this step is to isolate the influence of coal dust and study the explosion effect of the explosive itself within the specific device structure. By recording characteristics such as explosion pressure, flame morphology, and shock wave intensity under different explosive charges, a baseline relationship curve between "explosive charge amount and explosion power" can be established.

[0062] In other words, this curve serves as the benchmark for all subsequent experiments. It provides a precise basis for determining the initial explosion energy required in subsequent coal dust experiments, ensuring that the amount of explosive is sufficient to effectively raise coal dust without completely masking the contribution of the coal dust explosion due to its excessive power, thus guaranteeing the comparability and scientific validity of the experimental data.

[0063] A coal dust deflagration test was conducted at a single ignition point: all the preset mass of coal dust was laid in the first simulation zone 101 of the test device, and explosives and the first ignition element 21 were installed in the first simulation zone 101. The explosion process was ignited and recorded.

[0064] Understandably, this step simulates a single-point-source explosion scenario where coal dust and the explosion source are in the same space. Its purpose is to study the explosion characteristics of a specific concentration of coal dust cloud being directly ignited without any dust-raising process.

[0065] This experiment provides baseline data for a "pure coal dust explosion." By comparing it with the results of a blank control experiment, the enhancing effect of coal dust on the explosive power can be preliminarily assessed. Simultaneously, it provides a direct reference for the initial coal dust explosion occurring in the first simulated zone 101 during subsequent dual-ignition experiments, helping to distinguish the contributions of the initial and secondary explosions.

[0066] Coal dust explosion test at dual ignition positions: The total mass of coal dust is divided into two parts and laid in the first simulation area 101 and the second simulation area 102 of the test device, respectively. Explosives and the first ignition element 21 are installed in the first simulation area 101, and explosives and the second ignition element 22 are installed in the second simulation area 102. A delay time is set for the second ignition element 22, and the ignition and explosion process are recorded.

[0067] Understandably, this method accurately reproduces the most destructive secondary explosion accident pattern in coal mines through spatial partitioning and temporal delay. By changing parameters such as the distribution ratio of coal dust and the delay time of the second ignition element 22, the synergistic and enhancing effects between the primary and secondary explosions can be systematically studied to identify the "dangerous combination" that leads to the maximum explosive power.

[0068] In other words, by comparing the test results of this step (such as the total explosion pressure) with the results of the first two steps, we can quantitatively analyze and evaluate the actual contribution and amplification effect of the secondary explosion caused by the dust process in the entire disaster.

[0069] In some embodiments, the ignition process is performed remotely, and the delay time of the second ignition element 22 is set to 50ms or 75ms.

[0070] Understandably, coal dust explosion tests involve extremely high instantaneous energy release and destructive power. Any form of close-range or manual ignition would place operators in an extremely dangerous environment.

[0071] Using remote ignition (such as electronic control, fiber optic, or wireless signal triggering), researchers can initiate tests from a safe distance (e.g., behind a control room or explosion-proof shelter). This fundamentally eliminates the risk of personal injury and protects expensive monitoring equipment and control centers from direct damage by the blast wave, representing a fundamental safety requirement for any explosion test.

[0072] In scientific research, the repeatability of an experiment is the cornerstone of verifying the reliability of conclusions. By specifically setting the delay time to 50ms or 75ms, the experiment provides a precise and quantifiable operational standard. In other words, for the same series of experiments, precise parameter settings ensure that the conditions are consistent for each repeated experiment, thereby eliminating data deviations caused by operational arbitrariness and ensuring the stability and reliability of the research results.

[0073] The delay time of the second ignition element 22 is 50ms, which may be close to the moment when the coal dust cloud concentration reaches or is slightly below the optimal explosion concentration, but the turbulence is very high. At this time, the explosion pressure rise rate may be the fastest. The delay time of the second ignition element 22 is 75ms, which may correspond to the moment when the coal dust cloud concentration reaches its peak, forming the moment most conducive to full deflagration. At this time, the maximum explosion pressure may be the highest.

[0074] In some embodiments, the mass of coal dust is adjustable between 0 kg and 5 kg, and the amount of explosive is adjustable between 0 g and 100 g.

[0075] Understandably, a coal dust mass of 0 kg is used to perform a blank control experiment to study the effects of pure explosives and provide a baseline for subsequent data. An explosive quantity of 0 g can be used to study coal dust explosions caused purely by weak ignition sources such as chemical igniters, and to analyze their ignition limits and minimum ignition energy.

[0076] In other words, starting from zero and progressing to a combination of 5 kg of coal dust and 100 g of explosives, this device can simulate everything from small-scale deflagrations in the laboratory to powerful explosions approaching small-scale industrial accidents. This makes the research results not only theoretically significant but also have direct practical reference value.

[0077] It should be noted that by gradually increasing the mass of coal dust from 0 with a fixed amount of explosive (e.g., 50g), the lower explosive limit concentration of coal dust (the lowest concentration of coal dust that can be ignited) at a given dust intensity can be accurately determined. Conversely, by gradually increasing the amount of explosive with a fixed amount of coal dust, the minimum ignition energy (or critical dust intensity) can be studied.

[0078] These critical parameters are the direct scientific basis for formulating coal mine safety regulations (such as dust concentration standards and open flame management regulations). The device's wide range of adjustment capabilities makes it possible and accurate to measure these key safety parameters.

[0079] During use, multiple comparative tests were conducted by controlling the coal dust quality, explosive dosage, ignition location, and delay time. The specific steps are as follows: A blank control test was conducted (i.e., no coal dust was present, and only the explosive characteristics of the explosive were tested), using only the second ignition element 22 (i.e., ignition point No. 2): Open the test chamber 1, and install the second ignition element 22 (coal mine permitted digital electronic detonator) and the secondary coal mine permitted emulsion explosive (such as 0g, 5g, 10g, 50g, 100g) on ​​the test base 11 according to the preset dosage. Close test chamber 1 and secure the device; install a high-speed camera at the observation window. Personnel were evacuated to a safe area, and the explosion was recorded remotely using a high-speed camera. Analyze the images, clean the apparatus, and prepare for the next set of tests.

[0080] A single ignition point coal dust deflagration test was conducted (only the first ignition element 21 was ignited, i.e., ignition point 1): Open the test chamber 1, and evenly spread a preset mass of coal dust (such as 1kg, 2kg, 3kg, with a coal sample particle size ≤75μm) at the bottom of the test base 11. Install detonators and explosives in the coal dust (the amount of explosives is determined based on the results of the blank test). Fix test chamber 1 and install a high-speed camera at the observation window; After personnel evacuation, remotely control ignition and record the changes in the explosion flame (if delayed ignition at point 2 is involved, set the delay time to 50ms or 75ms). Analyze the images, clean the device, and repeat the experiment.

[0081] Conduct a coal dust deflagration test at two ignition points (i.e., co-ignition at points 1 and 2): Open the test chamber 1 and lay a preset mass of coal dust (such as 0.5kg+0.5kg, 1kg+1kg, 1.5kg+1.5kg, placed at point 1 and point 2 respectively) at the bottom of the test base 11. Install detonators and explosives at points 1 and 2 respectively, and set a delayed ignition (50ms or 75ms) at point 2. The device was fixed in place and equipped with a high-speed camera. After personnel evacuated, it was remotely ignited to record the explosion process. Analyze the images, clean the device, and repeat the experiment.

[0082] Taking coal dust (particle size ≤75μm) at a certain accident site as an example, the following table shall be followed:

[0083] In some embodiments, the blank control test and the coal dust deflagration test further include the following steps: fixing the test device and setting a high-speed camera at its observation window; evacuating personnel to a safe area, remotely controlling the ignition device to ignite the explosive to trigger the coal dust deflagration; recording the explosion process through the monitoring device to obtain flame propagation images; analyzing the flame propagation images to quantify the flame propagation speed and intensity characteristics of the coal dust deflagration.

[0084] Understandably, securing the equipment is the primary prerequisite for ensuring the safety of the test and the reliability of the data. It is essential to ensure that the test chamber 1 is firmly fixed to the foundation or supporting structure to withstand the enormous recoil and impact generated during the explosion, and to prevent secondary hazards caused by equipment displacement or overturning.

[0085] Setting up a high-speed camera is the core of data acquisition. As a critical monitoring component, the high-speed camera is precisely aligned and fixed to the outside of the observation window. Its parameters (such as frame rate, resolution, and exposure time) need to be preset based on the predicted explosion velocity and brightness to ensure that the transient flame front can be clearly captured.

[0086] The ignition mechanism is activated via a control system. This not only ensures personnel safety but also guarantees the synchronization and accuracy of the ignition signal, especially for dual-ignition tests requiring precise delay times. A high-speed camera records from the instant before ignition until the explosion flame extinguishes or leaves the field of view, capturing the complete dynamic process. The resulting video or image sequence is the raw and most valuable data for all subsequent analyses. It records the flame's shape, color, brightness, and its evolution over time and space in a visually compelling way.

[0087] Therefore, the coal dust deflagration simulation test method of the present invention has the following effects: The structure is reasonable. The test chamber 1 adopts a multi-section combination, which can be easily adjusted according to different test environments. The observation window design is convenient for recording explosion details. The test parameters are controllable: by adjusting the coal dust mass (0-5kg), explosive dosage (0-100g), ignition position (single point / double point), and delay time (50 / 75ms), multi-scenario simulation can be achieved, which is close to the actual field situation; Accurate and reliable data: By combining high-speed cameras to record flame changes, the characteristics of coal dust explosion intensity and propagation speed can be quantitatively analyzed, providing direct evidence for accident analysis; High safety: The test is conducted in a dedicated facility, with personnel operating remotely and evacuating to a safe area, strictly adhering to regulations for the management of explosives to ensure test safety.

[0088] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0089] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0090] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0091] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0092] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0093] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal dust deflagration simulation test device, characterized in that, include: The test chamber includes a test base and a simulation chamber, the simulation chamber being detachably connected to the base. The simulation chamber also has a first observation window. In the height direction of the test chamber, the test chamber has a first simulation area and a second simulation area. The first simulation area is located inside the simulation chamber, and the second simulation area is located on the test base. Both the first simulation area and the second simulation area are used to set up coal samples. An ignition assembly, comprising a first ignition element and a second ignition element, wherein the first ignition element is disposed in the first simulation zone and the second ignition element is disposed in the second simulation zone, and the first ignition element and the second ignition element are used to ignite explosives; A monitoring device is arranged adjacent to the first observation window for observing and recording the explosion process inside the test chamber through the first observation window.

2. The coal dust explosion simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple first observation windows, which are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the test chamber. There are multiple monitoring devices, which correspond one-to-one with the multiple first observation windows.

3. The coal dust explosion simulation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the height direction of the test chamber, the coal sample in the first simulation zone is placed between two adjacent first observation windows.

4. The coal dust explosion simulation test device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The test chamber also includes an observation chamber, which is connected to the simulation chamber. The cavity of the observation chamber is connected to the first simulation area. The wall of the observation chamber is provided with a second observation window, and the monitoring device is arranged on the outer side of the second observation window.

5. The coal dust explosion simulation test device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first ignition element is located above the coal sample in the first simulation zone, the coal sample in the second simulation zone is laid on the upper surface of the test base, and the second ignition element is arranged adjacent to the upper surface of the test base.

6. The coal dust explosion simulation test device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ignition time of the second ignition element is delayed compared to the ignition time of the first ignition element.

7. A method for simulating coal dust explosion, wherein the method is performed using the coal dust explosion simulation test apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Conduct a blank control test: No coal dust is laid in the test device, only explosives with different preset amounts are installed, ignited and the explosion process is recorded, and the amount of explosives in subsequent tests is determined based on the recorded explosion characteristics; A coal dust deflagration test was conducted at a single ignition point: all the preset mass of coal dust was laid in the first simulation area of ​​the test device, explosives and the first ignition device were installed in the first simulation area, ignited and the explosion process was recorded. Coal dust explosion test at dual ignition positions: The total mass of coal dust is divided into two parts and laid in the first and second simulation areas of the test device, respectively. Explosives and the first ignition device are installed in the first simulation area, and explosives and the second ignition device are installed in the second simulation area. A delay time is set for the second ignition device, and the ignition and explosion process is recorded.

8. The coal dust deflagration simulation test method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The ignition process is all done remotely, and the delay time of the second ignition element is set to 50ms or 75ms.

9. The coal dust explosion simulation test method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mass of coal dust is adjustable from 0 kg to 5 kg, and the amount of explosives is adjustable from 0 g to 100 g.

10. The coal dust deflagration simulation test method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The blank control test and the coal dust explosion test also include the following steps: Fix the test apparatus and install a high-speed camera at its observation window; Personnel were evacuated to a safe area, and the ignition device was remotely controlled to ignite the explosives, thereby triggering a coal dust explosion. The explosion process was recorded by monitoring devices, and images of flame propagation were obtained. By analyzing flame propagation images, the flame propagation speed and intensity characteristics of coal dust deflagration are quantified.

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