Geological exploration dynamic sounding device and method based on intelligent sensing system

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of geological exploration, and provides a geological exploration dynamic sounding device and method based on an intelligent sensing system, and the device comprises a rack, a power source fixed on the rack, a beating assembly movably installed on the rack, and a detection assembly arranged below the beating assembly. The striking assembly comprises an electro-hydraulic hammer and a high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve, the detection assembly comprises a detection rod body and a sensing head arranged at the lower end of the detection rod body, a triaxial accelerometer and an acoustic sensor are arranged in the sensing head, an electrode ring is arranged on the outer wall of the detection rod body, and the striking assembly is connected with the detection assembly through a transmission connecting sleeve. The multi-dimensional geological characteristics of impact resilience, acoustics, electricity and the like can be synchronously obtained after single-time striking, the geological type is accurately recognized through fusion judgment, the striking strategy is adaptively optimized in real time according to the geological type, and the exploration precision and efficiency are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of geological exploration, and particularly relates to a geological exploration dynamic sounding device and method based on an intelligent sensing system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the fields of geotechnical engineering investigation, geological disaster assessment, and resource exploration, dynamic sounding is widely used as an in-situ testing technology. Existing dynamic sounding devices usually evaluate the hardness of the stratum by recording the number of standard hammer blows or measuring the penetration rate as a single physical index. However, geological structures are often complex and heterogeneous. For example, wet soft clay and loose sand have similar physical and mechanical properties, or fractured rock mass and intact bedrock have different degrees of integrity but are equally hard. It is difficult to accurately distinguish them by relying on a single mechanical response index. In addition, traditional devices use constant impact energy and frequency for operation, which cannot adaptively adjust the hitting strategy according to real-time changes in the stratum. This not only may cause excessive penetration in soft strata, damaging the undisturbed soil sample and affecting the detection accuracy, but also may prolong the construction period and increase the cost due to low rock breaking efficiency when encountering hard rock layers. Therefore, the existing technology has deficiencies in the fine identification of geological types and the intelligent and efficient exploration process, and cannot meet the needs of high-precision geological exploration. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a dynamic sounding device and method for geological exploration based on an intelligent sensing system, aiming to solve the problem of excessive penetration in soft strata, which damages the undisturbed soil sample and affects the detection accuracy.

[0004] The present application is implemented as follows: a dynamic sounding device for geological exploration based on an intelligent sensing system, comprising: a frame; a power source fixedly installed on the frame; a hitting assembly movably installed on a vertical guide rail provided on the frame and connected with the power source to obtain power; the hitting assembly comprises an electro-hydraulic hammer for generating impact energy and a high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve for adjusting the impact energy and frequency; a detection assembly is provided below the hitting assembly; the detection assembly comprises a detection rod body and a sensing head provided at the lower end of the detection rod body; a three-axis accelerometer and an acoustic sensor are provided in the sensing head, and an electrode ring is provided on the outer wall of the detection rod body; a transmission connection sleeve is used to connect the output end of the hitting assembly and the upper end of the detection assembly to transmit impact energy; and a controller is electrically connected with the high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve, the three-axis accelerometer, the acoustic sensor, and the electrode ring, respectively.

[0005] Further, the transmission connection sleeve is internally provided with a spline structure to allow the detection assembly to rotate circumferentially relative to the hitting assembly while transmitting axial impact force.

[0006] Further, the probe rod is a hollow structure for accommodating the triaxial accelerometer, the acoustic sensor, and the signal lines of the electrode ring; the signal lines are connected to the controller through a collector ring arranged at the top of the probe assembly.

[0007] Further, the power source is a hydraulic pump station connected to the striking assembly through a high-pressure oil pipe; a high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve is installed at the oil inlet of the electro-hydraulic hammer for accurately regulating the flow and pressure of hydraulic oil entering the piston cavity.

[0008] A geological exploration dynamic sounding method based on an intelligent sensing system, comprising the following steps: After a single strike, the signals output by the triaxial accelerometer, the acoustic sensor, and the electrode ring are acquired, and a combined feature vector containing impact rebound characteristics, rock-soil acoustic characteristics, and stratum electrical characteristics is calculated based on the signals; The combined feature vector is input into a preset geological classification model to obtain a geological classification result representing the current geological type; According to the geological classification result, a preset impact parameter mapping table is queried to determine the corresponding optimal striking strategy; The high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve is controlled to execute the next strike according to the impact energy and frequency set by the optimal striking strategy.

[0009] Further, the impact rebound characteristics include the rebound peak, rebound duration, and decay rate calculated from the signals of the triaxial accelerometer.

[0010] Further, the rock-soil acoustic characteristics are the proportion of signal energy in the high-frequency band after frequency domain conversion of the signals of the acoustic sensor.

[0011] Further, the preset step of the geological classification model includes collecting physical samples of known geological types and labeling them to obtain true labels; the striking device is used to perform strike tests on the physical samples to obtain corresponding combined feature vectors; the combined feature vectors are paired with the true labels to train and generate the geological classification model.

[0012] Further, the preset step of the impact parameter mapping table includes testing multiple combinations of impact energy and frequency for each labeled geological type; the penetration efficiency and signal quality of each test are evaluated simultaneously; the test group that meets the preset signal quality threshold is selected, and the one with the highest penetration efficiency is selected as the optimal striking strategy for that geological type and stored in the mapping table.

[0013] Further, when the geological classification result has a preset significant change in continuous hitting, it is determined that a stratigraphic boundary is entered, and a high-precision detection mode is triggered, the high-precision detection mode sets the impact energy to a lower limit value that can meet the minimum signal quality, and the impact frequency is raised to a preset upper limit value, so as to finely scan the stratigraphic boundary.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the application have the following beneficial effects: The geological exploration dynamic sounding device based on the intelligent sensing system and the method thereof provided by the application can synchronously obtain the impact rebound characteristics, the rock-soil acoustic characteristics and the stratum electrical characteristics after single hitting, and fuse these multi-dimensional information into a combined feature vector; the combined feature vector is input into a preset geological classification model for calculation, so that a more accurate geological classification result than a single physical index can be obtained, thereby effectively distinguishing complex strata with similar physical characteristics but different causes; further, the impact parameter mapping table is queried according to the geological classification result to determine the optimal hitting strategy, and the impact energy and the frequency are adjusted in real time by the controller controlling the high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve, so that the adaptive optimization of the exploration process is realized, and the exploration efficiency and the data quality are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the rack; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the power source structure; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the hitting assembly and the connecting structure thereof; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the detection assembly structure; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the sensing head; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the hitting control method flow of the application.

[0016] In the figure: 100, rack; 200, power source; 300, hitting assembly; 310, electro-hydraulic hammer; 320, high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve; 330, transmission connecting sleeve; 400, detection assembly; 410, detection rod body; 420, sensing head; 421, three-axis accelerometer; 422, acoustic sensor; 430, electrode ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used in the description herein is for describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the use herein of terms such as "comprise", "have" and "include" or variations such as "comprises", "comprising", "includes" and "including" will be understood to enable, without excluding, other additions or modifications. The use herein of terms such as "first", "second" and "other" or variations such as "firstly", "secondly" and "thirdly" will be understood to enable, without implying a particular order.

[0018] Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase that in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are they necessarily mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is expressly understood that the embodiments described herein are merely examples from a whole class of comparable embodiments which those skilled in the art will readily appreciate.

[0019] As shown in Figures 1-6 The embodiment of the application provides a dynamic sounding device based on an intelligent sensing system, which comprises a rack 100, a power source 200 fixedly installed on the rack 100, a hitting assembly 300 movably installed on a vertical guide rail arranged on the rack 100 and connected with the power source 200 to obtain power, the hitting assembly 300 comprising an electro-hydraulic hammer 310 for generating impact energy and a high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve 320 for adjusting the impact energy and frequency, a detecting assembly 400 arranged below the hitting assembly 300, the detecting assembly 400 comprising a detecting rod body 410 and a sensing head 420 arranged at the lower end of the detecting rod body 410, the sensing head 420 being internally provided with a three-axis accelerometer 421 and an acoustic sensor 422, and the outer wall of the detecting rod body 410 being provided with an electrode ring 430, a transmission connecting sleeve 330 for connecting the output end of the hitting assembly 300 with the upper end of the detecting assembly 400 to transmit the impact energy, and a controller electrically connected with the high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve 320, the three-axis accelerometer 421, the acoustic sensor 422 and the electrode ring 430 respectively.

[0020] The conventional geological exploration device is difficult to accurately distinguish media with similar physical characteristics but different geological origins due to insufficient information and poor distinguishing ability when facing complex and changeable strata. The dynamic sounding device based on the intelligent sensing system provided by the embodiment can obtain more dimensional geological information through collaborative design of the structure.

[0021] Preferably, the inside of the transmission connecting sleeve 330 is provided with a spline structure to allow the detection assembly 400 to rotate circumferentially relative to the hammering assembly 300 while transmitting axial impact force.

[0022] The transmission connecting sleeve 330 in this embodiment functions to efficiently transmit the axial impact force generated by the hammering assembly 300 to the detection assembly 400. In order to improve adaptability in complex strata, the inside of the transmission connecting sleeve 330 is provided with a spline structure, which allows the detection assembly 400 to passively rotate circumferentially to a small extent when encountering inclined hard rock or strata texture changes during penetration, thereby reducing the risk of jamming caused by excessive local stress to some extent.

[0023] Preferably, the detection rod body 410 is hollow to accommodate the signal lines of the triaxial accelerometer 421, the acoustic sensor 422, and the electrode ring 430; the signal lines are connected to the controller through a current collector ring provided at the top of the detection assembly 400.

[0024] In this embodiment, considering that the detection assembly 400 may rotate circumferentially due to the spline structure, a current collector ring is provided at the top of the detection assembly 400 to ensure continuous and stable signal transmission to the fixed controller during rotation. The signal lines are first connected to the rotating part of the current collector ring, then transmitted to the fixed part of the current collector ring through contact structures such as brushes, and finally connected to the controller.

[0025] Preferably, the power source 200 is a set of hydraulic pump stations connected to the hammering assembly 300 through high-pressure oil pipes; the high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve 320 is installed at the oil inlet of the electro-hydraulic hammer 310 to accurately control the flow and pressure of hydraulic oil entering the piston cavity.

[0026] The power source 200 in this embodiment can take various forms, one specific but non-limiting implementation being a set of hydraulic pump stations driven by an electric motor. The hydraulic pump stations are connected to the hammering assembly 300 through high-pressure oil pipes to transmit hydraulic power. In order to finely control the hammering behavior, the high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve 320 is directly installed at the oil inlet of the electro-hydraulic hammer 310. Its function is to act as a high-speed flow and pressure regulating actuator that receives electrical signals from the controller and adjusts the flow and pressure of hydraulic oil entering the piston cavity of the electro-hydraulic hammer 310 at a response speed of milliseconds according to the signal instructions. In this way, the controller can directly and accurately control the energy of each impact and the frequency of impacts, providing a basis for subsequent adaptive adjustment of the hammering strategy based on the geological type.

[0027] A geological exploration dynamic sounding method based on an intelligent sensing system, comprising the following steps: after a single blow, signals output by the triaxial accelerometer 421, the acoustic sensor 422 and the electrode ring 430 are acquired, and a combined feature vector containing impact rebound characteristics, rock-soil acoustic characteristics and stratum electrical characteristics is calculated and generated based on the signals; the combined feature vector is input into a preset geological classification model to calculate a geological classification result representing the current geological type; according to the geological classification result, a preset impact parameter mapping table is queried to determine the corresponding optimal striking strategy; the high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve 320 is controlled to perform the next blow according to the impact energy and frequency set by the optimal striking strategy.

[0028] In this embodiment, after each blow action is completed, the controller synchronously acquires signals from the triaxial accelerometer 421, the acoustic sensor 422 and the electrode ring 430. These independent physical signals are then processed and calculated to generate a combined feature vector that comprehensively describes the characteristics of the current stratum from the three dimensions of impact response mechanics, acoustics and electricity. This combined feature vector is input into a preset geological classification model, which aims to analyze this multi-dimensional information and output a clear geological classification result, such as determining that the current stratum is “wet soft clay” or “complete bedrock”. This classification result is used as a basis for decision-making to query a preset impact parameter mapping table to find the optimal striking strategy that matches the current geological type. This strategy specifies the impact energy and frequency to be used for the next blow. The controller issues specific instructions to the high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve 320 based on the queried strategy, causing it to adjust the hydraulic parameters to perform this blow. Through this series of steps, the exploration method can be optimized in real time according to stratum changes. The stratum electrical characteristics are the apparent resistivity calculated from the voltage and current signals measured when the electrode ring 430 is in contact with the stratum. The specific calculation method is as follows: the controller applies an alternating current I of a known frequency and amplitude to the pair of electrode rings 430, and measures the potential difference U between the pair of electrode rings 430. The apparent resistivity ρs can be calculated by the formula: ρs = K * (U / I), K is the electrode device coefficient, which is related to the geometric size and spacing of the electrode ring 430 and can be determined through pre-calibration experiments. This feature mainly reflects the water content, porosity and ion concentration of the stratum, and has a significant effect on distinguishing between saturated sand and dry dense clay.

[0029] Preferably, the impact rebound characteristics include the rebound peak value, rebound duration and decay rate calculated from the signals of the triaxial accelerometer 421.

[0030] The rebound peak, which is the maximum value of the acceleration amplitude in the rebound waveform, directly reflects the hardness of the stratum. The harder the stratum, the greater the rebound peak value. The rebound duration, which is calculated from the time when the impact occurs to the time when the envelope amplitude of the rebound acceleration signal first decays and stabilizes at a preset multiple below the pre-impact background noise level, reflects the stiffness characteristics of the stratum. The greater the stiffness, the faster the energy transfer, and the shorter the duration. The decay rate, which is used to describe the speed of dissipation of rebound energy in the stratum, is calculated by performing curve fitting of the exponential decay model on the descending part of the amplitude envelope of the rebound acceleration signal starting from the peak value, as follows: A(t) =A0 * e^(-t / τ) + C, A(t) is the amplitude at time t; A0 is the initial amplitude; C is the background noise level; and the time constant τ is extracted from the fitting result. The reciprocal of τ, 1 / τ, is the decay rate, which reflects the degree of fragmentation or plasticity of the stratum.

[0031] Preferably, the geotechnical acoustic feature is the ratio of the signal energy in the high-frequency band to the total signal energy after frequency domain conversion of the signal of the acoustic sensor 422.

[0032] The geotechnical acoustic feature in this embodiment aims to quantify the brittleness of the geotechnical medium when it is impacted. The calculation process is as follows: the signal time series collected by the acoustic sensor 422 in a single impact is subjected to fast Fourier transform to convert it from the time domain to the frequency domain, obtaining the signal spectrum. The purpose of this step is to reveal the distribution of signal energy at different frequencies. Then a demarcation point for dividing high and low frequency bands is determined. This demarcation point is determined using an adaptive calibration method rather than a fixed frequency value. The calibration process iteratively finds a frequency point that maximizes the difference in energy distribution between the two types of samples (such as intact bedrock and plastic deformation samples such as wet and soft clay) and uses it as the final demarcation basis. This process ensures the objectivity of the frequency band division. After determining the range of the high-frequency band, the total signal energy in the band is calculated and the proportion of the total signal energy is obtained. This proportion value is the final geotechnical acoustic feature. For example, the brittle fracture sound produced by hitting hard rock will result in a high high-frequency energy proportion, while the dull sound produced by hitting clay will result in a low high-frequency energy proportion.

[0033] Preferably, the preset step of the geology classification model comprises: collecting physical samples of known geology types and labeling to obtain true value labels; performing a percussion test on the physical samples using the percussion device to obtain corresponding combined feature vectors; and pairing the combined feature vectors with the true value labels to train and generate the geology classification model.

[0034] The geology classification model in this embodiment establishes a mapping relationship from a combined feature vector of multiple dimensions to a specific geology type, and a sample library for training needs to be established. This process is achieved by systematically collecting physical samples (such as rock cores or soil samples) from different geological regions, and sending these samples to a laboratory for standard physical and mechanical property tests to obtain their authoritative geology classification names. These names are used as true value labels for model training. The physical samples with true value labels are then subjected to standardized percussion tests one by one using the device of the present technical solution. During the tests, the corresponding combined feature vectors of each sample are collected and calculated. Each combined feature vector is paired with its corresponding true value label to form a database containing a large number of feature and label data pairs. Using this database, a suitable machine learning algorithm such as a support vector machine is selected for training. The training process finds the decision boundary that best separates different geology type samples in the feature space through the learning algorithm, and solidifies the learned boundary parameters. Finally, a geology classification model that can classify unknown geology samples is generated.

[0035] Preferably, the preset step of the impact parameter mapping table comprises: for each labeled geology type, testing multiple combinations of impact energy and frequency; simultaneously evaluating the penetration efficiency and signal quality of each test; selecting the test group that meets the preset signal quality threshold, and selecting the one with the highest penetration efficiency as the optimal percussion strategy for this geology type and storing it in the mapping table.

[0036] The impact parameter mapping table in this embodiment is also completed before the device is used on site. First, for each type of physical sample of the obtained true value label, a series of parameter matrix tests are performed. In the test, different impact energy and impact frequency parameters are systematically traversed and combined. In each test using a specific parameter combination, two core indicators are evaluated simultaneously: one is the penetration efficiency, defined as the penetration depth achieved per unit energy consumption, reflecting the economy of the operation; the other is the signal quality, which is quantified by analyzing the signal-to-noise ratio and feature saliency of the sensor signal, reflecting the accuracy of perception. After completing all parameter combination tests on one type of geological sample, the optimal strategy is sought. The seeking process consists of two steps: first, according to the requirements of the subsequent geological classification model for signal clarity, a minimum effective signal quality threshold is set, and all parameter combinations that meet this threshold are selected to form an effective candidate strategy pool; then, within the effective candidate strategy pool, the penetration efficiency is used as the only criterion for comparison, and the parameter combination that brings the highest penetration efficiency is selected as the optimal hitting strategy for that type of geology, and is stored in the mapping table associated with the corresponding geological type label.

[0037] Preferably, when the geological classification result changes significantly in continuous hitting, it is determined that the stratigraphic boundary is reached, and the high-precision detection mode is triggered. The high-precision detection mode sets the impact energy to a lower limit value that can satisfy the minimum signal quality, and increases the impact frequency to a preset upper limit value, to perform fine scanning of the stratigraphic boundary.

[0038] When the controller in this embodiment detects that the geological classification result has changed significantly in continuous hitting, for example, the classification result changes from clay to sand layer in a short distance, the system determines that the stratigraphic boundary has been reached, and triggers this mode. After triggering this mode, the hitting strategy changes: the impact energy is no longer directly taken from the values in the mapping table, but is dynamically set through a real-time control process. This process performs a tentative hit with a very low energy, and analyzes the signal-to-noise ratio of the rebound signal. If the signal-to-noise ratio is lower than the minimum available signal quality threshold required to ensure the accuracy of subsequent discrimination, the impact energy is increased slightly and the test is repeated until the signal-to-noise ratio meets the threshold for the first time. The energy value at this time is locked as the best tapping energy that can ensure signal quality and avoid excessive penetration, i.e., the lower limit value that satisfies the minimum signal quality. After locking this lower limit value, in order to collect as much information as possible at the boundary, the controller increases the impact frequency to the upper limit value allowed by the system, and reduces the overall lowering speed of the device. Through this combination of low energy and high frequency, high-density continuous sampling and fine scanning of the position and characteristics of the stratigraphic boundary are achieved.

[0039] It should be noted that, for the foregoing embodiments, for the sake of simple description, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should know that the present application is not limited by the order of the described actions, because according to the present application, certain steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should know that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily necessary for the present application.

[0040] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed device can be implemented by other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only illustrative, for example, the division of the above units, actual implementation can have another division way, for example, a plurality of units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling or communication connection between the displayed or discussed units can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units, which can be electrical or other forms.

[0041] The units described above as separate components can or can not be physically separated, and the components shown as units can or can not be physical units, that is, they can be located in one place, or they can be distributed on multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment of the present application.

[0042] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the protection scope of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the scope of protection of the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can still combine, add or delete or make other adjustments to the features of the embodiments of the present application according to the circumstances without creative labor, so as to obtain different other technical solutions which do not deviate from the concept of the present application in essence. These technical solutions also belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A dynamic penetration test device for geological exploration based on an intelligent sensing system, characterized in that, include: A frame (100); a power source (200) fixedly mounted on the frame (100); An impact assembly (300) is movably mounted on a vertical guide rail provided on the frame (100) and connected to the power source (200) to obtain power; the impact assembly (300) includes an electro-hydraulic hammer (310) for generating impact energy and a high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve (320) for adjusting the impact energy and frequency. A detection assembly (400) is disposed below the impact assembly (300); the detection assembly (400) includes a detection rod (410) and a sensor head (420) disposed at the lower end of the detection rod (410); a triaxial accelerometer (421) and an acoustic sensor (422) are disposed inside the sensor head (420), and an electrode ring (430) is disposed on the outer wall of the detection rod (410); A transmission connecting sleeve (330) is used to connect the output end of the impact assembly (300) to the upper end of the detection assembly (400) to transmit impact energy; And a controller, which is electrically connected to the high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve (320), the triaxial accelerometer (421), the acoustic sensor (422) and the electrode ring (430), respectively.

2. The geological exploration dynamic penetration test device based on an intelligent sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission connecting sleeve (330) is provided with a spline structure inside, so that the detection assembly (400) can rotate circumferentially relative to the impact assembly (300) while transmitting axial impact force.

3. The geological exploration dynamic penetration test device based on an intelligent sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The probe rod (410) is a hollow structure used to accommodate the signal lines of the triaxial accelerometer (421), the acoustic sensor (422), and the electrode ring (430); the signal lines are connected to the controller through a slip ring located on the top of the probe assembly (400).

4. The geological exploration dynamic penetration test device based on an intelligent sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power source (200) is a hydraulic pump station, which is connected to the impact assembly (300) via a high-pressure oil pipe; the high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve (320) is installed at the oil inlet of the electro-hydraulic hammer (310) and is used to precisely control the flow rate and pressure of the hydraulic oil entering the piston cavity.

5. A dynamic penetration test method for geological exploration based on an intelligent sensing system, applied to the dynamic penetration test device for geological exploration based on an intelligent sensing system as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After a single impact, signals output by the triaxial accelerometer (421), the acoustic sensor (422), and the electrode ring (430) are acquired respectively, and a combined feature vector containing impact rebound characteristics, rock and soil acoustic characteristics, and stratum electrical characteristics is calculated and generated based on the signals. The combined feature vector is input into a preset geological classification model to calculate a geological classification result that represents the current geological type; Based on the geological classification results, a preset impact parameter mapping table is queried to determine the corresponding optimal impact strategy; The high-frequency electromagnetic proportional valve (320) is controlled to execute the next strike according to the impact energy and frequency set by the optimal striking strategy.

6. The geological exploration dynamic penetration test method based on an intelligent sensing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The impact rebound characteristics include: rebound peak value, rebound duration and decay rate calculated based on the signal from the triaxial accelerometer (421).

7. The geological exploration dynamic penetration test method based on an intelligent sensing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The acoustic characteristics of the soil and rock are as follows: after frequency domain conversion of the signal of the acoustic sensor (422), the proportion of signal energy in a high-frequency band that has been adaptively calibrated to the total signal energy is calculated.

8. The geological exploration dynamic penetration test method based on an intelligent sensing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preset steps of the geological classification model include: collecting physical samples of known geological types and calibrating them to obtain ground truth labels; using the impact device to perform impact tests on the physical samples to obtain corresponding combined feature vectors; and pairing the combined feature vectors with the ground truth labels to train and generate the geological classification model.

9. The geological exploration dynamic penetration test method based on an intelligent sensing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preset steps of the impact parameter mapping table include: testing multiple combinations of impact energy and frequency for each calibrated geological type; simultaneously evaluating the penetration efficiency and signal quality of each test; selecting test groups that meet the preset signal quality threshold, and selecting the one with the highest penetration efficiency as the optimal impact strategy for that geological type and storing it in the mapping table.

10. The geological exploration dynamic penetration test method based on an intelligent sensing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: When the geological classification result undergoes a significant change during continuous impact, it is determined that the geological boundary has been entered, and a high-precision detection mode is triggered. The high-precision detection mode sets the impact energy to a lower limit that meets the minimum signal quality and increases the impact frequency to a preset upper limit to perform a fine scan of the geological boundary.

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