5G antenna, glass assembly and carrying tool

Abstract

The invention relates to a 5G antenna, a glass assembly and a carrying tool, and relates to the technical field of communication. The 5G antenna comprises a feed part, a radiation part and a feed end, the radiation part is connected to the feed part, the feed part comprises a first feed part and a second feed part, and the feed end is connected with the first feed part and the second feed part; the first feed part and the second feed part are block-shaped patterns, the radiation part is a thin branch-shaped pattern, and the radiation part at least partially surrounds the feed part. A feed part comprising a first feed part and a second feed part is arranged, the first feed part and the second feed part are arranged to be block-shaped patterns, a radiation part with a thin branch-shaped pattern is connected with the first feed part and / or the second feed part in the feed part, and the radiation part at least partially surrounds the feed part. According to the 5G antenna, the radiation part in the thin branch-shaped pattern is arranged to be connected with the feed part, and the propagation of surface waves can be inhibited in the surrounding direction of the radiation part in the thin branch-shaped pattern, so that the performance of the 5G antenna is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a 5G antenna, glass assembly, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of communication technology, 5G technology (5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology) has emerged, aiming to provide higher data transmission rates, lower latency, greater network capacity, and more reliable connections, thereby supporting diverse application scenarios and device interconnection. Therefore, improving the performance of 5G antennas is a major research direction for antennas. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a 5G antenna, glass assembly, and vehicle that can improve the performance of 5G antennas in response to the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application proposes a 5G antenna, comprising: a feed section, a radiating section, and a feed terminal, wherein the radiating section is connected to the feed section, the feed section includes a first feed section and a second feed section, and the feed terminal is respectively connected to the first feed section and the second feed section; the first feed section and the second feed section are block-shaped patterns, the radiating section is a sparse branch-shaped pattern, and the radiating section at least partially surrounds the feed section.

[0005] In one embodiment, the radiating section includes a first radiating branch and a second radiating branch; the first feed section is connected to the first radiating branch through at least two connection points, and / or the second feed section is connected to the second radiating branch through at least two connection points; the distance between the connection points between the first feed section and the first radiating branch and the feed end decreases sequentially in the direction gradually approaching the feed end; the distance between the connection points between the second feed section and the second radiating branch and the feed end increases sequentially in the direction gradually moving away from the feed end.

[0006] In one embodiment, the first power supply unit is connected to the first radiating branch through a first connection point, a second connection point, a third connection point, and a fourth connection point, and the second power supply unit is connected to the second radiating branch through a fifth connection point and a sixth connection point. The distances between the first connection point, the second connection point, the third connection point, and the fourth connection point and the power supply end decrease sequentially, while the distances between the fifth connection point and the sixth connection point and the power supply end increase sequentially.

[0007] In one embodiment, the distance from the first connection point to the feed terminal is 1 / 4 wavelength of the first frequency point, the distance from the second connection point to the feed terminal is 1 / 4 wavelength of the second frequency point, the distance from the third connection point to the feed terminal is 1 / 4 wavelength of the third frequency point, the distance from the fourth connection point to the feed terminal is 1 / 4 wavelength of the fourth frequency point, the distance from the fifth connection point to the feed terminal is 1 / 4 wavelength of the third frequency point, and the distance from the sixth connection point to the feed terminal is 1 / 4 wavelength of the second frequency point.

[0008] In one embodiment, the first radiating branch includes a first branch and a second branch, wherein the first branch is connected to the first feed unit through the first connection point, and the second branch is connected to the first feed unit through the second connection point, the third connection point and the fourth connection point.

[0009] In one embodiment, the first branch is configured as a straight structure; and / or, the second branch includes a closed structure and / or a semi-closed structure with an opening; and / or, the first branch, the second branch, and the first power supply section constitute a semi-closed structure with an opening.

[0010] In one embodiment, the second stub includes a horizontal stub that forms at least a portion of the outer perimeter of the 5G antenna, and the second stub also includes a connecting stub that connects the fourth connection point to the horizontal stub.

[0011] In one embodiment, the branch extending from the fourth connection point in the first radiating branch, the second radiating branch, the first feed section, the feed end, and the second feed section constitute a semi-enclosed structure with an opening.

[0012] In one embodiment, the 5G antenna further includes a coupling section, the coupling section comprising at least one of a first coupling stub, a second coupling stub, and a third coupling stub; wherein the first coupling stub is configured as a closed structure and is coupled to the semi-enclosed structure; the second coupling stub, the second radiating stub, and the second feed section constitute a semi-closed structure with an opening; and the third coupling stub is configured as a straight structure and is coupled to the second radiating stub.

[0013] In one embodiment, the 5G antenna further includes: a first slit and / or a second slit, wherein the first slit is disposed in the first feed section and the second slit is disposed in the second feed section.

[0014] In one embodiment, the first slit and / or the second slit is configured as a discontinuous structure.

[0015] Secondly, this application also proposes a glass assembly, comprising: a glass substrate and a 5G antenna as described in the first aspect embodiment above, wherein at least one of the 5G antennas is disposed on the glass substrate.

[0016] In one embodiment, the number of 5G antennas is set to at least two, and the at least two 5G antennas are arranged in a straight line, and / or, the at least two 5G antennas are arranged in an axisymmetrical arrangement.

[0017] In one embodiment, the glass assembly further includes a broadcast antenna and / or a heater, the broadcast antenna being disposed on the glass substrate, the heater being disposed on the glass substrate, and at least one of the 5G antennas being coupled to the broadcast antenna and / or the heater.

[0018] In one embodiment, the glass assembly further includes: a broadcast antenna and / or a heater; when the number of the 5G antennas is at least two, the broadcast antenna and / or the heater includes an open stub with an open end, and the open stub extends between two adjacent 5G antennas.

[0019] In one embodiment, at least a portion of the radiating portion is coupled to the broadcast antenna and / or the heater; and / or, when the 5G antenna includes a coupling portion, at least a portion of the coupling portion is coupled to the broadcast antenna and / or the heater.

[0020] In one embodiment, the stub widths of the first and second radiating stubs of the 5G antenna are the same as the line widths of the broadcast antenna and / or the heater.

[0021] Thirdly, this application also proposes a vehicle comprising: the glass assembly described in the second aspect embodiment above.

[0022] The aforementioned 5G antenna, glass assembly, and vehicle improve the performance of the 5G antenna by providing a feed section including a first feed section and a second feed section, and by configuring the first and second feed sections as block patterns, and connecting the first and / or second feed sections to the feed section through radiating sections of a stubular pattern, with the radiating sections at least partially surrounding the feed sections. By connecting the radiating sections of the stubular pattern to the feed section, the propagation of surface waves can be suppressed in the direction of the radiating sections of the stubular pattern, thereby improving the performance of the 5G antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the conventional technology, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the conventional technology will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a 5G antenna in one embodiment;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first radiating branch in one embodiment;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second radiating branch in one embodiment;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first and second radiating branches in one embodiment;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first and second radial branches in another embodiment;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first and second branches in one embodiment;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first and second branches in another embodiment;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the coupling section in one embodiment;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the slit in one embodiment;

[0033] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a discontinuous structural slit in one embodiment;

[0034] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a discontinuous structural slit in another embodiment;

[0035] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a glass assembly in one embodiment;

[0036] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a broadcast antenna in one embodiment;

[0037] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a heater in one embodiment;

[0038] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a broadcast antenna and a heater in one embodiment;

[0039] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of an open branch in one embodiment;

[0040] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of a broadcast antenna and a heater in another embodiment;

[0041] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the broadcast antenna and heater in yet another embodiment;

[0042] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the broadcast antenna and heater in another embodiment;

[0043] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the VSWR of a 5G antenna in one embodiment;

[0044] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the isolation of a 5G antenna in one embodiment.

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0046] Feed section 100, radiating section 200, feed terminal 300, coupling section 400, first feed section 110, second feed section 120, first radiating branch 210, second radiating branch 220, first connection point 101, second connection point 102, third connection point 103, fourth connection point 104, fifth connection point 105, sixth connection point 106, first branch 211, second branch 212, horizontal branch 213, connecting branch 214, first coupling branch 410, second coupling branch 420, third coupling branch 430, first slot 510, second slot 520, 5G antenna 610, glass substrate 620, broadcast antenna 630, heater 640, transparent area 621, black border area 622, first connection terminal 631, broadcast branch 632, second connection terminal 641, heating wire 642, open branch 650. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0048] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, this application proposes a 5G antenna, including: a feed section 100, a radiating section 200, and a feed terminal 300. The radiating section 200 is connected to the feed section 100. The feed section 100 includes a first feed section 110 and a second feed section 120. The feed terminal 300 is connected to the first feed section 110 and the second feed section 120 respectively. The first feed section 110 and the second feed section 120 are block-shaped patterns, and the radiating section 200 is a sparse branch-shaped pattern. The radiating section 200 at least partially surrounds the feed section 100.

[0049] Specifically, the 5G antenna of this application can be a monopole antenna or a dipole antenna, and its structure can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. The feed section 100 consists of two block-shaped feed sections 110 and 120. The block shape is composed of multiple rectangular shapes, which can be regular or irregular. The first feed section 110 and the second feed section 120 are respectively connected to the feed terminal 300, which is used to connect cables. The feed terminal 300 is connected to the core wire and shielding layer of the cable. After the cable is connected, the core wire of the cable is electrically connected to the first feed section 110, and the shielding layer of the cable is electrically connected to the second feed section 120; alternatively, the core wire of the cable is electrically connected to the second feed section 120, and the shielding layer of the cable is electrically connected to the first feed section 110. The radiating section 200 is a segmented shape, which can be a single unit or multiple segmented structures. The radiating section 200 may be connected to either the first feed section 110 or the second feed section 120, or to both the first feed section 110 and the second feed section 120 simultaneously. The sparse branch structure of the radiating section 200 at least partially surrounds the feed section 100, and may be provided on the same side of the feed section 100, or on multiple sides of the feed section 100, or around all sides of the feed section 100.

[0050] In the 5G antenna described above, the radiating portion 200 with a stubular pattern is connected to the feed portion 100. The propagation of surface waves can be suppressed in the direction enclosed by the radiating portion 200. Since surface waves disperse the energy radiated by the antenna, leading to reduced radiation efficiency, suppressing surface waves allows energy to be more concentrated in the main radiation direction, reducing unnecessary losses and thus improving the radiation efficiency of the 5G antenna. The presence of surface waves also causes antenna pattern distortion, thereby reducing gain. Suppressing surface waves enhances the directivity of the antenna, thereby increasing the gain of the 5G antenna.

[0051] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2As shown, the radiating section 200 includes a first radiating stub 210, which is connected to the first feed section 110. There can be one or more connection points between the first feed section 110 and the first radiating stub 210, which are used to enhance the radiation efficiency of the corresponding frequency band. In some embodiments, the first feed section 110 is connected to the first radiating stub 210 through at least two connection points. In this case, the first radiating stub 210 can enhance the radiation efficiency of the antenna in multiple frequency bands. Furthermore, the distance between the connection points between the first feed section 110 and the first radiating stub 210 and the feed end 300 decreases sequentially as the antenna approaches the feed end 300.

[0052] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the radiating section 200 includes a second radiating stub 220, which is connected to the second feed section 120. There can be one or more connection points between the second feed section 120 and the second radiating stub 220, which are used to enhance the radiation efficiency of the corresponding frequency band. In some embodiments, the second feed section 120 is connected to the second radiating stub 220 through at least two connection points. In this case, the second radiating stub 220 can enhance the radiation efficiency of the antenna in multiple frequency bands. Furthermore, the distance between the connection points between the second feed section 120 and the second radiating stub 220 and the feed end 300 increases sequentially in the direction gradually moving away from the feed end 300.

[0053] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the radiating section 200 includes a first radiating branch 210 and a second radiating branch 220. The first radiating branch 210 is connected to the first feed section 110, and the second radiating branch 220 is connected to the second feed section 120. In some embodiments, the first feed section 110 is connected to the first radiating branch 210 through at least two connection points, and the second feed section 120 is connected to the second radiating branch 220 through at least two connection points. Specific examples include... Figure 4As shown, the first feed section 110 is connected to the first radiating branch 210 through three connection points, and the second feed section 120 is connected to the second radiating branch 220 through two connection points. In this case, a total of five connection points are provided between the feed section 100 and the radiating section 200. It is understood that in some other embodiments, the first feed section 110 is connected to the first radiating branch 210 through three connection points, and the second feed section 120 is connected to the second radiating branch 220 through three connection points; or, the first feed section 110 is connected to the first radiating branch 210 through two connection points, and the second feed section 120 is connected to the second radiating branch 220 through three connection points; or, the first feed section 110 is connected to the first radiating branch 210 through two connection points, and the second feed section 120 is connected to the second radiating branch 220 through two connection points. The number and distribution of connection points between the feed section 100 and the radiating section 200 can be set according to specific usage requirements.

[0054] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the first power supply unit 110 is connected to the first radiating branch 210 through the first connection point 101, the second connection point 102, the third connection point 103 and the fourth connection point 104, and the second power supply unit 120 is connected to the second radiating branch 220 through the fifth connection point 105 and the sixth connection point 106. The distances between the first connection point 101, the second connection point 102, the third connection point 103 and the fourth connection point 104 and the power supply end 300 decrease sequentially, while the distances between the fifth connection point 105 and the sixth connection point 106 and the power supply end 300 increase sequentially.

[0055] Specifically, the 5G antenna in this embodiment is a monopole antenna. Therefore, the structure formed by the first feed section 110 and the first radiating stub 210 is asymmetrical with the structure formed by the second feed section 120 and the second radiating stub 220. The first radiating stub 210 and the second radiating stub 220 are stub structures. By adjusting the length, shape, and position of the connection points of the stubs, the current path is affected, thereby adjusting the resonant frequency and radiation direction, enabling the 5G antenna to have different operating performance. In this embodiment, the first radiating stub 210 has four connection points, and the second radiating stub 220 has two connection points. The connection points are the points where the radiating stubs connect to the feed section. The distances between the first connection point 101, the second connection point 102, the third connection point 103, and the fourth connection point 104 and the feed end 300 are all different and decrease sequentially. The distances between the fifth connection point 105 and the sixth connection point 106 and the feed end 300 are also different and increase sequentially. The distance between the connection point and the feed terminal 300 is the length of the physical path through the feed section, which may include structures such as bends, turns, and branches. The multi-connection point structure formed in this embodiment allows the 5G antenna to cover a wider frequency band by adjusting the distances between multiple connection points and the feed terminal 300.

[0056] In one embodiment, the distance from the first connection point 101 to the feed end 300 is 1 / 4 wavelength of the first frequency point, the distance from the second connection point 102 to the feed end 300 is 1 / 4 wavelength of the second frequency point, the distance from the third connection point 103 to the feed end 300 is 1 / 4 wavelength of the third frequency point, the distance from the fourth connection point 104 to the feed end 300 is 1 / 4 wavelength of the fourth frequency point, the distance from the fifth connection point 105 to the feed end 300 is 1 / 4 wavelength of the third frequency point, and the distance from the sixth connection point 106 to the feed end 300 is 1 / 4 wavelength of the second frequency point.

[0057] Specifically, in this embodiment, the distance from the second connection point 102 to the feed end 300 is the same as the distance from the sixth connection point 106 to the feed end 300, both being 1 / 4 wavelength of the second frequency. The distance from the third connection point 103 to the feed end 300 is the same as the distance from the fifth connection point 105 to the feed end 300, both being 1 / 4 wavelength of the third frequency. By corresponding the first connection point 101, the second connection point 102, the third connection point 103, and the fourth connection point 104 to the first, second, third, and fourth frequency points respectively, independent resonance of four frequency bands can be achieved. By reusing 1 / 4 wavelength of the third frequency at the fifth connection point 105 and 1 / 4 wavelength of the second frequency at the sixth connection point 106, the radiation efficiency of the corresponding frequency bands can be enhanced, or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel isolation can be formed. It is understandable that the first, second, third, and fourth frequencies are all different, and the frequencies of the first, second, third, and fourth frequencies increase sequentially according to the distance between the connection point and the feed terminal 300. In this embodiment, only the fifth connection point 105 reuses 1 / 4 wavelength of the third frequency, and the sixth connection point 106 reuses 1 / 4 wavelength of the second frequency, making the area of ​​the second feed section 120 and the second radiating stub 220 smaller than the area of ​​the first feed section 110 and the first radiating stub 210, which facilitates the miniaturization of the antenna.

[0058] In one embodiment, the first frequency point is set to 800MHz, the second frequency point is set to 2200MHz, the third frequency point is set to 3600MHz, and the fourth frequency point is set to 4900MHz. Correspondingly, the frequency range that the 5G antenna can cover is 0-5000MHz, specifically including the first frequency band (619MHz-960MHz), the second frequency band (1700MHz-2700MHz), the third frequency band (3300MHz-4200MHz), and the fourth frequency band (4400-5000MHz).

[0059] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6As shown, the first radiating branch 210 includes a first branch 211 and a second branch 212. The first branch 211 is connected to the first feed unit 110 through a first connection point 101, and the second branch 212 is connected to the first feed unit 110 through a second connection point 102, a third connection point 103, and a fourth connection point 104. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first radiating branch 210 is composed of two separate first branches 211 and second branches 212. The first branch 211 is connected to the first feed unit 110 through the first connection point 101 and is used to undertake a single-band radiation function, that is, the first branch 211 cooperates with the feed unit 100 to transmit and receive first-band radiated signals. The second branch 212 is connected to the first feed section 110 via the second connection point 102, the third connection point 103, and the fourth connection point 104, forming a multi-path feed structure to undertake multi-band radiation functions. Specifically, the second branch 212, through the three connection points, cooperates with the feed section 100 to transmit and receive relatively high-frequency radiated signals in the second, third, and fourth bands. This embodiment effectively improves the performance of the 5G antenna by separating the low-frequency and mid-to-high-frequency radiating branches, and further realizes the miniaturization of the antenna structure. In some other embodiments, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the first radial branch 210 can also be composed of three separate branch structures.

[0060] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the first branch 211 is configured as a straight structure. A straight structure without bends or branches can reduce radiation and dielectric losses in the current path. In one embodiment, the first branch 211, with its straight structure, extends from the first connection point 101 towards the second direction Y. In one embodiment, the second branch 212 can be configured as a closed structure, which can generate multiple resonant modes (such as the fundamental mode and higher-order modes) to cover different frequency bands. In one embodiment, the second branch 212 can be configured as a semi-closed structure with an opening. The semi-closed structure introduces a capacitance effect through the opening, reducing the Q value and expanding the bandwidth. In one embodiment, the second branch 212 can simultaneously be configured as a closed structure and a semi-closed structure with an opening. In one embodiment, the first branch 211, the second branch 212, and the first feed section 110 constitute a semi-closed structure with an opening. In a specific embodiment, as... Figure 6 As shown, the second branch 212 has two semi-enclosed structures with openings, namely T1 and T2. The second branch 212 also has one closed structure, namely T3. The first branch 211, the second branch 212, and the first power supply section 110 constitute a semi-enclosed structure with an opening, namely T4. T4, T1, T3, and T2 are arranged sequentially along the first direction X. In some other embodiments, such as Figure 7As shown, the second branch 212 has two semi-enclosed structures with openings, namely T1 and T3. The second branch 212 also has one closed structure, namely T2. The first branch 211, the second branch 212, and the first power supply section 110 constitute a semi-enclosed structure with an opening, namely T4. T4, T1, T3, and T2 are arranged sequentially along the first direction X.

[0061] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the second branch 212 includes a horizontal branch 213, which forms at least a portion of the outer boundary of the 5G antenna. The second branch 212 also includes a connecting branch 214 connecting the fourth connection point 104 and the horizontal branch 213. Specifically, in this embodiment, the second branch 212 includes a horizontal branch 213, which extends along the first direction X and forms at least a portion of the outer boundary of the 5G antenna. The horizontal branch 213 is connected to the fourth connection point 104 via the connecting branch 214. It is understood that as the branch structure of the second branch 212 becomes more diverse, the structure of the connecting branch 214 can also be varied. By setting the horizontal branch 213 and connecting it to the fourth connection point 104 via the connecting branch 214, the bandwidth of the corresponding frequency point, i.e., the high-frequency bandwidth, can be extended.

[0062] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the branch extending from the fourth connection point 104 in the first radiating branch 210, the second radiating branch 220, the first feed section 110, the feed end 300, and the second feed section 120 constitute a semi-enclosed structure with an opening. Specifically, the branch extending from the fourth connection point 104 in the first radiating branch 210 towards the second direction Y, the branch extending away from the first direction X in the second radiating branch 220, a portion of the first feed section 110, the feed end 300, and a portion of the second feed section 120 together constitute a semi-enclosed structure with an opening, i.e., T5. In one embodiment, the second radiating branch 220 and the second feed section 120 constitute a closed structure, i.e., T6. In some other embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the second radiating branch 220 and the second power supply section 120 can also be configured as a semi-closed structure with an opening, namely T6.

[0063] In one embodiment, such as Figure 8As shown, the 5G antenna also includes a coupling section 400, which includes at least one of a first coupling stub 410, a second coupling stub 420, and a third coupling stub 430. By setting the coupling stubs, the current distribution of the radiating stubs can be adjusted through the coupling effect, thereby optimizing the radiation pattern or gain. In one embodiment, the coupling section 400 is coupled with the second radiating stub 220 and / or the second feed section 120. In one embodiment, the first coupling stub 410 is configured as a closed structure (such as a rectangular, circular, or irregular closed loop), and the first coupling stub 410 is coupled with a semi-enclosed structure, blocking and confining the radiation pattern of the high-frequency part of the antenna, thereby improving the high-frequency antenna radiation efficiency. In one embodiment, the second coupling stub 420, the second radiating stub 220, and the second feed section 120 constitute a semi-enclosed structure with an opening, and the radiation directivity can be controlled by adjusting the direction of the opening. Specifically, the second coupling stub 420 is configured as an "L"-shaped structure, which, together with the second radiating stub 220 and the second feed section 120, forms a semi-enclosed structure, namely T7. In one embodiment, the third coupling branch 430 is configured as a straight line and is coupled to the second radial branch 220. In some embodiments, the third coupling branch 430 extends along a first direction X. In one embodiment, when the first coupling branch 410, the second coupling branch 420, and the third coupling branch 430 are provided simultaneously, the third coupling branch 430 can be coupled to the first coupling branch 410 and the second coupling branch 420, respectively.

[0064] In one embodiment, such as Figure 9 As shown, the 5G antenna also includes a first slit 510 and / or a second slit 520. The first slit 510 is disposed in the first feed section 110, and the second slit 520 is disposed in the second feed section 120. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first slit 510 or the second slit 520 can also be disposed in the first feed section 110 or the second feed section 120 respectively to expand the antenna bandwidth. By adjusting the width, length, and position of the slits, the input impedance of the 5G antenna can be precisely controlled. The first slit 510 and the second slit 520 can be configured as a straight structure, a curved structure, an "L"-shaped structure, or other irregular structures.

[0065] In one embodiment, such as Figure 10 As shown, the first slot 510 and / or the second slot 520 are configured as a discontinuous structure. Specifically, when the slot is configured as a discontinuous structure, a portion of the slot is conductive, thereby increasing the current path. The discontinuous slot can change the current path of the feed section, thereby expanding the frequency band coverage or optimizing the radiation pattern. In some other embodiments, such as Figure 11 As shown, when the first slit 510 is configured as a breakpoint structure, the number of connection points between the first radiating branch 210 and the first power supply section 110 can be reduced.

[0066] In one embodiment, such as Figure 12 As shown, this application also proposes a glass assembly, including: a glass substrate 620 and at least one 5G antenna 610 as described in the above embodiments, wherein at least one 5G antenna 610 is disposed on the glass substrate 620. Specifically, the glass substrate 620 can be tempered glass or laminated glass, which has the characteristics of low loss and high light transmittance, and its material stability makes it suitable as a substrate for the 5G antenna 610. At least one 5G antenna 610 is disposed on the glass substrate 620. The 5G antenna 610 can be placed on the surface of the glass substrate 620 by printing or etching, or embedded inside the glass substrate 620, or adhered to the inner surface of the glass substrate 620 by an adhesive layer. The 5G antenna 610 is made of a conductive material, which can be a single metal material (such as silver, copper, aluminum, etc.), a conductive polymer material (such as conductive plastic, conductive silicone, etc.), a composite conductive material (metal-plastic composite material, graphene composite material, etc.), etc. The number of 5G antennas 610 can be set according to specific usage needs. For example, as Figure 12 As shown, four 5G antennas 610 are disposed on the glass substrate 620.

[0067] In some embodiments, the 5G antenna 610 includes a feed terminal 300 and an antenna body connected to the feed terminal 300. The feed terminal 300 is used to connect a cable and is connected to a power supply component (5G signal transceiver assembly), and the antenna body is used to radiate or receive wireless signals. In some embodiments, the antenna body includes a feed section 100 and a radiating section 200, with the feed terminal 300 connected to the feed section 100. The feed section 100 is a block pattern, and the radiating section 200 is a stubular pattern. In some embodiments, the 5G antenna 610 includes the antenna structure described in the above embodiments.

[0068] In one embodiment, such as Figure 12As shown, the glass substrate 620 includes a transparent region 621 and a black border region 622. The feed terminal 300 of the 5G antenna 610 is disposed in the black border region 622. Since the feed terminal 300 needs to connect cables, this arrangement allows the cable connector to be hidden in the black border region 622, reducing the impact on the appearance of the glass assembly. In one embodiment, when the 5G antenna 610 includes a feed section 100 and a radiating section 200, the feed section 100 can be disposed in the black border region 622, and the radiating section 200 can be at least partially disposed in the transparent region 621. In another embodiment, the first feed section 110, the second feed section 120, and the feed terminal 300 of the 5G antenna 610 can all be disposed in the black border region 622. In one embodiment, the first radiating stub 210 and the second radiating stub 220 of the 5G antenna 610 are disposed in the transparent region 621. The black edge region 622 of the glass substrate 620 is located at the edge of the glass substrate 620, and the black edge region 622 surrounds the transparent region 621. The black edge region 622 can be formed of materials such as ink (e.g., ceramic ink or epoxy resin ink), ceramic glaze, carbon black mixture, silver powder mixture, etc., and serves as a shielding function. In some embodiments, the first feed section 110, the second feed section 120, and the feed terminal 300 of the 5G antenna 610 are arranged on the same straight line. In this case, the first feed section 110, the second feed section 120, and the feed terminal 300 are all located in the black edge region 622. In some embodiments, the outer rectangle of the 5G antenna 610 has dimensions of 120mm * 45mm, with a width of 27mm in the black edge region 622 and a width of 18mm in the transparent region 621.

[0069] In one embodiment, such as Figure 12 As shown, the number of 5G antennas 610 is set to at least two. By setting multiple (greater than or equal to 2) 5G antennas 610, signal coverage, signal quality, capacity, and speed can be improved, thereby supporting diverse application scenarios. In one embodiment, at least two 5G antennas 610 are arranged in a straight line, which can optimize the planar coverage of the signal in the straight line direction and simplify antenna deployment and maintenance. In some embodiments, when the first feed section 110, the second feed section 120, and the feed end 300 of the 5G antennas 610 need to be placed in the black border area 622, multiple 5G antennas 610 can be arranged in a straight line along the edge of the glass substrate 620. In one embodiment, at least two 5G antennas 610 are arranged axially symmetrically. In one embodiment, at least two 5G antennas 610 are arranged axially symmetrically along the axis of symmetry of the glass substrate 620. In some embodiments, the size of the outer rectangle of the 5G antenna 610 is 120mm*45mm, and when multiple 5G antennas 610 are set, the spacing between two adjacent 5G antennas 610 can be set to 60mm. To ensure the isolation between different 5G antennas 610.

[0070] In one embodiment, such as Figure 13 As shown, the glass assembly also includes a broadcast antenna 630, which is disposed on the glass substrate 620. The broadcast antenna 630 includes a first connection terminal 631 and a broadcast stub 632 connected to the first connection terminal 631. The first connection terminal 631 is used to connect to a power supply component (antenna signal receiving component), and the broadcast stub 632 is used to receive broadcast signals. In this embodiment, the broadcast antenna 630 is used to receive different types of broadcast signals. The broadcast antenna 630 can receive amplitude modulation (AM) broadcast signals, frequency modulation (FM) broadcast signals, and digital audio broadcast (DAB) signals.

[0071] In one embodiment, the 5G antenna 610 and the broadcast antenna 630 are positioned close to each other, thereby coupling at least one 5G antenna 610 with the broadcast antenna 630, increasing the coupling current path of the 5G antenna 610 and expanding its bandwidth. In some embodiments, the spacing between the 5G antenna 610 and the broadcast antenna 630 can be between 3 mm and 5 mm.

[0072] In one embodiment, the antenna body of the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to the broadcast antenna 630. In another embodiment, at least a portion of the radiating portion 200 of the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to the broadcast antenna 630. For example, when the 5G antenna 610 includes a first radiating stub 210, at least a portion of the first radiating stub 210 is coupled to the broadcast antenna 630; when the 5G antenna 610 includes a second radiating stub 220, and the second radiating stub 220 includes a horizontal stub 213, at least a portion of the horizontal stub 213 is coupled to the broadcast antenna 630. When the 5G antenna 610 includes a coupling portion 400, at least a portion of the coupling portion 400 is coupled to the broadcast stub 632 of the broadcast antenna 630. For example, at least one of the first coupling stub 410, the second coupling stub 420, and the third coupling stub 430 in the coupling portion 400 of the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to the broadcast antenna 630. It is understood that any combination of the first radiating stub 210, the second radiating stub 220, and the coupling part 400 in the 5G antenna 610 can be coupled to the broadcast antenna 630. When the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to the broadcast antenna 630, the antenna body of the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to the broadcast stub 632 of the broadcast antenna 630.

[0073] In one embodiment, such as Figure 13As shown, the broadcast antenna 630 has a recessed receiving groove that is recessed towards the center of the glass substrate 620, and the radiating portion 200 is at least partially disposed within the receiving groove. In one embodiment, when the radiating portion 200 of the 5G antenna 610 includes a first radiating stub 210 and a second radiating stub 220, the first radiating stub 210 and / or the second radiating stub 220 are disposed within the receiving groove. With this arrangement, one side of the 5G antenna 610 is close to the edge of the glass substrate 620, while the other three sides are almost completely surrounded by the broadcast stub 632 of the broadcast antenna 630, effectively improving the suppression effect on surface waves of the glass substrate 620.

[0074] In one embodiment, such as Figure 13 As shown, when the number of 5G antennas 610 is at least two, the broadcast antenna 630 includes an open stub 650 with an open end, and the open stub 650 extends between two adjacent 5G antennas 610. Specifically, when the open stub 650 of the broadcast antenna 630 is provided between two adjacent 5G antennas 610, the isolation between the two adjacent 5G antennas 610 can be improved. In some embodiments, such as Figure 13 As shown, the open branches 650 of the broadcast antenna 630 are all located in a recessed receiving groove towards the center of the glass substrate 620.

[0075] In one embodiment, such as Figure 13 As shown, the first connection terminal 631 of the broadcast antenna 630 is located in the black border area 622. Since the first connection terminal 631 of the broadcast antenna 630 needs to be connected to the power supply component through the broadcast line, when the first connection terminal 631 is located in the black border area 622, the broadcast line connector can be hidden in the black border area 622, reducing the impact on the appearance of the glass assembly.

[0076] In one embodiment, such as Figure 14As shown, the glass assembly further includes a heater 640, which is disposed on the glass substrate 620. The heater 640 includes a second connection terminal 641 and a heating wire 642 connected to the second connection terminal 641. In this embodiment, the heater 640 is used to heat the glass assembly, allowing for the rapid removal of frost, fog, or condensation on the glass assembly, preventing any impact on its clarity. The heating wire 642 of the heater 640 is generally configured as a large-area mesh structure to achieve heating of a large area of ​​the glass assembly. In one embodiment, the 5G antenna 610 is positioned close to the heater 640, thereby coupling at least one 5G antenna 610 with the heater 640. The high-density mesh structure of the heater 640 effectively suppresses the propagation of surface waves on the surface of the glass assembly, thereby suppressing the propagation of surface waves from the 5G antenna 610 on the glass assembly and improving the efficiency of the 5G antenna 610. In some embodiments, the distance between the 5G antenna 610 and the heater 640 can be between 3 mm and 5 mm.

[0077] In one embodiment, the antenna body of the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to the heater 640. In another embodiment, at least a portion of the radiating portion 200 of the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to the heater 640. For example, when the 5G antenna 610 includes a first radiating branch 210, at least a portion of the first radiating branch 210 is coupled to the heater 640; when the 5G antenna 610 includes a second radiating branch 220, and the second radiating branch 220 includes a horizontal branch 213, at least a portion of the horizontal branch 213 is coupled to the heater 640. When the 5G antenna 610 includes a coupling portion 400, at least a portion of the coupling portion 400 is coupled to the heating wire 642 of the heater 640. For example, at least one of the first coupling branch 410, the second coupling branch 420, and the third coupling branch 430 in the coupling portion 400 of the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to the heater 640. It is understood that any combination of the first radiating stub 210, the second radiating stub 220, and the coupling part 400 in the 5G antenna 610 can be coupled to the heater 640. When the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to the heater 640, the antenna body of the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to the heating wire 642 of the heater 640.

[0078] In one embodiment, such as Figure 14As shown, the heater 640 has a recessed receiving groove that is recessed towards the center of the glass substrate 620, and the radiating portion 200 is at least partially disposed within the receiving groove. In one embodiment, when the radiating portion 200 of the 5G antenna 610 includes a first radiating branch 210 and a second radiating branch 220, the first radiating branch 210 and / or the second radiating branch 220 are disposed within the receiving groove. With this arrangement, one side of the 5G antenna 610 is close to the edge of the glass substrate 620, while the other three sides are almost completely surrounded by the heating wires 642 of the heater 640, effectively improving the suppression effect on surface waves of the glass substrate 620.

[0079] In one embodiment, such as Figure 14 As shown, when the number of 5G antennas 610 is at least two, the heater 640 includes an open stub 650 with an open end, and the open stub 650 extends between two adjacent 5G antennas 610. Specifically, when the open stub 650 of the heater 640 is provided between two adjacent 5G antennas 610, the isolation between the two adjacent 5G antennas 610 can be improved. In some embodiments, such as Figure 14 As shown, the open branches 650 of the heater 640 are all located in a recessed receiving groove towards the center of the glass substrate 620. In this case, the open branches 650 of the heater 640 are directly extended from the heating wire 642, and the open branches 650 are directly connected to the heating wire 642. In some embodiments, such as... Figure 16 As shown, the open stub 650 of heater 640 may not be directly connected to heating wire 642. It can be coupled to heating wire 642 through coupling, which can also improve the isolation between two adjacent 5G antennas 610.

[0080] In one embodiment, such as Figure 14 As shown, the second connection end 641 of the heater 640 is disposed in the black border area 622. The second connection end 641 of the heater 640 is used to connect to the power supply component (heating control component) through the heating power supply line. When the second connection end 641 is disposed in the black border area 622, the heating power supply line connector can be hidden in the black border area 622, reducing the impact on the appearance of the glass component.

[0081] In one embodiment, such as Figure 15As shown, the glass assembly simultaneously houses a broadcast antenna 630 and a heater 640, both mounted on a glass substrate 620. In this configuration, the glass assembly provides both broadcast signal reception and heating functions. It is understood that to prevent interference between the 5G antenna 610, broadcast antenna 630, and heater 640, they are respectively positioned in different areas of the glass substrate 620, avoiding overlap. In one embodiment, the 5G antenna 610 is positioned close to the broadcast antenna 630 or heater 640. In this case, the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to the broadcast antenna 630 or heater 640, meaning the antenna body of the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to the broadcast stub 632 or heating wire 642. For example, as... Figure 15 As shown, the 5G antenna 610 is positioned near the long side of the broadcast antenna 630, and the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to the long side of the broadcast stub 632 of the broadcast antenna 630. In some embodiments, such as Figure 16 As shown, the 5G antenna 610 is positioned near the heater 640, and the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to the heating wire 642 of the heater 640. In some embodiments, such as Figure 17 As shown, the 5G antenna 610 is positioned near the short side of the broadcast antenna 630, in which case the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to the short side of the broadcast stub 632 of the broadcast antenna 630. In some embodiments, such as Figure 18 As shown, the 5G antenna 610 is positioned near the heater 640, and at this time, the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to the heating wire 642.

[0082] In some embodiments, the 5G antenna 610 may also be positioned close to the broadcast antenna 630 and the heater 640, respectively. In this case, the 5G antenna 610 is coupled to both the broadcast antenna 630 and the heater 640 simultaneously, meaning that the antenna body of the 5G antenna 610 is simultaneously coupled to both the broadcast stub 632 and the heating wire 642. For example, as... Figure 19 As shown, a total of four 5G antennas 610 are provided, two of which are located near the broadcast antenna 630 for coupling with the broadcast antenna 630, and two of which are located near the heater 640 for coupling with the heater 640. In some embodiments, both the broadcast antenna 630 and the heater 640 have a receiving groove recessed towards the center of the glass substrate 620, and the radiating portion 200 of the 5G antenna 610 is at least partially disposed within the receiving groove. In some embodiments, when both the broadcast antenna 630 and the heater 640 include an open stub 650 with an open end, the open stub 650 can improve the isolation between two adjacent 5G antennas 610. In some embodiments, when the open stub 650 of the heater 640 is coupled to the heating wire 642 in a coupled manner, since the broadcast antenna 630 and the heater 640 are coupled, the open stub 650 coupled in the heater 640 can simultaneously improve the performance of the broadcast antenna 630 and the 5G antenna 610.

[0083] It should be noted that the frequency band of the 5G antenna 610 is higher than that of the broadcast antenna 630. By adopting the block-shaped feed section 100 and the segmented radiating section 200 of the 5G antenna 610 of this application, when the radiating section 200 is coupled with the broadcast antenna 630, the adverse effects that may be caused by the coupling between the broadcast antenna 630 and the 5G antenna 610 can be effectively reduced. This not only improves the performance of both low-frequency and high-frequency communication methods at the same time, but also makes full use of the space of the glass substrate 620.

[0084] In one embodiment, such as Figure 15 As shown, when the glass assembly is equipped with both the broadcast antenna 630 and the heater 640, the first connection end 631 of the broadcast antenna 630 and the second connection end 641 of the heater 640 are both located in the black border area 622, so that the corresponding connectors can be hidden in the black border area 622, reducing the impact on the appearance of the glass assembly.

[0085] In one embodiment, the stub width of the radiating portion 200 of the 5G antenna 610 is the same as the line width of the broadcast stub 632 of the broadcast antenna 630 and / or the heating wire 642 of the heater 640. In another embodiment, the stub width of the first radiating stub 210 and the second radiating stub 220 of the 5G antenna 610 is the same as the line width of the broadcast stub 632 of the broadcast antenna 630 and / or the heating wire 642 of the heater 640. Specifically, in this embodiment, the stub width of the radiating portion 200 of the 5G antenna 610, the line width of the broadcast stub 632 of the broadcast antenna 630, and the line width of the heating wire 642 of the heater 640 are set to be the same, making the line widths on the glass assembly consistent and the layout more harmonious. In some embodiments, the stub width of the radiating portion 200 of the 5G antenna 610, the line width of the broadcast antenna 630, and the line width of the heater 640 are all set to 0.7 mm.

[0086] The performance of the 5G antenna 610 in the glass assembly of this application is described in detail below with a specific embodiment. The structural layout of the glass assembly is as follows: Figure 15 As shown, the structure of the 5G antenna 610 is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the 5G antenna 610 measures 120mm x 45mm. The glass assembly contains four 5G antennas 610 arranged in a straight line, with a spacing of 60mm between adjacent antennas. Simulation results show... Figure 20 As shown, the 5G antenna 610 has a low-frequency VSWR of less than 2.5 and a mid-to-high-frequency VSWR of less than 2.0, achieving good impedance matching. Figure 21 As shown, the minimum isolation between adjacent 5G antennas 610 is 16dB, and the mutual interference between adjacent antennas is relatively small.

[0087] In one embodiment, this application also proposes a vehicle, which includes the glass components described in the above embodiments. The glass components can be the rear windshield, side windows, etc., of a vehicle. The vehicle can include land vehicles, water vehicles, air vehicles, industrial equipment, agricultural equipment, or recreational equipment. For example, the vehicle can be a vehicle, in a broad sense, including transportation vehicles (such as commercial vehicles, passenger cars, motorcycles, flying cars, trains, etc.), industrial vehicles (such as forklifts, trailers, tractors, etc.), engineering vehicles (such as excavators, bulldozers, cranes, etc.), agricultural equipment (such as lawnmowers, harvesters, etc.), amusement equipment, toy vehicles, etc. This application does not specifically limit the type of vehicle. Furthermore, the vehicle can be an airplane or a ship, etc.

[0088] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example that is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0089] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0090] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A 5G antenna, characterized in that, include: The device comprises a power supply section, a radiating section, and a power supply terminal. The radiating section is connected to the power supply section. The power supply section includes a first power supply section and a second power supply section. The power supply terminal is connected to the first power supply section and the second power supply section respectively. The first power supply section and the second power supply section are block-shaped patterns, and the radiating section is a branch-shaped pattern. The radiating section at least partially surrounds the power supply section.

2. The 5G antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiating section includes a first radiating branch and a second radiating branch; the first feeding section is connected to the first radiating branch through at least two connection points, and / or the second feeding section is connected to the second radiating branch through at least two connection points. As the distance gradually approaches the feed end, the distance between the connection point between the first feed section and the first radiating branch and the feed end decreases sequentially; as the distance gradually moves away from the feed end, the distance between the connection point between the second feed section and the second radiating branch and the feed end increases sequentially.

3. The 5G antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first power supply unit is connected to the first radiating branch through a first connection point, a second connection point, a third connection point, and a fourth connection point. The second power supply unit is connected to the second radiating branch through a fifth connection point and a sixth connection point. The distances between the first connection point, the second connection point, the third connection point, and the fourth connection point and the power supply end decrease sequentially, while the distances between the fifth connection point and the sixth connection point and the power supply end increase sequentially.

4. The 5G antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The distance from the first connection point to the feed terminal is 1 / 4 wavelength of the first frequency point, the distance from the second connection point to the feed terminal is 1 / 4 wavelength of the second frequency point, the distance from the third connection point to the feed terminal is 1 / 4 wavelength of the third frequency point, the distance from the fourth connection point to the feed terminal is 1 / 4 wavelength of the fourth frequency point, the distance from the fifth connection point to the feed terminal is 1 / 4 wavelength of the third frequency point, and the distance from the sixth connection point to the feed terminal is 1 / 4 wavelength of the second frequency point.

5. The 5G antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first radiating branch includes a first branch and a second branch. The first branch is connected to the first power supply unit through the first connection point, and the second branch is connected to the first power supply unit through the second connection point, the third connection point, and the fourth connection point.

6. The 5G antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first branch is configured as a straight structure; and / or, the second branch includes a closed structure and / or a semi-closed structure with an opening; and / or, the first branch, the second branch, and the first power supply section constitute a semi-closed structure with an opening.

7. The 5G antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second branch includes a horizontal branch that forms at least a portion of the outer boundary of the 5G antenna, and the second branch also includes a connecting branch that connects the fourth connection point to the horizontal branch.

8. The 5G antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The branch extending from the fourth connection point in the first radiating branch, the second radiating branch, the first feed section, the feed end, and the second feed section constitute a semi-enclosed structure with an opening.

9. The 5G antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: The coupling section includes at least one of a first coupling branch, a second coupling branch, and a third coupling branch; wherein the first coupling branch is configured as a closed structure and is coupled to the semi-enclosed structure; the second coupling branch, the second radiating branch, and the second feed section constitute a semi-enclosed structure with an opening; and the third coupling branch is configured as a straight structure and is coupled to the second radiating branch.

10. The 5G antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A first slit and / or a second slit, wherein the first slit is disposed in the first power supply section and the second slit is disposed in the second power supply section.

11. The 5G antenna according to claim 10, characterized in that, The first slit and / or the second slit are configured as a discontinuous structure.

12. A glass assembly, characterized in that, include: The glass substrate and at least one 5G antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein at least one of the 5G antennas is disposed on the glass substrate.

13. The glass assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that, The number of 5G antennas is set to at least two, and the at least two 5G antennas are arranged in a straight line, and / or, the at least two 5G antennas are arranged in an axisymmetrical arrangement.

14. The glass assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that, Also includes: A broadcast antenna and / or a heater, wherein the broadcast antenna is disposed on the glass substrate, the heater is disposed on the glass substrate, and at least one of the 5G antennas is coupled to the broadcast antenna and / or the heater.

15. The glass assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that, Also includes: A broadcast antenna and / or a heater; when the number of the 5G antennas is at least two, the broadcast antenna and / or the heater includes an open stub with an open end, and the open stub extends between two adjacent 5G antennas.

16. The glass assembly according to claim 14, characterized in that, At least a portion of the radiating portion is coupled to the broadcast antenna and / or the heater; and / or, when the 5G antenna includes a coupling portion, at least a portion of the coupling portion is coupled to the broadcast antenna and / or the heater.

17. The glass assembly according to claim 14, characterized in that, The width of the first and second radiating segments of the 5G antenna is the same as the line width of the broadcast antenna and / or the heater.

18. A vehicle, characterized in that, include: The glass assembly according to any one of claims 12 to 17.

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